Ktpn decryption. Complete transformer substations for outdoor installation

KTP are complete transformer substations that are used to convert high-voltage network current. Now you know what the abbreviation KTP stands for, let’s take a closer look at what it is.

Typically, such transformer substations are metal constructions, are equipped with a transformer with a power of at least 25 kilowatts and no more than 4000. In order for the PTS to work, a grounded neutral is required. They can be used almost everywhere - from small industrial facilities to small towns, as well as agricultural facilities.

Purpose of transformer substations

At the very beginning, the PTS processes high voltage current, after which it distributes electrical energy with a frequency of approximately 6 kilowatts on the high voltage side and on the low voltage side with a frequency of about 0.4 kilowatts. With the help of an outgoing line, the supply of electricity to the consumer is transformed.

KTPNU in modular design

In modular version there is just one transformer. This type of substations is necessary in order to install them outdoors. They are made from several modules. The floors and walls are sheathed with special material. Modules are compartments that house high- and low-voltage equipment and station control equipment.

Complete external stationary transformer substations are designed for receiving, converting and distributing electrical energy of three-phase alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz, rated voltage 6 (10) / 0.4 (0.69) kV, in moderate (U) and moderate cold (UHL) conditions ) climate and accommodation category 1 according to GOST 15150.

The design of the KTPN provides for the requirements for ease of maintenance of the UVN and RUNN. The KSO doors in the UVN have windows for visual monitoring of the condition of the equipment without disconnecting the voltage from the main circuits of the KTPN. Transformers are installed so that the requirements for safe monitoring of the level of transformer oil in the tank are met. A rotating mirror can be provided in the power transformer compartment (at the customer’s request), the angle of inclination of which is set when the KTPN is connected to operation. The design of the KTPN in terms of mechanical strength ensures normal operating and transportation conditions without any residual deformations or damage that impede the normal operation of the KTPN.

The equipment of RUNN and UVN can withstand the number of switching on/off switching established by the relevant standards for switching devices. The design of the KTPN ensures the normal functioning of measuring and metering, control and signaling devices during the operation of built-in devices.

The design of the KTPN makes it possible to replace the power transformer without dismantling the RUNN and UVN. Dismountable connections of assembly units and all bolted connections of KTPN are equipped with devices that prevent self-unscrewing. KTPN are supplied fully assembled or in transport blocks prepared for assembly at the installation site without disassembling switching devices, checking the reliability of bolted connections and the correctness of internal connections. KTPN and individual cabinets or transport units have devices for lifting and moving. Slinging diagrams for KTPN blocks are shown on the facade of the building.

KTPN external doors rotate on hinges at an angle of at least 95°, and have locks and handles. The handles can be removable or combined with a key or latch. One of the KTPN external gate leaves can be additionally closed with shutters to prevent unauthorized access inside. Door locks UVN and RUNN are locked with keys with different secrets and can withstand 1000 openings and closings. The external doors of the substation are locked in extreme positions.

The UVN and RUNN KTPN UHL1 provide for air heating (using heating elements) to ensure operating conditions for the installed equipment in accordance with the requirements of the standards and technical specifications for this equipment. Heating devices are switched on and off automatically and manually.

In order to protect against electric shock, equalize potentials, and protect against the dangerous effects of lightning, a grounding device (GD), consisting of an internal grounding loop, is installed in the building. For connection to the external ground loop, at least two outlets of the internal ground loop strip are provided at the corners of the building.

Anti-corrosion protection of steel structures is carried out using primer-enamel. Before applying paint to a steel surface, first it is generally cleaned of dirt, dust, oil, then degreased and cleaned to degree 2 according to GOST 9.402-2004.

The KTPN design ensures installation on a level platform (foundation) using bolts or welding to embedded parts.

Specifications

Parameter name Meaning
Power transformer power, kVA 25; 40; 63; 100; 160; 250; 400; 630; 1000; 1250; 1600; 2000; 2500; 3150; 4000
Rated voltage on the high voltage side (HV), kV 6; 10
Highest operating voltage on the high voltage side (HV), kV 7,2; 12
Rated voltage on the low voltage side (LV), kV 0,23; 0,4; 0,6; 0,69
AC frequency of main circuits, Hz 50
AC frequency of auxiliary circuits, Hz 50
Insulation level according to GOST 1516.3:
With dry transformer
With oil transformer
lightweight
normal level "b"
Rated voltage of auxiliary circuits, V:
  • AC and DC protection, control and signaling circuits
  • voltage transformer circuits
  • lighting
 220
100
36

Symbol structure

X KTP X - X X X X - X / X / X XX

Number of transformers used (for one transformer the number is not specified)

KTP - complete transformer substation produced by Chelyabinsk Electrical Equipment Plant LLC

Installation classification:

  • B - internal substation
  • N - outdoor installation
  • P - mobile

Execution classification:

  • Ш - on chassis
  • C - on skids
  • K - kiosk version
  • B - block-modular design
  • M - modular design

Connection classification:

  • T - dead end
  • P - pass-through

Classification of input from the HV side:

  • K - cable
  • B - air

Classification of output from the LV side:

  • K - cable
  • B - air
  • Ш - tire

Power transformer power, kVA

Rated voltage on the HV side, kV

Rated voltage on the LV side, kV

Classification of versions

Signs of classification of KTPN Execution
By type of power transformer oil, sealed oil, sealed with non-flammable liquid dielectric, dry, with cast insulation
According to the method of making the neutral of the transformer on the low voltage side (LV side) with solidly grounded neutral;
with isolated neutral
According to the number of power transformers used with one transformer;
with two transformers
Availability of busbar insulation in the switchgear on the LV side (RUNN) with bare tires
For performing high-voltage input cable (K);
air (B)
On making cable connections in RUNN cable (K);
air (B)
According to climatic versions and location
placement		 Placement category 1, climatic version U, UHL according to GOST 15150, GOST 15543.1

Design

It consists of one building, inside of which all the necessary equipment is installed.

