Bricks and stones ceramic technical specifications. GOST brick and stone ceramic technical specifications
GOST 530-2012
INTERSTATE STANDARD
CERAMIC BRICKS AND STONES
Are common technical specifications
Ceramic brick and stone. General specifications
MKS 91.100.15 91.100.25
Date of introduction 2013-07-01
Preface
The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 "Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and GOST 1.2-2009 "Interstate standardization system. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for development, adoption, application, renewal and cancellation"
Standard information
1 DEVELOPED by the Association of Ceramic Materials Manufacturers (APKM), Limited Liability Company "VNIISTROM "Scientific Center of Ceramics" (LLC "VNIISTROM "NCC")
2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 "Construction"
3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Conformity Assessment in Construction (Addendum 1 to Appendix B of Protocol No. 40 of June 4, 2012
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Federation |
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Abbreviated name of the national construction management body
State Committee for Urban Planning and Architecture
Ministry of Urban Development
Agency for Construction and Housing and Communal Services
Gosstroy
Ministry of Construction and Regional Development
Ministry of Regional Development
Agency for Construction and Architecture under the Government
4 This standard conforms to the main provisions of the following European regional standards*:
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* Access to international and foreign documents mentioned here
EN 771-1:2003 Definitions concerning wall stones - Part 1: Brick
concerning wall stones. Part 1: Brick) in terms of requirements for average density, voids, thermal properties, rate of initial water absorption, acid resistance;
EN 772-1:2000 Methods of test for masonry units - Part 1: Determination of compressive strength;
EN 772-9:1998 Methods of test for masonry units - Part 9: Determination of volume and percentage of voids and net volume of and calcium silicate masonry units by sand filling voids, net volume of ceramic bricks and silicate blocks by filling with sand);
EN 772-11:2000 Methods of test for masonry units - Part 11: Determination of water absorption of aggregate concrete, autoclaved aerated concrete, manufactured stone and natural stone masonry units due to capillary action and the initial rate of water absorption of clay masonry units (Test methods for building blocks. Part 11. Determination of capillary water absorption of building blocks made of autoclaved concrete cellular concrete, artificial and natural stone, initial water absorption of ceramic bricks) regarding the method for determining the rate of initial water absorption.
Transfer from in English(en).
Level of conformity - nonequivalent (NEQ)
5 By order of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology dated December 27, 2012 N 2148-st interstate standard GOST 530-2012 entered into force as a national standard of the Russian Federation on July 1, 2013.
6 INSTEAD GOST 530-2007
Information on the entry into force (termination) of this standard is published in the monthly published information index "National Standards".
Information about changes to this standard is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". In case of revision or cancellation of this standard, the relevant information will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards"
1 area of use
This standard applies to ceramic bricks and stones (hereinafter referred to as products) used for masonry and cladding of load-bearing, self-supporting and non-load-bearing walls and other elements of buildings and structures, as well as clinker bricks used for laying foundations, vaults, walls subject to heavy loads, and bricks for external masonry chimneys, industrial and household furnaces.
This standard establishes technical requirements, acceptance rules, and test methods for products.
This standard does not apply to bricks for paving roads, bricks for laying the inner surface of chimneys and industrial furnaces, fire-resistant and acid-resistant bricks.
This standard uses normative references to the following interstate standards:
GOST 166-89 (ISO 3599-76) Calipers. Technical specifications GOST 427-75 Metal measuring rulers. Technical
conditions GOST 473.1-81 Chemical-resistant and heat-resistant ceramic products.
Method for determining acid resistance GOST 3749-77 Test squares 90°. Specifications
GOST 7025-91 Ceramic and silicate bricks and stones. Methods for determining water absorption, density and frost resistance control
GOST 8462-85 Wall materials. Methods for determining compressive and bending strengths
GOST 14192-96 Marking of goods GOST 18343-80 Pallets for bricks and ceramic stones. Technical
conditions GOST 25706-83 Magnifiers. Types, basic parameters. General technical
requirements of GOST 26254-84 Buildings and structures. Methods for determining resistance
heat transfer of enclosing structures GOST 30108-94 Construction materials and products. Definition
specific effective activity of natural radionuclides GOST 30244-94 Construction materials. Test methods for
flammability Note - When using this standard, it is advisable
check the validity of reference standards on the territory of the state according to the corresponding index of standards compiled as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding information indexes published in the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard you should be guided by the replacing (changed) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference is made to it is applied in the part that does not affect this reference.
3 Terms and definitions
The following terms with corresponding definitions are used in this standard:
3.1 brick: Ceramic piece product intended for laying masonry on mortars.
3. 2 normal format bricks (single): Product in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped with nominal dimensions 250 120 65 mm.
3. 3 stone: Large-format hollow ceramic product with a nominal thickness of 140 mm or more, intended for masonry.
3.4 solid brick: A product in which there are no voids or with a void content of no more than 13%.
3.5 hollow brick: A product that has voids of various shapes and sizes.
3.6 shaped brick: A product having a shape different from that of a rectangular parallelepiped.
3.7 additional element: A specially shaped product designed to complete masonry.
3.8 clinker brick: A product with high strength and low water absorption, providing performance characteristics masonry in a highly aggressive environment and serving as a decorative material.
3. 9 facing brick: A product that provides the performance characteristics of masonry and performs the functions of a decorative material.
3. 1 0 ordinary brick: A product that ensures the performance characteristics of masonry.
3. 11 stone with tongue-and-groove system: A product with protrusions on vertical edges for tongue-and-groove joining of stones in masonry without the use of masonry mortar in vertical joints.
3.12 working size (width) of the stone: The size of the product between smooth vertical edges (without protrusions for tongue-and-groove joints), which forms the thickness of the wall when laid in one stone.
3. 1 3 non-working size (length) of the stone: The size of the product between the vertical edges with protrusions for a tongue-and-groove connection, which forms the length of the wall during laying.
3.14 bed: The working edge of the product, located parallel to the base of the masonry (see Figure 1).
Figure 1 - Fragment of masonry
1 - width; 2 - length; 3 - thickness; 4 - spoons; 5 - bed; 6 - poke
Figure 1 - Fragment of masonry
3.15 spoons: The largest edge of the product, located perpendicular to the bed (see Figure 1).
3.16 poke: The smallest edge of the product, located perpendicular to the bed (see Figure 1).
3.17 voidness: The proportion of voids in the volume of a product, expressed as a percentage.
3.18 crack: Rupture of a product without breaking it into pieces, with an opening width of more than 0.5 mm.
3.19 through crack: A crack passing through the entire thickness of the product, extending more than half the width of the product.
3.20 notching: A crack with an opening width of no more than 0.5 mm.
3.21 broken: Mechanical damage to the edge, edge, corner of the product.
3.22 chipping: A defect in a product caused by the presence of carbonate or other inclusions (see Appendix B).
3.23 peeling: Destruction of a product in the form of detachment of thin plates from its surface (see Appendix B).
3. 2 4 spalling: Shedding of fragments of the surface of the product (see Appendix B).
3.25 cracking: The appearance or increase in the size of a crack after exposure to alternating temperatures (see Appendix B).
3.26 half: Two parts of a product formed when it is split. Products that have through cracks are classified as half.
3.27 contact patch: An area of the surface of a product that is different in color, which appears during the drying or firing process and does not affect the characteristics of the product.
3. 2 8 efflorescence: Water-soluble salts that come out on the surface of a fired product upon contact with moisture.
3 . 2 9 black core: An area inside a product caused by the formation of iron (II) oxide during the firing process of the product.
3 . 3 0 unprotected masonry: Masonry that is not protected from external atmospheric influences and water penetration under operating conditions.
