When and in what season does peony bloom? Caring for peonies in spring

Our favorites, decorating the garden with their lush flowers from June to August and giving a unique delicate aroma, are able to charm anyone. Peonies are incredibly popular and are happily grown in almost every garden.

Beginning flower growers who want to join the ranks of lovers of this miracle may have various questions regarding the agricultural technology of peonies. In particular, many are very interested in the question - at what time and for how long do peonies bloom? We will try to answer it as thoroughly as possible.

Varieties of peonies

First, let's look at what types of this flower are most common in our latitudes and how they differ. First of all, peonies differ in the features of their flower heads. They can be very large - 14-26 cm in diameter. They can also vary in shape - from single-row to densely double. And also have one or many apical flowers.

We touched upon the topic of varieties for the reason that the timing of flowering of peonies largely depends not only on the weather conditions of the area and a particular year, but also on the affiliation of the plant to one or another.

There are varieties:

• non-double - from 5 to 10 petals in one row, bloom for 6-10 days;
• semi-double - light and moderately lush, stamens and staminodes alternate, forming a ring in the center, flowering lasts 12-14 days;
• double - stamens and pistils look like petals, filling the middle of the bud, around which wide petals are located, bloom profusely for 15-18 days;
• Japanese - the stamens are modified into a ribbon or petal shape, wrapped inward, due to which a cushion is formed, and the perianth has 5 or wider petals, blooms for 10-12 days;
• anemone-shaped - the flower consists of five or wider petals, which are arranged in 2 rows, the center is filled with modified stamens, blooms for 10-12 days.

When do peonies bloom in Russia?

First of all, according to the timing of flowering, peonies come in three types:

This determines when peonies bloom. So, the early ones usually begin to bloom from the first days of June. The middle ones pick up the baton by June 15-20. And on late varieties buds appear only by the end of June, so their flowering can last until the middle or even the end of July.

Of course, the month when peonies bloom may shift slightly depending on the region of residence. In hotter climates, flowering will begin in May and end, accordingly, earlier. And vice versa - in middle lane or in northern regions Flowering may be delayed by a couple of weeks.

Peony is a beautiful and long-lived perennial with large fragrant flowers. If the gardener does not know why peonies do not bloom, what to do in this situation, then it is useful to consider everything possible reasons. These may be errors during landing, improper care or shortage nutrients.

New leaves grow, but there are no buds, or they fall off without blooming. This situation should not be surprising in the first year of planting. There is a simple and natural explanation - biological features plants. Nutrients accumulate and the root system forms.

Some varieties of peonies do not bloom fully in the second year after planting. Flowers should appear in the third year normal size, but for some cultivars this process is postponed for another year. Underdeveloped buds must be removed. After a year or two, you can leave the large ones and cut off the small ones, the side ones.

Sometimes buds do not appear in the second and third years after transplantation. The fragile bush was exhausted and did not adapt to the conditions of the new place. Often the lack of flowers is explained by incorrect actions during planting and replanting.

Reasons why a plant does not bloom

Poor planting location and improper deepening of the growing point are the two most common mistakes. The conditions on the site do not correspond to the biology of the plant, but gardeners may not know about this, or do not pay attention to it.

Wrong choice of location

Peonies come from subtropical climates where sunny weather and there is enough moisture all year round. The area where the plants are planted may be too shaded or dry for them.

Peonies prefer good lighting, open areas, but without drafts. With a lack of light, the number of buds is reduced or they do not appear at all.

Peonies are often planted too close to trees and shrubs, near walls and fences. Shading prevents development herbaceous plant, and the roots of larger species take water and nutrients from the soil. In such conditions, getting flowers is problematic. The proximity to trees is favorable when creating openwork shade for herbaceous perennials, good watering and regular feeding.

Bushes large size form many leaves that constantly require moisture. Therefore, too dry or waterlogged soil on the site is not suitable. Stagnation of water near the roots contributes to rotting and the spread of diseases. The composition of the soil is also important - peonies require a pH of no less than 5.8 and no more than 7.

Interesting fact: peonies on heavy loams and black soils bloom brighter and live longer. Bushes planted on lungs sandy soils, bloom earlier, but quickly become obsolete.