It consists of several block-modular buildings, after installation of which a single structure is formed, inside which all the necessary equipment is mounted.

Composition of KTPN

KTPN building

The building is an all-welded metal module. Dimensions are determined by the manufacturer together with the customer based on technical requirements and method of transportation.

The building structures provide:

  • preservation of the specified thermophysical parameters of the premises in accordance with SNiP 23-02-2003;
  • necessary manufacturability during manufacturing and assembly at the factory, transportation, installation and operation;
  • minimum mass of building structures based on the use of new effective materials;
  • optimal reliability and aesthetics of building structures.

The frames of the BMZ bases are made of square pipes in accordance with GOST 26020-83. Hot-rolled channels are used as auxiliary frame structures in accordance with GOST 8240-97. The bases are sheathed on top with a 4.0 mm corrugated steel sheet, and on the bottom of the base with a 2.0 mm steel sheet GOST 19903-90. Mineral insulation with a layer thickness of up to 160 mm is laid at the base. The supporting frame is welded and is made of bent-closed square and rectangular welded profiles in accordance with GOST 30245-2003. The enclosing structures are made of steel sheet 3 mm thick. Sandwich panels with polyurethane foam and mineral wool insulation, with a thickness of 60 to 100 mm, are used as insulation. The roof is covered with profiled sheets on top of sandwich panels.

The color design of the modular building is carried out in accordance with customer requirements.

All materials used are certified. The use of non-certified materials is not permitted.

The design of the UVN in KTPN provides connection to an overhead and (or) cable line. UVN can be installed with a prefabricated one-way service chamber of the following type:

  • KSO-366 with a disconnector (with a transformer power of 25 to 160 kVA);
  • KSO-366 with load switch (with transformer power from 250 to 630 kVA);
  • KSO-203 with a vacuum switch (with transformer power from 1000 to 2500 kVA).

In KTPN, the output of power busbars or cables from the UVN to the inputs of the power transformer is carried out through an insulating plate or bushings located in the partition between the transformer compartment (TC) and the UVN.

Transformer compartment (TC)

The design of the TO ensures the installation of a power transformer of the required power. TOs typically have double doors (or gates) on one side. Another execution of maintenance is allowed in accordance with the questionnaire. The maintenance doors are equipped with electrically operated ventilation grilles or blinds, which are designed to provide natural ventilation in the summer. If necessary, an exhaust fan is installed in the maintenance area to provide cooling.

There is a hole in the TO floor for emergency drainage of transformer oil (when installing an oil transformer); if necessary, a container for emergency oil drainage is provided directly at the base of the KTPN TO.

In order to prevent accidental entry into the maintenance facility when the load switch or disconnector is turned on, wooden barriers are provided, installed in special eyes on the vertical pillars of the doorways.

Low voltage switchgear

The design of the RUNN in KTPN provides connection to an overhead or cable line. In RUNN, complete low-voltage devices are installed, manufactured in accordance with the technical specifications or according to the standard circuit grid (section NKU page 47). RUNN is assembled from cabinets depending on the number of outgoing feeders, the number of power transformers and the presence of sectioning. Controls, indications, and measuring instruments are installed on the cabinet doors.

The input of power busbars or cables into the RUNN from the terminals of the power transformer is carried out through an insulating plate or glands located in the partition between the TO and RUNN.

There are holes in the floor of the RUNN for the output of outgoing cables. The number of holes in the floor is determined by the circuit diagram of the KTPN and the requirements of the design documentation. The holes can be closed with rubber seals or canvas sleeves.

To connect to the 6(10) kV overhead line, a device for external connections is installed on the roof of the KTPN above the UVN or RUNN compartment and secured to the roof with bolts. The joints are sealed with rubber to provide the required degree of protection.

The device for external connections consists of:

  • air entry portal;
  • support insulators;
  • bushings;
  • pin insulators;
  • surge suppressors.

Requirements for resistance to external influences

KTPN are operated outdoors at any time of the year and day and have the following parameters of resistance to external environmental factors:

  • Ambient temperature:
    • for version U1 - from minus 45 to plus 40 °C;
    • for version UHL1 - from minus 60 to plus 40 °C;
  • altitude above sea level no more than 1000 m;
  • humidity 75% at a temperature of plus 15 ° C;
  • atmospheric pressure - from 86.6 to 106.7 kPa;
  • type of atmosphere according to GOST 15150 - II (industrial);
  • the environment is non-explosive, not containing explosive dust, aggressive gases in concentrations that destroy metals and insulation;
  • resistance to seismic effects according to GOST 17516.1 - up to 9 points on the MSK-64 scale.

Substation equipment

  • In substation depending on customer requirements work lighting can be performed with various types of lamps. If it is necessary to install emergency lighting, LED emergency lamps with built-in batteries are used. External lighting is available upon request.
  • Ventilation natural and (or) forced is performed, designed to dilute and remove excess heat from equipment and solar radiation. Inflow with natural impulse is carried out through external louvered grilles
  • Heating electric with automatic temperature maintenance not lower than plus 5 ° C, made with convectors with a power of 1.5 kW or with manual activation.


  • If necessary, the KTPN is equipped with a system security and fire alarm with the ability to connect to external devices.
  • To increase the safety of operating personnel, KTPN are equipped with the necessary personal protective equipment.
  • Spare parts kit supplied upon pre-order according to the approved list.
  • List of documents corresponds to the list of operational documents.

Transportation

By default, KTPN is transported without packaging; if necessary, special shrink film is used. All openings are closed with plugs and protected from precipitation, and the possibility of opening doors and covers of the substation is also excluded in order to protect breakable and easily removable parts. The doors of all compartments are locked and sealed.

KTPN are transported fully assembled or in separate transport blocks no more than 12 m long. By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, transport of KTPN in blocks longer than 12 m is allowed.

