A short Japanese poem about nature. Japanese poetry: how to learn to write haiku? Mourning the death of the poet Matsukura Ranrapa
A few years ago, the Russian Wildlife Conservation Center held an unexpected competition in support of the “March of the Parks” campaign - children were invited to try themselves in writing haiku - Japanese verses reflecting the diversity and beauty of wildlife and illustrating the relationship between nature and man. 330 schoolchildren from various regions of Russia took part in the competition. Our review contains a selection of poems from the winners of the competition. And to give an idea of classical haiku, we present the works of famous Japanese poets of the 17th-19th centuries that are closest in theme, translated by Markova.
Classic Japanese haiku
Reeds cut for the roof.
On forgotten stems
Fine snow is falling.
I'm walking along a mountain path.
Suddenly I felt at ease for some reason.
Violets in the thick grass.
Long day long
Sings - and doesn’t get drunk
Lark in spring.
Hey shepherd boy!
Leave some branches to the plum tree,
Cutting the whips.
Oh, how many of them there are in the fields!
But everyone blooms in their own way -
This is the highest feat of a flower!
They planted trees in the garden.
Quietly, quietly, to encourage them,
Autumn rain whispers.
In the cup of a flower
The bumblebee is dozing. Don't touch him
Sparrow friend!
On a bare branch
Raven sits alone.
Autumn evening.
Competitive haiku for Russian schoolchildren
By a lake in the mountains
Black-capped marmot.
He feels good.
Violeta Bagdanova, 9 years old, Kamchatka region
Dream grass blooms
Like a blue flame
Under the spring sun.
Ekaterina Antonyuk, 12 years old, Ryazan region
Tulips are sad
Waiting for the smile of the sun
The whole steppe will burn.
Elmira Dibirova, 14 years old, Republic of Kalmykia
Bloody field
But there was no battle.
The sardanas have blossomed.
Violetta Zasimova, 15 years old, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Little flower.
Little bee.
Happy to see each other.
Seryozha Stremnov, 9 years old, Krasnoyarsk region
Lily of the valley
It grows, it pleases, it heals.
Miracle.
Yana Saleeva, 9 years old, Khabarovsk region
Horseflies bite moose.
He gives them
A life full of joy.
Dmitry Chubov, 11th grade, Moscow
Sad picture:
Wounded deer
The brave hunter finishes off.
Maxim Novitsky, 14 years old, Republic of Karelia
Tractor, wait
A nest in the thick grass!
Let the chicks fly!
Anastasia Skvortsova, 8 years old, Tokyo
Little ant
Did so much good for Tom,
who crushed him.
Yulia Salmanova, 13 years old, Altai Republic
The Japanese, as you know, have their own special view of many things. Including fashion. This is proof of this.
The first Japanese poems, later called haiku, appeared in the 14th century. At first they were part of another poetic form, but became an independent genre thanks to the creative work of the famous poet Matsuo Basho, whom Japanese poetry recognizes as the best master of Japanese tercets. You will learn further how to learn to write your own poems in the classical Japanese style.
What is a haiku?
Haiku is a traditional Japanese poetic form consisting of three syllabic units, the first and third of which contain five syllables, and the second seven, making these Japanese poems a total of seventeen syllables. Otherwise, their structure can be written as 5-7-5. With syllabic versification, stress is not important, rhyme is also absent - only the number of syllables matters.
In the original, Japanese haiku are written in one line (one column of hieroglyphs). But in translation into Russian and other languages, usually European, it was customary to write down these Japanese verses in the form of three lines, each of which corresponds to a separate syllabic block, that is, the first line of the tercet consists of five syllables, the second - of seven, the third - out of five.
Little crab
Ran up my leg.
Pure water.
Matsuo Basho
In terms of semantic content, Japanese poems, using various means, depict natural phenomena and images that are inextricably linked with human life, emphasizing the unity of nature and man.
How is haiku different from haiku?
You might be confused by the fact that some Japanese poetry is also called haiku, but there is an explanation for this confusion.
Originally, the word “haiku” was used to describe the first stanza. rank- one of the many genres that ancient Japanese poetry includes. It could be called a poetic dialogue, or even a polylogue, since it was very often written by two or more poets. Literally, renga means “stringing of stanzas.”
