Do-it-yourself water supply installation at the dacha. Winter water supply at the dacha

There is no need to convince anyone that running water in a dacha is necessary. This is already obvious. Therefore, we will immediately dwell in more detail on how to make a water supply system in a dacha with our own hands, taking into account its operation in different time of the year.

First of all, you need to choose a water source. The cheapest and in a simple way Providing the dacha with fresh water is the construction of a well. It can have different depths. It all depends on the depth groundwater. Basically, it does not exceed fifteen meters, and therefore the construction of a well costs minimal costs. However, such a structure provides small volumes of water (up to 200 liters per hour), and it also contains various impurities (nitrates, heavy metals, bacteria).

Wells and wells: what you need to know

Well design diagram

A more acceptable option is to build a sand well, the depth of which, depending on the aquifer, can be from 15 to 30 meters.

Such a structure per hour can produce approximately 1.5 cubic meters water, which is enough for a small house.

What is better, a well or a borehole?

Drilling a sand well is carried out using the auger method - the rock is extracted to the surface. This usually takes from 3 to 5 days. However, the sandy aquifer contains a lot of clay and sand, and therefore filtration equipment will be needed in this case.

Modern owners country houses they are not always able and willing to spend time there without the benefits of civilization, especially when it comes to running water in the country. But even if it doesn't exist yet, it's not big problem with current capabilities. You can bring water into the house yourself, you just need to study some instructions and drawings. Moreover, self-assembly allows you to save money.

Source of water intake

Before building a water supply in your home, you first need to take care of the source of the water supply. However, the homeowner has three options for these purposes. Typically, this is a connection to centralized water supply, arrangement of a well or well. The source of water intake will depend not only quality characteristics water, but also the complexity, as well as the price tag of home improvement work.

Well as a source of water supply

The oldest and most proven method is to dig a well. As a rule, its depth will depend on the area in which the cottage is located. Watery strata can be located from 10 to 20 meters deep. Very often under such conditions the water can be contaminated heavy metals and nitrates, so you can use it only after installing special filters. But if it is possible to dig a deeper well, then you can do without additional water purification.

Construction of a water well

There are mainly two types of submersible pumps:

vibration;
centrifugal.

Thought independent device summer water supply visits many owners of country houses. Water is necessary for summer residents for technical needs (watering plants, feeding animals, etc.) and for hygiene procedures (shower, bath, etc.). Not all summer residents have the opportunity to connect to a centralized pipeline; there may be several reasons for this phenomenon:

distance of the site from the point of insertion into centralized system water supply;
high cost of work;
the need to install water consumption meters to pay for resources, etc.

The birth of an idea

Sometimes the idea of creating a summer water supply comes to new owners of country houses, when living in a country house is seasonal and investing in the installation of a centralized water supply is economically unwise.

Before the autonomous device summer version water delivery must be carefully studied possible options, comparing the effectiveness of certain materials. IN last years cast iron and steel pipes gave way to new pipeline fragments - polypropylene pipes. The cost of such products is almost 4 times lower than the same diameter and length steel material. There are savings. In addition, the lightness of polypropylene allows you to install any water supply system with your own hands, without special equipment or a professional team.

The easiest way to assemble a summer water supply with your own hands:

Design and procurement of materials

Before you go to the store for materials and consumables for the future summer water supply system, you need to carefully consider its design. Ideally this scheme drawn on paper, indicating all the branches and selection points. It’s definitely worth considering the issue of creating a couple of outlets “just in case” (possible expansion of the irrigation zone by next year etc.).

A sketch transferred to paper is necessary to accurately calculate the volume of materials. When designing, the following nuances must be taken into account:

water in the summer water supply will move under low pressure, at positive temperature parameters environment. Any type meets these requirements propylene pipes(PN-10, PN-20, etc.);
the pipeline passing along the surface of the site must have the required level of rigidity, which can be provided by pipes with a diameter of at least 25 mm. The optimal length of the products is 2 m (convenient to transport even in a personal car). In addition, couplings (straight and angular) will be required;
a filter for rough cleaning at the entrance to the pipeline will save the system from frequent blockages and breakdowns;
an important detail is the coupling, which has a union nut for quickly disconnecting the pipes;
outlets - for connecting to the watering hose system, creating a household outlet, etc. On releases you will need to install Ball Valves 1/2″;
combined transition fittings - for connecting pipes with metal elements;
to create a branch for summer shower– pipes with a diameter of 20 mm.
Tees equipped with plugs - plugs for draining water at the end of the summer season. These parts are installed on the most low points systems so that water comes out of the pipes by gravity.

Important: summer water supply can be laid directly on the ground, because there are no temperature changes (from heat to frost) from May to September

Tool selection

To connect polypropylene pipes for summer water supply you will need special tool– soldering iron. This welding machine is designed specifically for this work and consists of the following parts:

a soldering iron equipped with a heating element and a control unit (with temperature relay, indicators and switches);
a set of replaceable nozzles for different diameters of polypropylene pipes. They are attached to the heating element with special bolts;
a stand necessary for fixing the soldering iron during the welding process.

