How to beautifully decorate the foundation of a house from the outside. Materials for facing the foundation: overview and the right choice

An important element of the house is the plinth, which protects the lower part of the external walls of the building. It must be manufactured accordingly, and must be durable and resistant to various adverse factors. You should think carefully about how to finish the plinth so that it is stable and at the same time architecturally attractive. External walls below are most often finished with ceramic tiles or clinker, but sometimes decorative stone and other materials are also found.

How to veneer the basement of a house and with what?

The base is the upper part of the foundation wall, which is usually located above the ground level at a height of 30-50 cm. This height depends on the location of the house, the groundwater level and the design of the foundation. Higher plinths can be made in a foundation structure partially buried in the ground, if there is a basement.

The main function of the plinth is to protect the lower part of the external walls of the building from mechanical damage (to avoid damage to the waterproofing layer) and to preserve the walls from high humidity. Wetting can be caused by heavy rain and melting snow, which is thrown directly under the walls of the building. If built correctly and lined correctly, the plinth will protect the walls from water and will be an attractive architectural accent to the home. However, in any case, you should avoid the accumulation of large snow drifts near the building.

Is the base recessed or protruding?

In most cases, typical private houses are built with a sinking base, which is hidden under the facade of the building. In this solution, water flowing from the façade will flow away from the wall, which will provide a higher degree of protection of the walls from moisture.

The decision on the type of base must be made already at the stage of constructing the foundation, in order to correctly construct the base and select individual layers of external walls.

In the case of a sinking base, a special profile is used that is resistant to rainwater and protects the lower part of the house from mechanical damage and moisture.

In the case of thermal insulation of external walls with mineral wool or polystyrene foam boards, you can also use special starter strips located in the lower protruding part of the facade.

A protruding base is performed less frequently. However, sometimes it can be an interesting architectural element of a building. In the case of a plinth protruding from the facade of the building, its upper part must be reinforced with appropriately selected steel profiles or ceramic tiles.

It is important that the height difference be made by approximately 6-10%, which ensures a smooth outflow of rainwater without its deposition on the wall (facade). In no case should the upper surface of the plinth be horizontal, without a slope, as this will quickly lead to dampness of the walls and damage to the facade at the point of its connection with the plinth.

If we want to veneer the entire base decorative stone, we must choose the right thickness so that adequate water drainage can be achieved.

The protection of the upper surface of the base should protrude approximately 2-5 cm, which will ensure that rainwater drains from the surface without causing dampness to the wall.

The least rare are plinths that are made flush with the wall, that is, in the same plane as it or a smooth façade right down to the ground. Such solutions must be designed individually and require very precise selection all materials. It is important in this case to ensure proper execution of all façade cladding connections and the selection of durable and frost-resistant materials.

Ceramic tiles or clinker tiles are quite common materials for plinths. In this case, the frost resistance parameters of the finishing material are very important.

Make sure that the tiles have sufficient resistance to low temperatures in winter and have a water absorption of no more than 8% (for ceramic tiles). Materials that do not meet these requirements may be too fragile for finishing.

Ceramic and clinker tiles can be especially useful in the case of finishing a base that protrudes in relation to the plane of the building facade. Options available for sale various thicknesses, shape and design.

For the strength of the base it is even more important right choice glue. In this case, be sure to use elastic and frost-resistant glue High Quality so that individual tiles or even entire arrays do not peel off. The tiles must be glued to the plastered surface. Before gluing, it is recommended to lay a special mesh, which will increase the elasticity of the entire structure.

It is also necessary that the grout used is resistant to water and frost. In the case of clinker tiles, it is necessary to use adhesive and grout specifically designed for clinker, which protect against so-called fading (white spots on the surface of the clinker). There are also adhesives and grouts available in the market, available in various colors, which allows you to choose the color of the mortar for the tiles.

If you want to tile the basement of your home, you have a very wide range of colors and patterns to choose from, allowing you to match the finish harmoniously with the building's façade.

An important advantage of finishing with tiles or clinker is that such a surface is easy to keep clean, clean and wash without damage. The tiles are also resistant to mechanical damage, although to a lesser extent than surfaces finished natural stone(which are more durable than ceramics or clinker).

If you want to cover the base with stone, you should keep in mind that this is a very labor-intensive and therefore more expensive method than finishing with ceramic tiles or basic plaster. This is due to the fact that the correct choice of stone is necessary so that it is possible to maintain approximately equal joint thickness over the entire surface.

To perform this type of finishing, it is usually used:

• large pebbles, although in this case difficulties arise in selecting flat stones close to each other in size;
• crushed stone;
• stone tiles.

Natural stone tiles are characterized by a very impressive external surface.

Stone tiles and stone are characterized by good properties drainage of rainwater and the ability to easily keep the surface clean. The stone is also very resistant to mechanical damage, which will provide good protection for thermal insulation and the lower part of the external walls from moisture.

Due to the high labor intensity, finishing the plinth with natural stone is a relatively expensive solution. In addition, it is worth making sure that this type of finish will look harmonious with the architecture of the rest of the house (stone is not always suitable for houses in modern style). In order to save money, the base is often finished with stone panels that imitate the pattern and pattern of natural stone.

There is also the possibility of finishing the surface of the plinth with plaster. For this purpose, acrylic and mineral plasters are used. Despite the fact that both types of plaster masses can be used for external walls, it is still not recommended to use acrylic plaster.

Acrylic and mineral plasters differ significantly in price (not in favor of mineral ones), but when choosing, you should not take into account only the price criterion.

Acrylic plasters come in a much wider range of colors and can also be painted without any major problems in any color you choose. In the case of mineral plasters available on the market, the choice of color is more limited.

Several years ago, mineral plasters were sold as a dry mixture, which had to be diluted with the required amount of water. In the absence of experience, it is not always possible to make the right solution. Now, however, they are available on the market in ready-made masses, which allows them to be applied directly from the container to the walls, as is the case with acrylic plaster. These masses are more expensive than dry mixes, but after adding the cost of labor, it often turns out that the cost will be the same. Ready-made compounds do not require as long drying and protection from water as dry plasters, which often require protection for approximately 3-5 days.