The first stanza of the rengi is written with seventeen syllables in a 5-7-5 pattern - this is haiku. Then comes the second stanza of fourteen syllables - 7-7. The third and fourth stanzas, as well as all subsequent ones, repeat this pattern, that is, the renga scheme looks like 5-7-5-7-7-5-7-5-7-7-…5-7-5-7-7. The number of stanzas is not limited in principle.
If we separate the first and second stanzas from the renga (5-7-5-7-7), we get another popular poetic form in which Japanese poetry is still written - it consists of thirty-one syllables and is called tanka. In translations into European languages, tanka is written in the form of a pentaverse.
Later, haiku became an independent genre, as Japanese poets began to write these poems outside the framework of rengi. And in order to distinguish between independent Japanese tercets and the very first stanza of rengi, in the 21st century the Japanese poet Masaoka Shiki proposed using the term “haiku” for the former. This is exactly what the Japanese themselves now call such tercets.
Japanese tercets: formal elements
As we have already found out, if you write the original Japanese haiku as tercets, then each line will represent one syllabic block of five, seven and five syllables, respectively. In Russian, it is not possible to strictly observe this rule, because the length of words here differs from the length of words in Japanese.
Therefore, it was decided that Russian poetry could differ in structure from the 5-7-5 scheme, but the length of each line should not exceed ten syllables, and one of the lines should be longer than all the others.
You smiled.
From a slow ice floe in the distance
The bird takes off.
Andrey Shlyakhov
An important element is kigo- so-called seasonal words. Their function is to indicate the season or period of time at which the action described in the poem takes place. Such a word either directly names a season of the year, for example, “summer morning,” or denotes an event associated with this season, from which the reader can immediately guess what period of time is depicted in the poem.
The Japanese language has its own kigo, indicating the natural and cultural attractions of Japan, and in our country such words can be, for example, “the first snowdrops” - this is spring, “the first bell” - autumn, the first of September, etc.
Even though there is no rain,
On the day of planting bamboo -
Raincoat and umbrella.
Matsuo Basho
The second component that characterizes Japanese poetry is kireji, or the so-called cutting word. There are simply no analogues to it in other languages, therefore, when translating poetry into Russian or when writing original Russian tercets, cutting words are replaced with punctuation marks, expressing them using intonation. In addition, all such Japanese tercets can be written with a lowercase letter.
Japanese poems are characterized by the concept of two-partism - dividing the poem into two parts, twelve and five syllables each. In haiku in Russian, you also need to observe two parts: do not write poems in three complete sentences, as well as do not write them in the form of one sentence. Both the first and second parts of the tercet should describe different things, but be interconnected in meaning.
Indian summer…
over the street preacher
children laugh.
Vladislav Vasiliev
Writing Japanese Poems Correctly: Basic Principles of Haiku
- Writing haiku is quite different from writing classical rhymed poetry. To write poetry in the Japanese style, you need to learn to use a minimum number of words, but filled with the necessary meaning, and cut off all that is unnecessary. It is important to avoid repetitions, tautologies and cognates, if possible. Being able to say a lot through a little is the main principle of writing Japanese tercets.
- Learn to convey meaning without describing it literally. The author has the right to understatement: his task is to evoke certain feelings and sensations in readers, and not to chew them in detail. Readers need to figure out and understand the author’s content on their own. But at the same time, this content should be easily understandable; the reader should not sit for hours and solve a single tercet.
First summer rain.
I open it and...
I fold my umbrella.
Felix Tammy
- Japanese haiku do not tolerate pathos and artificiality. The art of composing tercets is based on sincerity, so do not compose something that cannot actually happen. Such Japanese poetry should be understandable to everyone, so do not use slang words and expressions when writing.
- Haiku should only be written in the present tense form, since these Japanese poems depict only those events that have just happened and were seen, heard or felt by the author.
- Japanese poetry is richer in homonyms than Russian, but when writing Russian tercets, you should not miss the opportunity to use wordplay.
The ferry is leaving
The soul is torn in the wind...
Goodbye and don't cry.