Transportation of KTPN is carried out:

  • by rail;
  • by car;
  • river transport.

This “Technical Description and Operating Instructions” (hereinafter referred to as “TO”) applies to substations manufactured by the “Plant Substations” company and have certificates of conformity.

Complete transformer substations for indoor and outdoor installation, dead-end and through, one and two transformer, power 25, 40, 63, 100, 160, 250, 400, 630, 1000, 1600 kVA, voltage 6-10 kV with high-voltage disconnectors and load switches RVZ, VNB, VNR series, with VA series circuit breakers and RE, RPS type circuit breakers, manufactured for the needs of the national economy and for export.

The technical specifications contain the main technical characteristics, composition, a brief description of the design and operating principle of the PTS, as well as instructions for their transportation, storage, installation and operation.

When studying, installing and operating the PTS, you should additionally be guided by the technical description and operating instructions on:

a) power transformer;

b) automatic switches of the VA series;

c) other components and measuring instruments;

The following abbreviations are accepted in TO:

KTP – complete transformer substation;

UVN – high voltage device;

UNN – low voltage device;

SHVV – high-voltage input cabinet;

The manufacturer is constantly working to improve products in order to increase their reliability and improve operating conditions; at the same time, changes may be made to the design that are not reflected in this manual. Electrical personnel who have studied this passport, passed certification and testing of knowledge of safety requirements, and have an electrical safety group of at least 4 (confirmed by a certificate) are allowed to operate the transformer substations.

1. PURPOSE

1.1. Complete transformer (two-transformer) substation of pass-through (dead-end) type (hereinafter referred to as KTS) for outdoor installation with a capacity of 100...630 kVA (upon request it is possible to manufacture KTS with a power of 25, 40, 63 kVA), voltage 10(6)/0.4(0, 23) kV, with cable or air input on the high voltage side (hereinafter referred to as HV) with cable or air output on the low voltage side (hereinafter referred to as LV). The KTP is designed to receive electricity (alternating three-phase current of industrial frequency) with a voltage of 10(6) kV, convert it into electricity with a voltage of 0.4(0.23) kV and supply it to consumers.

KTP are used to supply power to industrial, agricultural, and municipal facilities in ring or radial distribution network designs.

Normal operating conditions of the transformer substation are:

Altitude above sea level – no more than 1000m;

The lower value of the operating air temperature is minus 45 0 C;

The upper value of the operating air temperature is plus 40 0 ​​C;

Relative air humidity – 80% at plus temperature

1.3. KTP are suitable for operation in icy conditions with ice thickness

up to 20mm and wind speed 15m/s (in the absence of ice - up to 36m/s)

1.4. The surrounding air environment should not contain caustic

vapors, dust and gases in concentrations that disrupt the operation of the transformer substation, as well as destroy metals and insulation.

2. TECHNICAL PARAMETERS

2.1. The main parameters of the CTS are given in Table. 1.

2.2. The overall dimensions and weight of the package transformer substations are given in Table 2.

2.3. The electrical circuit diagrams are shown in Fig. 1...4, the connection diagram of the electricity metering panel is shown in Fig. 16

2.4. The insulation resistance value on the low voltage side relative to the housing is at least 0.5 Mohm.

2.5. The insulation resistance value on the higher voltage side relative to the housing and other grounded poles is at least 1000 MΩ.

2.6. The rated current of the bus bridge of the HV compartment is 400A, the main busbars of the LV compartment is 1000A.

2.7. The electrodynamic resistance current of the HV compartment busbars is 51 kA, the thermal resistance current of the HV compartment busbars is 20 kA; for KTPu, the electrodynamic resistance current of the HV compartment busbars is 30 kA, the thermal resistance current of the HV compartment busbars is 6.3 kA.

2.1.1 KTPN must comply with the requirements of these technical specifications, GOST 14695, GOST 1516.3 and be manufactured in accordance with design documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

2.1.2 The classification of KTPN versions is given in Table 1.

Table 1 Classification of KTPN versions

Signs of classification

Execution

By design

Kiosk

Stolbovaya

Mast

According to the type of electrical circuit on the HV side

Dead end

Checkpoint

Dead end

By installation method

Stationary,

mobile (on skids)

Stationary

According to the number of power transformers used

Single-transformer, two-transformer

Single-transformer

Availability of busbar insulation in the switchgear on the LV side (RUNN)

With bare tires

By type of input on the HV side

Air,

cable

Air

For making conclusions (buses and cables) in RUNN

Output down

By type of output of outgoing lines on the LV side

Overhead, cable

Air

According to the method of making the neutral of the transformer on the LV side

With solidly grounded neutral;

with isolated neutral

By power transformer power, kVA

By type of power transformer

With oil transformer;

with dry transformer;

with a transformer filled with non-flammable liquid dielectric

According to the method of installing circuit breakers

With pull-out switches;

with fixed switches

According to the purpose of RUNN cabinets

Introductory, linear, sectional

By relative position of products

Single row;

two-row

2.1.3 The main parameters of the KTPN must correspond to the data given in Table 2.

Table 2 Main parameters of KTPN

Name

parameter

 Parameter value

Power transformer power, kVA

25; 40; 63; 100; 160; 250; 400; 630; 1000; 1600

Rated voltage on the HV side, kV

Highest operating voltage on the HV side, kV

Rated voltage on the LV side, kV

Thermal resistance current for 1 s on the HV side, kA

Thermal resistance current for 1 s on the LV side, kA

Electrodynamic resistance current on the HV side, kA

Electrodynamic resistance current on the LV side, kA

Insulation level according to GOST 1516.1:

With oil transformer

With dry transformer and non-flammable liquid dielectric

Normal insulation

Lightweight insulation

2.1.4 Electrical diagrams of the KTPN are given in the design documentation.

2.1.5 The overall dimensions and weight of the KTPN must correspond to the values ​​given in Table 3.

Table 3 Overall dimensions and weight of KTPN

2.1.6 The component equipment must be specifically designed for installation in the KTPN; its quality and safety must be confirmed by relevant documents (quality certificate, certificate of conformity, etc.).