Errors when planting a peony

Growth buds should be at a depth of 3–5 cm. If they deviate in one direction or another, the plant does not bloom. Being too close to the soil surface is dangerous for the peony - the buds freeze out. Strong deepening of the growing point lengthens the period of shoot formation and forces the plant to waste the energy necessary for flowering.

Improper care

The appearance of a bud followed by its drying out is a sign of mineral starvation. After feeding, the peony will gain strength and bloom next year. You should not “feed” the bushes. Excess nitrogen fertilizers stimulates abundant growth of leaves, buds do not appear or open poorly and dry out. Peonies are fed at certain times, best after flowering, when new buds form.

Mistakes with watering or prolonged rains cause the buds to get very wet. They do not bloom, become saturated with water and acquire Brown color. Drought prevents flowers from developing and reduces the number of buds that give rise to shoots for the next year.

Main mistakes when propagating peony

Spring replanting is undesirable, because the plant will definitely shed its buds. There are other violations of agricultural cultivation techniques that negatively affect flowering. The division of the bush is carried out at the end of summer and early autumn. The planting hole is made deep - at least 0.7 m.

An adult bush has a powerful root system, supplying ground organs. However, the roots of older plants may rot. When the intensity of flowering of an adult peony decreases, the bush is dug up and inspected. If there are healthy buds on the roots, they are divided into parts and transplanted to another area.

It is not advisable to grow a peony in one place for too long. After transplant young plant allowed to grow stronger for 5–6 years.

Main mistakes when propagating peony:

• Planting small or too large divisions
• Wrong choice of work deadline
• Dividing a bush under 5 years of age
• Planting cuttings in place of the mother bush

When replanting a peony, divisions with 3–5 reddish shoots bloom faster. Economical option- a root with 1-2 buds - will only lead to the fact that flowering will begin later than after 2 years.

What to do if peonies don't grow?

Annual abundant flowering peony depends on good care. This does not mean that you need to spend your days and nights in the garden. The less the peony is disturbed, the faster it accumulates nutrients and creates a microclimate in the depths of the powerful bush.

The peony should not be disturbed in the spring during the period of work to remove old leaves and debris. If you are careless, you can injure the buds and roots of the plant. Watering is carried out 3-4 times per season (taking into account the amount of atmospheric moisture). The soil is loosened and weeds are removed around the bush. If necessary, tie them down or install supports.

After flowering, the plant also needs care, as next year's shoots are being laid.

In autumn, the leaves are cut off just before frost at a height of 10 cm above the soil. The above-ground parts of the plant are not used for compost, so as not to spread fungal and bacterial diseases. Branches and leaves are burned or otherwise destroyed.

How to feed peonies to improve flowering

Additional nutrition is necessary for young and adult plants. Mineral and organic fertilizers are mixed with the soil and added to the planting hole, so in the first two years the peony needs less feeding. After three years of life, the plant requires additional feeding for normal flowering.

Mineral fertilizer application plan:

1. In early spring, potassium-nitrogen fertilizer is scattered on the melting snow around the bush. They dissolve well and penetrate to the awakened roots.
2. During the budding period, a complex fertilizer, for example ammophosphate, is applied to each bush.
3. Two weeks after flowering, phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is applied, which is most important for the formation of new buds. You can feed with phosphorus and potassium in the fall, the nutrient will gradually penetrate into the soil.

Organic fertilizer for peonies

The plants are fed with slurry diluted with water. However, the excess nitrogen in this organic fertilizer causes strong growth of bushes. Folk remedy to replenish nutrients - fermented Rye bread. Half the loaf is cut and soaked in water for ½ day. The result is a thick mass, which is diluted in a bucket of water. Water the solution on young shoots that appear on the surface of the earth in spring. Such feeding will have a beneficial effect on peony flowering in the current and next year.

After correcting the errors that delay flowering, the peony bushes will begin to consistently delight you with the splendor of their blossoming buds for at least 10 years. This will require regular watering and prevention of so-called care diseases.

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Since ancient times, peonies have been awarded in different countries with the most sublime epithets: “peonies are favorites greek gods", "one hundred roses in one peony flower", "peony flower replacing a rose." These and many other expressions that characterize the beautiful peony express a common love for the wonderful plant that has conquered the world, including the entire garden space of Russia.

