Unified State Exam sample on society. Unified State Exam in Social Studies: reviewing assignments with the teacher

The Unified State Exam in social studies consists of two parts, which in total contain 29 tasks.

First part contains 20 tasks with short answer.

The answer to the tasks of the first part is given by the corresponding entry in the form of a word or phrase or a sequence of numbers written without spaces or separating characters.

Tasks 1–3 – basic-level conceptual tasks – are aimed at testing knowledge and understanding of the biosocial essence of a person, the main stages and factors of personal socialization, patterns and trends in the development of society, basic social institutions and processes.

Tasks 4–19 of basic and advanced levels are aimed at testing the development of skills:

• characterize from a scientific point of view the main ones social facilities(facts, phenomena, processes, institutions), their place and significance in the life of society as an integral system
• search social information presented in various sign systems (text, diagram, table, diagram)
• apply socio-economic and humanitarian knowledge in the process of solving cognitive problems on current social problems

The tasks in this group represent the traditional five thematic modules of the social science course:

1. man and society, including knowledge and spiritual culture (tasks 4–6)
2. economics (tasks 7–10)
3. social relations (tasks 11, 12)
4. politics (tasks 13–15)
5. law (tasks 16–19)

Second part contains 9 tasks with detailed answers.

In the tasks of the second part, the answer is formulated and written down by the examinee independently in a detailed form. The tasks of this part of the work are aimed at identifying graduates who have the most high level social science training.

The tasks of the second part (21–29) together represent the basic social sciences that form the social science course in high school (social philosophy, economics, sociology, political science, social psychology, jurisprudence.

Distribution of tasks by parts of the examination paper

Parts of the work	Number of tasks	Maximum primary score	Type of tasks
1 part	20	35	Short answer
part 2	9	27	Detailed response
Total	19	62

Time

The examination work is allotted 3 hours 55 minutes.
Recommended time to complete various tasks:

• for each of tasks 1–3, 10: 1–4 minutes
• for each of tasks 4–9, 11–28: 2–8 minutes
• for task 29: 45 minutes

The manual contains 25 versions of standard test items in social studies, as well as 80 additional tasks Part 2. All tasks are compiled taking into account the features and requirements of the Unified State Exam in 2017.
The purpose of the manual is to provide readers with information about the structure and content of CIM in social studies, the degree of difficulty of tasks, a large number of different types of tasks to develop stable skills in their implementation.
The authors of the assignments are leading experts who are directly involved in the development of Unified State Exam assignments and teaching materials to prepare for the implementation of control measuring materials.
The collection also contains:
answers to all variants of tests and tasks of part 2;
criteria for assessing assignments in Part 2;
samples of forms used in the Unified State Exam for recording answers.
The manual is addressed to teachers to prepare students for the Unified State Exam in Social Studies, as well as to high school students for self-preparation and self-control.

Examples.
Choose the correct judgments about human activity and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Human activity is creative and transformative.
2) Human activity is entirely determined by conditioned reflexes.
3) Unlike the behavior of animals, human activity is focused on satisfying the needs operating in this moment time.
4) Human activity is caused by social needs.
5) Human activity is volitional and conscious.

The arms race has affected the aggravation of the environmental and economic situation in the world. Select from the list below the global issues that are directly reflected in this cause-and-effect relationship. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) the threat of a new world war
2) environmental crisis and its consequences
3) the lag of developing countries of the “third world” from developed countries
4) demographic situation on the planet
5) alcoholism and drug addiction
6) international terrorism

Select the correct judgments about the subjects of banking activities and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
1) Commercial banks can engage in the production of wealth.
2) The central bank can accept deposits and issue loans.
3) The Central Bank may establish certain financial standards that all credit organizations must comply with.
4) Commercial banks can engage in trade and property insurance.
5) Commercial banks can provide loans to enterprises, the state and the population.

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• Unified State Exam 2018, Social studies, 30 options, Typical test tasks, Lazebnikova A.Yu., Rutkovskaya E.L., Korolkova E.S.
• Unified State Exam 2018, Social studies, Exam simulator, 20 exam options, Lazebnikova A.Yu., Koval T.V., Korolkova E.S., Rutkovskaya E.L.

Option I

1. Write down the word missing in the table.

conservatism, liberalism, ideology, communism, social democracy.

3. Below are a number of terms. All of them, with the exception of two, relate to the concept of “property”. Find two terms that “fall out” from the general series and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in your answer.

4. Select the correct judgments about the relationship between freedom, necessity and responsibility in human activity and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) The variety of choices limits freedom in human activity.

2) One of the manifestations of necessity in human activity is the objective laws of the development of nature.

3) A person’s responsibility increases in conditions of limited choice of behavior strategies in certain situations.

4) Unlimited freedom is an unconditional benefit for individuals and society.

5) A person’s willingness to evaluate his actions in terms of their consequences for others serves as one of the manifestations of a sense of responsibility.

5. Establish a correspondence between the needs of society and the social institutions that satisfy these needs: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column. Write down your chosen numbers.

6. In recent years, several vocal and instrumental youth groups have formed in a large regional center. What features of the activities of these groups indicate their belonging to mass culture? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) develop traditions of folk vocal creativity

2) perform compositions of their own composition

3) the activity is commercial in nature

4) the repertoire consists of simple dance music

5) perform the function of accumulating cultural experience

6) works are addressed to the most aesthetically developed part of the public

7. Select the correct judgments about the consumer in a market economy and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) The consumer in a market economy is interested in centralized production planning.

2) In a market economy, the consumer benefits when monopolization of the economy is eliminated.

3) The consumer in a market economy benefits from the establishment of import duties.

4) The consumer is interested in maintaining market competition.

5) In a market economy, the consumer benefits from increased taxes on the manufacturer.

8. Establish a correspondence between factors and types of economic growth: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.Write down the selected numbers

9. Japan, where land is a rather scarce resource, but has a highly qualified workforce, produces and supplies video cameras, cars and electronics to the world market. In recent years, the global market has increasingly felt the impact of the growing electronics industry in Korea and the United States. What phenomena does this situation illustrate? Write down the numbers under which these phenomena are indicated.

1) inflation 2) competition 3) monopolization 4) specialization 5) informatization

6) differentiation

10. The graph shows the situation on the home furniture market: the supply line S has moved to a new position - SI (P is the price of the product, Q is the quantity of the product). This movement may be associated primarily with:

1) the use of technologies that reduce the cost of furniture production

2) the closure of small firms - furniture manufacturers

3) shortage of wood for furniture production

4) decrease in consumer income

11. Select correct judgments about social conflicts and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) Social conflicts can only occur in the form of civil wars.

2) Conflicts can have an impact positive impact on society.

3) One of the resolution methods social conflict are mutual concessions of the warring parties.

4) All social conflicts are caused by economic reasons.

5) The cause of social conflict is always objective circumstances.

12. During sociological survey adult citizens of country Z living in populated areas different types, they were asked the question: “Why do you, your family, first of all, need a garden/dacha/ personal plot?. The survey results (as a percentage of the number of respondents) are shown in the diagram.

1) Most rural residents need a garden/dacha/garden plot in order to provide their family with food.

2) Among city residents, the share of those who need a garden/dacha/plot for relaxation is greater than the share of those who invest money in this way.

3) Equal shares of respondents from each group noted that they need a garden/dacha/garden plot in order to communicate and invite friends.

4) An equal proportion of rural residents surveyed need a garden/dacha/garden plot in order to communicate, invite friends and to invest money.

5) Among those who need a garden / dacha / personal plot in order to invest money, the share of city residents is greater than the share of rural residents.

13. Find the forms of state-territorial structure in the list below. Write down the numbers they are listed under..

14. Establish a correspondence between the authority and its powers: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column. Write the numbers in the appropriate order.

POWERS

AUTHORITY

A) resolves cases on the compliance of federal laws and regulations with the Constitution of the Russian Federation B) resolves cases on the compliance of agreements between government bodies of the Russian Federation and government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation B) is the highest judicial body in civil, criminal, administrative and other cases D) resolves economic disputes between entities economic activity D) resolves disputes about competence between federal government bodies

1) Supreme Court of the Russian Federation 2) Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation

15. A new political force has emerged in state Z. Which of the following facts serve as evidence that it is a political party?