2.1.7 The rated currents of HV inputs and LV KTPN busbars must be no less than the rated currents of the power transformer.

The zero bus in the RUNN must correspond to 50% of the rated current of the power transformer. It is allowed, upon customer request, to use zero busbars corresponding to 75% of the rated current.

2.1.8 In RUNN cabinets, group branches from busbars to several switching devices of the main circuit must withstand a long-term current load equal to 70% of the sum of the rated loads on the devices, but not more than the rated current of the busbars.

The criterion for establishing permissible loads on switching devices is the heating temperature of parts of these devices (or their control points), specified in the regulatory documentation (ND) for them, at a given ambient temperature outside the RUNN cabinets.

2.1.9 KTPN are manufactured for operation at altitudes above sea level up to 1000 m.

2.1.10 The electrical strength of the insulation of the main and auxiliary circuits of the KTPN on the HV side must comply with GOST 1516.1.

The insulation of the main and auxiliary circuits of the KTPN on the LV side must withstand a test voltage of 2 kV alternating current with a frequency of 50 Hz for 1 minute without breakdown or flashover.

If any circuit elements, according to the ND, do not allow testing at a voltage of 2 kV, then the test voltage should be reduced accordingly, but not lower than 1.5 kV. If there are elements in the circuits that do not allow testing with a voltage of 1.5 kV, the test voltage must be applied when disconnecting these elements. After this, a comprehensive test of the circuits with all connected elements is carried out at a voltage of less than 1.5 kV, allowed by all elements.

The insulation resistance of electrically isolated circuits of switchgear switchgear cabinets under normal climatic conditions must be at least 1 mOhm.

2.1.11 The KTPN must be provided with insulation designed for normal operation in the event of dew, or the design must include measures to exclude the possibility of its formation.

2.1.12 The resistance to short-circuit currents of the LV busbars and branches from them within the KTPN must correspond to the resistance to short-circuit currents of the inputs on the LV side of the transformer. The duration of the thermal resistance current is 1 s.

The heating temperature of the current-carrying parts of the KTPN (main circuits) when exposed to short circuit currents should not exceed:

Plus 250°C - for metal current-carrying parts (except aluminum) in contact with the insulation, while its destruction or damage is not allowed;

Plus 300°C – for live parts made of copper and its alloys that are not in contact with the insulation;

Plus 200°C – for live parts made of aluminum.

2.1.13 The resistance of the KTPN to external climatic factors must correspond to climatic design U1 according to GOST 15150:

The upper value of the air temperature during operation is plus 40ºС,

The lower air temperature during operation is minus 45ºС,

Air humidity – 75% at plus 15ºС,

The upper air temperature during transportation is plus 50ºС,

The lowest air temperature during transportation is minus 50ºС.

2.1.14 UVN, input and busbars of RUNN of two-transformer KTPN, as well as single-transformer ones intended for further expansion into two-transformer ones, must allow emergency overloads of 30% above the rated current of the power transformer for a duration of no more than 3 hours per day, if the long-term preload was not more than 70% of the rated current of the transformer.

At the customer's request, the KTPN specified in this paragraph must be equipped with UVN and RUNN input cabinets for a current of at least 1.4 rated current of the transformer installed in the KTPN.

In overload mode, the heating temperature of the contact and structural elements of the switchgear switchgear is not standardized, but normal operation of the transformer transformer unit must be ensured after the overload is eliminated.

2.1.15 Power transformers included in the KTPN must comply with the requirements of GOST 11677, GOST 16555, as well as ND for specific types of transformers. Technical requirements of UVN - in accordance with the requirements of section 2 of GOST 14693.

Contact connections in KTPN are in accordance with GOST 10434, GOST 12434, GOST 8024 and GOST 21242.

2.1.16 The design of the KTP in terms of mechanical strength must ensure normal operating and transportation conditions without any residual deformations or damage that would interfere with the normal operation of the KTP.

RUNN cabinets must withstand:

1000 door openings and closings;

The number of switching devices established by the corresponding RD for switching devices, as well as insertions from the repair position into the working position and removals from the working position into the repair position (for RUNN with retractable devices).

2.1.17 The design of the KTPN must exclude false alarms of protection devices when moving retractable elements, as well as ensure the normal functioning of measuring and metering, control and signaling devices during the operation of built-in devices.

2.1.18 Dismountable connections of assembly units subjected to mechanical loads during transportation and operation must be equipped with devices that prevent self-unscrewing.

2.1.19 Tires must be painted in the following distinctive colors: phase A - yellow, phase B - green, phase C - red. It is allowed to use single-color tires, including those with an insulating coating, as well as uncoated tires, if this is permissible under operating conditions. In these cases, the tires must be covered with a distinctive color with transverse stripes at least 10 mm wide (at least one stripe on a section of the tire up to 1 m) in places convenient for viewing.

Grounding bars laid openly must be painted black.

In the input cabinets of RUNN, places for applying portable grounding must be provided and marked.

2.1.20 All parts made of ferrous metals must have a protective coating against corrosion.

The components of the KTPN must have a paint coating of the same light color. Individual assembly units (bottoms, slides, as well as decorative elements) can be painted in other colors.

The quality of painted surfaces should not be lower than class V coatings according to GOST 9.032.

The design of RUNN and UVN cabinets must ensure the safety of paint and varnish coatings of metal structures when opening and closing doors.

2.1.21 The heating temperature in normal mode of non-current-carrying parts of the KTPN that can be touched during operation (instrument sheets, covers) should not exceed 70ºC.

2.1.22 The design of the KTPN must provide the ability to replace the power transformer without dismantling the RUNN.

2.1.23 KTPN must be made in fully assembled form or in transport blocks prepared for assembly at the installation site without disassembling switching devices, checking the reliability of bolted connections and the correctness of internal connections.