3.31 protected masonry: Masonry protected from water penetration (internal wall, inner part double layer wall, outer wall, protected by a layer of plaster or cladding) under operating conditions.
3.32 masonry in a highly aggressive environment: Masonry subjected to constant saturation with water under operating conditions as a result of exposure to a combination of unfavorable natural and (or) artificial factors (ground or waste water, climatic conditions) and at the same time frequent freezing and thawing in the absence of effective protection.
3.33 masonry in a moderately aggressive environment: Masonry that is subject to periodic exposure to moisture and alternate freezing and thawing under operating conditions, but is not masonry in a highly aggressive environment.
3.34 masonry in a non-aggressive environment: Masonry that is not exposed to moisture and alternating freezing and thawing under operating conditions.
4 Classification, main dimensions and symbols
4.1 Classification
4.1.1 Products are divided into ordinary and facial. Stone with tongue-and-groove and tongue-and-groove joints can only be ordinary.
4.1.2 Brick is made solid and hollow, stone - only hollow. The stone can be made with flat vertical edges, with protrusions for tongue-and-groove joints on the vertical edges, with an unpolished or polished supporting surface (bed).
Voids in products can be located perpendicular (vertical) or parallel to the bed (horizontal).
4.1.3 Based on strength, bricks are divided into grades M100, M125, M150, M175,
M200, M250, M300; clinker brick - M300, M400, M500, M600, M800, M1000; stones - M25, M35, M50, M75, M100, M125, M150, M175, M200, M250, M300; brick and stone with horizontal voids - M25, M35, M50, M75, M100.
4.1.4 According to frost resistance, products are divided into brands F25, F35, F50, F75, F100, F200, F300.
4.1.5 Based on average density, products are divided into classes 0.7; 0.8; 1.0; 1.2; 1.4; 2.0; 2.4.
4.1.6 According to thermal characteristics, products, depending on the average density class, are divided into groups in accordance with Table 1. Table 1 - Product groups according to thermal characteristics
Medium density class |
Group of products for thermal engineering |
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characteristics |
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High efficiency |
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Effective |
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Conditionally effective |
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Ineffective (ordinary) |
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4.2 Main dimensions
4.2.1 Products are manufactured with nominal dimensions given in tables 2 and 3.
Table 2 - Nominal dimensions of bricks
In millimeters
Product type |
Designation |
Nominal sizes |
Designation |
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horizontal |
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voids |
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Table 3 - Nominal dimensions of the stone
In millimeters
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Length or |
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non-working |
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Today in the field of construction, materials such as ceramic brick. Clay and some additives are used as raw materials for its production. After molding, the product is subjected to a procedure such as annealing in special furnaces.
The reason for such a high popularity of this product is that it is durable, can be used even when laying stoves and fireplaces, has an acceptable cost and attractive appearance. In addition, such material can be used not only for the construction of external walls, but also internal ones.
Before considering the technological properties of ceramic stone, it is necessary to understand the methods of its production. In this case, the manufacturer uses the following production options:
- Plastic way. It involves obtaining a ceramic product of plastic formation. During the production of such a product, clay is used, the moisture level of which should not be higher than 17-30%. The process of extrusion into molds occurs using special equipment, and the molds are sent to a belt press. Upon completion of pressing ready product sent to the kiln for further firing. The resulting product by this method is called ceramic, plastic molding.
- Semi-dry method. In this case, the formation of the raw material is carried out under pressure. Ordinary clay is used as a raw material, and its humidity should not be higher than 8-10%. The product obtained during manufacturing is called semi-dry pressed brick.
Kinds
Taking into account the dimensions, the presented product can be manufactured in the following types:
Ceramic is also distinguished by the presence of voids:
According to thermal technical indicators, ceramic can be:
- effective,
- ordinary.
Where can it be used? You can use facing stone for finishing inside and outside the house. This product is characterized by high levels of strength and reliability. It retains its original appearance for a long time.
Price
When you come to the store to buy a ceramic product, you must understand that the price of the product depends on its dimensions, the presence of voids and technical properties. Taking these indicators into account, we can highlight the average cost of ceramic bricks, which is 8-18 rubles per piece.
You can find out what the standard size of sand-lime brick is.
Ceramic brick is a very popular building material, which today can be used in the construction of the most various designs. The choice of this material should take into account the available variety of products, their technical characteristics and sizes. A house built from this material will serve you for a long time.
Clay brick has always been and remains today one of the most popular structural and finishing materials. This material is truly universal: it can be used to build walls of any shape, including round ones.
Thanks to existing masonry technologies, they can be made insulated, monolithic, used for exterior facade finishing, or interior decor. What are the requirements of GOST for facing ceramic bricks? And what types of clay bricks exist?
The instructions and video in this article will tell you about this.
All types of ceramic bricks, both construction and facing, are produced according to the same standard - its name is indicated in the title. It also applies to clinker bricks, despite the fact that the technology for its production has significant differences.
- The unsurpassed strength characteristics of this material allow it to be used where heavy loads are expected. Naturally, these are foundations and load-bearing walls, as well as arched vaults, and chimneys: both domestic and industrial. So, it is not surprising that its price is much higher.
- It should be immediately noted that this standard does not apply to special types of bricks, which include acid-resistant and fireclay (fire-resistant) bricks, as well as ceramic stones for paving roads.
Terms and Definitions
Brick, as such, is a piece of ceramic product used for laying on mortar. If we talk about a single brick of a normal format, then it can be characterized as follows: this is a product that has the shape of a parallelepiped with right angles, and the following dimensions: length 250 mm; width 120 mm; height 65 mm.
To familiarize the reader with the appearance of the products, as well as with the terms used in construction when it comes to brick and masonry, we offer a short overview in the form of a table:
| Appearance and name of brick | Definition of the term |
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Ordinary building brick with normal dimensions and without voids. The cost of this material is the most affordable, since it is not decorated in any way. For building walls with your own hands, this is the most commonly purchased type of brick. |
| There are either no voids in it completely, or their number does not exceed 13%. This is exactly the option you see in the presented photo. | |
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This type of brick has voids in its body various sizes and configurations. Moreover, voids can be through or non-through. |
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This product can have any shape other than a parallelepiped. |
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As already mentioned, this product has higher strength and low water absorption. Its excellent appearance allows it to be used as a decorative material, including in landscape design. Its dimensions correspond to the normal format building bricks. Clinker bricks can have any shapes and decorative surface treatments inherent in ordinary bricks. |
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Although this product is decorative material, according to its characteristics it should correspond to ordinary brick. That is, the facing brick provides the masonry with the required strength and at the same time decorates it. |
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A hollow ceramic product, different from bricks in large format, intended for laying walls. The nominal thickness of the ceramic stone must be at least 140 mm. |
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This type of product has protrusions and grooves on its vertical edges that allow their ends to be joined. This connection makes it possible not to use masonry mortar in vertical joints. By the way, stones with tongue-and-groove and tongue-and-groove joints cannot be faced. |
As can be seen from the table, the brick can be ordinary and facing, as well as solid and hollow. Voids can be located in the body of the brick not only vertically, but also longitudinally.
As for ceramic stone: in order to reduce weight, it is made only in a hollow version. The desire to avoid additional loads on the foundation is quite understandable.
Marking and basic requirements
Bricks are marked according to strength characteristics: from M100 to M300, 7 types in total.
The strength of clinker bricks from M300 is just beginning - products with maximum strength are marked M1000. The stones are marked similarly, but their strength level is lower than even that of ordinary brick: from M25 to M300.
- In addition to the normal format, bricks can have other sizes, which are regulated by standard 530.2012. There are only two length options: 250 mm and 288 mm. The width may differ from the nominal size of 120 mm, both smaller and larger: 60 mm; 85 mm and 138 mm. There are only three thickness options: 55 mm; 65 mm and 88 mm.