1) nomination of a candidate for presidential elections

2) newspaper publication

3) use of the Internet to generate mass support

4) fundraising for charitable purposes

5) adoption of constituent documents

6) participation in a political talk show on local television

16. Which of the following belongs to the group of socio-economic rights of a citizen of the Russian Federation? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) right to social security in old age

2) right to life

3) right to housing

4) the right to protection of honor and good name

5) the right to freedom and personal security

17. Find in the list below the mandatory conditions for marriage, defined by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) at least one of the future spouses has a job

2) voluntary consent of persons entering into marriage

3) availability of housing for at least one of the future spouses

4) the presence of property in at least one of the future spouses

5) no criminal record for persons entering into marriage

6) reaching marriageable age

18. Establish a correspondence between the organizational and legal forms of enterprises and those illustrating them concrete examples: For each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column. Write the numbers in the appropriate order.

EXAMPLES

ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL FORMS

A) Participants who are liable to the extent of all their property for the obligations of the enterprise have a priority right in decision-making. B) Profit and liquidation balance of the enterprise are distributed in connection with labor participation. C) Individual participants in the enterprise are liable only to the extent of the contributions made. D) The property of an enterprise consists of shares of participants working on it. D) All participants in the enterprise have the right of veto when making decisions. E) The pharmacy is municipally owned and serves socially vulnerable categories of the population.

1) cooperative 2) general partnership 3) unitary enterprise 4) partnership of faith

19. Citizen R. constantly parks his car on the lawn near his house. Environmental police officers warned him about the illegality of such actions. Select from the list below the items related to the legal assessment of this situation and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) Labor law 2) administrative offense 3) disciplinary liability

4) fine 5) constitutional law 6) criminal record

20. Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing. Select from the list provided the words that need to be inserted in place of the gaps.

“The initial element of sensory cognition is ________(A), which arises as a result of direct ________(B) reality on the senses. But it shows us only one side of an object (its color, taste, smell, etc.).

A holistic image of an object, arising through the combination of information received from various senses, corresponds to the stage ________ (B). Such a holistic image cannot arise during the passive reflection of an object, and its formation is the result of an active, mediated ________(G).

After the influence of an object on the senses has ceased, its image is stored in ________(D), which corresponds to highest form sensory cognition, called ________(E).”

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used once. Choose one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you will need to fill in the blanks.

List of terms:

21 (25). What meaning do social scientists give to the concept of “citizenship”? Using knowledge from a social science course, make two sentences: one sentence containing information about the grounds for acquiring citizenship, and one sentence about the authorized bodies in charge of matters of citizenship of the Russian Federation.

22 (26). Using the facts of social life and personal social experience, confirm with three examples the idea that a person can become himself only in interaction with other people, with the world through his practical activities and communication.

23 (27). In State Z, the head of state and members of the Legislative Assembly are popularly elected in free, competitive elections. State Z includes 10 territories that have a certain political and legal independence and the right to adopt their own constitutions that do not contradict the basic law of the country. To exercise their rights and freedoms, citizens create associations that are relatively independent from the state, including opposition parties and interest groups.

What is the form of state (territorial) structure Z? Indicate the fact according to the problem conditions on the basis of which you established this. Name any two features of this form of state (territorial) structure that are not mentioned in the problem statement.

24 (28). You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer to the topic “The problem of the cognizability of the world.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.

Preview:

Option II

1. Write down the word missing in the diagram.

2. Find a concept that is generalizing for all other concepts in the series presented below. Write down this word (phrase).

views; worldview; representation; ideals; value installations.

3. Below are a number of terms. All of them, with the exception of two, characterize social dynamics. Find two terms that “fall out” from the general series and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in your answer.

4. Artist K. created images of world chaos and emptiness, reproducing them in the exhibition space for the first time with the help of various objects, furniture, paper, newspapers. What signs indicate that the work of the artist K. belongs to an elite culture? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) difficult for an unprepared person to understand 2) satisfies the immediate needs of people

3) has a limited circle of admirers 4) has artistic value

5) has a wide audience 6) has less artistic value

5. Establish a correspondence between philosophical disciplines and their distinctive features: For each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column. Write down the numbers in a specific sequence.

6. Factory production is developed in country Z. What other signs indicate that it is developing as an industrial society? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) Democratization is taking place political life, political freedoms were proclaimed.

2) Religion has a significant influence on the development of society.

3) A class of industrial workers is being formed. 4) There is a division of labor.

5) Mechanization of production is taking place. 6) Agriculture is developing.

7. In city N, only one company provides cellular communications. Select the characteristics of this market from the list below and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

8. Establish a correspondence between examples and types of competition: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column. Write down the selected numbers in a specific sequence.

EXAMPLE

TYPES COMPETITION

A) Telephone services in country Z are provided by two competing companies, in addition to several small firms. B) The agricultural market in town N presents products from local farms and individual farms. C) In the city of P, numerous companies providing services for small household items are very popular. repair. D) The Salt and Sea company is the only supplier table salt for grocery stores in the region. D) The Digital World company introduced an alarm system with an SMS notification function to the owner to the city market. After a short time, other alarm manufacturers left the city market.

1) pure competition 2) oligopoly 3) pure monopoly

9. Which of the following refers to the properties of a share as a security? Write down the numbers under which these properties are indicated.

1) available for civil circulation 2) designed to maintain the stability of the national currency

3) confirms participation in the business 4) gives the owner the right to receive dividends

5) issued for a limited period 6) is of a debt nature

10. The figure shows the change in the situation on the kitchen furniture market: the supply line S has moved to a new position – S1. (P – price; Q – quantity.) This movement can be associated primarily with (with)

1) rising costs for kitchen furniture manufacturers

2) an increase in the number of kitchen furniture manufacturers

3) decrease in consumer income

4) increasing duties on imported components

12. Class teachers asked 11th grade students and their parents the question: “Which of the following statements do you think most accurately describes the relationship between parents and children?” The survey results (as a percentage of the number of respondents) are presented in the diagram.

Find in the list below the conclusions that can be drawn from the diagram and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) Among parents, the opinion that parents and children will never be able to understand each other is more popular than the opinion that parents and children understand each other; there is no reason for contradiction.

2) Half of the parents surveyed believe that parents and children understand each other, there are no grounds for contradictions.

3) Among students, the opinion that mutual understanding requires joint efforts of both parents and children is more popular than the opinion that parents and children will never be able to understand each other.

4) Equal shares of respondents had difficulty answering.

5) Equal shares of students and parents believe that mutual understanding requires joint efforts of both parents and children.

13. Choose the correct judgments about forms of government and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) In a parliamentary republic, the president is elected by the people.

2) In a parliamentary republic, the government is responsible for its activities to parliament.

3) In a presidential republic, there is no responsibility of the president to parliament for the policies pursued.

4) In a mixed republic, the president combines the powers of the head of state and head of government.

5) In a mixed republic, the government is responsible both to the president and to parliament.

14. Establish a correspondence between the functions and the public authorities performing them: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column. Write down the numbers in a specific sequence.

FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT BODIES OF THE RF	ORGANS STATE AUTHORITY OF THE RF
A) approval of changes in borders between constituent entities of the Russian Federation B) calling elections for the President of the Russian Federation C) appointment to the position of judges of the Constitutional Court D) resolving the issue of trust in the Government of the Russian Federation D) appointment and dismissal of the Chairman of the Central Bank	1) Federation Council 2) The State Duma RF

15. In country Z, the government is formed by the bloc of political parties that won the parliamentary elections. Find in the list below the features that indicate that in country Z parliamentary elections are held according to a proportional system, and write down the numbers under which these features are indicated.

2) There is the possibility of nominating independent non-party candidates.

4) The number of seats a party receives in parliament depends on the percentage of votes cast for the party in the elections.

5) The candidate who receives the majority of votes in the election wins.

16. Which of the following characterizes the principle of democracy enshrined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation? Select true statements and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) equality of subjects of the Russian Federation in relations with federal authorities

2) pursuit of the seizure of power or appropriation of power

3) guarantees of the unity of the economic space

4) exercise of state power on the basis of its division into legislative, executive and judicial

5) recognition of the people as the bearer of sovereignty in the Russian Federation

17. Find the legal facts that are events in the list below. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) As a result of the earthquake, dozens of houses were destroyed.

2) Citizen K. crossed the road in the wrong place.