O"Sanchez
- A technique that Japanese poets often use is a comparison of various phenomena and objects. The main condition is the use of comparisons that happen naturally and that do not need to be supported by comparative words and conjunctions “as if,” “like,” etc.
all the paths are covered with snow...
neighbor goes into the yard
with your own path.
Taisha
We hope that our tips will help you master the art of composing haiku. And now we invite you to learn from the best and watch the following video, which examines Japanese poetry, in particular, such famous Japanese poets as Matsuo Basho, Kobayashi Issa, Yesa Buson and many others.
Japanese culture is quite often classified as a “closed” culture. Not immediately, not from the first acquaintance, the uniqueness of Japanese aesthetics, the unusual charm of Japanese customs and the beauty of monuments of Japanese art are revealed to a European. Haiku, or haiku, as you like, is the national Japanese form of poetry, a genre of poetic miniatures, which simply, concisely, succinctly and authentically depicts nature and man in their indissoluble unity. Once you open a collection of haiku, you will forever remain captive of Japanese poetry.
I've barely gotten around to it
Exhausted, until the night...
And suddenly - wisteria flowers!
Basho
Just three lines. Few words. And the reader’s imagination has already painted a picture: a tired traveler who has been on the road for many days. He is hungry, exhausted, and finally, he has a place to sleep for the night! But our hero is in no hurry to enter, because suddenly, in an instant, he forgot about all the hardships in the world: he is admiring the wisteria flowers.
From the heart of a peony
A bee slowly crawls out...
Oh, with what reluctance!
Basho
This is how the Japanese treat nature sensitively, reverently enjoy its beauty, and absorb it.
Perhaps the reason for this attitude should be sought in the ancient religion of the Japanese people - Shintoism? Shinto preaches: be grateful to nature. She can be ruthless and harsh, but more often she is generous and affectionate. It was the Shinto faith that instilled in the Japanese a sensitivity to nature and the ability to enjoy its endless changeability. Shinto was replaced by Buddhism, just as in Rus' Christianity replaced paganism. Shinto and Buddhism are a stark contrast. On the one hand, there is a sacred attitude towards nature, the veneration of ancestors, and on the other, complex Eastern philosophy. Paradoxically, these two religions coexist peacefully in the Land of the Rising Sun. A modern Japanese will admire blooming sakura, cherries, and autumn maples blazing with fire.
Shudderingly in the evening
Cherry beauties.
Issa
Japan loves flowers very much, and they prefer simple, wild flowers with their timid and discreet beauty. A tiny vegetable garden or flower bed is often planted near Japanese houses. An expert on this country, V. Ovchinnikov, writes that you need to see the Japanese islands to understand why their inhabitants consider nature to be a measure of beauty.
Japan is a country of green mountains and sea bays, mosaic rice fields, gloomy volcanic lakes, picturesque pine trees on the rocks. Here you can see something unusual: bamboo bent under the weight of snow - this is a symbol of the fact that in Japan north and south are adjacent.
The Japanese subordinate the rhythm of their lives to events in nature. Family celebrations are timed to coincide with the cherry blossoms and the autumn full moon. Spring on the islands is not quite similar to ours in Europe, with melting snow, ice drifts, and floods. It begins with a violent outbreak of flowering. Pink sakura inflorescences delight the Japanese not only with their abundance, but also with their fragility. The petals are held so loosely in the inflorescences that at the slightest breath of wind a pink waterfall flows onto the ground. On days like these, everyone rushes out of town to the parks. Listen to how the lyrical hero punishes himself for breaking the branch of a flowering tree:
Throw a stone at me.
Plum blossom branch
I'm broke now.
Kikaku
The first snow is also a holiday.
It does not appear often in Japan. But when he walks, the houses become very cold, since the Japanese houses are light gazebos. And yet the first snow is a holiday. The windows open and, sitting by the small braziers, the Japanese drink sake and admire the snow flakes that fall on the paws of the pine trees and on the bushes in the garden.
First snow.
I'd put it on a tray
I would just keep looking and looking.
Kikaku
The maples are blazing with autumn leaves - in Japan it is a holiday to admire the crimson foliage of maples.
Oh, maple leaves.
You burn your wings
Flying birds.
Siko
All haiku is appeal. To whom?
