Consumption for making plaster mortar. Consumption rates for cement and sand for concrete and other mortars

Cement sand plaster is classic version finishing material, which is used to level internal and external surfaces. Resistant to high and low temperatures, as well as their differences, moisture and mechanical damage, together with the relatively low cost of the material, make it one of the most popular among professionals and home craftsmen.

Cement-sand mortar is considered one of the simplest due to its composition:

Binder. This component is usually Portland cement grades from 100 to 500. Depending on the grade of cement, the finished coatings differ in different quality. For interior decoration it is better to use more premises expensive materials marked 400-500. For external surfaces, high quality coating is not necessary, so it is permissible to use cheap substances 100-300. It is important to remember that it is strongly recommended to use Portland cement M500 for decorating surfaces in wet rooms.
Filler. In the lineups of this type It is customary to use an inexpensive filler - sand. The manufacturing technology of cement-sand plaster allows the use of any type of sand, the only main thing is that it is cleaned and sifted. But it is better to opt for standard yellow quarry or river sand for plaster with a fraction of 20-40 microns. Before use, it must be sifted to remove shells and silt impurities.
Solvent. In this case, ordinary purified water of any origin is used: plumbing, well, natural reservoirs, and so on. The main thing is to ensure that there are no solid fractions in the liquid.

The main components of cement-sand plaster

The above components are classic for preparing cement-sand plaster, but to improve some of its qualities the following substances are added:

Lime dough. Used for weight loss ready-made mixtures, increasing their plasticity and moisture resistance of finished coatings. The lime content is usually small: no more than 1 part of lime paste is required for 2 parts of cement. In this case, cement and sand are mixed first.
Gypsum. This material is added to compositions to speed up the process of surface hardening and strength gain. This is usually required when processing ceilings and hard to reach places. The proportions of gypsum and cement are 1:3. It is highly not recommended to pour more gypsum, since the finished solution will harden too quickly.
Liquid soap or dishwashing gel. No more than 3% of the total mass of the solution is required. This substance increases the plasticity of the material and makes the contact of the plaster with the wall more dense.
PVA glue. The content of this component in the composition of cement-sand plaster should not exceed 5%. Using glue at home, you can polymerize the solution, which will increase its adhesive properties and increase the service life of the finished surfaces.

Additional components, used to improve the quality of cement-sand plaster

You should know! The quality of the finish directly depends on each component of the plaster solution.

Component ratio for cement-sand plaster

The most common solution is mixed in proportions of cement and sand 1:3, but depending on the brand of binder, the ratio of sand and cement can change several times. Water is added little by little until the plaster reaches the desired consistency. As for lime, its content should not be higher than the cement content, so the proportions cement-sand material with the addition of lime paste the following: 1:3:0.5. If you plan about 2 cm, then the cement consumption will be about 6 kg per square meter, and sand will need 18 kg. For a regular 25 kg bag of cement you will need 2 standard bags of sand.

The production of cement-sand plaster is as follows:

IN plastic container pour cement and sand into required proportions and mix hand tools(trowel, trowel).
A special nozzle for mixing is inserted into the drill chuck and the tool is connected to the network.
Add water to the container in portions, constantly stirring the solution.

The result should be a homogeneous gray mass, without any inclusions, with the consistency of thick sour cream. The container is left for 15 minutes, after which it is mixed again. At the very end, glue or soap is poured.

The plaster is mixed until a homogeneous solution of creamy consistency is obtained.

Additional components for plaster

To enhance or impart certain characteristics to the material, the following substances are used:

Crushed mica. This material is necessary to protect the finished coating from exposure to ultraviolet waves. At the same time, the mineral for plastering walls significantly increases the alkalinity of the solution.
Marble chips or flour. Most often, the substance is added to give decorative properties to the plaster, but the stone also increases the strength of the surface.
Quartz sand. Depending on the desired effect, the mineral fraction can be from 0.1 to 6 mm. Also increases decorative properties and improves resistance to acidic substances, including various detergents.
Metal shavings. It is used extremely rarely for home repairs, but in industrial facilities it is used to increase the strength of coatings.
Expanded polystyrene. This polymer is used for insulation, so expanded polystyrene chips in the composition of cement-sand plasters will increase their thermal insulation.
Ground barite. Used to protect coatings from radio wave exposure. Most often in demand for finishing the walls of medical institutions, industrial premises and residential buildings located in contaminated areas.