The flowering of magnificent peonies in the garden is a wonderful time that gives the Russian florist a lot of positive emotions. This is understandable: after all, the blooming of peonies was preceded by our long, harsh winter with its faded colors. Then came an unstable spring, which, although it delighted us with the first flowers, could only give us modest beauty and others, as well as the charm of... But with the appearance of buds on peonies, the feeling comes that it is not flowers that are blooming, but flowers. Real!
Therefore, from the moment the peony buds open, a holiday settles in my soul...

A riot of soft pink, pearly white, scarlet, burgundy petals with a satin shine and sparkles sunlight in their depths, and also the unearthly aroma of peonies filling the surroundings - all this is real magic, the magic of living floral beauty!

The legend of the peony

Peony, like many other plants, has different nations the world has legends about its origin. For example, one of the legends about peony begins with the fact that one day two gods had a violent quarrel on Olympus: the god of the underworld Hades and the warrior Hercules. And Hercules inflicted mortal wounds on Hades, which no one (not even Asclepius, the god of healing) could heal. But when Asclepius’s assistant Peon got down to business, Hades began to recover. Therefore, everyone glorified Peon.
Asclepius was jealous of his student, who dared to surpass his teacher, and secretly ordered the death of Peon. The gods did not allow such an atrocity and turned Peon into a flower. And so that Hades could not find it, they gave the flower a different name - Peony. Since then, healing and gorgeous peony lives among people, he makes people happy and...

In the official medicine of the world, peony is part of some medicines or used independently in the treatment of a number of diseases. In Russian folk medicine(as well as in Chinese, Tibetan, Mongolian) peony also finds application.

Classification of peonies

Peonies different types are divided into two groups: tree-like and herbaceous.

The herbaceous peony is represented by several wild-growing species transferred from natural conditions to the gardens. For example, this is medicinal peony, etc.).
Stands out large group cultivated varieties of peonies, called Chinese, the numerous varieties of which are mainly derived from crossing the white-flowered peony with other species.

It is the herbaceous peony, so spectacular and multifaceted - its varieties vary greatly in terms of flowering time, height of peduncles, flower color, degree of terry and shape - is considered one of the most valuable and desirable perennials in floriculture.
Herbaceous peony. Due to their high decorative qualities, herbaceous peonies are widely used in landscaping, parks and squares.

Advantages of peony

Peony is beautiful in all periods of its development. He's very touching in early spring- during the growth of the shoots, they are reddish in color with tiny leaves just unfolding on them, which are still pressed against the stems.
Peony constantly attracts our gaze and makes us languish in anxious anticipation when the peony bushes are covered with greenery, and their strong buds are increasing in size, so similar to the round clenched fists of a baby.
Peak of beauty - it's time lush flowering fragrant peony. And then in the garden, until the very frost, the peony flaunts its openwork foliage, which, even in the absence of flowers, allows the bush to look attractive.

It is impossible not to separately note the subtle aroma of flowers, wonderful appearance different types of peonies, their stability when cut. The winter hardiness of many types of peonies is also worthy of respect, which is very important for Russian flower growers.

Peony in floriculture

China is considered the birthplace of the peony, where it was known back in the 1st century AD. e. Here, the peony has always been considered not just a very respected and beloved flower, but a national flower - like the tulip - among the Dutch, - among the Japanese...

Since ancient times, peony has been grown in gardens, symbolizing luxury, prosperity and longevity.
Peony was also attributed miraculous properties: Peony was believed to ward off evil spirits and cure many diseases. Therefore, in China, it was customary to always carry a piece of this plant with you, as a talisman that protects against diseases.

Breeding peonies in the Middle Kingdom is still considered the most pious activity. It was in this country that work began on crossing different wild species of peonies in order to obtain new shapes and colors of flowers. It was in China that the first terry peonies were obtained. By the middle of the 16th century, Chinese gardeners had more than 30 varieties, some of them were very expensive and were sold for gold.

I note that in the Middle Ages, when in Asian countries (Japan, China) the peony was held in high esteem - as a plant that had not only high decorative qualities, but also valuable medicinal properties, then in Europe, where they revered the peony, they did not really favor it, because they considered it a pompous flower...