To the leaves. Why does the poet turn to maple leaves? He loves their bright colors: yellow, red - even the wings of birds burn. Let us imagine for a moment that the poetic appeal was addressed to the leaves of an oak tree. Then a completely different image would be born - an image of perseverance, endurance, because the leaves of oak trees remain firmly on the branches until winter frosts.
The classic tercet should reflect some time of year. Here is Issa talking about autumn:
Peasant in the field.
And showed me the way
Picked radish.
Issa will say about the transience of a sad winter day:
Opening his beak,
The wren did not have time to sing.
The day is over.
And here you will, without a doubt, remember the sultry summer:
Flocked together
Mosquitoes to the sleeping person.
Dinner time.
Issa
Think about who is waiting for lunch. Of course, mosquitoes. How ironic.
The traditional Japanese haiku is a 17-syllable poem written in one hieroglyphic column (row) and consisting of three rhythmic parts of 5-7-5 syllables, the first of which is the thesis, the second is the antithesis, and the third is catharsis, or insight. Translations of haiku written in other languages are usually written in three lines. However, not all tercets, in translation, have such a clear structure (5+7+5). Why? The translator must convey the author's idea and at the same time maintain a strict form. This is not always possible, and in this case he sacrifices form.
Sazaregani Ashi Hainoboru Shimizu Kanna
Little crab
Ran up my leg.
Pure water.
Basho
This genre chooses means of artistic expression extremely sparingly: few epithets and metaphors. There is no rhyme, no strict rhythm is observed. How does the author manage to create an image in a few words, with meager means? It turns out that the poet works a miracle: he awakens the imagination of the reader himself. The art of haiku is the ability to say a lot in a few lines. After reading a poem, you imagine a picture, an image, experience it, rethink it, think it through, create it.
Willow is bent over and sleeping.
And it seems to me that there is a nightingale on a branch -
This is her soul.
Basho
Japanese art speaks eloquently in the language of omissions. Important principles of haiku poetry are understatement, or "yugen", ambiguity and after-feeling. Beauty is in the depths of things. To be able to notice it you need a subtle taste.
The author of a haiku does not name the feeling, but evokes it, pushing the reader to develop his chain of associations. In this case, the created image itself must resonate with the consciousness (or subconscious) of the reader, without explanation or chewing. The effect caused by haiku is comparable (according to Alexey Andreev) to the effect of an unfinished bridge: you can cross it to the “opposite bank” only by completing it in your imagination.
The Japanese don't like symmetry. If the vase is in the middle on the table, it will automatically be moved to the edge of the table. Why? Symmetry as completeness, as completeness, as repetition is uninteresting. So, for example, the dishes on a Japanese table (service) will necessarily have different patterns and different colors.
An ellipsis often appears at the end of haiku. This is not an accident, but a tradition, a principle of Japanese art. For a resident of the Land of the Rising Sun, the thought is important and close: the world is always changing, therefore in art there cannot be completeness, there cannot be a peak - a point of balance and peace. The Japanese even have a catchphrase: “The empty spaces on a scroll are filled with more meaning than what the brush has written on it.”
The highest manifestation of the concept of “yugen” is the philosophical garden. This is a poem made of stone and sand. American tourists see it as a “tennis court” - a rectangle covered with white gravel, where stones are scattered in disarray. What does a Japanese think about while peering at these stones? V. Ovchinnikov writes that words cannot convey the philosophical meaning of a rock garden; for the Japanese it is an expression of the world in its endless variability.
But let's return to literature. The great Japanese poet Matsuo Basho raised the genre to unsurpassed heights. Every Japanese knows his poems by heart.
Basho was born into a poor samurai family in the province of Iga, which is called the cradle of old Japanese culture. These are incredibly beautiful places. The poet's relatives were educated people, and Basho himself began writing poetry as a child. His life path is unusual. He took monastic vows, but did not become a real monk. Basho settled in a small house near the city of Edo. This hut is sung in his poems.
IN A REED COVERED HUT
How a banana moans in the wind,
How the drops fall into the tub,
I hear it all night long.
In 1682, a misfortune happened - Basho's hut burned down. And he began a many-year wandering around Japan. His fame grew, and many students appeared throughout Japan. Basho was a wise teacher, he did not just pass on the secrets of his skill, he encouraged those who were looking for their own path. The true style of haiku was born in controversy. These were disputes between people truly dedicated to their cause. Bonte, Kerai, Ransetsu, Shiko are students of the famous master. Each of them had his own handwriting, sometimes very different from the handwriting of the teacher.