3) The body of the car was damaged as a result of a falling tree.

4) Upon reaching 14 years of age, a teenager has the right to receive a passport.

5) Spouses V. bought a country house on credit.

6) Citizen U. filed documents to enter into an inheritance.

18. Establish a correspondence between legal relations and the branches of law that regulate them: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column. Write down the numbers in a specific sequence.

19. Citizens of the Russian Federation Valentin and Valentina decided to enter into a marriage contract. What conditions are necessary for a marriage contract to enter into legal force? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) regulation of personal non-property relations 2) indication of the validity period of the marriage contract 3) presence of common minor children 4) notarization

5) written form of the contract 6) state registration marriage

20. Read the text below, in which a number of words (phrases) are missing. Select from the list of words (phrases) that need to be inserted in place of the gaps.

“Any person who occupies a high social position in society strives to correspond to his __________ (A) and behave properly. Thus, others expect very specific actions from the teacher and do not expect others that do not correspond to their __________ (B). Therefore, status and __________(B) bind people's expectations. If expectations are formally expressed and recorded in any acts (laws) or in customs, traditions, rituals, they are of the nature of __________(G).

Society prescribes the requirements and norms of behavior for the status. For the correct performance of the role, the individual is subject to __________(D), for the incorrect one - punishment.

A model of behavior focused on a certain status also has external insignia. Clothing is a __________(E) that serves three basic functions: comfort, decorum, and demonstrative expression.”

The words (phrases) in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word (phrase) can be used only once. Select one word (phrase) after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words (phrases) in the word list than you will need to fill in the gaps.

List of terms:

21 (25). What meaning do social scientists give to the concept of “political radicalism”? Using your social science course knowledge, write two sentences containing information about political radicalism.

22 (26). In the development of an individual, the main role is played by the desire to satisfy natural organic needs, in the development of personality - the desire to satisfy cultural needs.Concretize this position by selecting two examples of satisfying needs leading to the development of the individual and personality.

23 (27). Recently in Russia there has been active discussion of the issue that appearance should be enshrined in law. When conducting a sociological survey, the question “Is appearance a personal matter for everyone?” The following responses were received:

Do you agree with the results of the sociological survey? Is legal regulation of appearance a violation of human rights? Comment on your answer.

24 (28). You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “The concept and types of legal relations.”Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in sub-points.

Preview:

Option III

1. Write down the word missing in the table “ Government regulation economy."

2. In the row below, find a concept that is generalizing for all other concepts presented. Write down this word (phrase).

Crime; offense; theft; petty hooliganism; misdemeanor

3. Below is a list of characteristics. All of them, with the exception of two, relate to forms of knowledge. Find two terms that “fall out” from the general series and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in your answer.

4. Select the correct judgments about a person’s socialization and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) The process of socialization continues throughout life.

2) Sociologists distinguish between primary and secondary socialization.

3) The main institution of human socialization at all stages of his life remains the family.

4) Desocialization is the assimilation of some rules instead of others.

5) Socialization presupposes the assimilation by a person of the culture accumulated by society.

5. Establish a correspondence between the distinctive features and the forms of cultures that they illustrate: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column. Write down the numbers in a specific sequence.

6. Laboratory scientists conduct research in the field of physics solid. What features distinguish scientific knowledge from other types of cognitive activity? Select the required items from the list provided and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) reliance on observational data 2) experimental confirmation of conclusions

3) taking into account accumulated experience 4) using forms of rational knowledge

5) development of grounded theories 6) application of strictly defined concepts

7. Select the correct statements about gross domestic product (GDP) and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) GDP is the totality economic resources, including key production factors.

2) GDP reflects the social need for a certain amount of goods and services necessary for the normal livelihood of the population.

3) GDP characterizes the total volume of production.

4) GDP is the total market price all final products produced in an economy (within a country) during one year.

5) GDP is a system of socio-economic and legal relations that ensure the continuous process of reproduction of the labor force.

8. Establish a correspondence between the types of economic systems and their characteristics: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

SIGNS OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS	TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
A) economic proportions are established based on central planning B) the economic needs of the population are stable and depend on social affiliation B) decisions on basic economic issues are made by the state D) production technologies do not change for a long time D) prices are set by the government	1) command economy 2) traditional economy

9. Company Z made a strategic decision to open a new production line household appliances. Find in the list below evidence that we are talking about intensive economic growth of this enterprise. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

10. The figure shows changes in demand for kitchen furniture in the corresponding market (demand line D has moved to a new position Dl). (P is the price of the product, Q is the quantity of the product.)

This movement may be due to:

1) improving the production technology of kitchen furniture

2) reducing costs for kitchen furniture manufacturers

3) with the spread of rumors about an increase in prices for furniture in the near future

4) increase in income of the population

5) increasing the volume of transport services

11. Find informal negative sanctions in the list below. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

12 . In country Z, scientists conducted a survey of citizens different ages on the topic: “How are global problems reflected in your Everyday life? The results obtained (in%) are presented in the form of a diagram.

Find in the list below the conclusions that can be drawn from the diagram and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) In each group, the proportion of those who know nothing about global problems, more than the share of those who are confident that global problems cannot affect their lives.

2) In each group, the proportion of respondents who daily feel manifestations of global problems is greater than those who are sure that global problems cannot affect their lives.

3) A quarter of 40-year-olds surveyed believe that global problems cannot affect their lives.

4) Almost a third of the 20-year-olds surveyed are aware of global problems, but do not feel them at all.

5) Less than a third of respondents from both groups feel manifestations of global problems on a daily basis.

13. Choose the correct judgments about shapes government and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) The nature of the distribution of powers between the center and the regions determines the form of government.

2) All modern democratic states have a republican form of government.

3) Monarchical rule involves the transfer of power by inheritance.

4) When republican form In contrast to monarchical rule, the government is elected by the population.

5) In a republic, tenure in the highest elected posts is limited to a certain period.

14. Establish a correspondence between the issues and the subjects of government of the Russian Federation to whose jurisdiction they relate: for each element given in the first column, select the corresponding element from the second column. Write down the numbers in a specific sequence.

15. State Z regularly holds parliamentary elections. All citizens over 18 years of age have the right to vote. What additional information indicates that this country uses a majoritarian electoral system? Select the required items from the list provided and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) there is an electoral barrier to entering parliament

2) single-member districts are used

4) mandates are distributed according to the number of votes cast

5) parties nominate lists of their candidates

6) the candidate who receives the majority of votes wins

16. The Russian Federation is a secular state. Which of the following provisions reveal the meaning of this constitutional principle? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) No religion can be established as state or compulsory.	2) No ideology can be established as state or mandatory.	3) Religious associations are separated from the state and are equal before the law.
4) Political diversity and multi-party system are recognized in the Russian Federation.	5) The Russian Federation ensures the integrity and inviolability of its territory.	6) In relations with federal government bodies, all subjects of the Russian Federation have equal rights among themselves.

17. Find in the list below the constitutional requirements for judges of the courts of the Russian Federation. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) citizenship of the Russian Federation

2) work experience in the legal profession for at least 5 years

3) permanent residence in the country for at least 10 years

4) reaching 25 years of age

5) higher historical education

18. Establish a correspondence between the examples and the legal relations that they illustrate: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column. Write down the numbers in a specific sequence.

19. The district court is considering the claim of citizen M. to establish the paternity of citizen K. in relation to her minor son. Find in the list of terms that can be used to characterize the trial in this case, and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) criminal process 2) civil process 3) plaintiff 4) defendant 5) victim 6) defendant

20. Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing. Select from the list provided the words that need to be inserted in place of the gaps.

The word “art” has many meanings, like many __________ (A) associated with the life of society and __________ (B). As __________ (B) it was distinguished from art in the broader sense of the word (skill, skill, craft - the skill of a carpenter, doctor, etc.). So, for example, it is important to understand the difference between “crafted things” and “works of art.” We will call __________ (D) artistic activity and what is its result (work). “Art is a human __________ (D), consisting in the fact that one person consciously knows external signs conveys the __________ (E) he experiences, and other people become infected with his emotions and experience them.”

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word (phrase) can only be used one once. Select one word after another, mentally filling in each gap with words. Please note that there are more words in the list than you will need to fill in the blanks.