Mineral plasters are more durable than acrylic plasters. However, it should be noted that no plaster will be as resistant to impacts and dents as ceramic or stone.

The advantages of acrylic plasters are that they are more elastic and thus better suited for finishing surfaces exposed to variable temperatures. However, they are less resistant to moisture, which can accumulate in some places and damage the surface.

According to architectural canons, the plinth is the part of the building lying on the foundation, and is considered as a transition wall between the foundation base and the outer walls of the house. The complex of works on the external finishing of the entire building includes measures for finishing the basement, while the finishing materials for the basement of the house are somewhat different from the materials chosen for finishing the walls of the house. This is due to the close location of the base to the ground, where it is more susceptible to the influence of moisture and cold air than the walls of the residential building themselves. Thanks to the development of modern technologies for finishing the external surfaces of residential buildings and the creation of new finishing materials, builders of private houses have received ample opportunities to equip original and practical plinths at affordable prices.

After finishing the basement, it is even visually different from the building Source domzzz.ru

Purpose and functions of the base

Builders and architects have different interpretations purpose of the base. Builders consider the basement as part of the foundation, while architects usually consider it the lower part of the wall.

This is interesting! From the point of view of ancient Italian architects, the base is independent structural element- the foot of a building, column or monument lying on a foundation (the Italian word “zoccolo” literally translates as a shoe with a wooden sole).

In accordance with building codes, the foundation walls must be raised above the ground to a height of 15 to 250 cm. This visible part of the foundation, called the foundation wall, is called the plinth. The base is intermediate structure, uniting load-bearing walls buildings with a foundation. In Fig. Below is a concrete foundation with a brick base.

Construction of a brick plinth on the foundation Source vi.decorexpro.com

The main functions of the basement wall of a building are:

perception of load from the upper part of a residential building (load-bearing function);

ensuring the stability of the building, creating a strong pedestal, perception of linear deformations during settlement of the house (support function);

protection of walls from exposure to atmospheric sedimentary moisture (waterproofing function);

providing thermal protection for basements (thermal insulating function);

fencing the space between the piles and the grillage in the case of a pile foundation (enclosing function);

creation of an appropriate architectural appearance of the erected building (architectural and decorative function).

Video description

More about the advantages of the basement floor in the video:

Differences between basement and basement

The ground floor, also called the ground floor, should not be confused with the basement and imagine it as a sort of dark, damp room.

It is important! The basement floor is located inside the perimeter of the foundation walls and can be installed in buildings with any type of foundation. The basement can only be built inside a strip foundation. In some variants of foundations (such as piles), the base is simply absent. In the case of a pile foundation, the pile heads are raised above the ground to a height of at least 20 cm, and a grillage is laid on them, which serves as support for the walls of the house.

In Fig. Below is a house on a pile foundation, in which the piles protrude a considerable distance from the ground. To close the resulting free gap, a false base is formed by laying walls made of facing bricks or sheathing piles decorative panels type of siding. Finishing of the foundation will be inexpensively provided by using materials used for the external cladding of the facade, taking into account the peculiarities of the location of the false base.

For such a house you need a false base Source tema.ru

Using the example of false plinths, the main differences between the basement and the ground floor become clear:

The walls of the basement of a house are always load-bearing; the load from the upper floors of the building is partially distributed on them. Basement walls are not always load-bearing, but can only perform enclosing and architectural and decorative functions without bearing weight loads from the building.

The ground floor can be recessed to a slight depth or even be above ground. A basement is a room buried in the ground. The basement can be classified as a basement floor, while the basement is not always buried in the ground and cannot be considered a basement in such cases.

Ground floor options are preferable in regions with deep freezing of the soil and during construction in areas with closely located groundwater. Arrangement of basements in such cases is very difficult and is associated with significant financial costs.

Despite such a significant difference in purpose and design, the ground floor and basement allow for identical practical use– on their premises you can set up a workshop, a garage, plan a living room and even build a full-fledged sauna.

Types of basement structures

Practiced options for finishing the base of a house take into account its location relative to the plane of the outer wall (see figure below):

Types of location of the plinth relative to the wall Source domsireni.ru

a – protruding type;

b – in one plane (flush);

c – sinking.

The following positions are indicated in the figure:

pos. 1 – external wall;

pos. 2 – waterproofing;

pos. 3 – foundation.

The protruding type of foot (pos. a) gives the building the appearance of a powerful structure with increased stability. From an architectural and aesthetic point of view, the protruding type is more advantageous than foundation walls made flush or sunken.

Appearance of the protruding plinth Source remont.kz

However, they necessarily require the construction of a protective cornice with drainage functions to prevent water from flowing from the walls to the base. The construction of a protruding type foundation wall is advisable for houses with thin walls or when building a warm underground for its thermal protection, in order to compensate with its width for the small thickness of the outer wall.

Recessed type base (pos. c), when outer wall(item 1) hangs over the foundation (item 3), is considered more effective and reliable in terms of protecting the waterproofing layer (item 2) from mechanical influences and atmospheric moisture. It is more economical in terms of material consumption, since the thickness is smaller and the construction of a drain cornice is not required. But regarding its aesthetic qualities, the opinions of architects differ diametrically. Some are convinced of an aesthetic loss due to the impression created that the house has reduced stability compared to its actual value. Other designers consider the contours of the recessed plinth to be more compact and modern.

This is what a wall with a sunken plinth looks like Source domsireni.ru

Sometimes the base is built flush with the plane of the wall. It is believed that in such cases the waterproofing line is broken, and the location of the waterproofing layer itself appears random.

When constructing a flush base, it differs only in color Source 2gis.ru

Purpose of basement finishing, requirements for finishing materials

The base experiences a greater volume of loads than the underground part of the base of the building. Along with the weight load from the entire structure, it has to counteract the buoyancy forces from the soil during soil heaving, that is, the mechanical loads on the base are multidirectional.