The design of the components of the KTPN (transport blocks) must ensure their articulation.

The design of RUNN cabinets should ensure the interchangeability of same-type pull-out devices without additional adjustment.

2.1.24 KTPN made with air inputs must be equipped with valve arresters on the HV and LV sides and have inputs of categories A or B in accordance with GOST 9920.

2.1.25 Doors in KTPN must be able to rotate on hinges through an angle of at least 95º without jamming, and have locks and handles. The handles can be removable or combined with a key or latch.

2.1.26 The locks of the UVN and RUNN doors must be locked with keys with different secrets.

2.1.27 Individual cabinets or transport units of KTPN cabinets must have devices for lifting and moving during the installation process.

2.1.28 The design of the KTPN must ensure installation on a flat floor (without fastening to the floor), as well as their fastening to foundations using bolts or welding to embedded parts.

2.1.29 KTPN must:

Be suitable for working in icy conditions with ice thickness up to 20 mm and wind speed of 15 m/s (wind speed 146 Pa), and in the absence of ice - at wind speed up to 36 m/s (wind speed up to 800 Pa);

Have lighting for panels on which measuring instruments are mounted and device control handles are located;

  • have a power supply voltage not exceeding 42 V and a socket for turning on a portable lighting lamp. For single-transformer KTPN with a power of up to 250 kVA, it is allowed not to provide lighting and not to install lighting fixtures.

The design of RUNN cabinets for KTPN category 1 should provide the possibility of connecting: overhead lines; cable lines; both cable and overhead lines, have doors locked in extreme positions.

2.1.30 The rated voltage of KTPN auxiliary circuits should not exceed 400 V AC and 440 V DC.

2.1.31 According to the conditions of mechanical strength of connecting wires to clamps or devices, auxiliary circuits of KTPN must be made with wires with copper conductors with a cross-section of at least:

0.75 mm 2 – for single-wire conductors connected to screw terminals;

0.5 mm 2 – for single-wire conductors connected by soldering;

0.35 mm 2 – for stranded conductors connected by soldering or screwed using special tips.

The connection of single-wire conductors (by screw or soldering) is allowed only to fixed elements of the equipment. The connection of conductors to the moving elements of the equipment must be made with flexible (multi-wire) conductors.

For door transitions, multi-wire wires with a cross-section of at least 0.5 mm 2 must be used; it is also allowed to use wires with single-wire conductors with a cross-section of at least 1.5 mm 2 for these purposes, provided that the wire bundles only work for torsion.

2.1.32 The laying of auxiliary circuit wires in KTPN must be done with insulated wire both in installation boxes and directly on metal panels, ensuring the possibility of monitoring and replacing damaged wires.

In compartments where electrical equipment with voltages exceeding 1000 V is located, wires intended for connecting LV equipment must be separated by partitions (or laid in pipes, metal hoses), with the exception of short sections, the separation of which is associated with a significant complication of installation or design.

Laying wires and cables in UVN cabinets that are not related to this cabinet is not allowed. In exceptional cases, when compliance with the requirement leads to a significant complication of installation or design, it is allowed to lay these wires and cables in pipes or boxes.

2.1.33 Connection of external circuits with control cables and wires must be carried out using clamps or plug connections.

2.1.34 Devices and devices of auxiliary circuits must be installed in such a way that it is possible to service them without removing the voltage from the main circuits of the transformer transformer substation.

2.1.35 All devices, apparatus, as well as rows of terminals and connecting wiring must be marked.

The marking must be applied in a manner that ensures its resistance to moisture and light.

2.1.36 Disconnecting contacts of auxiliary circuits between the KTPN cabinet and the retractable circuit breaker installed in it must be made in the form of plug connectors with the number of circuits not exceeding 47.

2.1.37 Instruments installed on the KTPN must be located on the front side for ease of monitoring their readings. By agreement with the consumer, a different arrangement of devices is allowed.

Measuring instruments, including meters, must be installed in such a way that their scales are at a height of no more than 2100 mm from the floor.

Manual control devices (automatic machines, switches, buttons, etc.) should be located at a height of no more than 2100 mm from the floor.

2.1.38 Handles of manual drives of switching devices in RUNN cabinets must include the following devices:

In the direction of clockwise movement when rotating in a plane parallel to the plane of the door;

From bottom to top or from right to left when rotating in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the door.

The position of the handle must be clearly marked with indelible numbers: 1 (on position) and 0 (off position).

When using self-returning handles, the number 1 with an arrow indicating the direction of movement of the handle when turned on must be marked on the door of the cell (or on the handle).

2.1.39 Bus terminals of RUNN KTPN when connecting main busbars with rated currents from 1000 to 4000 A should be made inside cabinets and located along the width of the cabinet.

The design of RUNN KTPN cabinets must ensure the possibility of connecting connecting sections of main busbars without additional operations not directly related to connecting the section (removing structural elements, fitting holes, processing contact surfaces of terminals).

The holes in the busbars of connecting sections of main busbar trunkings and in the output busbars of RUNN KTPN cabinets must be oval with the larger axis of the oval in the busbar ducts located vertically, in RUNN KTPN - horizontally with respect to the longitudinal axis of the busbars.

The holes in the flanges of the connecting sections of the main busbar trunking and the roofs of the RUNN KTPN cabinets should be oval with the location of the larger axis of the oval in the busbar trunking section along the wide side of the flange, in the cabinet roof - along the narrow side of the flange.

The connecting dimensions of bus terminals and openings in the roofs of RUNN KTPN cabinets must comply with GOST 14695.

3. KTP DEVICE

3.1. A single-transformer transformer substation consists of sections:

High voltage compartment (HV);

Power transformer compartment;

Low voltage compartment (LV).