21 (25). What meaning do social scientists give to the concept of “inflation”? Using your social science course knowledge, write two sentences: one sentence containing information about the types of inflation, and one sentence about the consequences of inflation.

22 (26). Inflation complicates the activities of producers and consumers in a market economy.

Illustrate with three examples rational consumer behavior in conditions of significant inflation.

23 (27). A famous psychologist, giving a lecture to students about human abilities, said that abilities cannot arise in isolation from specific activities.Explain this thesis of the psychologist. Suggest whether this thesis denies the role of natural inclinations in the development of human abilities. How do modern scientists resolve the issue of the role of natural and social factors in the development of human abilities?

28. You have been instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “Money and problems of monetary circulation.”Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.

Secondary general education

Line UMK G. A. Bordovsky. Social Studies (10-11)

Social science

Unified State Exam in Social Studies: reviewing assignments with the teacher

My students, graduates of 2017, who successfully passed the Unified State Exam in social studies, claim that the recommendation to read the entire text of the work before starting assignments has a good effect when completing the work. When reading the work it is removed emotional stress, brain activity is directed to analyzing materials and the graduate is involved in productive cognitive activity, leading to high scores for completing the work.

We use as materials for work Unified State Exam option in social studies 2017 (early period), published by FIPI in the spring of 2017.

Part 1

Task No. 1

Write down the word missing in the table.

Factors of production and factor income

When completing task No. 1, you need to carefully look at the title of the table. In our case, the table is called “Factors of production and factor income.” One of the factors of production is indicated: entrepreneurship (entrepreneurial abilities) and its factor income: profit. Knowledge of the main factors of production: land, labor, capital (physical and monetary), entrepreneurial abilities of information is inextricably linked with knowledge of factor income as income that the owner receives from the use or application of factors of production. Labor - wages, land - rent, capital - interest, entrepreneurial abilities, information - profit. The table shows factor income - rent, which means that in the first column we can safely enter such a factor of production as Earth. The correct answer is earth. When preparing, it is important for the student to know and full specifications all factors of production.

Task No. 2

In the row below, find a concept that is generalizing for all other concepts presented. Write it down word (phrase).

State form, form of government, unitary state, federation, republic.

Answer: ___________________________.

In task No. 2, it is always necessary to clearly define the generic concept (in the question it sounds like a generalizing concept). Our version presents: the form of the state, how device political organization of society (it is important to remember that this is also a certain set of characteristics by which we determine the method of organization and structure of the state); form of government, which is determined by the composition of the highest bodies of state power and the order of their formation, as well as by their interaction with the population of the state; a unitary state, which refers to one of the forms of state-territorial structure, like a federation; A republic is one of the forms of government. I always strongly recommend that my students, in a rough draft, immediately when they begin completing assignments related to the topic “Politics,” draw a diagram:

This is important because, typical mistake, which graduates admit when conducting trial Unified State Examinations, is associated with confusion of concepts. And when the diagram is before your eyes, it will be more difficult to make a mistake.

Accordingly, based on the diagram, it becomes clear that the generic (generalizing concept for all others here will be the form of the state, i.e. its versatile characteristics presented in the answer options. The remaining concepts reflect these or other elements. For example, the form of government is given as part forms of state and republic, as one of the types of government.

Correct answer: form of state.

Task No. 3

Below is a list of characteristics. All of them, with the exception of two, belong to the elite culture.

1. complexity of the forms used;
2. the desire of the authors to implement their own ideas;
3. entertaining character;
4. strongly commercial orientation;
5. spiritual aristocracy;
6. Requires special training to understand.

Find two characteristics that “fall out” from the general series and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

When completing task No. 3, pay attention to the concept in question. In this case, this is “elite culture” and we are asked about the characteristics of this concept. Elite culture is discussed in the topic “The spiritual sphere of social life.” The generic concept is “Culture”. In our case, the question is in the plane of varieties of culture (material, spiritual; folk, mass, elite). The task presents the features of elite culture: the complexity of the forms used, the authors’ desire to embody their own ideas, spiritual aristocracy, the requirement of special training for understanding. Well, really, are we all ready to perceive Schnittke’s musical works, analyze highly intellectual literary works Kafka? What can you say about Rodin's sculptures? It is clear that this culture is designed for a narrow circle of consumers prepared to perceive complex works. Elite culture does not seek commercial gain; self-expression and the search for new forms in art are important for authors.

Two characteristics that remain outside our attention: entertaining nature and a pronounced commercial orientation are the most important characteristics mass culture. Therefore, in this case we will mark them as correct. Because in the task we are asked to remove unnecessary characteristics.

Task No. 4

Choose the correct judgments about society and social institutions and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. Society is a constantly developing dynamic system.
2. Social progress is characterized by degradation, a return to outdated structures and relationships.
3. In a broad sense, society is understood as a part of the world separated from nature, but connected with it, including ways of interaction and forms of unification of people.
4. Social institutions perform the function of human socialization.
5. Society is a closed system that does not interact with the external environment.

Answer: ___________________________.

In task No. 4 we must discover judgments about society and public institutions. Here you cannot do without knowledge of the concepts: “society” in the broad and narrow senses; society as a system; “social institution” as a historically established stable form of organization joint activities people, and knowledge of the types of social institutions in the main spheres of society.

The first judgment characterizes society as a dynamic developing system - this judgment is correct, since it is an axiom in the course of social science.

The second judgment is incorrect, since progress, which is one of the directions of social development, is characterized by the development of society from lower to higher. And the judgment indicates: degradation, a return to already outdated structures and relationships, which is quality characteristics Another direction of social development is regression.

The third judgment almost completely reproduces the concept of “society” in a broad sense, and therefore is correct. What is missing there is “consisting of individuals with consciousness and will.”

The fourth proposition is correct. During socialization, a person learns the experience of previous generations. We know that social institutions establish certain patterns of behavior for people. This is best confirmed by such a social institution as the family, which belongs to the social subsystem of society.

The fifth proposition is incorrect. Society is a dynamic, open, self-developing system. It is almost impossible to apply the concept of a “closed system” that does not interact with the external environment to society. No special evidence is needed here. It is enough to recall the concept of society in the broad sense of “a part of the material world isolated from nature, but closely connected with it.”

Thus, the correct judgments will be: 1, 3, 4.

Thematic planning in social studies

Task No. 5

Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and types (forms) of activity: for each element given in the first column, select the corresponding element from the second column.

Task No. 5 relates to the topic “Activities”. Types (forms of activity) are considered: play, learning, work, communication. To complete this task, it is enough to know the characteristics of each type (form of activity). The imaginary setting is a characteristic of the game (A 4), focus on achieving a practically useful result - to work (a person creates certain objects that satisfy needs) (B 2). Focus on acquiring new knowledge and skills - to study (AT 3). And not a single type (form) of activity is complete without communication. Therefore, the remaining two characteristics: the process of establishing and developing contacts between people and the focus on information exchange reflect the essence of communication (G 1, D 1). You just need to remember that in the process of communication people exchange not only information, but also emotions, influencing each other.

Despite the apparent ease of tasks, it is important to take your time and conduct an internal dialogue with yourself. Answer the question: why the chosen answer is correct, based on knowledge of concepts.

Task No. 6

Students conducted a study of motives educational activities primary schoolchildren. Find in the list below the methods they used that correspond to the empirical level scientific knowledge. Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. description of observed phenomena
2. putting forward and justifying hypotheses
3. explanation of existing relationships
4. direct observation of individual facts and phenomena
5. fixation of generalizations in the form of laws
6. obtaining quantitative data about the object being studied

Answer: ___________________________.

In task number 6 they ask about empirical level scientific knowledge and its methods. We immediately mentally turn to the generic concept - “science”, recall the structure of scientific knowledge, which includes levels: empirical and theoretical, and classify the methods related to each level. We remember that empirical methods include: observation, description, measurement, classification, systematization, i.e. with their help, it is possible to identify specific properties of the objects being studied, in contrast to the theoretical level, aimed at identifying general trends, laws, etc.

This is how we found the correct answers: 1, 4, 6

Task No. 7

Choose the correct judgments about economic systems and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. Private property is the basis of a command (planned) economy.
2. In a traditional economy, the main economic issues are resolved by central government agencies.
3. The main subjects of market relations are economically independent participants in economic life.
4. The incentive for enterprises to operate in a market system is profit.
5. Signs of a market economy include free pricing.