Ceramic blocks have a much more varied size range. The most popular stone size: 380*250*188 mm.
To complete the ceramic stone masonry, additional elements are also provided. Moreover, by agreement between the customer and the manufacturer, their sizes may differ from those specified in this standard.
Appearance of products
Naturally, the highest demands are placed on facing bricks. Firstly, it must have no less than two front faces: one longitudinal and one end.
And the method of finishing them is left to the manufacturer. This can be two-layer molding, glazing, textured shotcrete, engobing, or applying relief. In general, there are quite a lot of options.
- Ordinary bricks come in only two versions: with smooth surface, or relief applied to it. All products can have either a natural color or be dyed in their mass. As for the requirements for the appearance of ordinary and facing bricks, they also differ.
- For example, if for ordinary products a small percentage of defects in the form of cracks, broken edges, edges and corners is allowed, then for facing bricks this is completely unacceptable. The reasons for such strict requirements are clear, because the surface is not plastered.
- It remains to add that when designing objects where brick walls or walls are expected, the brand of products, as well as their density and frost resistance, must be specified in the working documentation.
- GOST for ceramic facing tiles, which often imitate brick, regulates the requirements for appearance even more strictly, especially when it comes to first-class products. The use of such tiles provides undeniable advantages.
- Firstly, it costs much less.
- Secondly, due to the light weight of the cladding, the load on the foundation is reduced. And if you need to veneer an old house with brick, it is, of course, better to do this with tiles. At the same time, the facade does not lose at all the individuality of the relief that the brick provides. You can easily verify this by looking at the photo above.
Conclusion
Brickwork is heavy and needs to be supported on a foundation. You have to dig it up and, if the width of the tape is not enough, top it up. All this additional expenses and labor costs – something that every customer strives to avoid.
Buying a brick is not difficult, but determining its quality Without special knowledge, not everyone can do it.
So that the buyer is confident in what he is purchasing quality products:safe, durable and suitable for construction,
many manufacturers certify it, although this is a completely optional procedure.
GOST or TU?
Certificate for technical specifications, confirming that no materials containing radioactive elements were used in the manufacture of bricks, and all material complies with sanitary and hygienic standards, can be obtained from Rospotrebnadzor.
But the presence of this document will not guarantee that the bricks will comply generally accepted standards, they may differ in size, percentage of materials in their composition, and this may affect on suitability for construction.
Each manufacturer has the right to issue your technical specifications, they are built according to a certain scheme:
These specifications may be completely different from each manufacturer, and to be sure that the purchased brick complies with generally accepted standards, you need to make sure that certificate according to GOST. GOST is the State Industry Standard; all requirements for the material are the same. In order to make sure that all bricks correspond to them, special laboratories carry out research, the results are recorded in the protocol. Based on their results, a certificate is issued, the validity of which is limited. for a period of up to 3 years.
note the fact that the quality certificate must indicate which GOST the brick corresponds to: the first numbers indicate which products are being certified. The following shows in which year the standards were adopted.
So, a building material with a certificate GOST 530-2012 belongs to ceramic bricks that meet the requirements adopted in 2012.
Ceramic brick: technical characteristics
Your action new GOST started in 2013, it applies to the following building materials:
- ceramic bricks and stones used for the construction and cladding of any walls;
- clinker brick for the construction of foundations and walls subject to significant loads;
- brick, which is intended for masonry stoves and chimneys.
In addition, current standards classify bricks according to different technical characteristics.
- By purpose: ordinary, used for rough construction of walls or facing. In this document there are no restrictions on the color and texture of stones.
- In the new GOST definition given solid, hollow bricks and additional elements.
- Ceramic brick GOST 530-2012 varies by compressive strength from M100 to M300, this is the ability to resist any load without destruction.
- Frost resistance denoted by F with a number indicating the number of cycles maintained from 25 to 300. But these indicators are not the limit; some manufacturers achieve values up to 1000.
- Defined in GOST density of each product. All bricks are divided into groups according to thermal characteristics: from high efficiency with a density of 0.7-0.8 to low-efficiency bricks with a density of 2.0-2.4.
- Dimensions are strictly defined, deviation from them is allowed only to a minimum, so the brick can be single with dimensions of 250x120x65 mm; “Euro” –250x85x65mm; thickened – 250x120x88; modular single – 250x138x65.
- Also given determining the sides of a brick: What is poke, spoon and pastel.
The interesting thing is that there are no distinctions by weight bricks according to GOST not provided, The mass of bricks can be absolutely any.
The appearance requirements stipulate that the color and type of the front edge can be any, the presence of defects should not exceed the specified values, so there should be no cracks at all on the facing bricks, and two cracks are allowed on the ordinary bricks.
Only an organization can issue a quality certificate according to GOST accredited by Gosstandart.
Price
Buying a brick will not cost no work, almost every region has a brick factory. This building material can be purchased either in large quantities or individually, in bulk purchases. shipping may be free.
The cost will vary greatly for different types of bricks, the front one will be more expensive than the ordinary one, the hollow one will be cheaper than the full-bodied one. And the price of a brick with a high grade is 20–30% more expensive than a brick with a low grade.
Profitable purchase double bricks for construction, since its consumption per 1 cubic meter. half as much, and the price is only 20% higher.
For the most ordinary full-bodied ceramic brick price per piece will be about 6 - 12 rubles, facing is more expensive - average cost 15 rubles, the most expensive is imported, the price ranges from 35 to 45 rubles per piece.
Let's look at prices by region.
Moscow and Moscow region:
- a full-bodied, single M200 costs approximately 15.5 rubles;
- the same with the M100 brand - 11 rubles;
- hollow, M125 – 7.30 rub.
Voronezh:
- the price of facing brick starts from 12.5 to 30 rubles;
- single full-bodied M125 – from 11.50 rubles;
- one and a half of the same brand - from 13 rubles.
INTERSTATE STANDARD
BRICKS AND STONES
CERAMIC
TECHNICAL CONDITIONS
Official publication
INTERSTATE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL COMMISSION
ON STANDARDIZATION AND TECHNICAL REGULATION
IN CONSTRUCTION (MNTKS)
Preface
1 DEVELOPED BY JSC VNIIstrom im. P. P. Budnikov with the participation of TsNIISK im. V. A. Kucherenko, NIISF and JSC "Voronezh Construction Materials" of the Russian Federation INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Construction of Russia 2 ACCEPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization and Technical Regulation in Construction (MNTKS) on April 19, 1995Voted for acceptance
3 ENTERED INTO EFFECT on July 1, 1996 as state standard Russian Federation by Decree of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated December 5, 1995 No. 18-1034 VZ AMEN GOST 53 0 -80
GOST 530-95
INTERSTATE STATE STANDARD OF THE RT
BRICKS AND CERAMIC STONES
Technical conditions
Ceramic bricks and stones.