To improve the properties and characteristics of cement-sand plaster, additional components are used

Preparing walls before applying plaster

The first step is to remove the old coatings and thoroughly clean the walls from greasy stains, leftover paint, wallpaper, and so on. All metal or plastic fasteners are removed from the surfaces; if the fittings stick out from the wall, then they need to be trimmed using a grinder, and the remaining part should be treated with anti-corrosion liquid.

Then the walls are cleaned of the resulting dust and treated with a primer. This operation must be performed at least 2 times with an interval of 4 hours. This material will increase adhesion and protect walls from the formation of pathogenic bacteria, mold and mildew.

Before application cement-sand mortar, the walls must be thoroughly cleaned and primed

After this, paint beacons are installed:

From the corner, measure 30 cm towards the center of the wall, and then install the first beacon. The product is checked for verticality using a building level.
The same operation is carried out on the other side of the wall.
Two threads are pulled between the parts, which will serve as a level for the remaining beacons.
Products are installed on the entire wall every 1.5 meters.
After checking the level, the beacons are secured with the same plaster that will be used to cover the wall.

At the end you need to prepare all the necessary materials:

For mixing, you need containers for dry ingredients and ready-made composition, electric drill with mixer attachment.
For application - spatulas different sizes, trowels, rule.
For grouting - trowels, trowels, and a grinding machine.

Splash

This is the first layer of plaster, which requires more than liquid composition than for the base layer. The prepared plaster is scooped onto a spatula or trowel and transferred to the surface using the “throw” method. If the master has experience, then you won’t have to stretch and level the mortar; home craftsmen are recommended to treat the walls with a trowel.

The first layer of plaster is a spray, applied by “throwing” the solution onto the wall

On a note! The thickness of the spray differs depending on the base material. For concrete - 3 mm, brick - 7 mm, wood - 1 cm.

Priming

The first step is to install the reinforcing mesh. This can be a chain link or a painting net, for wooden surfaces - shingles. The products are stretched onto the wall and secured with self-tapping screws around the perimeter and in the center. Then use a wide spatula to scoop more solution and transfer it to the wall. Thus, the gap between the two beacons is filled, after which they take the rule and level the solution, moving the tool from bottom to top, while making zigzag movements. Then they go through the rule again. The plaster is left to dry and gain strength, which can take 7-10 days.

The second layer of plaster is applied to the reinforcing mesh

Covering

This finishing layer, which should be different high quality, therefore, for its application it is better to use plasters based on M500 cement with the addition of gypsum or various mineral fillers. If the latter are present, then the layer thickness should be equal to the filler fraction, otherwise the recommended layer is 3 mm. Plaster is applied in the same way as ground layer, but at the end it is rubbed with graters or half-graters, and after drying - with a grinding machine.

Covering – the finishing layer of plaster, which is subsequently grouted

How long does it take to dry cement-sand plaster?

Under standard conditions (temperature about 20 degrees, air humidity 75%), each cm of this type of plaster dries for about 12 hours. At high humidity It's better to wait 14 hours. Each layer of material increases the drying time of the finished surface by 30-40%. The proportions of cement and sand have virtually no effect on drying speed. Wooden surfaces dry faster, but the difference is 1-2 hours for each layer of plaster. Plasterboard surfaces dry in 8-9 hours with a layer of 1 cm.

Important! It is forbidden to speed up the drying process of the material using construction hair dryers and heaters. This may cause the surface to crack.

In order for the finishing of an apartment or private house to last for a long time, it is necessary to strictly follow the recipe for preparing cement-sand mixtures for plaster and the instructions for its application. At the same time, the ratio of cement and sand is one of the most important parameters.