Answer: ___________________________.

Task No. 7 aims us at knowing the characteristics of economic systems as a way of organizing the economic life of society. Knowledge of the distinctive features of traditional, command (planned) or command-administrative, market and mixed economic systems is basic knowledge a graduate seeking to get a high score in the exam.

So, let's try. Private property is a prerequisite for the existence of a market model of an economic system. We are told in judgment that it is a command economy. This is not true, also because in a command economy state ownership dominates, and the main issues of the economy are decided by the central authorities. This means that the second judgment is also incorrect. The third judgment is correct, since in a market economy each owner has the right to freely and independently dispose of his factors of production.

The fourth and fifth judgments are also correct, since in a market economy the freedom of economic activity of individual entities is aimed at making a profit in a competitive environment and market mechanisms determine the price.

Right answers: 3, 4, 5.

Task No. 8

Establish a correspondence between the examples and types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation (in accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation): for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Task No. 8 is related to the graduate’s financial literacy, namely knowledge of the types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation. The assignment defines the levels of taxes collected: federal, regional and local. When performing this task, it is important to clearly distinguish between types of taxes by level:

Thus, in our task we again use the empirical ranking method: A 3, B 3, C 1, D 3, D 2.

Authors: Vorontsov A.V., Koroleva G.E., Naumov S.A. The textbook covers the most important topics of the social science course: economics, politics and law. In accordance with modern scientific ideas, the authors reveal the features of the operation of the market mechanism and the role of the state in the economy, the fundamentals of political science, the functioning of the state and the development of democracy, the principles of law, the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen.

Task No. 9

Company Y – tailoring studio wedding dresses. Find in the list below examples of variable costs of firm Y in the short run and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. costs of repaying interest on a previously taken loan
2. costs for the purchase of fabrics, threads, accessories
3. costs of paying piecework wages employees
4. rent for studio premises
5. payment for consumed electricity
6. insurance premiums

Answer: ___________________________.

Completing task No. 9 requires knowledge of the topic “Company” and its key concepts: revenue, costs and profit. The assignment should clearly state the firm's variable costs in the short run, as opposed to fixed costs.

To complete a task without error, you also need to remember that variable costs change when production volume changes.

The company's credit histories will always relate to fixed costs, so the first option is not correct. But the purchase of fabrics, threads, and accessories refers to consumables, which means they are variable costs, as are the payment of piecework wages to workers, in contrast to salaries, which are the company’s fixed costs. Rent and insurance premiums are fixed costs for any company. Here's the payment consumed electricity (depending on the volume of work of the company) will be a variable cost.

Right answers: 2, 3, 5 .

Social science. Grade 11. A basic level of. Textbook. Authors: Nikitin A.F., Gribanova G.I., Martyanov D.S. The textbook is included in the educational and methodological complex in social studies for grade 11 (basic level). Corresponds to the Federal State Educational Standard for secondary (complete) general education, included in the Federal List. The textbook examines the most important issues of economics and law. The methodological apparatus of the textbook includes the headings “Thinking, comparing, drawing conclusions”, “Testing our knowledge”, “Researching, designing, discussing, arguing”.

The figure shows the change in the supply of chairs in the corresponding market: supply line S moved to a new position - S 1 . (P – price; Q – quantity.)

Which of the following factors could cause this change? Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. increase in the cost of materials for upholstery of chairs
2. increase in wages for workers at enterprises producing chairs
3. reducing the cost of materials for chair frames
4. reduction of taxes levied on furniture manufacturers
5. increase in electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers

Answer: ___________________________.

Task number 10 requires a very careful reading of the question. It is necessary to understand what is being asked about: a change in the quantity of demand or the quantity of supply? In this case, the supply of chairs in the relevant market has changed. By observing the change in the supply curve, we can say that supply has decreased. When completing the task, you need to remember that changes in supply are influenced by the cost of factors of production, technology, state tax policy, governmental support, price expectations, competition, etc.

Therefore, the first answer - an increase in the cost of materials for upholstering chairs will precisely contribute to a decrease in the supply of this product on the market. The answer is correct. An increase in wages for workers increases the cost of such a factor of production as labor, but at the same time reduces the supply of this product on the market. The answer is correct. The third option should lead to an increase in supply, since a decrease in the cost of raw materials leads to an increase in the supply of goods on the market (in our case, a decrease in the cost of material for the frame). The answer is not correct. Tax cuts will also increase supply. The answer is not correct. But an increase in electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers will increase variable costs and reduce supply. So, the price increase Supplies, electricity tariffs, and workers' compensation will force the company to either reduce production volumes or increase the cost of goods, which will lead to a decrease in supply on the market.

Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .

Task No. 11

Choose the correct judgments about social stratification and social mobility and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. Horizontal mobility involves moving to a social group located at a different level of the social hierarchy.
2. One of the criteria for differentiating social groups is income.
3. Personal qualities of a person act as a criterion for the social stratification of modern society.
4. Sociologists distinguish between individual and collective mobility.
5. One of the criteria for the social stratification of society is the amount of power.

Answer: ___________________________.

Carrying out task No. 11, we proceed from knowledge of the concepts of “social stratification” and “ social mobility”, criteria for social stratification, types of social mobility.

Horizontal mobility involves moving from one social group to another, located at the same level of the social ladder. Therefore, the first judgment is not correct. Differentiation (separation) of social groups in society occurs according to many criteria, one of which is income. And also the amount of power, education, prestige of the profession. The second and fifth judgments are correct, unlike the third. A person's personal qualities are not a criterion for social stratification. The fourth proposition is correct, since sociologists do distinguish between individual and collective mobility. For example, under the influence of the events of the 1917 revolution, the position of social groups shifted.

Right answers: 2, 4, 5.

During sociological surveys of adult residents of countries Z and Y, they were asked the question: “Which direction of the state’s youth policy do you consider the most important?”

The survey results (as a percentage of the number of respondents) are shown in the diagram.

Find in the list below the conclusions that can be drawn from the diagram and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. The share of those who note the importance of ensuring access to decision-making in the economy, public life, and politics is smaller in country Z than in country Y.
2. Equal shares of respondents in each country consider it necessary to carry out educational work.
3. In country Z, the opinion about the importance of ensuring access to decision-making in the economy, public life, and politics is less popular than the opinion about the importance of conducting educational work.
4. In country Y, equal shares of respondents note the creation of conditions for self-expression, self-realization of young people and carrying out educational work with them as the most important areas.
5. The share of those who consider the provision of social support most important is greater in country Z than in country Y.

Answer: ___________________________.

When completing task No. 12, you need to carefully read the terms of the sociological survey. In this case, the most important directions of the youth policy of the two countries were clarified. The chart shows data from these countries. Before reading the judgments presented, you should carefully study the diagram yourself. In each country, the leading position was taken by the answer “providing social support.” Further, in country Z, the position “conducting educational work” was in second place, and the minimum position was occupied by the judgment “ensuring access to decision-making...”. In country Y, equally minimal positions were occupied by the judgments “ensuring access to decision-making...” and “creating conditions for self-expression.” After we have independently tried to analyze statistical materials, we try to analyze judgments.

The first judgment is correct, since the chart data demonstrates this position. The second judgment is not correct, since in country Z there are more people who consider “carrying out educational work” important compared to country Y.

The third judgment is correct, and we saw this during our own analysis of the diagram.

The fourth judgment is also correct; we also determined this during the analysis of the diagram and marked these positions as minimally identical.

The fifth proposition is not correct, this is clearly visible in the diagram. The indicators indicate the opposite result.

Right answers: 1, 3, 4.

Task No. 13

Choose the correct judgments about the state and its functions and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. Environmental requirements established by the state form the basis of the country's environmental security.
2. The fundamental feature of any type of state is the implementation in it of the principle of separation of powers.
3. The state has a monopoly right to legally use coercion through law enforcement and security forces.
4. The external functions of the state include determining the general direction of the state's economic policy in accordance with the achieved level of economic development.
5. The state creates a regulatory and organizational basis for the effective and high-quality activities of government bodies.

Answer: ___________________________.