_Date of introduction 199 6 - 07 -01
1 AREA OF USE
This standard applies to ceramic bricks and stones produced by semi-dry pressing or plastic molding from clayey and siliceous (tripod, diatomite) sedimentary rocks and industrial waste (coal mining and coal processing ash) and burned in furnaces. Brick and stones are used for laying stone and reinforced stone exterior and interior walls buildings and structures, as well as for laying solid brick foundations. The requirements set out in paragraphs 3.1-3.6, 4.2.1, 4.3, 4.4, 4.7, 4.8, sections 5 and 6 are mandatory. (Changed edition. Amendment No. 1)2 REGULATORY REFERENCES
This standard uses references to the following standards. GOST 162-90 Vernier depth gauges. Technical specifications GOST 427-75 Metal measuring rulers. Technical specifications GOST 3560-73 Steel packaging tape. Technical specifications GOST 3749-77 Test squares 90°. Technical specifications GOST 7025-91 Ceramic and silicate bricks and stones. Methods for determining water absorption, density and frost resistance control GOST 8462-85 Wall materials. Methods for determining compressive and bending strength GOST 10354-82 Polyethylene film. Technical conditions GOST 14192-96 Cargo marking GOST 15846-79 Products sent to the Far North and hard-to-reach areas. Packaging, labeling, transportation and storage GOST 18343-80 Pallets for bricks and ceramic stones. Technical specifications GOST 24816-81 Construction materials. Method for determining sorption humidity GOST 25951-83 Polyethylene shrink film. Technical specifications GOST 26254-84 Buildings and structures. Methods for determining the heat transfer resistance of enclosing structures GOST 30108-94 Construction materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides GOST 30244-94 Construction materials. Combustibility test methods (Changed edition. Amendment No. 1)3 MAIN PARAMETERS AND DIMENSIONS
3.1 Ceramic bricks and stones (hereinafter referred to as products) are made in the shape of a parallelepiped and, depending on the size, are divided into types indicated in Table 1. Table 1In millimeters
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Product type |
Nominal sizes according to |
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| Single brick | |||
| Thickened brick | |||
| Modular size single brick | |||
| Brick of modular sizes, thickened | |||
| Thickened brick with horizontal voids | |||
| Stone | |||
| Stone of modular sizes | |||
| Enlarged modular size stone | |||
| Enlarged stone | |||
| Enlarged stone with horizontal voids | |||
| Note - It is allowed, by agreement with the consumer, to produce enlarged stones in sizes: 380 180 138 380 255 188 380 250 138 | |||
Examples of symbols
Single solid ceramic brick, strength grade 100, frost resistance grade F15:Brick K - O 100/15/GOST 530-95
Ceramic hollow single brick, strength 150, frost resistance F15:
Brick KP - O 150/15/GOST 530-95
Ceramic hollow thickened brick, grade 125 for strength, frost resistance F25:
Brick KP - U 125/25/GOST 530-95
Ceramic stone grade of strength 100, frost resistance F15:
Stone K 100/15/GOST 530-95
Enlarged ceramic stone grade of strength 150, frost resistance F15:
Stone KUK 150/15/GOST 530-95
Ceramic stone of modular sizes, grade 175 for strength, frost resistance F15:
Stone KM 175/15/GOST 530-95
Enlarged ceramic stone with horizontal arrangement of voids, strength 50, frost resistance F15:
Stone KUG 50/15/GOST 530-95
Ceramic thickened brick with horizontal arrangement of voids, strength grade 100, frost resistance F15:
Brick KUG 100/15/GOST 530-95
(Changed edition. Amendment No. 1)
4 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1 Products must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to technological regulations approved by the manufacturer. 4.2 Characteristics 4.2.1 Appearance 4.2.1.1 The surface of the edges of the products must be flat, the edges must be straight. It is allowed to produce products with rounded vertical ribs with a radius of curvature of no more than 15 mm. According to the surface texture (spoon, butt), products can be smooth or grooved. 4.2.1.2 No defects are allowed on the product appearance, the dimensions and number of which exceed those indicated in Table 2. 4.2.1.3 Lime inclusions that cause destruction of surfaces and spalling more than 6 mm deep after steaming of products are not allowed. On the surface of the products, the presence of chips along the largest dimension from 3 to 6 mm with a number of no more than 3 pieces is allowed. (Changed edition. Amendment No. 1) 4.2.1.4 The amount of poultry in the batch should not be more than 5%. A brick that has one or more through cracks throughout the entire thickness of the brick with an extension over the width of the brick of more than 30 mm and located in the central part of the supporting surface is classified as half-baked (Changed edition. Amendment No. 1) 4.2.1.5 Delivery to the consumer of unburned and overburnt products is not allowed . Table 2 4.3 The grade of stone in terms of strength is established by the value of the ultimate compressive strength, and of brick - by the value of the ultimate strength in compression and bending, not less than those indicated in Table 3. (Changed edition. Amendment No. 1) 4. 4 Water absorption should not be less than 8% for solid bricks, less than 6% for hollow products. 4.5 The mass of bricks in a dried state should not be more than 4.3 kg, and stones - more than 16 kg. It is allowed, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, reflected in the supply contract, to produce enlarged stones weighing more than 16 kg. 4.6 Products are classified as non-flammable building materials according to GOST 30244. 4.7 Products intended for laying external walls of buildings and structures must be tested for thermal conductivity in accordance with 6.7. 4.8 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides (A eff) in products should not be more than 370 Bq/kg. If necessary, in national standards in force on the territory of the state, the value of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides can be changed within the limits specified above. (Changed edition. Amendment No. 1) 4.9 Requirements for raw materials and materials 4.9.1 Clay raw materials used for the manufacture of products must comply with the requirements of the current regulatory documents. Materials used for the manufacture of products must comply with the requirements of current regulatory and technical documents for these materials, as well as technological documentation and ensure the receipt of products of the specified technical characteristics.Table 3
In megapascals (kgf/cm2)
|
Tensile strength |
||||||||
|
when compressed |
when bending |
|||||||
|
all types of products |
solid brick plastic molding |
semi-dry pressed bricks And hollow brick |
thickened brick |
|||||
|
Average for 5 samples |
Least for individual sample |
Average for 5 samples |
Least for individual sample |
Average for 5 samples |
Least for individual sample |
Average for 5 samples |
Least for individual sample |
|
|
For bricks and stones with horizontal voids |
||||||||
| Note - The flexural strength is determined by the actual area of the brick without deducting the area of voids. | ||||||||
4.10 Marking 4.10.1 Products must be marked in each package, one in the middle row. 4.10.2 Indelible paint is applied to the bonded surface of the product using a stencil (stamp) or stamp imprint during the manufacturing process trademark manufacturer's company. 4.10.3 Each piece of cargo (package) must have transport markings in accordance with GOST 14192.