It is clear that to finish the surface of the basement wall it is necessary to use materials with increased quality indicators compared to traditional cladding. In addition to mechanical loads, they must withstand the impact well environment:

temperature changes;

negative impact of sedimentary moisture - rain, snow, melt water, condensing fog;

exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation;

wind loads.

As a result, the finishing of the basement of the house is carried out for the following purposes:

minimizing the negative impact of environmental weather conditions on the foundation and lower layers of external walls;

preventing the penetration of dirt and chemical compounds into the materials of the walls of a residential building, provoking processes of destruction of the foundation;

protecting the foundation from possible formation of mold, mildew, and insects.

Video description

The video shows an example of how to veneer the base of a house inexpensively and beautifully on a pile foundation:

Rough base protection

So that the base can long time to fully perform its functions, it itself must be protected from wind loads, temperature changes, atmospheric and pervasive ground moisture. Before you begin finishing the basement wall, it is necessary to carry out a set of measures for the so-called rough protection of the basement. There are five main aspects of rough protection of the base from possible destruction and preventing distortion of the geometry of the building itself.

On our website you can find contacts of companies specializing in finishing materials for finishing country houses. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Laying drainage communications along the perimeter of the basement wall

To create a drainage system for the basement, a trench is dug into which drainage pipes are laid with perforations over the entire surface. Through them, moisture that gets inside will be drained to drainage well. Trench with specially laid drainage pipes sprinkled with sand and gravel, then filled with earth.

Video description

The video shows an example of drainage for the basement floor:

Applying waterproofing to the outside of a basement wall

The base is waterproofed after the initial waterproofing of the foundation base and reinforced belt. Sequence of work:

the foundation superstructure is coated with hot bitumen or bitumen mastic;

several layers of roofing material are applied on top;

coated with a penetrating waterproofing compound.

Production of blind areas

Blind areas are called concrete-filled inclined strips along the perimeter of the building, coming close to the basement wall. A slight slope “away from the wall” prevents water from accumulating near the foundation superstructure during rain or when snow melts. The width of the blind area should be at least 25 cm greater than the size of the roof extension. Sequence of work:

remove top part soil;

lay a drainage cushion of sand and crushed stone;

a layer of concrete is poured on top of the cushion, ensuring a slope from the wall.

Blind area for the foundation Source subscribe.ru

Plastering the surface of the plinth

Performed to level and strengthen the surface. This reduces the likelihood of cracks forming, causing subsequent possible destruction. Typically, in preparation for plastering, a metal mesh is pre-stuffed and then plaster is applied. To impart water-repellent properties to the solution, a plasticizer is added to it.

Installation of ebb tides

These structural elements act as a protective canopy for the foundation wall. The ebbs can be ceramic, steel or aluminum, plastic or brick.

Upon completion of the complex of protective measures, the main finishing of the base begins.

Methods for finishing the base

Among the methods of finishing a basement wall practiced in private housing construction, the most popular are the following technologies:

applying decorative plaster, creating relief compositions imitating granite, marble or natural stones;

use of decorative siding panels;

finishing with corrugated sheets and corrugated sheets;

resin-based tile finishing;

cladding with natural or artificial stones, facing bricks, clinker tiles;

covering with thermal panels;

finishing with slate and cement particle boards.

Photo of finishing the base of the house - imitation of stone when finishing the base Source domsireni.ru

Finishing with decorative plaster

Finishing the base or facing the foundation can be done cheaply without loss of operational and aesthetic qualities using decorative plastering. The main advantages of this technique are:

fairly high vapor permeability;

resistance to temperature changes;

ease of application to the surface to be plastered;

a wide variety color palette;

good maintainability for repair and restoration work;

affordable price.

Additional Information. Experts believe that when comparing the entire set of indicators in terms of cost, quality, durability, maintainability and practicality of the coating, finishing the base with plaster turns out to be the most advantageous option.

Among the shortcomings, users note:

small operational resource;

the need for constant updating of the paint coating;

Difficulties in cleaning the surface from contamination.

Modern trends in the artistic and decorative design of the facades of residential buildings have not left the plastering of plinths unattended.

Decorative plaster can be used to give the surface any shape Source dom-steny.ru

In private homes, the most popular types of plaster are now those that create exclusive compositions:

textured compositions used to create paintings, drawings, color mosaics;

glazing compounds that help in creating interesting effects;

relief decoration “like stone”.

Siding finishing

When finishing the basement of a private house in Moscow with its climate and colder regions, siding panels are often used - the term “basement siding” has even entered construction practice. At its core, siding is in a universal way finishing any surface of the house, however, the panels for covering the base are somewhat different from the classic wall analogues.

If wall sidings are represented by panels with a thickness of 0.7-1.2 mm and a length of almost 4 meters, then for the plinth reinforced panels with a thickness of 2.5 to 3.0 mm are produced (almost 3 times thicker than wall cladding!) and a length of 1 ,0-1.13 m with a width of up to 47 cm. This ensures increased resistance to mechanical damage, including accidental impacts, and rigidity with respect to temperature deformation.

Standard siding panel "brick" Source sargorstroy.ru

On Russian market facing materials, basement siding is represented by plastic and metal panels that imitate the texture of natural stones, wood, and brick. Plastic panels for the base are made from PVC and polypropylene resins, modified with special components to improve strength, resistance to fire and sedimentary moisture. Metal - made of steel and aluminum.

The main advantages of basement siding include:

increased strength and rigidity of each panel individually and assembled structure generally;

resistance to negative influences biological factors– fungus, mold, insects;

excellent moisture resistance;

increased mechanical strength in relation to impacts and chipping;

wear resistance to the abrasive effects of dust and debris particles;

small deformations due to temperature changes, building settlement or soil swelling;

wide temperature range of application – the panels do not lose their properties both in severe frost (down to minus 50 degrees C) and in heat exceeding + 50 degrees. C);

resistance to solar ultraviolet radiation - the material does not age quickly, and the color does not fade;

excellent maintainability – panels can be easily replaced if necessary;

Easy to maintain - the panels can be easily washed from dirt.

A significant disadvantage of basement siding is the need to install a special frame, which significantly increases the cost of finishing materials and the complexity of finishing work.