When completing task No. 13, it is important to remember the concept of “state”, its main features, external and internal functions. The first judgment directs us to such a feature of the state as the exclusive right for lawmaking. Therefore, the proposition “environmental requirements established by the state ( lawmaking), form the basis of the environmental security of countries” is correct. The second judgment is not correct, because the principle of separation of powers is implemented in a democratic state, and, therefore, this feature is not fundamental for any type of state.

The third proposition, “the state has a monopoly right to legally use coercion through the forces of law enforcement and security agencies,” essentially takes us to the most important feature of the state – monopoly legal right to coercion. The fourth judgment is erroneous, since it reflects the most important internal function of the state “determining the general direction of the state’s economic policy.” The fifth judgment combines two features of the state: lawmaking and the system of bodies and mechanisms for exercising public power (we are talking about government bodies). We read: “the state creates normative And organizational basis for efficient and high-quality activities government agencies.

Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .

Task No. 14

Establish a correspondence between the issues and the subjects of state power of the Russian Federation, to whose jurisdiction these issues relate: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

To correctly complete task No. 14, you must have a good knowledge of the basics of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and the functionality of all branches of government in the Russian Federation. First, you need to carefully look at which subjects of state power of the Russian Federation are indicated in the task. In our case, they are not named directly, but the levels are indicated: only the federal center and jointly the federal center and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Knowledge of the principles of the federal structure of the Russian Federation will come to the rescue. Remember that in a federation the principle of the integrity of the state, the unity of state power, and the division of powers is realized, which is what we are asked about. Previously, we saw the separation of powers when completing a task about taxes. You need to remember what is in the exclusive competence federal bodies: all issues of international relations, defense and security, judicial system, federal property, etc.

The first competence is issues of ownership, use and disposal of land, subsoil, water and other natural resources is jointly managed A 2. Those. This is an issue on which the center and the subjects share responsibility in solving problems. Thus, it would be correct to include “implementation of measures to combat disasters” under the same position. AT 2. Federal funds for regional development implement the fundamentals of federal policy and federal programs, That's why B 1. Positions G and D fall within the exclusive competence of federal bodies, therefore G 1, D 1.

Task No. 15

In the democratic state Z, during the reform of the electoral system for parliamentary elections, a transition was made from a proportional electoral system to a majoritarian one.

Which of the following remained unchanged during this electoral reform? Write down the relevant numbers.

1. free and voluntary participation of citizens in elections
2. granting the right to vote to citizens over 18 years of age, regardless of nationality, gender, professional affiliation, level of education, income
3. secret voting procedure
4. voting in single-member constituencies
5. dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by a party on the number of votes
6. possibility of nominating independent non-party candidates

Answer: ___________________________.

Question No. 15 is related to the electoral process. Despite the fact that at the beginning of the question they explain to us the reform, during which there was a transition from a proportional electoral system to a majoritarian one. The essence of the question is not so much about the types of electoral systems and their reform, but about elections in general(subject " Political participation"). We need to remember the basic principles of elections in a democratic state: direct participation of citizens, universal, equal, direct suffrage, secret ballot, voluntary participation.

Accordingly, the first judgment is correct. The second judgment refers us to the principle of equality in suffrage, therefore it is also true. The third judgment is correct; one of the principles is also presented - secret voting.

The fourth judgment goes beyond the question: which of the following remained unchanged during this electoral reform? Voting in single-mandate constituencies takes us to the organization of the electoral process under a majoritarian system, as opposed to a proportional system, where the state acts as a single electoral district. This means that this judgment reflects a change in the electoral process. The answer is not correct in our case. The dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by a party on the number of votes also applies to proportional electoral system, which is not true for our question. The sixth option also reflects the majoritarian electoral model.

Correct answer: 1, 2, 3 .

Task No. 16

Which of the following applies to the political rights (freedoms) of a citizen of the Russian Federation? Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. holding meetings and rallies
2. appeal to government agencies
3. payment of legally established taxes and fees
4. defense of the Fatherland
5. participation in the management of state affairs through their representatives

Answer: ___________________________.

Question No. 16 again takes us back to the basics of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation. Rights and freedoms of man and citizen. It is important to know four groups of rights and freedoms: personal (civil), political, socio-economic, cultural. Our assignment asks about political rights, which ensure the participation of citizens in the exercise of political power. Therefore, holding meetings and rallies is correct, appealing to government bodies is correct, participation in managing the affairs of the state through one’s representatives is correct. Payment of taxes and fees, protection of the Fatherland are among the constitutional responsibilities of a citizen, as well as compliance with the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation, concern for the preservation of historical and cultural heritage, care for children and disabled parents.

Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .

Task No. 17

Choose the correct judgments about family law in the Russian Federation and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. Family law regulates property and personal non-property relations between family members.
2. The marriage is suspended due to the civil registry office declaring one of the spouses dead.
3. Marriage takes place at the civil registry office (registry office).
4. The legal regime for the property of spouses is established only by a marriage contract.
5. Parents are required to provide maintenance for their minor children.

Answer: ___________________________.

Analyzing the materials of assignment No. 17, we highlight the basic concepts and norms related to family law. The first judgment will be correct, since it refers us to Article 2 of the Family Code. The key institution of family law is marriage concluded in the civil registry office (judgment 3), which gives rise to mutual rights and obligations of the spouses. The second judgment confuses us a little; it is known that in connection with the death of one of the spouses, the second spouse needs to come to the registry office to obtain a certificate about his death, and as a consequence of this, dissolution of marriage. Our assignment states: a marriage is suspended due to the civil registry office declaring one of the spouses dead. The answer is not correct. The fourth and fifth options take us to the property rights and responsibilities of spouses. The fifth option is correct, since the wording is at the intersection of constitutional obligations and family law norms: parents are obliged to provide maintenance to their minor children. But the fourth option is erroneous because of its wording: the legal regime of the spouses’ property is established only marriage contract. This is not true because Not only a marriage contract, and also the norms of family law, i.e. legal regime The property of the spouses is regulated by family law and established by the marriage contract.

Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .

Task No. 18

Establish a correspondence between the examples and measures of legal liability in the Russian Federation: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Task No. 18 relates to legal liability. When completing the task, it is important to remember the types of legal liability: criminal, administrative, civil and disciplinary. A reprimand is a disciplinary sanction - A 2. A warning refers to a type of administrative penalty - B 3. Dismissal on appropriate grounds (for example, absenteeism, a single gross violation of labor duties, repeated failure by an employee to fulfill labor duties, etc.) – AT 2. Note - disciplinary action, G 2. Imprisonment - criminal liability for committing a crime - D 1.

Task No. 19

Joint Stock Company "Sweet Charm" produces confectionery products. Find in the list the features that distinguish a joint stock company from other organizational and legal forms of enterprises. Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.

• division of the company's authorized capital into equal parts, each of which is issued by a security
• mandatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees
• employees' duty to comply labor discipline
• distribution of profits between employees in accordance with their labor participation
• bearing the risk of losses within the value of the securities owned by the participant
• payment of dividends to owners at the end of the year

Answer: ___________________________.

To complete task No. 19, it is necessary to distinguish between the organizational and legal forms of enterprises. In our case, select distinctive features joint stock company. We remember that joint stock companies, like limited liability companies, are classified as business entities. This commercial organizations, i.e. the purpose of their activity is to make a profit. The authorized capital is divided into certain number shares Participants can be citizens, legal entities and public legal entities. Therefore, answer option 1 – “dividing the authorized capital of the company into equal parts, each of which is represented by a security” will be correct. It is known that shareholders are not liable for the obligations of a joint-stock company, but bear the risk of losses from the company’s activities within the limits of the value of their shares. Therefore, option 5 – “bearing the risk of losses within the value of the securities owned by the participant” (share – security) will be correct, as well as answer 6 – “payment of dividends to the owners at the end of the year.” Judgments 2 and 3 – “mandatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees”, “obligation of employees to observe labor discipline” refer to general provisions of Labor Law. But “distribution of profits among workers in accordance with their labor participation” is a characteristic of such an organizational and legal form of an enterprise as a “production cooperative” (artel).

Right answers: 1, 5, 6 .

Task No. 20

Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing. Select from the list provided the words that need to be inserted in place of the gaps.

“A person who actively masters and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is _________(A). This is a person with his own socially formed and individually expressed qualities: _________ (B), emotional-volitional, moral, etc. Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people _________ (B), learns and changes the world and himself. The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is at the same time a process of _________ (D).

Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social connections, a person’s relationship to the world and with the world, to himself and with himself. It is characterized by _________(D) to develop, expand the scope of its activities and is open to all influences of social life, to all experience. This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, and bears _________ (E) for his choice.”

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word can only be used one once.

Choose one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you will need to fill in the blanks.

List of terms:

1. activity
2. intellectual
3. duty
4. everyday
5. responsibility
6. socialization
7. personality
8. pursuit
9. communication

The table below shows the letters representing the missing words. Write down the number of the word you chose in the table under each letter.

When completing task No. 20, I recommend that you first try to read the text and independently substitute words that, in your opinion, are suitable in meaning. This is how a semantic understanding of the content of the text is achieved. And when you read it again, select words from those on the list. You will have a situation of success when the words you selected coincide with those proposed from the list. So, we try to read, inserting words that are close in meaning, then select from those available in the task.

“A person who actively masters and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is personality (A)(personality is a set of socially significant properties and qualities of a person. Where a personality is formed - in society. What a personality does is transform the world and himself). This is a person with his own socially formed and individually expressed qualities: intellectual (B), emotional-volitional, moral, etc. (in this case, social significant qualities). Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people, activities (B) cognizes and changes the world and himself (one of the definitions of activity is the conscious activity of a person, through which a person changes the world around him and changes himself; the process of human interaction with the world around him). The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is at the same time a process socialization (G).

Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social connections, a person’s relationship to the world and with the world, to himself and with himself. It is characterized desire (D) develop, expand the scope of its activities and is open to all the influences of social life, all experiences (again explained through the process of socialization, which lasts throughout a person’s life). This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, carries responsibility (E) for your choice (freedom and responsibility in human life).”

Part 2

Read the text and complete tasks 21–24.

In a broad sense, underemployment is a situation in which the work performed does not require the full use of the individual’s qualifications and professional training, does not meet his expectations and does not allow him to receive the salary that he could have had performing that work (and in that volume) , which I could claim...

Cyclical unemployment is associated with fluctuations in labor demand. A recession is a cyclical decline in business activity that causes people to lose their jobs until demand picks up again and business activity picks up. Seasonal unemployment occurs due to seasonal fluctuations in the demand for labor. It affects those involved in fishing, construction and agriculture. Those who change jobs and those who are not currently employed due to moving from one place to another are called functional (frictional) unemployed. Functional (frictional) unemployment is considered, although inevitable, but still an acceptable consequence of a healthy economy. It can be assumed that even with full employment, wage earners will move from place to place.

The structurally unemployed experience difficulties in obtaining work due to insufficient or becoming insufficient qualifications, discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, age or disability. Even during periods of high employment levels, unemployment remains disproportionately high among the structurally unemployed.

Unemployment is not just a lack of work... Although unemployment can be a creative, will-mobilizing experience, most people who go through it report experiencing despair, powerlessness and confusion, especially if they have been out of work for longer than a few weeks. For most people, employment is the main thing, and often the only way providing material needs for food, clothing, and a roof over your head. Research shows that those who do not like their jobs still prefer to keep it even when given the opportunity to live on other incomes. Although working conditions can cause adverse consequences, lack of work leads to no less problems: increased stress, family conflicts, and addiction to alcohol and drugs.

(K.H. Brier)

When starting to complete tasks on texts 21-24, you should initially read the text very carefully and highlight the main semantic fragments of the text. Work through the text with a pen to ensure maximum absorption of the content. I do not recommend that my students immediately read the question and randomly, during a quick reading, look for answers. Typically, this practice leads to incorrect answers and lower scores on the exam.

Task No. 21

How does the text indicate the effect of a recession on cyclical unemployment? What sectors of the economy, according to the author, are affected by seasonal unemployment? (Indicate all industries mentioned in the text.) How does the author explain the inevitability of functional (frictional) unemployment?

Answer: “A recession is a cyclical decline in business activity that causes people to lose their jobs until demand picks up again and business activity picks up.” Those. labor demand fluctuates.

Task No. 22

It is also better to complete task No. 22 in parts.

Answer: “underemployment is a situation in which the work performed does not require the full use of the individual’s qualifications and professional training, does not meet his expectations and does not allow him to receive the salary that he could have had performing that work (and in that volume) , which I could claim..."

Hypothesize why some workers accept underemployment (make two hypotheses). When completing this assignment, I recommend that students write each guess on a new line.

In our case, we can model the answer using the text. We do not provide examples because this is not specified in the assignment.

Answer: workers agree to part-time work because it is important for a person to feel significant and needed. Even part-time work gives a person a sense of stability, relieves social tension, and gives the opportunity to participate in public life.

Workers agree to part-time work because in a crisis, even such work can be the only source of income for their families, protection from social upheavals, and allows them to maintain their way of life.

Task No. 23

The author notes that “even during periods of high employment levels, disproportionately high unemployment remains among the structurally unemployed.” Using social science knowledge, explain the reason for this level of unemployment among these categories of citizens. Name any two measures to prevent discrimination against the categories of citizens indicated by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The author tells us the reasons for high unemployment among the structural unemployed: insufficient or insufficient qualifications, discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, age or disability. But the task also requires the use of social science knowledge. We recall that from the social studies course we know that structural unemployment is associated with the inability to employ people in certain professions and the discrepancy between supply and demand in the labor market.

Answer: A high level of structural unemployment, even during periods of high employment in the country, is usually associated with changes in production technologies and scientific and technological progress. Those. people of certain professions are no longer in demand in the labor market (examples are not required in the task, only an explanation of the problem).

Name any two measures to prevent discrimination against the categories of citizens indicated by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. In this case, we are asked to turn to the norms of the Labor Law of the Russian Federation, since it regulates relations in the field of hired labor.

Answer: The Labor Code of the Russian Federation contains prohibitions on discrimination:

1. citizens of the Russian Federation have equal opportunities for workers to be promoted at work, taking into account labor productivity, qualifications and work experience in their specialty, as well as for training and additional professional education;
2. restrictions are prohibited labor rights or receiving advantages depending on gender, race, skin color, nationality, language, origin, property, family, social and official status, age, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, affiliation or non-membership public associations or any social groups, as well as from other circumstances not related to the employee’s business qualities.

The guarantee of non-discrimination of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides for the right of a person who considers himself discriminated against in the sphere of labor to apply to the court for restoration of violated rights, compensation material damage and compensation for moral damage.

Task No. 24

Why, according to the author, does unemployment cause a state of despair and confusion in a person? Using social science knowledge and facts of social life, make two assumptions about how the mobilizing effect of the unemployed state on a person is manifested.

Using social science knowledge and facts of social life, make two assumptions about how the mobilizing effect of the unemployed state on a person is manifested (in this case, we must give examples, because the question says “facts of social life”).

1. Unemployment provides an incentive for retraining if the profession is in little demand in the labor market. A break in employment for retraining and improving the level of education. Citizen N, after registering with the Employment Center, was sent for vocational training as an electric and gas welder.
2. Unemployment provides an opportunity for self-employment. For example, after dismissal from his main job when an enterprise in Moscow was closed, citizen N moved to the Moscow region, submitted documents to the Moscow Employment Center, where he received advice on opening a farm, assistance in drawing up a business plan and one-time financial assistance.

Task No. 25

What meaning do social scientists give to the concept of “art”? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, compose two sentences: one sentence containing information about the types of art, and one sentence revealing the essence of the educational function of art.

Task No. 25 can be successfully completed only if you know the basic concepts of the course. Art is a form of culture that reflects the surrounding reality in artistic images. An artistic image can be expressed in different types of art: music, painting, architecture, sculpture, literature. Works of art have a great influence on the formation of a person’s personality.

Task No. 26

Name and illustrate with examples any three main responsibilities of an employer enshrined in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.

In task No. 26, it is necessary to name and illustrate examples of any three main responsibilities of the employer enshrined in the Labor Code:

1. Ensure safety and working conditions in accordance with labor protection standards. At enterprise N, in order to improve the working conditions of workers, training sessions were held on injury prevention,
2. Pay wages in full on time. For delaying payment of wages, the management of enterprise Y was held accountable in the form of being forced to pay employees interest in addition to their wages.
3. Implement compulsory social insurance for employees. In the employment contract signed by citizen N with the company, a clause on compulsory social insurance of citizen N was included in the section of the employer’s responsibilities.