5 ACCEPTANCE RULES
5.1 Products must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer. 5.2 Products are accepted in batches. The batch volume is set at no more than the daily output of one furnace. 5.3 The batch must consist of products of the same type, of the same brand in terms of strength and frost resistance. 5.4 To check the compliance of products with the requirements of this standard, acceptance and periodic tests are carried out. Acceptance tests are carried out according to the following indicators: - appearance (presence of appearance defects); - size and correctness of shape; - weight of the product; - ultimate compressive strength of products; - bending strength limit for bricks. (Changed edition. Amendment No. 1) 5.5 Periodic tests are carried out at least once: - every two weeks - to determine the presence and weight of inclusions; - per month - to determine water absorption; - per quarter - to determine frost resistance; - per year - to determine Aeff in the event that there is no data from the supplier of raw materials on the value of Aeff in the supplied materials. Periodic tests for indicators of water absorption and frost resistance are also carried out each time when the raw materials and technology (composition of the charge, molding parameters, drying and firing modes) are changed, and for the presence of lime inclusions - when the content of carbonate inclusions changes in clay raw materials. Periodic tests to determine Aeff are also carried out each time the raw materials are changed. The thermal conductivity of products is determined when the product is put into production, as well as every time the raw materials, size and number of voids change. (Changed edition. Amendment No. 1) 5.6 For carrying out acceptance and periodic tests, products are selected by random sampling from different places in the batch in the quantity specified in 5.7 and 5.8. 5.7 Acceptance of products in terms of appearance for compliance with 4.2.1.1 - 4.2.1.2 is carried out visual inspection, and, if necessary, by measuring identified defects, using the sample size, acceptance and rejection numbers indicated in Table 4. Table 4 A batch is accepted if the number of defective products in the sample for the first stage is less than or equal to the acceptance number A c for the first stage of inspection. The batch is not accepted if the number of defective products is greater than or equal to the rejection number R c for the first stage of control. If the number of defective products in the sample for the first stage of control is greater than A c, but less than R c, proceed to the second stage control, for which a sample of the same volume is selected as in the first stage of control. A batch of products is accepted if total defective products in the first and second stage samples are less than or equal to A c. The batch is not accepted if the total number of defective products in the first and second stage samples is equal to or greater than Rc for the second stage of control. (Changed edition. Amendment No. 1) 5.8 To conduct acceptance and periodic tests, a number of samples are selected from a sample of products that meet the requirements of this standard in terms of appearance indicators in accordance with Table 5. Table 5 (Changed edition. Amendment No. 1) 5.9 If, when checking the size and correctness and shape of the products selected from the batch, there turns out to be one product that does not meet the requirements of the standard, the batch is accepted if two - the batch is not subject to acceptance. 5.10 If unsatisfactory results are obtained when testing products according to other indicators indicated in Table 5, repeat testing of products according to this indicator is carried out with twice the number of samples taken from this batch. A batch of products is accepted if the results of repeated tests satisfy the requirements of the standard; if they do not, the batch is not subject to acceptance. 5.11 Each batch of supplied products must be accompanied by a quality document, which indicates: - the name of the manufacturer and (or) its trademark; - name and symbol of the product; - number and date of issue of the document; - batch number and quantity of items shipped; - a mass of brick and stones; - water absorption; - brand of brick and stones for strength and frost resistance; - specific effective activity of natural radionuclides; - thermal conductivity of products; - designation of this standard. (Changed edition. Amendment No. 1) 5.12 When checking the compliance of brick and stone with the requirements of this standard, the consumer must apply the procedure given in 5.7 - 5.10 and the control methods established in Section 6. In arbitration cases, the control check should be carried out in the presence of representatives manufacturer. (Introduced additionally. Amendment No. 1)6 CONTROL METHODS
6 .1 Dimensions of products, thickness of outer walls, radius of rounding of corners, diameter of cylindrical voids, width of slot-like voids, length of cracks, length of broken and blunt parts of products are measured with an error of 1 mm with a metal ruler according to GOST 427. (Modified revision No. 1) 6 .2 To determine the length and width of products, measurements are taken in three places - along the ribs and the middle of the bed, the thickness of the products - in the middle of the butt and spoon. For products with rounded corners, measurements are taken at a distance of 15 mm from the ribs. Each measurement result is evaluated separately in accordance with 3.2. The depth of brokenness and bluntness of corners and ribs is measured with an error of 1 mm using a depth gauge according to GOST 162 or a square according to GOST 3749 and a ruler according to GOST 427 along the perpendicular from the top of the corner or edge formed by the square to the damaged surface. (Changed edition. Amendment No. 1) 6.3 Deviation from the perpendicularity of the faces is determined by applying a square to the adjacent faces in accordance with GOST 3749 and measuring with a feeler gauge or a depth gauge in accordance with GOST 162 the gap formed between the square and the edge of the adjacent faces. The result is taken highest value from all obtained measurement results. (Changed edition. Amendment No. 1) 6.4 The strength limit in compression of bricks and stones and in bending of brick is determined according to GOST 8462. 6.5 The presence of lime inclusions (dummies) is determined by steaming the products in a vessel. Samples that have not been exposed to moisture are placed on a grid placed in a vessel with a lid. Pour water under the grate and heat it to a boil. Boiling is continued for 1 hour. The samples are then cooled in this closed vessel for 4 hours, after which they are removed and checked for compliance with the requirements of 4.2.1.3. 6.6 Weight, average density, water absorption and frost resistance of products are determined according to GOST 7025. Water absorption is determined when the sample is saturated with water at a temperature of (20 ± 5) ° C at atmospheric pressure. The frost resistance grade of brick and stone is determined by the number of cycles of alternating freezing and thawing, during which no signs of visible damage appear on the product: peeling, delamination, cracking, spalling, as well as changes in appearance defects specified in 4.2.1.2 and 4.2.1.3 of this standard Spalling with a diameter of up to 3 mm, formed at the site of cutting bricks or due to hydration of lime, is not taken into account as signs of damage to the surface of the product when testing for frost resistance. In arbitration cases, the frost resistance of bricks should be assessed based on the loss of strength and weight. A brick is considered frost-resistant if the average loss of strength over five samples and the lowest value of the indicator for an individual sample, established in Table 3 for a given brand, is no more than 5%, and the average weight loss over five samples is no more than 3%. (Changed edition. Amendment No. 1) 6.7 The thermal conductivity of products is determined according to GOST 26254 in laboratory conditions in a climate chamber with automatic temperature maintenance in the cold and warm zones of minus (30 ± 1) ° C and plus (20 ± 1) ° C on the large and small fragments of the tent in accordance with 6.7.1 and 6.7.2. 6.7.1 Determination of thermal conductivity on a large fragment of a wall The thermal conductivity of products is determined on a fragment of a wall, the size of which, taking into account mortar joints, must correspond to: - in thickness (d) - based on the conditions of the presence of one butt joint and one spoon row of bricks or stones. For products with a horizontal arrangement of voids, the thickness fragment is made in two versions: the first - from a bonded row of products, the second - from a spoon row; - in length (l) and height (h) - not less than 4.5 d, but not less than 1810 mm. In the event that the height of the brick silt and masonry does not correspond to the established height of the wall fragment, the masonry fragment is supplemented from below and above with layers of masonry mortar, consisting of small brick chips and complex mortar in a ratio of 50 to 50% by volume. The wall fragment is laid with a single row chain ligation on a complex solution of grades and 50 of average density and 1800 g/m 3 composition 1:0, 9:8 (cement: lime: sand) by volume, on Portland cement grade 400 with a cone draft for the fullness of solid products of 12-13 cm, for hollow ones - 9 cm. The manufactured wall fragment is kept for a month in a room with an air temperature of 15-20 ° C and a relative humidity of 40-60%. A fragment of the masonry is installed in the climatic chamber and the gaps along the contour of the chamber are sealed thermal insulation mat serial. Five thermocouples are installed on the inner and outer surfaces of the wall fragment: three on the surfaces of the spoon and butt rows and two on the horizontal and vertical mortar joints. A heat flow converter (heat thermometer) is used with a square cross-section with a side equal to the sum of the height of one masonry element and the thickness of one mortar joint. The heat meter is installed in the center of the wall fragment on the inner surface of the masonry tray element, capturing half the thickness of the upper and lower mortar joints (Figure 1c). a - fragment of masonry; b - types of masonry in transverse axonometric section (single brick, thickened brick, stone)