Siding panels cannot be installed without sheathing Source podvaldoma.ru

Installation of basement siding panels also has its pros and cons. The advantages of the panel installation process include the following aspects:

panels can be installed on any type of plinth;

no preliminary leveling of the wall surface is required;

high culture and cleanliness of installation work;

Fastening the panels to the frame sheathing using self-tapping screws and to each other using tenons and clamps ensures rigid fixation of the siding to the base.

Installation problems for plinth panels include:

the need to correctly align the frame under the panels;

painstaking installation, the likelihood of defects when connecting panels, which can subsequently affect the appearance of the base and its performance;

need for use special tool for cutting and fitting panels.

Finishing with corrugated sheets and corrugated sheets

Cladding the base with a profiled steel sheet is to some extent an analogue of siding technology, only plinth panels replaced with corrugated sheets or corrugated sheets with appropriate modifications to the frame. In addition to the protective function, finishing can also be performed for decorative purposes.

Video description

The video shows an example of finishing the basement of an old house:

The corrugated sheet has a more rigid wave profile than the corrugated sheet. According to their intended purpose, profiled sheets are used as roofing material, however, C13 corrugated board, having a wave height of 13 mm, is allowed for cladding the plinths of private residential buildings. The thickness of the corrugated sheet is 0.6-0.7 mm, which is quite enough to create a durable cladding for the foundation superstructure. Corrugated sheets are supplied with galvanized or polymer coating.

The advantages of profiled sheets include:

high strength qualities;

visual appeal, the ability to implement various types of design compositions;

resistance to corrosion and discoloration from environmental influences;

ease of installation, minimal labor required for installation on the base;

affordability.

It is important! Cladding the base with corrugated sheets is a budget option for finishing foundation and basement walls and is clearly superior to other technologies in terms of price/quality.

Among the disadvantages, two factors can be noted:

the monotony of the corrugated pattern, which some users perceive as an indicator of an unpresentable interior;

need to take geometry into account general design buildings, since the wave bends of the sheets may not at all correspond to the artistic style of the building (“do not fit” into the design).

The issue of combining the patterns of the wall and the plinth is one of the main ones when finishing the plinth of a private house with corrugated sheets Source sevparitet.ru

Resin based tiles

Plinth tiles produced using resin binders have a thickness of only 3-5 mm. The tiles are easily bent at any angle, they can even be rolled, which is why this facing material is commonly called flexible stone. The length of the tiles varies from 24 to 36 cm with a width of 5 to 7 cm. Resin-based tiles are produced with a smooth and textured surface that imitates the color and texture of the entire range of natural facing materials - stone, wood, facing brick.

Facing made of “flexible stone” Source moypodval.ru

Due to their high flexibility, tiles on resin bases can be easily laid on a plinth of any configuration, including arcuate geometry. The installation features of such tiles are as follows:

when laying, the tiles are glued with a special glue to the previously leveled and primed surface of the basement wall;

It is allowed to lay tiles directly on concrete surfaces and on upper layer thermal insulation;

tiles are easy to cut with a knife and large scissors;

The time for complete drying of the glue is 2-3 days.

Finishing with stone, brick, clinker tiles

Finishing the base “like stone” or “like brick” gives the residential building solidity and monumentality. It is not at all necessary for home owners to spend money on granite, marble, rubble stone or brick. Decorative functions of finishing from natural stone materials are successfully performed by various types facing tiles with a texture imitating natural stones or brick.

Natural stone tiles

It is a complete decorative alternative to classic stone foundation masonry. WITH back side the tiles are smooth, and on the front side the stone is not processed, preserving its natural identity.

Natural stone cladding - great option for finishing the foundation wooden house Source moypodval.ru

Stone-like facing tiles, imitating natural stones, are produced on a cement-sand base with the addition of paint, plasticizers and protective compounds. Artificial stones have high strength characteristics, do not absorb water, and are easy to clean with a water jet. Artificial stone is more plastic than natural stone, so it can better withstand accidental impacts and sudden temperature changes.

Stone-like cladding Source piatachok.ru

Clinker

Clinker tiles are a version of facing bricks made by annealing special refractory clay. Sintered clay is very hard, and its glossy surface has high hydrophobic properties. After laying, clinker tiles create an imitation of brickwork.

It is important! Clinker tiles are characterized by high chemical inertness to negative impacts environment and is superior in durability to natural and artificial stones.

Cladding the base with clinker - as an option for finishing the foundation of a house from the outside Source tr.decorexpro.com

Facing brick is a natural ceramic product that fully imitates brickwork. It has high thermal insulation and strength qualities, which are so necessary to protect the base and the entire facade.

Basement finished with facing brick Source domsireni.ru

Finishing with base thermal panels

Base thermal panels are facing tiles equipped with inside insulation. Facing decorative material thermal panels are clinker tiles imitating natural stones, brick, shell rock, porcelain tiles or regular ceramic tile with “brick” imitation. Polyurethane foam or extruded polystyrene foam is used as insulation. The thickness of the insulation layer is 20-80 mm.

Note! Practice has shown that the use of thermal panels with foamed polystyrene for cladding a basement wall is unacceptable. This insulation option is short-lived and has weak heat-shielding properties.

Thermal panels are exterior finishing and insulation Source blogremonta.com

Finishing with slate and cement bonded particleboard

Finishing the base with flat slate is not bad budget option exterior finishing Houses. Asbestos fiber, Portland cement and water are used to make flat slate. It is recommended that the cladding of the basement wall be made of pressed slate, which is much denser and stronger than its non-pressed counterpart. The main advantages of slate materials include:

resistance to aggression of sedimentary moisture;

low water absorption coefficient;

resistance to low temperatures and sudden temperature changes;

resistance to open flame, slate sheets do not burn;

slate can be painted using acrylic primer and acrylic or silicone paint;

long service life within 25-30 years.

Among the disadvantages, the following factors are necessarily mentioned:

increased fragility - slate is capable of collapsing from dynamic impacts, for example, from being hit by a stone;

asbestos dust generated when cutting sheets during the installation process is extremely harmful to humans. Processing of sheets is carried out only in respirators.