One of the poet’s greatest poems is “The Old Pond.” This is a milestone in the history of Japanese poetry.
furuike i
kawazu tobikomu
mizu no oto
* * *
Old pond!
The frog jumped.
Splash of water.
(Translation by T. P. Grigorieva)
Not only the complete impeccability of this poem from the point of view of the numerous prescriptions of this shortest and most laconic form of poetry (although Basho was never afraid to violate them), but also the deep meaning, the quintessence of the beauty of Nature, the peace and harmony of the soul of the poet and the surrounding world , make us consider this haiku a great work of art. This is not the place to talk about the play on words traditional for Japanese poetry, which allows you to create two, three, or even four layers of meaning in 17 or 31 syllables, decipherable only by experts, or even only by the author himself. Moreover, Basho did not really like this traditional technique - marukekatombo. The poem is beautiful without it. Numerous commentaries on “The Old Pond” occupy more than one volume. But the great poet expressed the essence of avare - “sad charm and unity with Nature” in exactly this way.
Wanderer! - This word
Will become my name.
Long autumn rain...
Basho walked the roads of Japan, bringing poetry to people. His poems include peasants, fishermen, tea pickers, the entire life of Japan with its bazaars, taverns on the roads...
Left for a moment
Farmer threshing rice
Looks at the moon.
“Every poem I have ever written in my life is my last poem.” Matsuo Basho
During one of his travels, Basho died. Before his death, he created the “Death Song”:
I got sick on the way,
And everything runs, my dream circles
Through scorched meadows.
And haiku lines are always the path to the reader’s own creativity, that is, to your personal inner solution to the topic proposed to you. The poem ends, and here the poetic comprehension of the topic begins...
Japan is a country with a very unique culture. Its formation was greatly facilitated by the peculiarities of the geographical location and geological factors. The Japanese were able to settle in the valleys and coasts, but they constantly suffer from typhoons, earthquakes, and tsunamis. Therefore, it is not surprising that their national consciousness deifies natural forces, and poetic thought strives to penetrate into the very essence of things. This desire is embodied in laconic forms of art.
Features of Japanese poetry
Before considering examples of haiku, it is necessary to pay attention to the features of the art of the Land of the Rising Sun. This brevity is expressed in different ways. It is also characteristic of the Japanese garden with its empty space, and origami, and works of painting and poetry. The main principles in the art of the Land of the Rising Sun are naturalness, understatement, and minimalism.
In Japanese, words don't rhyme. Therefore, the poetry familiar to the average person in our country could not emerge in this language. However, the Land of the Rising Sun gave the world no less beautiful works called haiku. They contain the wisdom of the eastern people, their unsurpassed ability to understand through natural phenomena the meaning of existence and the essence of man himself.
Haiku - the poetic art of the Land of the Rising Sun
The careful attitude of the Japanese towards their past, towards the heritage of antiquity, as well as strict adherence to the rules and norms of versification, turned haiku into a genuine art form. In Japan, haiku is a separate type of skill - for example, like the art of calligraphy. It acquired its true capacity at the end of the 17th century. The famous Japanese poet Matsuo Basho managed to raise it to an unsurpassed height.
The person portrayed in the poem is always against the backdrop of nature. Haiku is intended to convey and show phenomena, but not to name them directly. These short poems are sometimes called "pictures of nature" in the art of poetry. It is no coincidence that artistic canvases were also created for haiku.
Size
Many readers wonder how to write haiku. Examples of these poems show: haiku is a short work that consists of only three lines. In this case, the first line should contain five syllables, the second - seven, the third - also five. For centuries, haiku has been the primary poetic form. Brevity, semantic capacity and mandatory appeal to nature are the main characteristics of this genre. In reality, there are many more rules for adding haiku. It’s hard to believe, but in Japan the art of composing such miniatures has been taught for decades. And painting lessons were also added to these activities.