3.2. The following equipment is installed in the high-voltage compartment of the package transformer substation:

3.2.1. Pass-through type transformer substations: load switches; disconnector; circuit breakers; valve arresters (overvoltage limiters).

3.2.2. Dead-end type transformer substation: fuses; valve arresters (overvoltage limiters), disconnector (only for package substation with cable entry).

3.3. The power transformer compartment allows the installation of an oil transformer type TM with a power of up to 1600 kVA inclusive according to GOST 12022.

3.4. The low-voltage compartment is made in the form of a panel and has the following equipment: input disconnector (circuit breaker); automatic switches (switches with fuses) of outgoing lines; panel for electricity metering and voltage and load control on 0.4 kV buses; street lighting switching device; LV arresters (overvoltage limiters).

3.5. Two-transformer transformer substations are made in two separate buildings. The design of each housing is similar to the design of the housing of a single-transformer substation and differs from it in the presence of a sectional disconnector in the LV compartment.

4. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS.

4.1. Installation, maintenance and operation of the PTS must be carried out in strict accordance with the Rules for the Construction of Electrical Installations (hereinafter referred to as the PUE), the Rules for the Technical Operation of Electrical Stations and Networks, subject to the Safety Rules for the Operation of Electrical Installations, as well as the requirements set out in this manual.

4.2. To prevent accidental erroneous actions by personnel when replacing fuses on the HV side, the package transformer substation is equipped with an electromagnetic blocking system.

4.3. KTP doors are equipped with mechanical locks.

4.4. When operating the PTS, all doors must be locked. The 0.4 kV and 10 kV door locks have different keys.

4.5. During operation of the PTS, it is allowed to open the doors of the 0.4 kV compartment and the metering panel door.

5. INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

5.1. Lifting the KTS during loading and unloading operations and installing it on the foundation should be done without a power transformer using 4 sling eyes on the KTS body.

5.2. Installation of package transformer substations is carried out in accordance with the Standard Projects “Installation of complete two-transformer substations with a voltage of 6-10/0.4 kV through-type with a power of 2x630 kVA” or “installation of complete transformer substations with a voltage of 6-10/0.4 kV with a power of up to 1600 kVA”, developed Institute "Selenergoproekt".

5.3. When installing the KTP, it is oriented so that the photorelay sensor for automatic control of street lighting in the dark is protected from the light of car headlights or other light sources that can cause false operation of the photorelay.

6. PREPARATION FOR WORK

6.1. When preparing a package transformer substation for work, it is necessary to inspect it in the absence of visible faults. The following should be checked: electrical clearances (if necessary, set in accordance with the requirements of the PUE); threaded connections (tighten if necessary); condition of the insulator surfaces (if necessary, wipe with a rag soaked in gasoline).

Before the first start-up of a package transformer substation or the start-up of a package substation that has been idle for a long time, it is also necessary to reactivate it in accordance with clause 8.2.

Before putting the package transformer into operation, if necessary, the work provided for periodic maintenance in accordance with Section 7 must be performed.

6.2. When preparing a package transformer substation for work, you should:

a) install on the roof of the KTS and secure the SHVV and LV terminals (for KTS with a HV air input and an LV air outlet), the SHVV installed on the roof of the KTS is secured with the bolts included in the kit, connect the two wires of the electromechanical lock, both ends of these wires are in ShVV and under the roof of the KTP next to the bolted fastenings of the ShVV.

b) install LV insulators on the inputs and outputs (not included in the delivery set);

c) connect the PTS to the grounding circuit installed nearby;

d) unscrew 4 bolts, remove the removable wall of the power transformer compartment, install the transformer in the package transformer housing, install the removable wall;

e) connect 10 and 0.4 kV buses to the transformer;

f) ground the transformer to the grounding bolts located inside on the base of the package substation;

g) measure the insulation distances, which on the HV side must be at least 160 mm between conductors of different phases and less than 120 mm between current-carrying and grounded parts of the package substation; on the LV side, the distance between the tires should not be less than 12 mm;

h) install high-voltage fuses and connect the package transformer substation to the 10 (6) kV and 0.4 kV line;

i) prepare the transformer for switching on in accordance with its operational documentation;

j) install a lamp (~220V) for lighting the LV compartment (not included in the delivery package);

k) close all doors of the transformer substation.

7. MAINTENANCE

7.1. Carry out maintenance (preventative work) of equipment and devices of PTS at least once every three months.

7.2. When carrying out preventive inspections, pay special attention to the condition of the arcing contacts of switches (in walk-through package transformer substations) and contacts of disconnectors.

7.3. The permissible number of disconnections of load switches without replacing arc extinguishers and contacts is determined by:

The degree of wear of the liners is the remaining wall thickness of at least 0.5-1 mm;

The degree of burning of moving and fixed arc extinguishing contacts. The amount of total burning of a contact pair should not exceed 5mm.

7.4. File the arcing contacts with a file, clean them with fine sandpaper, and wash them with gasoline. The presence of grease on the arcing contacts is not allowed,

7.5. After short circuits, it is necessary to inspect the disconnectors and, if necessary, make repairs and replace worn or damaged parts and assemblies.

7.6. Servicing a photorelay comes down to keeping the photoresistor glass in a transparent state and removing dust from the relay body.

7.7. For normal operation of the meter (at negative ambient temperatures), turn on the heating, the switch of which is located on the metering panel.

7.8. Maintain the power transformer in accordance with the requirements of the operational documentation for it.

8. PRESERVATION AND RE-PRESERVATION

8.1. Before being sent to the consumer from the manufacturer, all unpainted parts of the package substation are subject to preservation in accordance with GOST 9.014, protection option B3-4.

8.2. Before starting operation, the package transformer substation must be reactivated, observing the following procedure:

Clean the substation from dust and dirt;

Remove grease from preserved surfaces;

Check whether the fasteners are loose after transportation (cracks and chips larger than 1 cm2 are not allowed);

Thoroughly wipe the surfaces of the insulators with a rag soaked in gasoline.