Task No. 27

A new political party was registered in State Z. It has central governing bodies and regional branches. The party proclaims as its basic principles traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, and society over the interests of the individual. During the elections, the political party received the required number of votes and received seats in parliament. Determine the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation. Give the fact that allowed you to draw this conclusion. Name any two other types of parties distinguished by this criterion, and briefly describe any one of them.

• the party is registered;
• central government bodies and regional branches (a sign indicating a mass party);
• basic principles: traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual (a sign indicating ideological affiliation - conservative);
• entered parliament after the elections (participates in government - a sign indicating the ruling party);

Now the questions: Determine the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation.

Answer: Conservative Party.

Give the fact that allowed you to draw this conclusion.

Answer: Because it defends the principles of tradition and stability of development (traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual).

Name any two other types of parties distinguished by this criterion, and briefly describe any one of them.

Answer: According to their ideological orientation, liberal and socialist parties can be distinguished. Signs of the liberal party: inalienability of natural human rights, their priority over the interests of society and the state, political pluralism, free market economy.

Task No. 28

You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “Types of families.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.

To write a plan for any social science topic, you must clearly understand the structure of studying the topic. Essentially, this task tests students' understanding of the structure of the topic. Therefore, writing a plan depends on the quality of assimilation of the topic material and understanding of its structure. In this case, the topic of the plan is “Types of families.”

1. The concept of family as a small group based on marriage or consanguinity.
2. Family functions (in this option the plan may not be indicated)
3. Types of families according to the nature of relationships between members:
1. Traditional (patriarchal family), its features:
   A) cohabitation of several generations;
   B) male supremacy;
   C) economic dependence of family members on men;
   D) strict distribution of responsibilities
2. Partner (democratic) family:
   A) nuclearity;
   B) decision-making by all family members;
   C) women’s economic independence;
   D) fair distribution of household responsibilities
4. Types of families in relation to raising children:
1. Authoritarian;
2. Democratic;
3. Liberal (permissive)
4. Modern tendencies in family development

Task 29

Select one from the statements proposed below, reveal its meaning in the form of a mini-essay, indicating, if necessary, different aspects of the problem posed by the author (the topic raised).

When expressing your thoughts about the raised problem (designated topic), when arguing your point of view, use knowledge received while studying a social studies course, corresponding concepts, and data public life and one's own life experience.

(Give at least two examples from different sources for factual argumentation.)

29.1. Philosophy. “The privilege of fish, rats and wolves is to live by the law of supply and demand; the law of human life is justice.” (D. Ruskin)

29.2. Economy. “The types of businesses are different, but the business as a system remains the same regardless of its scale and structure, products, technologies and markets.” (P. Drucker)

29.3. Sociology, social Psychology. “We need schools that not only teach, which is extremely important, that’s the most important thing, but schools that nurture the individual.” (V.V. Putin)

29.4. Political science. “The supreme power is worthy of veneration only insofar as it is the means of securing human rights.” (A. Custine)

29.5. Jurisprudence. “Protection of rights is a duty to society. He who defends his own right defends the right in general.” (R. Iering)

Exercise 29. 3. “We need schools that not only teach, which is extremely important, that’s the most important thing, but schools that nurture the individual.” (V.V. Putin)

When writing an essay, first of all, it is necessary to clearly understand the sphere of society to which the chosen topic relates. You should carefully read the proposed topics, analyze your “baggage of knowledge”, understand which of the topics you have clearer theoretical ideas on, which of the topics you can give the best examples that reveal the content of the topic.

In this case, we chose a topic from the section sociology, social psychology. We understand that a problem immediately arises modern school, education systems. The eternal question: the tasks of education, training and education, what is more important? The issue of socialization is also touched upon - “schools that educate the individual.” I note that we cannot go into the concept of the topic of the spiritual sphere of society here, because we are writing an essay from another section. So, let's try to write.

What social order should the school fulfill - to give students only a high level of education? Or fulfill an equally important mission – personal development?

As is known from the course of social studies, education is a way of personality development through people’s acquisition of knowledge, acquisition of skills and abilities, development of creative abilities through a system of social institutions, the most important of which is school.

When we talk about a school as an institution that provides education, we understand that we are talking about a social institution that has a number of elements: these are educational standards and programs, operating principles, which include a network educational institutions and governing bodies.

To improve the quality of education, the state is taking a number of measures: lengthening the duration of training, increasing the requirements for the level of qualifications of teachers, using the variability of educational programs, building individual educational trajectories for students, equipping schools with modern equipment, and introducing new forms of final certification.

As a result, we see school graduates demonstrating high scores on the Unified State Examination, which gives them the opportunity to take budget places in leading universities in the capital. According to the results of international studies presented by the Higher School of Economics, in which 49 countries took part, Russian primary school students occupy leading positions in the world in reading, mathematics and science. And also 8th grade math. According to researchers, this result was achieved thanks to the introduction of new educational standards and a unified state certification system.

But are educational results enough for society and individuals? The author of the quote clearly points us to the most important component educational process: education of a person’s personality.

Based on the functions of education: economic, social and cultural, it becomes clear that it is in the cultural function - the use of previously accumulated culture for the purpose of educating a person and developing his creative abilities - that this problem manifests itself.

In addition to lessons, grades, exams, there is also a richly eventful school life: class hours, school festivals, hikes, joint trips with classmates in Russia and other countries.

In all this, the student learns to interact with other people, demonstrates his abilities and talents. It is in this atmosphere that it is realized social function education. Through the socialization of the individual, the assimilation of social norms, statuses and roles.

As an example, we can cite our favorite film from childhood, “Eccentric from 5 B,” which vividly demonstrates how the school community and class shape Bori’s personality. How he learns responsibility when he is assigned as a 1st grade counselor.

Thus, V.V. In his statement, Putin once again emphasized the importance of society and school understanding the inseparability of the two most important processes associated with the socialization of the individual – education and upbringing.”

How to properly prepare for social studies:

1. Constant practice is required.
   • Pay special attention to the Unified State Exam in Social Studies 2019. The demo version from FIPI will help you understand the structure of the ticket and understand the requirements. will guide you on what topics you need to study.
   • Prepared for the solution 10 training options with answers. They are developed by teachers based on demo version.
   • How more tests will be decided, the higher the preparedness will be, since the memorization mechanism is triggered. Don't be lazy to work on your mistakes. Solve online tests every week until you make mistakes. Registered users on the site can track statistics of solved tests.
2. Manage your time correctly to solve practice tests to get maximum amount points.
   • Tasks 1-3 and 10 are solved in 1-4 minutes;
   • Tasks 4-9 and 11-28 are given from 2 to 8 minutes;
   • Tasks 29 - 45 minutes.
3. Work with text

   To complete standard tasks 21-24, skills in working with text information are important. When training to solve Unified State Exam tests in social studies online, pay attention to tasks that require not just extracting and reproducing the essence from the information sheet, but also interpretation, your own understanding of what was said or written, and the use of social science knowledge in the formulation.

   Task No. 29 (essay) includes 5 alternative tasks focused on writing an essay on one of 5 topics. Topics represent statements by famous public figures, as well as representatives of politics, science and culture. The task is traditionally considered the most difficult in CMMs.

   Helpful hint: To write a high-quality essay, you must be able to reveal the meaning of a judgment (statements, quotes), draw on the studied provisions of the social sciences, draw your own conclusions and elaborate with vivid examples.

Converting points to grades

• 0-41 points - “unsatisfactory”;
• 42-54 points - “C”;
• 55-66 points – “good”;
• 67 points and above - “excellent”.

The minimum is 42, and the maximum is 100.

The Unified State Exam test in social studies consists of:

• Part 1– of 20 problems, with a short answer in the form of a word, several words or numbers. Half of the tasks relate to basic level, the other part to increased. The first part is worth 35 primary points.
• Part 2– of 9 problems, with a detailed answer. Tasks 21 and 22 are basic, and from 23 to 29 are of increased complexity and are worth 30 points. Look with a detailed answer in social studies.

Remember!

• In 2019, the social studies exam will take 235 minutes (3 hours 55 minutes).
• It is forbidden to take with you foreign objects (cheat sheets, smartphones, headphones, smart watches, etc.).
• On the last day before the exam, review the material covered and review the solved options again.