The Italians have a fairy tale written in those distant times. She says that the goddess of flowers, Flora, was going somewhere on business and therefore called all the flowers to a meeting so that they could choose a deputy for her. According to the general opinion of flowers, a rose was supposed to be Flora's replacement, but on election day it was a little late. Then the peony decided that if there was no rose, then they would choose it: it was beautiful, similar to a rose and even larger, brighter, more spectacular. And he was so sure of this that before the elections he became self-important and began to look at those present proudly and arrogantly. But the delayed rose appeared and was chosen as Flora’s deputy. The peony began to be loudly indignant, at which Flora became angry, called him a fat flower and wished him to remain forever as pouty and smug, and that not a single butterfly would land on him, not a single bee would take honey from him, not a single girl would pin him it to the dress.
So the peony for a long time became a symbol of swagger and arrogance. But not forever: currently, all over the world, peonies are valued for their merits and are loved very much. The peony flower is so beautiful and fragrant that, in my opinion, it simply cannot be indifferent to it! And, contrary to the wishes of the goddess Flora, butterflies and bees willingly visit the opening buds and huge flowers of peonies.

Peonies appeared in Russia in the 18th century, during the reign of Peter I. These expensive, unusually grown beautiful flowers in the gardens of wealthy gentlemen or in apothecary gardens. For ordinary people these plants were not available then.
Around the same time, peonies were brought from China to America, England, France, and Japan. Both ordinary flower growers and scientific breeders became interested in peonies.

Selection and systematization of peonies

After the rapid and widespread spread of peonies in many countries around the world, short term A great many new varieties of peonies have appeared. Therefore, there was an urgent need to systematize pions.

In 1903, the American Peony Society (APS) was created, which did a great job of identifying peony varieties and regulating the names. It is noteworthy that the AMOP still exists today: it registers new varieties; annually publishes a newsletter, which covers issues of agricultural technology and peony breeding; provides information about ongoing exhibitions and their winners. According to his data for 2012, 4.5 thousand varieties of peonies are registered in the world - this includes Chinese peonies, medicinal and interspecific hybrids.

Many varieties of peonies are centuries old since their introduction, but have not lost their popularity - they are still used to decorate ceremonial places.

During the 18th–19th centuries in Russia selection work there was no work on the creation of new varieties of peonies, and only shortly before the Great Patriotic War The USSR, specifically for work related to the creation of new varieties, purchased a large collection of peonies from France, which they had to work with after the war. Scientists from Russia and Ukraine worked with the mentioned collection of peonies. Worthy varieties were obtained: “Swan”, “Yubileiny”, “Varenka”, “Valentina Tereshkova”, “Antarctica”, “In Memory of Gagarin”, “Iskra”, “Moscow”, “Major Gagarin” and others, which compete on equal terms with world masterpiece varieties of terry peonies.

Currently, the activities of Russian and foreign breeders in breeding peonies do not stop. Work is constantly underway to create everything that has a variety of shapes with bright, clear-colored flowers, as well as non-lodging stems, with different terms flowering.

An interesting direction in the work of modern breeders is the creation of low-growing border peonies with strong, non-lodging stems. And now varieties of peonies are being created with flowers of pure color: white, lilac, red, etc. And especially - which, until the recent past, still did not appear, despite persistent efforts over many years. However, in 1958, the desire to get herbaceous peony yellow color was crowned with success: Japanese gardener Toichi Ito as a result of crossing herbaceous and tree peonies brought out completely unusual yellow peonies. But the shape of the first yellow peonies and the degree of doubleness of their flowers were not yet impressive.
Later, work on this promising group of pions, which was separated into a special group called, was continued. Ito hybrids of various colors have been obtained: pink-cream color with a dark cherry center, apricot-pink with bright red strokes on the petals, fuchsia pink with a purple center and other very attractive flowers. And in 1986, a great event occurred in peony growing: the “Bartzella” variety was produced, which, according to data for 2012, is the only double yellow peony.

Breeders have bred cactus peonies and mountain peonies (they belong to the tree group), but these new products have not yet reached Irkutsk.

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