c - location of the heat meter and thermocouples
1 - heat meter; 2 – thermocouple
Figure 1-Technical characteristics of a fragment of masonry
Tests are carried out under laboratory conditions in accordance with GOST 26254. For the heat meter and each thermocouple, the arithmetic mean value of the readings for the observation period (q i) and (t i) is determined, where e i - sensor number. Then the weighted average temperature value (t) is determined, taking into account the area of the tray and butt measured sections of the masonry, the vertical and horizontal sections of the mortar joints, according to formula (1) where F i is the area of the section, m2. The experimental value of the thermal conductivity of products in masonry in a state of actual humidity (l exp), W/(m × ° C), is calculated using formula (2) where q is the heat flux density, W/m2, determined by formula 5 GOST 26254; t in, t n - weighted average temperature of the internal and external surfaces of the wall fragment, respectively, ° C; d is the thickness of the wall fragment, m. The result is taken as the value of the thermal conductivity of the products in the masonry in a dry state, calculated by the formula e 
(3) where l 0 is the thermal conductivity of the parts in the masonry in a dry state, W/(m × ° C); W exp - the actual value of the moisture content of the material in the masonry in % by weight, determined according to GOST 24816; K is the coefficient of increment of the thermal conductivity value depending on the moisture content of the material, taken equal to: K = 0.09 - for products with an average density from 1200 to 1500 kg/m 3; K = 0.11 - for products with medium density St. 1500 to 1700 kg/m 3 ; K = 0.13 - for products with an average density of St. 1700 to 1900 k g/m3. For products with a horizontal arrangement of voids, the result is taken as the value of the thermal conductivity of the products in the masonry in a dry state, determined by formula (4) where e l T, l L is the value of the thermal conductivity of the spoon and butt row in the masonry in a dry state, W /(m × ° C). (Changed edition. Change No. 1) 6.7.2 Determination of thermal conductivity on a small fragment of a wall It is allowed to determine the thermal conductivity of products using the methods of the Research Institute of Building Physics a small fragment of a wall consisting of 12 bricks or stones. Before testing, the fragment is dried to a constant weight and covered with paraffin in order to protect it from moisture during the test. It is advisable not to dry the wall fragment to a constant mass, but to determine the moisture content of the material after the end of the test in accordance with GOST 24816; after the test, material samples are removed with a bolt from a fragment of the wall from the location of the heat meter. A fragment of the masonry is placed in the opening of a detachable security zone made of a material similar in thermophysical properties to the products being tested. The security zone, together with the fragment under study, is crimped with a fastening frame and installed in the wall that divides the climatic chamber into warm and cold zones. The heat flow converter (heat meter) and thermoelectric thermometers are installed in accordance with Figure 1. Tests are carried out in laboratory conditions in accordance with GOST 26254, the value of the heat flow density (q) is measured and temperature drops (t in - t n). The experimental value of thermal conductivity is calculated using formula (2), the thermal conductivity of products in a dry masonry is calculated using formula (3) of this standard. For products with horizontal voids, the result is taken to be the thermal conductivity value calculated using formula e (4) of this standard. 6.8 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides is determined according to GOST 30108 on products placed in bags or on pallets with cross-banding “on a die”. 6.9 Unburned and overburned products are determined by comparing bricks by color with samples - standards approved by the manufacturer in the prescribed manner. (Introduced additionally. Amendment No. 1)
7 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE
7.1 Transportation of products must be carried out using pallets of the “POD” type as packaging means in accordance with GOST 18343. Transportation of products by road transport by technological (rarefied) ) packages without pallets using fastening devices (removable and stationary) in vehicle bodies as packaging means. 7.2 Transportation of products by road, rail and by water transport must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documentation in force for each type of transport. 7.3 Transportation of products to the Far North and hard-to-reach areas is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 15846. 7.4 Loading and unloading of packages of products must be carried out mechanically using special load-handling devices. 7.5 Loading products in bulk (throwing) and unloading them by dumping are not allowed. 7.6 On pallets, products must be stacked in a “tree” or “on a flat” and “on an edge” with cross bandaging. The weight of one package should be no more than 0.85 tons. 7.7 Packages of bricks laid with cross-banding must be packed with metal tape in accordance with GOST 3560 or shrink film in accordance with GOST 25951, or stretch film in accordance with GOST 10354. 7.8 Products must be stored in bags on pallets according to GOST 18343 separately by brand and type in continuous single-tape stacks in one tier. It is allowed to install the package on top of each other no more than two tiers. 7.9 It is allowed to store products on level areas with a hard surface in single-belt stacks in packages without pallets.Polyethylene film. Specifications
GOST 14192-77 Marking of cargo
GOST 15846-79 Products sent to the Far North and hard-to-reach areas. Packaging, labeling, transportation and storage
GOST 18242-72 Statistical acceptance control based on an alternative criterion. Control plans
GOST 18343-80 Pallets for bricks and ceramic stones. Specifications
Table 1
in millimeters
| Product type | Nominal sizes according to | ||
| length | width | thickness | |
| Single brick | 250 | 120 | 65 |
| Thickened brick | 250 | 120 | 88 |
| Bricks of modular sizes single |
288 | 138 | 63 |
| Bricks of modular sizes thickened |
288 | 138 | 88 |
| Brick thickened with horizontal arrangement voids |
250 | 120 | 88 |
| Stone | 250 | 120 | 138 |
| Stone of modular sizes | 288 | 138 | 138 |
| Stone of modular sizes enlarged |
288 | 288 | 88 |
| Enlarged stone | 250 | 250 | 138 |
| 250 | 250 | 188 | |
| 180 | 250 | 138 | |
| Stone enlarged with horizontal arrangement voids |
250 | 250 | 120 |
| 250 | 200 | 80 | |
| Note. It is allowed to release by agreement with the consumer enlarged stones sizes: |
|||
| 380 | 180 | 138 | |
| 380 | 255 | 188 | |
| 380 | 250 | 138 | |
3.2. Maximum deviations from nominal dimensions in millimeters should not exceed:
For plastic molded products from loess, tripoli, diatomite
7 ..................... along the length +-5 .................... in width
For plastic molding and semi-dry pressing products
5 ..................... in length +-4 .................... in width +-3 ..................... in thickness - for brick +-4 .................. ... in thickness - for stone
The deviation from the perpendicularity of the edges in millimeters should not exceed:
4 - for plastic molded products from loess, tripoli, diatomite; +-3 - for plastic molded and semi-dry pressing products.
3.3. Types and sizes
3.3.1. Single and thickened bricks are made solid (without voids and with technological voids, the volume of which is no more than 13%) and hollow, and stones are made only hollow. The dimensions, shape and location of voids in the product, as well as the hollowness of the product, are given in Appendix A.
The thickness of the outer walls of the hollow product must be at least 12 mm.
Products can be manufactured with a different hollowness, with a different number and location of holes, subject to the requirements of 3.5, 4.3.
3.3.2. The voids in the products must be located perpendicular or parallel to the bed and can be through or non-through.
The width of slot-like voids should be no more than 16 mm, and the diameter of cylindrical through voids and the side size of square voids should be no more than 20 mm.
For enlarged stones, voids are allowed (for gripping during laying) with a cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe voids no more than 13% of the base area.
The diameter of blind voids and the dimensions of horizontal voids are not regulated.
3.4. In terms of strength, products with vertically located voids are manufactured in grades: 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, 300, and with horizontally located voids - 25, 35, 50, 100.
3.5. According to frost resistance, products are divided into brands: F15, F25, F35, F50.
3.6. The symbol of ceramic products must consist of the name, type, grade of strength and frost resistance, and the designation of this standard.
Examples of symbols:
Single solid ceramic brick, strength grade 100, frost resistance grade F15:
Brick K-100/1/15/GOST 530-95
Ceramic hollow single brick, strength 150, frost resistance F15:
Brick KP-0 150/15/GOST 530-95
Ceramic thickened brick, grade 125 for strength, frost resistance F25:
Brick KP-U 125/25/GOST 530-95
Ceramic stone grade of strength 100, frost resistance F15:
Stone K 100/15/GOST 530-95
Enlarged ceramic stone grade of strength 150, frost resistance F15:
Stone KUK 150/15/GOST 530-95
Ceramic stone of modular sizes, grade 175 for strength, frost resistance F15:
Stone KM 175/15/GOST 530-95
Enlarged ceramic stone with horizontal arrangement of voids, strength 50, frost resistance F15:
Stone KUG 50/15/GOST 530-95
Ceramic thickened brick with horizontal arrangement of voids, strength grade 100, frost resistance F15:
Brick KUG 100/15/GOST 530-95
4. Technical requirements
4.1. Products must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to technological regulations approved by the manufacturer.