8.3. If the KTP is stored for more than six months, it must be re-preserved. It is recommended to use technical petroleum jelly in accordance with GOST 728 as a preservative lubricant.

9. PACKAGING, TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

9.1. KTP can be transported by rail or road. At the same time, they must be securely fastened to protect them from displacement.

9.2. KTP are transported without common packaging. Air inlets, connection boxes (depending on the type of package transformer substation), high-voltage arresters, fuses 10 (6) kV and a set of hardware are laid and reinforced inside the package transformer substation body. Technical documentation is located in the metering panel cabinet.

10. MANUFACTURER WARRANTY

The manufacturer guarantees compliance of the package transformer substations with the requirements of technical specifications TU 3412-001-09024605-2012

subject to the rules of operation, transportation and storage.

The warranty period is 2 years from the date of commissioning of the package transformer substation, but not more than 3 years from the date of production.

Table 1.

Name

parameter

Parameter value

Power transformer power, kVA

Single transformer substations

Two-transformer substations

Rated voltage

voltage on the HV side, kV

Rated voltage

voltage on the LV side, kV

Rated current of HV fuse links, A

Transformer rated current, A

Current transformer ratio

Rated current of outgoing lines, A (see note)

Electric networks today, like a spider's web, entangle all populated areas. They supply homes and businesses with the energy necessary for the operation of various equipment, lighting, climate control systems and other equipment. However, modern devices are very sensitive to voltage surges, and if such situations happen frequently in your network, then you have to look for ways to eliminate them. For this purpose, special equipment is used, which is included in the transformer substation device. It is used for urban areas, commercial facilities and other consumers.

Scope of their application

In modern society, not a single branch of industry or national economy can do without electricity. It is necessary to create comfortable conditions for residents of cities and villages, the operation of various types of equipment and machinery. But in order to provide electricity to areas remote from the main networks, transformer substations are used.

The scope of application of such installations includes a wide variety of objects:

  • Agricultural complexes;
  • Enterprises;
  • Construction sites;
  • Railway;
  • Metropolitan;
  • Mines;
  • Holiday villages.

Types of substations and their features

Electrification of populated areas and objects located far from them is a prerequisite for their functioning. But since power surges very often occur in electrical networks, the equipment connected to them may fail. Transformer substations help to avoid this - this is a building or structure within which equipment is located. Electrical installations, the main purpose of which is the transformation and distribution of energy between consumers.

Such substations include the following elements:

  • Power transformers;
  • Voltage control and distribution devices;
  • Auxiliary parts and structures.

The classification of electrical installations is carried out taking into account the work they perform. They are divided into two classes:

  1. Raising;
  2. Downgrades.

The former serve to increase the input voltage. The transformer of such a substation has a primary winding with fewer turns than the secondary.

Step-down substations are used when it is necessary to reduce the input voltage. They use transformers in which the number of turns of the primary winding is greater than that of the secondary.

Let's watch the video, device and description of the characteristics of the complex substation:

In addition to their functional purpose, substations also differ in their manufacturing method. They can be supplied as separate units, which are then assembled into a single unit on site. Each element of this design is fully prepared for assembly. Based on this parameter, the transformer substation can be classified as movable or immovable property.

Complex installations are also produced. This type of equipment is a metal or concrete structure, inside of which working units are located. Such models are supplied assembled and find the widest application in all spheres of human life and activity. The service life of the transformer substation is about 25 years.

Complex electrical installations may differ according to the following criteria:

  1. Type of construction;
  2. Number of transformers;
  3. Method of input and output;
  4. Connecting to the network;
  5. Installation location.

Depending on the first parameter, substations can be mast-mounted, which are installed on special supports, as well as underground and made in the form of cabinets or kiosks. They may contain one or two transformers.

Transformer substations are connected in various ways:

  • Passable;
  • Uzlov;
  • Branch;
  • Tupikov.

In this case, the input/output can be air or cable. Depending on the installation location, complex substations are divided into:

  • Internal;
  • External;
  • Mixed.

The first ones use oil-cooled transformers.

Design features of the equipment

In order to choose the right electrical installation, you must clearly understand its structure and operating principle. When transporting electricity over long distances, voltage increases and decreases due to the need to reduce heat losses in the line. But for the consumer, such values ​​are unacceptable, so it is necessary to use ones that increase or decrease the voltage to the consumed 380 or 220 V.

Such installations include several objects:

  • Power transformers;
  • RU switchgear;
  • Automatic protection and control;
  • Auxiliary structures.

All equipment is produced in factories and delivered to the destination in assembled or block form.

Arresters are included in the substation design as protective devices. They affect equipment shutdown and load reduction. All elements are collected into a single installation.

Transformer installation diagram

Low and high power circuit

Decisions on this issue are usually made taking into account the facility’s power supply system and the prospects for its development. When developing a transformer substation circuit, the manufacturer strives to make it as simple as possible, so that the number of switching devices is as minimal as possible. Automation devices are used for this.

The main provisions for power plants of all voltages can be considered:

  • Use of buses of one system;
  • Application of block diagrams;
  • Installation of automatic systems and telemechanics.

In substations where a pair of transformers are installed, their separate operation is provided, which makes it possible to reduce short-circuit currents. In addition, they have simplified switching and effective relay protection at the inputs.

Devices with long-term parallel operation are rarely used. But still, sometimes this approach is appropriate. With this solution, the step-down transformers work in parallel and if one circuit is broken, the switch automatically turns off.

But in most cases it is still recommended to use separate work. When developing such substation diagrams, it is necessary to select switching devices taking into account the purpose of the installation and its power. Moreover, the last of the listed parameters must meet the needs of users.

Power selection

When designing an electrical installation, it is necessary to select equipment for the design load. In this case, various methods can be used to select the power of the device. In addition, one should rely on regulatory documentation.