During the interior decoration of a building, plaster based on a cement binder solution is often used. To get a high-quality solution, you need to know how much cement and sand is needed for plaster. It is best to purchase to make it more convenient to draw up proportions. Depending on the need and conditions of service in cement mortar add components that will impart certain properties to the resulting solution:

plastic;
frost resistance;
heat resistance;
resistance to aggressive environments;
slow or fast setting.

Division of cement depending on the amount of binder

If the question is how much cement is needed to plaster walls, then it all depends on what kind of solution is needed. As a rule, from 1 to 6 parts of sand are taken for 1 part of cement. The solution is divided according to the amount of sand taken into the part of cement: fatty, thin and normal.

A greasy solution is obtained if the amount of cement is very large. This solution has strong shrinkage and cracks easily (1-3 parts of sand). Skinny ones, on the contrary, have an increased amount of sand per part of the concrete, they do not shrink and do not crack (6=< частей песка). Нормальные растворы имеют optimal ratio filler and binder (4-5 parts of sand).

What proportions are they usually diluted in?

When using grade 400 cement, a solution is most often made with a ratio of 1 part cement to 4 parts sand. If you are interested in how much sand is needed in cement 500, then you need to add 5 parts of sand to 1 part of cement. It’s very easy to remember the values: for 400, 4 parts sand, for 500, 5 parts to 1 part concrete. At the same time, to obtain a high-quality solution, one must not forget to take into account that one year of storage: - 100 to the brand of cement. Many people forget about this property of cement.

Screed

If the question is asked - how much sand and cement is needed for a screed, then they mainly use grade 400 cement. The ratio of cement and sand is 1:4. The cement consumption for flooring is determined as follows: for a screed of 1 meter square and 10 cm high, one 50-kilogram M400 bag and 200 kilograms of sand are used. Calculation required quantity screeds are made according to the formula:

(Screed area, say 20 m2) * (screed height, and it is translated in meters, and 10 cm = 0.1 m) = volume of the required solution.

To calculate the required amount of sand and cement, it is necessary to divide the volume of the required solution by the number of parts (in this case there are 5) and multiply them by the average weight of a cube of material. For cement, this value is 1300 kg; if the exact weight of sand is not known, then the value is 1625 kg. Shrinkage also occurs in the amount of ¼ of the solution, and the resulting values will need to be multiplied by 1¼.

Plaster cement-lime-sand mixture.

When performing construction and is very often used plastering cement-lime sand mixture for brick, concrete and wooden walls. And although the popularity of gypsum plaster mixtures is enormous, many customers still choose cement-lime mortars for plastering. Lime-cement mortar for plastering walls has many positive characteristics, but its main advantage is its relatively low price. This material is flexible and also very durable. Cement-lime plaster has excellent adhesion to the surface and is usually used for finishing interior walls rooms with high humidity.

Cement-lime mortar composition.

IN composition of cement-lime mortar consists of three components: binder (cement and lime), filler (sand) and water. To make the mortar, you will need fresh cement of grade 400 or 500. When cement is stored for a long time in conditions that are far from ideal, the grade of cement decreases and the properties deteriorate accordingly. After a month of such storage, grade M 500 will turn into M 450, and in six months the cement may lose a quarter of its properties.

River or quarry sand must be sifted through a mesh with a mesh size of 3-5 mm. To prepare plaster it is usually used quarry sand, since it contains a small amount, so the solution is a little softer and more flexible. Also, to increase plasticity, you can add PVA glue (0.5 liters per 20 liters of solution), liquid soap(approximately 0.2 liters per 20 liters of solution) or add plasticizers.

If the lime is not slaked, then it must be slaked. Lime is poured into a barrel and filled with water, observing basic safety rules and using goggles and gloves for protection, since due to chemical reaction stands out great amount heat.

Cement-lime mortar proportions.