4.2. Characteristics
4.2.1. Appearance
4.2.1.1. The surface of the edges of the products must be flat, the edges must be straight.
It is allowed to produce products with rounded vertical ribs with a radius of curvature of no more than 15 mm.
According to the surface texture (spoon, butt), products can be smooth or grooved.
4.2.1.2. The product is not allowed to have defects in appearance, the size and number of which exceed those indicated in Table 2.
4.2.1.3. Lime inclusions that cause destruction of surfaces and spalling more than 6 mm deep after steaming of products are not allowed.
On the surface of the products, the presence of chips along the largest dimension from 3 to 10 mm with a number of no more than 3 pieces is allowed.
4.2.1.4. The amount of polovnika in the batch should not be more than 5%.
4.2.1.5. Delivery of unburned and overburned products to the consumer is not allowed.
table 2
4.3. The strength grade of stone is determined by the value of the compressive strength, and the brick - by the value of the compressive and bending strength specified in Table 3.
4.4. Water absorption should not be less than 8% for solid bricks, and less than 6% for hollow products.
4.5. The mass of bricks in a dried state should not be more than 4.3 kg, and stones - more than 16 kg.
It is allowed, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, reflected in the supply contract, to produce enlarged stones weighing more than 16 kg.
4.6. The products belong to the group of non-combustible building materials according to GOST 30244.
4.7. Products intended for laying external walls of buildings and structures must be tested for thermal conductivity in accordance with 6.7.
4.8. The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides (A_eff) in products should not be more than 370 Bq/kg.
4.9. Requirements for raw materials and materials
4.9.1. Clay raw materials used for the manufacture of products must comply with the requirements of current regulatory documents.
The materials used for the manufacture of products must comply with the requirements of current regulatory and technical documents for these materials, as well as technological documentation and ensure that the products are produced as specified technical characteristics.
Table 3
in megapascals (kgf/cm2)
| Brand products |
Tensile strength | |||||||
| when compressed | when bending | |||||||
| all types of products | solid brick plastic molding |
semi-dry bricks pressing and hollow brick |
thickened brick | |||||
| Average for 5 samples |
Least For separate sample |
Average for 5 samples |
Least For separate sample |
Average for 5 samples |
Least For separate sample |
Average for 5 samples |
Least For separate sample |
|
| 300 | 30,0 (300) | 25,0 (250) | 4,4 (44) | 2,2 (22) | 3,4 (34) | 1,7 (17) | 2,9 (29) | 1,5 (15) |
| 250 | 25,0 (250) | 20,0 (200) | 3,9 (39) | 2,0 (20) | 2,9 (29) | 1,5 (15) | 2,5 (25) | 1,3 (13) |
| 200 | 20,0 (200) | 17,5 (175) | 3,4 (34) | 1,7 (17) | 2,5 (25) | 1,3 (13) | 2,3 (23) | 1,1 (11) |
| 175 | 17,5 (175) | 15,0 (150) | 3,1 (31) | 1,5 (15) | 2,3 (23) | 1,1 (11) | 2,1 (21) | 1,0 (10) |
| 150 | 15,0 (150) | 12,5 (125) | 2,8 (28) | 1,4 (14) | 2,1 (21) | 1,0 (10) | 1,8 (18) | 0,9 (9) |
| 125 | 12,5 (125) | 10,0 (100) | 2,5 (25) | 1,2 (12) | 1,9 (19) | 0,9 (9) | 1,6 (16) | 0,8 (8) |
| 100 | 10,0 (100) | 7,5 (75) | 2,2 (22) | 1,1 (11) | 1,6 (16) | 0,8 (8) | 1,4 (14) | 0,7 (7) |
| 75 | 7,5 (75) | 5,0 (50) | 1,8 (18) | 0,9 (9) | 1,4 (14) | 0,7 (7) | 1,2 (12) | 0,6 (6) |
| For bricks and stones with horizontal voids | ||||||||
| 100 | 10,0 (100) | 7,5 (75) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 75 | 7,5 (75) | 5,0 (50) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 50 | 5,0 (50) | 3,5 (35) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 35 | 3,5 (35) | 2,5 (25) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 25 | 2,5 (25) | 1,5 (15) | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Note - The bending strength is determined by the actual area of the brick without deduction void areas. |
||||||||
4.10. Marking
4.10.1. Products must be labeled in each package, one in the middle row.
4.10.2. The trademark of the manufacturer is applied to the bonded surface of the product with indelible paint using a stencil (stamp) or stamp imprint during the manufacturing process.
5. Acceptance rules
5.1. Products must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer.
5.2. Products are accepted in batches. The batch size is set at no more than the daily output of one furnace.
5.3. The batch must consist of products of the same type, of the same brand in terms of strength and frost resistance.
5.4. To verify compliance of products with the requirements of this standard, acceptance and periodic tests are carried out.
Acceptance tests are carried out according to the following indicators:
Appearance (presence of appearance defects);
Dimensions and correctness of shape;
Product weight;
Compressive strength of products;
Bending strength for bricks of grades 75 and 100.
5.5. Periodic tests are carried out at least once:
In two weeks - to determine the presence of lime inclusions;
Per month - to determine water absorption, bending strength of bricks of grade 125 and higher;
Per quarter - to determine frost resistance;
Per year - to determine A_eff in the event that there is no data from the supplier of raw materials on the value of A_eff in the supplied materials.
Periodic tests for indicators of water absorption and frost resistance are also carried out every time there is a change in raw materials and technology (composition of the charge, molding parameters, drying and firing modes), and for the presence of lime inclusions - when the content of carbonate inclusions in clay raw materials changes.
Periodic tests to determine A_eff are also carried out every time the raw materials are changed.
The thermal conductivity of products is determined when the product is put into production, as well as every time the raw materials, size and number of voids change.
5.6. To carry out acceptance and periodic tests, products are selected by random sampling from different places in the batch in the quantities specified in 5.7 and 5.8.
5.7. Acceptance of products based on appearance indicators is carried out according to a two-stage normal control plan in accordance with the requirements of GOST 18242, while the sample volume, acceptance and rejection numbers must correspond to those indicated in Table 4.
Table 4
| Batch size products |
stage control |
Volume samples |
General volume samples |
Acceptance number A_c |
Brakovoch- number R_e |
| 10001-35000 | I | 80 | 80 | 7 | 11 |
| II | 80 | 160 | 18 | 19 | |
| 35000-150000 | I | 125 | 125 | 11 | 16 |
| II | 125 | 250 | 26 | 27 | |
| St.150000 | I | 125 | 125 | 11 | 16 |
| II | 125 | 250 | 26 | 27 |
For control, an acceptance defect level of 6.5% is taken.
The batch is accepted if the number of defective products in the sample for the first stage is less than or equal to the acceptance number A_c for the first stage of inspection.
The batch is not accepted if the number of defective products is greater than or equal to the rejection number R_e for the first stage of control.
If the number of defective products in the sample for the first stage of control is greater than A_c, but less than R_e, proceed to the control of the second stage, for which a sample of the same volume is selected as in the first stage of control.
A batch of products is accepted if the total number of defective products in the first and second stage samples is less than or equal to A_c. The batch is not accepted if the total number of defective products in the first and second stage samples is equal to or greater than R_e for the second stage of control.
5.8. To carry out acceptance inspection and periodic testing, a number of samples are selected from a sample of products that meet the requirements of this standard in terms of appearance in accordance with Table 5.
Table 5
| Indicator name | Number of samples |
| Dimensions and correct shape | 24 |
| Presence of limescale inclusions | 5 |
| Weight, water absorption | 3 |
| Compressive strength: | |
| - stones | 5 |
| - bricks | 10 (or 10 paired halves) |
| bending strength of bricks | 5 |
| Frost resistance | 5 |
5.9. If, when checking the size and correctness of the shape of products selected from a batch, there is one product that does not meet the requirements of the standard, the batch is accepted; if there are two, the batch is not subject to acceptance.