The Japanese also understand haiku as a work consisting of three phrases of 5, 7, 5 syllables. The difference in the perception of these poems by different peoples is that in other languages they are usually written in three lines. In Japanese they are written on one line. And before they could be seen written from top to bottom.
Haiku poems: examples for children
Often schoolchildren receive homework assignments to learn or compose haiku. These short poems are easy to read and quick to remember. This is demonstrated by the following example of haiku (2nd grade is too early to take Japanese poetry, but students can refer to this tercet if necessary):
The sun is setting
And cobwebs too
Melting in the darkness...
The author of this laconic poem is Basho. Despite the capacity of the tercet, the reader must use his imagination and partially participate in the creative work of the Japanese poet. The following haiku is also written by Basho. In it, the poet depicts the carefree life of a little bird:
In free meadows
The lark bursts into song
Without work and worries...
Kigo
Many readers are wondering how to write haiku in Russian. Examples of these tercets show that one of the main features of this genre of poetry is the correlation of a person’s internal state with the time of year. This rule can also be used when composing your own haiku. The rules of classical versification required the use of a special “seasonal” word - kigo. It is a word or phrase that indicates the season described in the poem.
For example, the word "snow" would indicate winter. The phrase “Hazy moon” may indicate the onset of spring. Mention of sakura (Japanese cherry tree) will also indicate spring. The word kinge - “goldfish” - will indicate that the poet depicts summer in his poem. This custom of using kigo came into the haiku genre from other forms. However, these words also help the poet choose laconic words and give the meaning of the work even greater depth.
The following haiku example will tell about summer:
The sun is shining.
The birds became quiet at noon.
Summer has come.
And after reading the following Japanese tercet, you can understand that the season being described is spring:
Cherry blossoms.
Dali was shrouded in fog.
Dawn has arrived.
Two parts in a tercet
Another characteristic feature of haiku is the use of the “cutting word,” or kireji. To do this, Japanese poets used various words - for example, ya, kana, keri. However, they are not translated into Russian because they have a very vague meaning. In essence, they represent a kind of semantic mark that divides the tercet into two parts. When translating into other languages, a dash or an exclamation point is usually placed instead of the kireji.
Deviation from the generally accepted norm
There are always artists or poets who strive to break generally accepted, classical rules. The same goes for writing haiku. If the standard for writing these tercets presupposes a 5-7-5 structure, the use of “cutting” and “seasonal” words, then at all times there have been innovators who in their creativity sought to ignore these instructions. There is an opinion that haiku, which do not have a seasonal word, should be classified as senryu - humorous tercets. However, such a categorization does not take into account the existence of flour - haiku, in which there is no indication of the season, and which simply does not need it to reveal its meaning.
Haiku without a seasonal word
Let's look at an example of haiku that can be classified in this group:
The cat is walking
Along the city street
The windows are open.
Here, the indication of what time of year the animal left home is not important - the reader can observe the picture of the cat leaving home, completing the complete picture in his imagination. Perhaps something happened at home that the owners did not pay attention to the open window, and the cat slipped through it and went for a long walk. Maybe the owner of the house is anxiously waiting for her four-legged pet to return. In this haiku example, it is not necessary to indicate the season to describe feelings.
Is there always a hidden meaning in Japanese tercets?
Looking at various examples of haiku, one can see the simplicity of these tercets. Many of them lack hidden meaning. They describe ordinary natural phenomena perceived by the poet. The following example of haiku in Russian, authored by the famous Japanese poet Matsuo Basho, describes a picture of nature:
On a dead branch
The raven turns black.
Autumn evening.
This is how haiku differs from the Western poetic tradition. Many of them have no hidden meaning, but reflect the true principles of Zen Buddhism. In the West, it is customary to fill every thing with hidden symbolism. This meaning is not found in the following example of nature haiku, also written by Basho:
I'm walking along the path up the mountain.
ABOUT! How wonderful!
Violet!
General and specific in haiku
It is known that the Japanese people have a cult of nature. In the Land of the Rising Sun, the surrounding world is treated in a completely special way - for its inhabitants, nature is a separate spiritual world. In haiku, the motive of the universal connection of things is manifested. Specific things that are described in tercets are always connected with the general cycle; they become part of a series of endless changes. Even the four seasons of the year are divided by Japanese poets into shorter subseasons.