Budget options for finishing the plinth Source domsireni.ru

Cement particle boards (CPB) are made by pressing wood shavings with cement. The basis of the CBPB is chips of a large fraction, the top layer is formed from chips of a smaller fraction. The building materials market offers DSP sheets with a thickness of 8-36 mm. To finish the basement wall, sheets with a thickness of 16 to 20 mm are used.

The advantages of DSP are as follows:

good moisture resistance;

resistance to low ambient temperatures;

high degree of fire safety of DSP cladding;

resistance to rotting;

ease of machining.

The disadvantages include two factors:

heavy weight of each cladding element;

service life does not exceed 15 years.

Finishing the basement in a wooden house

When finishing the foundation of a wooden house and cladding the basement, special attention is paid to carefully waterproofing and thermal insulation of the entire basement belt around the building. The wood from which the walls of a home are built is susceptible to rotting and mold growth, and is vulnerable to excess sedimentary and ground moisture. Only reliable protection of the base will prevent liquid from penetrating into the wall part and preventing it from freezing in the cold season. After taking measures to waterproof and thermally protect the base, it can be finished using the technologies described above.

Finishing the base of a wooden house Source remlandia.ru

Conclusion

The long-term trouble-free operation of a residential building depends on the strength and reliability of the plinth around the building. When the basement is destroyed, a destructive reaction of the building begins, leading to a deterioration in the appearance of the building and a decrease in its strength qualities, up to local destruction of the walls and foundation. Any method of finishing the basement to a certain extent protects and improves the façade of the building. Developers are only required to achieve optimal matching of price, quality and decorative properties finishing material so that the basement cladding does not stand out from the overall picture of the appearance of the building.

The base of the house requires reliable protection from moisture penetration, getting wet, sun rays and mechanical damage. For getting solid foundation and uniform weight load, various facing materials are used. In this article, we will look in detail at what to cover the basement of a house with, and provide characteristics of the materials, their advantages and disadvantages.

Types of basement structures

The most reliable type is a recessed base. Its device perfectly protects the structure from mechanical and atmospheric damage, and for its installation there is no need to construct a drain. The sunken view looks great and complements the building.

The protruding base is arranged in frame houses with thin walls. This type requires a drainage device in order to remove precipitation as much as possible from the foundation.

An important point in the design of the base is its waterproofing. Before choosing facing material The following points should be taken into account:

• brickwork extends the basement structure;
• Insulation is placed inside the frame, which reduces heat loss;
• the frame system allows you to carry out any renovation work Anytime;

The main purpose of plinth cladding is:

• minimize the negative impact of precipitation, humidity, temperature changes and direct sunlight on the foundation of the house;
• preventing dirt and chemicals from entering the walls of the house, which can cause destructive processes in the foundation;
• protecting the foundation from the formation of mold, stains, mildew and insects;

Full characteristics of the facing material

Cladding the basement of a house and which material is better to choose, this question arises for every owner of a country house. We suggest considering popular materials for finishing the foundation.

Finishing with decorative plaster

Plaster is used for any type of structure. This mixture has good contact with other building materials. The advantage of plastering is:

• high vapor permeability;
• responds well to temperature changes;
• easy to repair;
• easy to apply to the surface;
• the ability to combine with other materials;
• affordable price.

• short operational period;
• requires constant updating of the coating (painting);
• If dirt gets on the surface, it may be difficult to wash it out.

The finishing process consists of simple steps:

• before plastering, insulate and level the surface;
• fix the plaster tiles;
• use paint that is resistant to frost and moisture;

The photo shows a plastered facade

Siding finishing

To cover the base, siding panels designed for this work are used. The advantage of such a facade is:

• high strength and reliability, the panel is able to protect the entire surface;
• easy to care for, can be easily washed;
• resistant to impacts and damage;
• panels do not fade in the sun;
• installation of panels is possible on any type of foundation;
• Replacing parts will not cause unnecessary trouble.

Disadvantages include:

• installation will take a lot of time and effort;
• the cost of finishing materials is higher due to the installation of additional elements (frame, slats);
• the material is highly flammable.

The façade should be covered with siding after:

• installation of sheathing;
• perform high-quality sealing of all connections;
• perform and take into account the dimensions of the gaps.

For your information. IN Lately Manufacturers began to produce brick-like panels. This finish looks very beautiful and original. The product resembles a stone, sometimes it is even difficult to distinguish it. This similarity is achieved by the fact that during the production of siding panels, a cast is made that clearly conveys the entire structure and roughness of the stone. The photo shows a panel element made from rubble stone.

Facade finishing using stone

Facing the foundation of a house with artificial stone is optimal and inexpensive option. The tiled facade of the house has the following advantages:

• a large selection of shapes, textures and color palettes of the product;
• high strength of the product;
• long service life;
• easy to repair;
• easy installation.

Disadvantages of artificial stone:

• laying the material is possible only at positive temperatures;
• The work is quite labor-intensive and time-consuming.

Natural stone for cladding the façade will increase the cost of purchasing materials. It is worth noting that manufacturers have learned to produce artificial stone, the appearance of which is no different and completely resembles the structure of natural stone. The facade using it looks natural and natural. The photo shows a stone facade

Not everyone can do stone laying on their own. As a rule, specialists are hired for such work.

Using clinker tiles

Cladding the base with clinker tiles will cost almost the same as brickwork. This material has a number of advantages:

• the manufacturer produces ready-made corners, external and internal elements;
• products are easily fixed to the foundation;
• due to its light weight, the façade experiences little load;
• variety of decorative coatings;
• tiles do not require additional finishing;
• long service life;
• provides reliable protection to the foundation;
• The tiles are easy to clean when dirty;
• has high resistance to mechanical damage and shock;
• large selection of color palette.

For information! Clinker tiles can give an interesting appearance to the facade of a private house. If the products are installed correctly, it is difficult to distinguish it from natural stone.

It is worth noting that clinker tiles allow for additional decoration of walls and even corners of the building. The material matches perfectly with the tiles and gives the house an attractive appearance.