Usually they are used in substations and their number depends on the category of the object. Typically, for the 1st and 2nd, two-transformer substations are used, and for the 3rd, installations with one.

The power of the device is usually selected taking into account its overload capacity in emergency mode. To do this, the total power of the substation is compared with the load permissible for various types of consumers. Calculations are performed using special formulas. They use the values ​​of daytime and evening loads, as well as a simultaneity factor depending on the number of consumers.

For example, for a small settlement you can limit yourself to a substation with transformers with a capacity of up to 63 kVA. But only if they are dominated by household load. Otherwise, a more powerful electrical installation will be required.

Features and service life

Lightning protection installation requirements

The choice of any power supply system must be made in accordance with the planned loads. And in this case, many prefer to play it safe than to choose a back-to-back installation.

KTP

mobile television camera

KTP

Confederation of Labor of Panama

organization, Panama

KTP

quantum field theory

Dictionary:

KTP

kaolin thermal insulation board

Source: http://izomat.ru/products/show/?id=7

KTP

control and technical point;
control point

tech.

Dictionaries: Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations of the army and special services. Comp. A. A. Shchelokov. - M.: AST Publishing House LLC, Geleos Publishing House CJSC, 2003. - 318 p., S. Fadeev. Dictionary of abbreviations of the modern Russian language. - St. Petersburg: Politekhnika, 1997. - 527 p.

KTP

heat transfer coefficient

  1. KTP-

trailed three-bar mower

in labeling

Dictionary: S. Fadeev. Dictionary of abbreviations of the modern Russian language. - St. Petersburg: Politekhnika, 1997. - 527 p.

  1. KTP-

Usage example

KTP-6

KTP

safety brake contactor

KTP

telephone control post

connection

KTP

Confederation of Workers of Peru

unionization

organization, Peru

KTP

complete transformer substation

Dictionary: S. Fadeev. Dictionary of abbreviations of the modern Russian language. - St. Petersburg: Politekhnika, 1997. - 527 p.

KTP

television channel

Dictionary: S. Fadeev. Dictionary of abbreviations of the modern Russian language. - St. Petersburg: Politekhnika, 1997. - 527 p.

KTP

Confederation of Workers of Panama

organization, Panama

Dictionary: S. Fadeev. Dictionary of abbreviations of the modern Russian language. - St. Petersburg: Politekhnika, 1997. - 527 p.

KTP

heat point concentrator

KTP

labor process map

name of the project documentation

Source: http://docs.cntd.ru/search/ttkpprktp

KTP

Trailed Kirov tram

produced by the Ust-Katav Carriage Building Plant named after S. M. Kirov

in labeling, Chelyabinsk region.

KTP

complete transformer substation;
complex transformer substation

energy

KTP

arrival checkpoint

metro

Source: http://metro.nwd.ru/viewtopic.php?t=3075

KTP

complex process flow

pipeline construction

tech.

KTP

commercial trading enterprise
commercial and trading enterprise

organization

Source: http://timer.dp.ua/databank/ukraine/abbr.htm

KTP

process controller

in labeling, technical

Source: http://www.irz.ru/products/3/16.htm

KTP

calendar-thematic plan

Source: http://www.upek.ru/obespech.htm

KTP

specific technological process

tech.

Source: http://www.nslabs.ru/software/sapr/otherprod/tflex/tflpro/

. Academician 2015.

See what “KTP” is in other dictionaries:

    Trailed three-bar mower marked KTP Dictionary: S. Fadeev. Dictionary of abbreviations of the modern Russian language. St. Petersburg: Politekhnika, 1997. 527 p. KTP Example of using KTP 6... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations

    KTP-1- KTM/KTP 1 Tram KTM 1 8 produced in 1957 Project, 1947 Produced, years. 1947 1961 Copies ≈2280 ... Wikipedia

    KTP- The abbreviation KTP can mean: Technical control point Complete transformer substation Quantum field theory Tourist song club Contact heat-conducting paste Calendar thematic plan ... Wikipedia

    KTP- See Complete transformer substation...

    KTP- – Complete transformer substation… Commercial power generation. Dictionary-reference book

    KTP- Confederation of Workers of Peru television camera mobile television channel quantum field theory complex transformer substation safety brake contactor control telephone post control point... ... Dictionary of Russian abbreviations

    PTS with parallel operation of heating and hot water circuits (increased heating capacity). Conditional priority of the DHW circuit- 5.3 KTP with parallel operation of heating and hot water circuits (increased heating capacity). Conditional priority of the DHW circuit 5.3.1 Basic configuration of residential heating units with conditional hydraulic connection of the operating mode... ...

    PTS for local hot water supply- 5.4 KTP for providing local DHW The hydraulic diagram of an apartment heating point for providing local DHW is shown in Figure 16. Figure 16 Hydraulic diagram of an apartment heating point for providing local DHW: 1... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

    Description of the functioning of the PTS with priority DHW mode- 5.2 Description of the operation of the PTS with priority DHW mode. Technical characteristics are given in Appendix B. 5.2.1 PTS in heating mode. Control of the heating circuit of the apartment Heating coolant T11 from the house heating point... ... Dictionary-reference book of terms of normative and technical documentation

    KTM/KTP-2- KTM 2/KTP 2 ... Wikipedia

Books

  • Introduction to Quantum Field Theory, M. Peskin, D. Schroeder. The book by American physicists Professors Peskin and Schroeder is a textbook on quantum field theory (QFT). It corresponds to a full 3-semester course of lectures for students... Buy for 3145 rubles
  • Transport Travelers Club. Trips around Russia. Amazing routes. Unusual technique. Transport projects, Dmitry Kryukov, Vsevolod Nazimkin, Alexander Fetisov. The Transport Travelers Club (TTC) was organized by several enthusiasts in the late 1990s. Members of the KTP loved to travel and photograph the disappearing narrow-gauge and ordinary...