The proportions for plastering with cement-lime mortar during manufacturing differ depending on what kind of construction and finishing work it is planned to use. this material. One of the most common options for finishing walls with plaster: 1:1:6 or 1:2:9 (one part cement: one part lime milk: six parts sand).

Consumption of cement-lime plaster per 1 m2

The consumption of cement-lime plaster per 1 m2 with a layer thickness of 5 mm is approximately 7 kg. By volume, solution consumption per 1 sq. meter with a layer thickness of 5 mm is approximately 5-6 liters or 0.005-0.006 m3. It is recommended to apply a layer thickness from 5 mm to 30 mm. In practice, they take 1 bag of cement weighing 50 kg. and 40 kg. slaked lime, 550 kg of sand and 100 liters of water. At proper preparation plaster mixture from lime-cement mortar you can achieve high-quality finishing walls and reduce several times

The table of cement consumption per 1 cubic meter of mortar shows the quantitative weight proportions of the composition of the mortar mixture for screed, masonry, and plaster.

In conditions modern construction, use different types of cement-sand mixture, the difference of which lies in the proportions of the components.

As a rule, a solution in proportions 1:3 (1 cement and 3 sand) plus plasticizer and fiber fiber.
Used for masonry maca mortar 150 1:4 (1 cement and 4 sand), there is no point in taking a higher brand because strength grade of red brick M150.
For plaster 1:1:5.5:0.3 (1-cement, 1-slaked lime, 5.5-sand, 0.3-clay)— brand of solution M50.

Typically, cement is used as a binding component in the preparation of mortar. It is absolutely clear that a cubic meter of mixture for laying brick walls and a cubic meter of mixture for concrete have completely different ratios of components, since these two mortars are intended for various types construction work.

Consumption of mortar for masonry

The ratio of cement to other components per cubic meter of mixture.
Beginning amateur builders often think that they can easily determine in what proportions to mix the components of the mixture “by eye.” And the price for these experiments are cracks in the foundation.
To correctly calculate the amount of cement in one cubic meter of mixture, expensive tools are not required. All you need to do is use:

table of concrete components - given at the beginning of the article.
concrete mixer;
scales (preferably electronic, although this is not a strict requirement);
a container in which you can measure the volume (most often, a bucket with a capacity of 10 liters is used for this);
calculator.

Proportion of ingredients for construction mixture(cement, sand, water, aggregate, and if required, special additives) is determined according to the type of construction work.

Answer: The theoretical determination of the weight of a cube of building mortar is complicated by the fact that solutions can have several components (complex solutions), different ratios of these components, as well as different types sand according to grain density.

The weight of 1 cube of solution directly depends not only on its components, but also on humidity. According to GOST, based on average density, solutions are divided into light and heavy. Light solutions include mortars volumetric weight less than 1500 kg/m3. Heavy solutions, accordingly, include solutions with a volumetric weight of more than 1500 kg/m3. Heavy mortars are prepared using aggregates with a volumetric weight of more than 1200 kg/m3 and, when hardened, they have greater strength and density. Lightweight solutions, due to the presence of many air pores, have lower thermal conductivity. The weight of a cube of solution also depends on the size of the filler grains, as well as on the granulometric composition - the ratio of the filler grains by size. The greatest volumetric weight of the filler and, as a consequence, the solution will be if a certain ratio is observed between the number of grains of different sizes. For example, 1 m 3 of sand with grains with a diameter of 1 mm weighs about 1400 kg, and a mixture of grains 0.15-5 mm already weighs 1600-1700 kg.
And if we take into account that sand is not the only type of filler, then we can conclude that the weight of a cubic meter of a complex solution can only be determined experimentally, by weighing vehicles, or approximately using tables:

Table Weight of 1 cube of solution depending on the type of binder and fillers

Name of solutions	Weight of 1 cube
Cement-sand mortar	1800
Complex mortar (sand, lime, cement)	1700
Lime-sand mortar	1600
Cement-slag mortar	1400
Cement-perlite mortar	1000
Gypsum perlite solution
Porous gypsum perlite solution