When installing it, use a special glue that is resistant to freezing. The tiles are glued like regular tiles, the only thing is that there is a small nuance: the ground level is variable along the entire perimeter of the building. Before installation, it is necessary to seal the seams with jointing mortar.

The photo shows the façade, finished with clinker tiles

For information! Clinker tiles combine well and get along with other building materials.

Corrugated sheet

The most economical option For cladding the façade of a building, corrugated sheeting is used. To perform the work, galvanized or polymer-coated products are used. Such cladding reliably protects the foundation from destruction and has a long service life.

The surface of the material is resistant to corrosion processes. To attach the corrugated sheeting you will need waterproofing, thermal insulation and fasteners. The end result is quite attractive. The photo shows a house covered with corrugated sheets

Low tide device

The device of ebb tides can reliably protect the protruding part of the foundation from moisture and water. Castings are made from different materials:

• metal castings are made of galvanized steel, onto the surface of which they apply polymer coating, which prevents products from corrosion;
• aluminum products are made from sheet copper, this is a fairly expensive product that will be an excellent addition to the copper roof of the building;
• plastic ebbs are the cheapest material, which have a short service life; most often, plastic ebbs are used in combination with PVC siding;
• the ebb made of profile ceramic blocks will become good addition and protection for brick or clinker tiles on the facade of the building.

As we see, there is a large number of options for covering the basement of a house. The choice of material directly depends on the financial capabilities and features of the private house project.

Any homeowner sooner or later is faced with the fact that it is time to repair or simply improve the building of their home or office. When choosing materials for the facade and roof, we must not forget about this important element buildings, like a basement. Its finishing needs to be taken care of separately, but naturally, it should be combined with the overall appearance, style and materials. There can be several options for installing a plinth: flush with the wall of the building, protruding and recessed - the choice of finishing material and application technology will also depend on its original structure.

Base finishing options

Today, construction companies performing turnkey repairs offer several options for finishing the base:

• plaster,
• mosaic plaster,
• brick,
• clinker tiles,
• natural stone
• artificial stone,
• professional sheet

Now let’s figure out how to choose the cladding for the plinth and what each of the materials is.

Naturally, such a ubiquitous material as plaster cannot but be used in finishing the basement sections of the facade. A plastered plinth will look beautiful and stylish if you choose the right type of material that successfully complements the style of the building, and, of course, its application is done well.

This material is strong enough to provide external protection to the building. But, it is clear that it will not be able to compete with stone or siding trim in terms of durability. However, it is worth noting that in conditions of high atmospheric humidity, exposure ultraviolet rays and chemical corrosion, plaster, as a finishing material, has shown itself to be quite worthy. And as for the breadth of assortment, plaster will probably be the first among all other finishes.

The variety of types, textures and shades suitable for finishing the base is simply amazing. Any hardware store has at least the most common ones on its shelves:

• structural,

You can use classic textures, or you can add a little bit of your imagination to the finishing and get a unique, original design. As for shades, in addition to the available dyes - there is also a huge selection of them, you can order professional tinting in exactly the shade you dream of.

Recently, plastering the base “like a stone” has been gaining popularity. This is natural - the craze for finishing with stone, natural or artificial, has led to all sorts of ways to reduce the cost and simplify finishing work.

It goes without saying that imitating stone with plaster is much more economical and faster than laying natural stone.

The most common types of stone design plaster are imitation marble, granite or sandstone. Latex-based plasters can additionally provide an “antique” effect - cracked stone. In the same way, you can create visual analogues of other materials - wood, timber, pebbles and many others.

The advantages of plaster as a finishing material for cladding the base are obvious:

1. Easy to apply. Even textured ones decorative plasters quite capable of applying it yourself, without having any special skills in construction work.
2. There is no need to use special construction tools or equipment. Plasters are sold both in dry form, where you just need to add water and stir the solution, and in the form of a ready-to-use mixture.
3. The widest range of colors, textures, application options– all the types of plasters and designs that can be obtained with their help are even difficult to describe in one article.
4. Plaster is easy to adjust or fix. Perhaps this is one of the easiest materials to repair. Moreover, you can do this, again, with your own hands.
5. Well, and undoubtedly, the advantage is price of this material.

In addition to its advantages, plaster also has understandable disadvantages. Among them it is worth noting:

1. Not particularly high coating strength. Yes, this material can protect against external influences, however, it is significantly inferior to others possible options finishes that are much more reliable.
2. Not durable. No matter how competently the plaster is done, even if the application technology is strictly followed, the plastered surface will not last as long as marble, and this should not be expected.

Plaster, despite its significant shortcomings, has been used for a long time to finish the basement of buildings; it looks beautiful and harmoniously combines with other finishing materials. And given its low cost, it can be updated as it wears out.

The material itself, mosaic plaster, is, roughly speaking, a mixture of crumbs and resin. Modern plasters are produced using acrylic resin, which has wonderful plastic and strength characteristics. This makes mosaic plaster not only beautiful, but also a durable material for finishing the basement of a house.

The crumb can be of different sizes. There are three types of fraction sizes: small, medium and large. Which one to choose is determined by the buyer at his own discretion and based on the overall design of the building’s decoration.

Before finishing, the base is also prepared in the standard way: cleaning from dust, priming. If there are no too noticeable irregularities, then there is no need to level them - plaster will do this.

Mosaic plaster is sold in a ready-to-use form. It is usually packaged in plastic buckets of various sizes. The mixture has the desired consistency and shade. When purchasing material, always try to calculate the required quantity as accurately as possible and provide a small reserve. Pay attention to the batch number and production date - different batches may have different colors, which will be very noticeable on the finished base.

There is nothing complicated in applying plaster; even people who do not have finishing skills can cope with this task. Plaster is usually applied with a metal float; it is important to maintain the thickness of the layer and apply the material in one direction so that strokes are not noticeable.

If you decide to entrust the finishing to professionals, they will most likely prefer an automated application method - by spraying. Application this way is much faster and easier, but, naturally, not everyone has a sprayer.

Mosaic plaster can last for a long time without changing its appearance. This is a beautiful, durable and comfortable finish for a plinth. It does not require any maintenance and retains its appearance throughout the entire period of use.