5.10. If unsatisfactory results are obtained when testing products according to other indicators specified in Table 5, repeat testing of products according to this indicator is carried out with twice the number of samples taken from this batch.
A batch of products is accepted if the results of repeated tests satisfy the requirements of the standard; if they do not, the batch is not subject to acceptance.
5.11. Each batch of supplied products must be accompanied by a quality document indicating:
Name of the manufacturer and (or) its trademark;
Name and symbol products;
Number and date of issue of the document;
Batch number and quantity of products shipped;
A mass of bricks and stones;
Water absorption;
Bending strength for brick grades 75 and 100;
Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides;
Thermal conductivity of products;
Designation of this standard.
6. Control methods
6.1. The dimensions of the products, the thickness of the outer walls, the radius of rounding of the corners, the diameter of the cylindrical voids, the width of the slot-like voids, the length of the cracks, the length and depth of the broken and blunted parts of the products are measured with an error of 1 mm with a metal ruler according to GOST 427.
6.2. To determine the length and width of the products, measurements are taken in three places - along the ribs and the middle of the bed, the thickness of the products - in the middle of the poke and spoon. For products with rounded corners measurements are taken at a distance of 15 mm from the ribs. The difference between the largest and smallest measured values is taken as the final result.
The depth of broken and blunted corners and edges is measured using a depth gauge according to GOST 162 or a square according to GOST 3749 and a ruler according to GOST 427 along the perpendicular from the top of the corner or edge formed by the square to the damaged surface.
To determine whether the ribs are broken, a section with a broken depth of no more than 10 mm is determined, and then the length of the broken part of this section is measured.
The length of the crack along the bed of the product is measured with a ruler along the perpendicular from the most distant point of the crack to its intersection with the edge of the face through which it passes.
6.3. The deviation from the perpendicularity of the edges of the products, related to a length of 120 mm, is determined with a steel square by applying it to the spoon and measuring largest gap between the poke and the inner edge of the square with a measurement error of no more than 1 mm.
6.5. The presence of lime inclusions (dutikov) is determined by steaming the products in a vessel.
Samples that have not been exposed to moisture are placed on a grid placed in a vessel with a lid. The water poured under the grate is heated to a boil. Boiling is continued for 1 h. The samples are then cooled in this closed container for 4 h, after which they are removed and checked for compliance with the requirements of 4.2.1.3.
6.6. The weight, average density, water absorption and frost resistance of products are determined according to GOST 7025. Water absorption is determined by saturating the samples with water at a temperature of (20+-5) °C at atmospheric pressure.
6.7. The thermal conductivity of products is determined according to GOST 26254 in laboratory conditions in a climate chamber with automatic temperature maintenance in cold and warm zones of minus (30+-1) °C and plus (20+-1) °C on large and small wall fragments in accordance with 6.7 .1 and 6.7.2.
6.7.1. Determination of thermal conductivity on a large fragment of a wall
The thermal conductivity of products is determined on a wall fragment, the size of which, taking into account mortar joints, must correspond to:
By thickness (delta) - based on the conditions of the presence of one bonded and one tethered rows of bricks or stones. For products with a horizontal arrangement of voids, the thickness fragment is made in two versions: the first - from a bonded row of products, the second - from a spoon row;
In length (l) and height (h) - no less than 4.5 delta, but not less than 1810 mm.
If the height of the brick or stone masonry does not correspond to the established height of the wall fragment, the masonry fragment is supplemented from below and above with layers of masonry mortar consisting of small brick chips and complex mortar in a ratio of 50 to 50% by volume.
The laying of a wall fragment is carried out with a single-row chain ligation on a complex mortar of grade 50 with an average density of 1800 kg/m3 of composition 1:0.9:8 (cement: lime: sand) by volume, on Portland cement grade 400 with a cone slump for solid products 12 - 13 cm, for hollow ones - 9 cm.
The laying of a wall fragment from enlarged products with through voids larger than 20 mm is carried out by filling the voids with effective insulation (porous fillers, expanded polystyrene, foam concrete, etc.) or using a technology that excludes filling the voids with masonry mortar.
The manufactured wall fragment is kept for a month in a room with an air temperature of 15-20°C and a relative humidity of 40-60%.
A fragment of masonry is installed in a climatic chamber and the gaps along the contour of the chamber are sealed with heat-insulating material.
Five thermocouples are installed on the inner and outer surfaces of the wall fragment: three on the surfaces of the spoon and butt rows and two on the horizontal and vertical mortar joints. A heat flow converter (heat meter) is used square section with a side equal to the sum of the height of one masonry element and the thickness of one mortar joint. The heat meter is installed in the center of the wall fragment on the inner surface of the masonry tray element, capturing half the thickness of the upper and lower mortar joints (Figure 1c).
Tests are carried out in laboratory conditions in accordance with GOST 26254.
For the heat meter and each thermocouple, determine the average arithmetic value readings for the observation period (q_i) and (tau_i), where i is the sensor measurement. Then the weighted average temperature value (tau) is determined, taking into account the area of the tray and butt measured sections of the masonry, the vertical and horizontal sections of the mortar joints, according to the formula
The experimental value of the thermal conductivity of products in masonry in the state of actual humidity (lambda_exp), W/(m x °C), is calculated using the formula
The result is taken as the value of the thermal conductivity of products in the masonry in a dry state, calculated by the formula
For products with horizontal voids, the result is taken as the value of the thermal conductivity of products in the masonry in a dry state, determined by the formula
6.7.2. Determination of thermal conductivity on a small fragment of a wall
It is allowed, using the methods of the Research Institute of Building Physics, to determine the thermal conductivity of products on a small fragment of a wall consisting of 12 bricks or stones.
Before testing, the fragment is dried to a constant weight and covered with paraffin in order to protect it from moisture during the test.
It is allowed not to dry the wall fragment to a constant weight, but to determine the moisture content of the material after the end of the test in accordance with GOST 24816, samples of the material after the test are taken with a bolt from the wall fragment from the location of the heat meter.
A fragment of the masonry is placed in the opening of a detachable security zone made of a material similar in thermophysical properties to the products being tested. The security zone, together with the fragment under study, is crimped with a fastening frame and installed in a wall that divides the climate chamber into warm and cold zones. The heat flow converter (heat meter) and thermoelectric thermometers are installed in accordance with Figure 1. Tests are carried out in laboratory conditions in accordance with GOST 26254, the value of heat flux density (q) and temperature differences (tau_v - tau_n) are measured.
The experimental value of thermal conductivity is calculated using formula (2), the thermal conductivity of products in masonry in a dry state is calculated using formula (3) of this standard.
For products with horizontal voids, the result is taken as the thermal conductivity value calculated using formula (4) of this standard.
6.8. The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides is determined according to GOST 30108 on products placed in bags or on pallets with cross-banding “on a die”.
7. Transportation and storage
7.1. Transportation of products must be carried out using pallets of the "POD" type as packaging means in accordance with GOST 18343. Transportation of products is allowed by car technological (sparse) packages without pallets using fastening devices (removable and stationary) in vehicle bodies as packaging means.
7.2. Transportation of products by road, rail and water transport must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documentation applicable to each type of transport.
7.3. Transportation of products to the Far North and hard-to-reach areas is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 15846.
7.4. Loading and unloading of product packages must be done mechanically using special load-handling devices.
7.5. Loading products in bulk (throwing) and unloading them by dumping are not allowed.
7.6. On pallets, products should be stacked in a “Christmas tree” or “on a flat” and “on an edge” with cross bandaging. The weight of one package should be no more than 0.85 tons.
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