First drop
It fell from the sky onto my hand.
Autumn is approaching.
James Hackett, who was one of the most influential Western writers of haiku, believed that these tercets convey feelings “as they are.” And this is precisely what is characteristic of Basho’s poetry, which shows the immediacy of the current moment. Hackett gives the following tips to help you write your own haiku:
- The source of the poem must be life itself. They can and should describe daily events that at first glance seem ordinary.
- When composing haiku, one should contemplate nature in the immediate vicinity.
- It is necessary to identify yourself with what is described in the tercet.
- It is always better to think alone.
- It's better to use simple language.
- It is advisable to mention the time of year.
- Haiku should be simple and clear.
Hackett also said that anyone who wants to create beautiful haiku should remember the words of Basho: “Haiku is a finger that points to the moon.” If this finger is decorated with rings, then the attention of the audience will be focused on these jewelry, and not on the heavenly body. The finger does not need any decoration. In other words, various rhymes, metaphors, similes and other literary devices are unnecessary in haiku.
The duck pressed to the ground.
Covered with a dress of wings
Your bare legs...
Acrid radish...
And stern, masculine
Conversation with a samurai.
The month in the sky has turned pale.
The last day of the year has arrived.
Pestles are knocking everywhere.
Oh, spring rain!
Streams run from the roof
Along the wasp nests.
The wind, filled with rain,
He tears the straw cloak off his shoulders.
The spring willows are worried...
***
Under the open umbrella
I make my way through the branches.
Willows in the first down.
From the sky of its peaks
Only river willows
It's still raining.
Green willow drops
The ends of the branches are in the muddy mud.
Evening low tide.
I would like to create poetry,
Not like my old face.
Oh, the first cherry blossoms!
I'm sailing to the cherry blossoms,
But the oar froze in his hands:
Willows on the shore!
A hillock right next to the road.
To replace the faded rainbow -
Azaleas in the sunset light.
To the poet who built himself a new house.
She is not afraid of dew:
The bee hid deep
In the petals of a peony.
Saying goodbye to friends
The ground disappears from under your feet.
I grab the light ear...
The moment of separation has arrived.
Lightning in the darkness of the night.
Lake water surface
Resting in the shade of foliage,
The tea pickers are listening.
Waves are running across the lake.
Some people regret the heat
In a grove of young bamboo
He cries for his old age.
On the way to Suruga
The aroma of blossoming oranges,
The smell of tea leaves...
Drive from the dark sky,
O mighty river Oi,
May clouds!
My whole life is on the way!
Like digging up a small field,
I wander back and forth.
On a rural road
Brought a load of brushwood
The horse is heading to the city... He's running home -
A barrel of wine on the back.
For students
Don't imitate me too much!
Look, what's the point of such similarities? —
Two halves of melon.
What freshness it blows
From this melon in drops of dew,
With sticky wet soil!
Hot summer is in full swing!
How the clouds swirl
On Thunder Mountain!
The image of the coolest
Brush paints bamboo
In the groves of the village of Saga.
"Transparent waterfall"…
Fell into a light wave
Pine needle.
Actor dancing in the garden
Through the holes in the mask
The actor's eyes look there
Where the lotus is fragrant.
At a gathering of poets
Autumn is already on the doorstep.
Heart reaches out to heart
The hut is cramped.
What a glorious chill!
Heels against the wall
And I doze off in the middle of the day.
***Lightning shine!
As if suddenly on his face
The feather grass swayed.
Visit family graves
The whole family wandered to the cemetery.
They go, whitened with gray hair,
Leaning on staves.
Hearing of Nun Jutei's passing
Oh don't think you're one of those
Who has no price in the world!
Remembrance day...
Back in my native village
How the faces have changed!
I read my old age on them.
Everything is like winter melons.
Old village.
The branches are dotted with red persimmons
Near every house.
Deceived by moonlight
I thought: cherry blossom!
No, it's a cotton field.
Moon over the mountain.
Fog at the foot.
The fields are smoking.
On the night of the autumn full moon
Who is admiring you today?
Moon over the Yoshino Mountains,
Sixteen ri before you.
***
You have read haiku (poems: haiku: Japanese tercets) by the poet Basho, one of the great masters of Japanese poetry.
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