Without unnecessary exaggeration, this is the most common type of basement finishing for residential buildings.

1. Firstly, a brick base is durable, beautiful and goes well with other materials.
2. Secondly, which is important for home craftsmen, it is quite possible to do it with your own hands.
3. Well, thirdly, brick is probably one of the most low-maintenance building materials, therefore, having completed high-quality finishing just once, you can confidently expect it to last for many years.

As a last resort, if some part of the masonry becomes unusable, it can be partially replaced and general form will not suffer from this.

The brick base is frost-resistant and at the same time, it is not afraid of the scorching rays of the sun. This is also an undoubted advantage of the material and makes it accessible to any region of our country.

Also, due to the growing demand for environmentally friendly materials, it should be noted that brick is just one of them - it is completely harmless to human health and the environment. Modern brick manufacturers can boast of decent equipment and high-quality materials. On the shelves of construction hypermarkets you can find many varieties of bricks - for every taste and imagination of the buyer.

The last priority advantage of the brick finishing of the plinth is its low cost - compared to other materials, this is perhaps the most budget-friendly, but at the same time its appearance is not inferior to others.

Finishing the base with clinker tiles is visually no different from finishing with brick. But, of course, much cheaper and easier to implement.

Before finishing work begins, the base of the plinth must be thoroughly cleaned of dust and dirt; if this is not done, the adhesive mixture will be unevenly applied, which may cause the tiles to fall off. The base on which the clinker tiles will be laid must be smooth and strong - if there are cracks or damage on it, they must be repaired in advance, the same applies to uneven surfaces - they must be leveled, otherwise the tiles simply cannot be laid in an even layer. Immediately before starting installation, it is advisable to prime the base well with a special solution - primer. This will reduce glue consumption and improve its adhesive properties.

The tiles must be laid strictly according to the level, otherwise the rows may not be even, which will be visually very noticeable and will require labor-intensive rework. They always start from the bottom row, and only after laying it along the entire perimeter of the building do they begin the next one - and so on.

A steel float is perfect for gluing tiles. His smooth side Apply glue to the base, and then run the side with the teeth over the solution - this way you get required thickness for gluing tiles, and relief surface, will allow the tile to adhere more firmly to the wall.

The last stage is grouting the joints between the tiles. The grout must be selected in accordance with the parameters of use, namely: resistant to moisture and temperature changes. Such a product will not be cheap, however, its effectiveness will pay off in the very first winter.

Clinker tiles are often used to finish the base precisely because of their great similarity to brickwork. It can also be used either fully or partially - to finish only the base, the corners of the building, or to highlight any elements of the building.

Cladding the base with natural stone

Of course: beautiful, expensive, natural. It is impossible to argue with the statement that a plinth made of natural stone looks very elegant and can complement, or even decorate, the overall appearance of the facade.

When planning stone finishing, be sure to pay attention to its quality - the durability and strength of the base will depend on this.

In this case, several types of stone can be used:

1. River stone. Not only does it have a beautiful appearance, but it will also perform well when interacting with atmospheric phenomena. River and sea natural stone contains a large amount of mineral salts, which makes it practically invulnerable to precipitation, snow or ice.
2. Limestone. The stone is quite durable and at the same time, not particularly expensive.
3. Marble. Naturally, this is a very expensive pleasure, but if you consider how durable and resistant the material is to any type of impact - both mechanical and atmospheric - then its wave quality justifies its cost. Moreover, you won’t need much of it to finish the base.

Whatever type of stone you use, you can immediately highlight the advantages of this finish:

1. Naturalness. Accordingly, it is completely environmentally friendly pure material, safe for health.
2. Durability. Stone finishing can maintain its appearance for centuries. This is especially true for marble, river or sea stone.
3. Unique design– nature itself did its best by painting the stones; their unique texture and coloring are certainly capable of decorating any construction site. By finishing the base with natural stone, you will provide the building with a spectacular appearance.

The advantages of natural stone are obvious even to an amateur in construction work, however, it also has disadvantages, which you also need to be aware of when planning the finishing of the base.

1. Finishing the base with natural stone must be done after the house has completely settled. Since, as already mentioned, stone is one of the most durable materials, it is not able to undergo virtually any surface tension. Hence the simple conclusion - finishing the base with natural stone will be done correctly only after the building has completely settled. Naturally, this is impossible for a new building - since shrinkage can occur over a long period of time - here everything will depend on the type of soil and the building itself. Otherwise, as it settles, the base, finished with natural stone, will develop unsightly cracks, and the material may spontaneously fall off.
2. The second important drawback also follows smoothly from the advantage of the stone - its weight. Anyone can understand that a plinth made of natural stone is not only beautiful and durable, but also very heavy. And not every facade can safely withstand such weight. Professional construction companies, when planning the installation of a stone plinth, always calculate the strength characteristics of the building and its ability to withstand such loads.
3. The third disadvantage will simply be the cost of this natural material , especially with regard to marble, river or sea stone - these varieties, unfortunately, are expensive, and not every homeowner can afford them.

Natural stone is not only a strong and durable finish, it is beautiful, elegant and expensive - both in the literal, financial sense, and in the figurative - visual sense. Of course, it makes no sense to combine such material with frankly cheap wall decoration - stone is quite demanding in terms of the overall finishing concept.

Finishing the basement of a house with artificial stone

Naturally, given the high cost of natural stone, the construction market has found a way out for more economical buyers. In this case, it is an artificial stone. In appearance, it is almost completely identical to natural stone - it can repeat the texture of the stone, even taking into account its variety - river, sea, marble, and so on.

Thanks to the progress that has made great strides in the construction industry, artificial stone made from concrete, with the help of special dyes, acquires a color similar to natural stone.

Artificial stone is sold in various sizes - you can choose large or small stones, depending on the design project of the building and your taste. You can choose stones correct form or shapeless. In any case, when choosing an artificial stone, you need to pay attention to its quality - the material must be made carefully and be as similar as possible to its natural counterpart.

The artificial stone is laid on a regular or special adhesive solution, having previously cleaned the base from dirt. The seams are filled with mortar and jointed, like brickwork.

The main advantage of artificial stone is that its cost is several times lower than that of natural stone. Externally, it looks impressive, considering a large assortment colors, textures and shapes, but the price is at least three times lower.

However, this material also has significant drawback– its low durability compared to natural stone. In order to somehow increase the resource of finishing with artificial stone and extend its presentation, after it has been laid and fully secured, the finished base is treated with special strengthening solutions - this event allows you to extend the life of the finish by four to five years.

Currently, perhaps, one of the most common finishes is both for the walls of the house and its base. Such popularity is ensured by the availability of the material, its widest range - in construction hypermarkets, siding panels are presented in huge quantities, their color and texture can satisfy the most demanding customers.

Siding has long been widely used in European countries for finishing buildings, and in recent years it has flooded our market. The demand for this material in the coming decades is due to its clear advantages over others:

1. Siding is the easiest material to repair. That is, if suddenly there is a need to replace some part of the area finished with siding, then doing this is not problematic - the main thing is to have the same material - from the same batch as the one being replaced. The best solution here is to simply buy a little more of it, so that you then have something to replace it with.
2. The material is very light weight. When planning its installation, you do not need to calculate the load on the foundation, since it is completely insignificant. Siding can be used for finishing without thinking about the strength of the walls of the building as a whole.
3. To install siding, a simple design is required– it’s easy to do, and the most interesting thing is that, using such a frame, you can lay insulation inside, significantly reducing the heat loss of the building. A device of this design allows the use different kinds insulation materials - from elementary to the most modern, and in such a way that it will not be visually noticeable in its finished form.
4. Siding has excellent performance properties : it calmly withstands any atmospheric conditions - precipitation, wind, frost and high temperature without changing its properties or appearance. Some sellers of construction hypermarkets dissuade buyers from siding, citing the fact that, when exposed to direct sunlight, the colored types of this material can fade. Actually this is not true. Only low quality material or materials not intended for use in such conditions can fade in the sun.
5. A variety of textures and shades of siding. Of course, one cannot fail to note the variety of textures and shades of siding presented on the shelves of modern stores. Manufacturers produce siding that imitates stone, boards, or any natural materials; its shade can be very diverse. This is exactly the type of material that can be easily matched to absolutely any façade style.
6. Easy care. Elementary simple care of the finished finish is also an important advantage. Don't need any special means and events - siding is easily cleaned of dust and dirt with ordinary water.
7. Ease of installation. Finally, for handymen, the most important advantage of this material will be ease of installation. It is quite possible to install siding yourself, having only superficial knowledge of construction or finishing work.

For all its undeniable advantages, siding, like any other material, cannot but have disadvantages. They are:

1. Weak strength against mechanical damage. Unfortunately, such a convenient material in every sense can be easily damaged even without hitting it particularly hard. This is especially true in the case of finishing the base - since it is precisely in the area of ​​the most frequent mechanical damage.
2. When installing siding panels, it is necessary to take into account that the seams between them are rubbed with a special compound– this will make them invisible.
3. By itself, siding is a thin and cold material. That is, if you do not plan to use it for it, think carefully about whether you will get a warm enough building after the renovation.

Despite its shortcomings, siding continues to be a popular finishing material today. It is used in a variety of cases, including for finishing the base - this option goes well with siding finishing the entire facade, as well as with other types.

A convenient and practical material for finishing many construction projects, including the basement of a house. As you know, the base must be protected as reliably as possible from moisture, precipitation, sunlight and similar natural influences. - metal shaped sheet, thickness from 0.5 to 0.9 mm - excellent for installing such protection.

Profiled sheets can be offered for sale in various options in width, the height is usually two meters. To finish the base, as a rule, an ordinary wall corrugated sheet is used; it is designated PS-8, PS-10, S-8 and S-10. You should also pay attention to the color options; this material is presented in about fifty shades.

But it is worth considering that different manufacturers paint their products differently, therefore, you need to buy this material at a time, from one batch - otherwise, there may be problems with the different colors of the finished finish.

The corrugated appearance of the corrugated sheet can be used as a design move by placing the sheet both vertically and horizontally and even diagonally to the main facade of the building.

Since the corrugated sheet is attached to a specially constructed frame made of a U-shaped profile, it is usually used in some form to increase the thermal insulation characteristics of the building.

Among the obvious advantages of profiled sheets, the following should be noted:

1. Good strength characteristics. Metal sheet is reliable and dignified, you don’t have to worry about atmospheric phenomena.
2. Quite an interesting look– the main thing is to successfully select the remaining finishing materials, harmoniously combining the corrugated sheet with the appearance of the entire building as a whole.
3. Resistant to corrosion– does not rust, since the corrugated sheet is sold painted or galvanized.
4. Fairly affordable price.

The disadvantages of the profiled sheet are:

1. Low heat resistance. The corrugated sheet itself is cold and without a special insulation system, it is not advisable to use it.
2. Not suitable for every building style. Profiled sheet is, one might say, a minimalist design that needs to be carefully combined with other materials.

Profiled sheet – modern and original way There are not many types of finishing for the base, but still, from the range of colors available, you can choose exactly what you need. As for durability and strength, its properties are excellent.

The finish for the plinth must first of all be durable, so it is worth choosing a material that will be reliable and durable, while taking into account the current climatic operating conditions. Secondly, the basement decoration decides a lot in the overall appearance of the building; an incorrectly selected color or texture can visually ruin the rest of the façade.

Therefore, it is important to consider the compatibility of the material for finishing the plinth with shared house. Both shades and relief are important here - they should harmonize or be contrasting. A small but significant factor is also the style of the building. If this is a classic, then there is no need to decorate the base with colored corrugated sheets, and if we are talking about asceticism, then natural granite would be inappropriate here. These are, of course, more subtle nuances, but it is also advisable to pay attention to them, showing a sense of taste and proportion properly.

Currently, the construction market is so diverse that there is plenty to choose from. The most available various materials, and in your own way appearance, both in terms of characteristics and cost. The choice is yours!