Important: Teflon nozzles are strictly not recommended to be cleaned with products containing abrasive particles, this leads to abrasion of the top layer (responsible for the quality of the connection of parts).

How are polypropylene pipes connected?

Diffusion welding of polypropylene pipeline parts is the melting of the surfaces to be joined after being placed in them welding machine. Experts recommend connecting only pipes from the same manufacturer; this is the only way to achieve high results.

Before placing the soldering iron head into the pipe, it is necessary to try on the cold parts, if you need to mark the immersion depth (mark the top and bottom, if necessary) with a simple pencil or marker. It is imperative to adhere to the recommendations of the welding machine manufacturer regarding adherence to operating conditions. cold welding: heating – welding – cooling. Elements prepared in advance for connection are placed on the nozzles of the device:

fittings - slide onto a special attachment - mandrel;
pipes are inserted into a special coupling nozzle.

Important: do not move the connected elements, scroll or otherwise change the position of pipes and fittings. This will weaken the strength of the seam, which will subsequently negatively affect the strength of the entire structure.

The exact time that must be maintained when welding polypropylene pipes is given in the table:

Important: the countdown of the welding time itself must begin from the moment the molten parts are connected.

In the described way, all the pipes of the homemade water supply are connected, fittings, adapters and taps are inserted in the right places. If you purchase materials in advance and prepare the welding machine, the work can be completed in a weekend.

If during the pipeline assembly process excessive pipe stresses are formed in certain sections ( uneven terrain, sharp turns, etc.), the polypropylene pipe itself can be slightly bent using construction hair dryer and a special nozzle.

To cut plumbing parts you will need scissors made specifically for cutting plastic pipes. These scissors differ in the size of the cutting diameter (40-75 mm). Some craftsmen use roller cutters. Cutting tool May be simple grinder, hacksaw or electric jigsaw.

Alas, it is not connected to every dacha plot central water supply. And walking on the water with buckets on a foggy morning is extremely romantic, but not very convenient and ineffective. An advanced gardener will try to rid himself of routine work, replacing hard physical labor with the activity of mechanisms. Let's talk about what it should be correct scheme country water supply with submersible pump.

Which source of water to choose for your dacha: a well or a borehole? The answer depends on the location of the aquifers and the structure of the soil. Clean and abundant artesian waters, as a rule, lie deep; drilling and equipping an artesian well is too expensive. Verkhodka can be found at shallow depths, but it is seasonal and is only suitable for irrigation. The optimal solution for a summer resident in terms of price/quality is the use of more or less clean groundwater. They lie above the first waterproof layer from the surface at a relatively shallow depth, most often 10-40 m. Three types are used to extract groundwater at the dacha hydraulic structures:

Wellpoint - thin (30-50 mm) steel pipe with a filter in the water intake area with a hand pump located above it. If the soil is not rocky, you can install the pipe manually. A column pump can raise water to a maximum of 7 m, so there is no point in installing a wellpoint deeper than 8-10 m. Its productivity is low, but as a cheap temporary option, provided that the water layer is located close to the surface, it will do.

A mine well, it makes sense to dig it to a depth of up to 15 m; with a greater depth, labor intensity and the danger of distortion increase. In the old days, wells were cut from wood or built from rubble; today they prefer to build from standard concrete rings, digging them in sequentially by hand.

Well with casing pipe and the possibility of installing a submersible pump in it. Up to 60-80 m, drilling a well and equipment for it is not cheap, but the costs can be called reasonable. With greater depth, the price increases sharply.

An artesian well is too expensive for an ordinary summer resident. A well up to the high water level is relatively cheap, but the water quality is low and the quantity is unstable. The best option- ground well or sand well

Features of country water supply

The peculiarity of the dacha water supply is determined by the nature of the operation of the dacha itself - it is seasonal. Private residential or wealthy Vacation home It is constantly heated, but the dacha is not heated during the cold season. To prevent pipes from bursting in the cold, water from them and storage tanks located in the freezing zone have to be drained. If the water supply is from a well, an underground structure - a caisson - is installed above it. If it is properly insulated, the tank can be installed there and not drained for the winter, draining only water from the pipes in the house.

Water supply equipment, so as not to bother with preserving it for the winter, can be placed in an underground well caisson. It must be thoroughly waterproofed and insulated

What to choose for your dacha, water station or submersible pump? The station is a very convenient thing, an inexpensive compact device three in one: pump, hydraulic accumulator, automation. The pump is surface-mounted, there is no need to bother with installation and maintenance. One problem: the maximum depth from which the station is capable of pumping water into the house is 8-12 m. If the water surface in your well or borehole is located lower, a submersible pump is the only option.

How to choose equipment for country water supply

Features of a country water supply system dictate their requirements when selecting equipment:

Selecting a water tank

How to choose a tank for tap water? By the way, you can do without it if you are only going to water the garden and install a washbasin in the yard. They turned on the pump, threw a hose onto the beds, filled the barrel, and turned it off. All things. But, if you want to have the benefits of civilization at your dacha in the form of a city washbasin and shower, semi-automatic watering of the garden, the water supply should be automated. It is necessary to have a container for water where the supply necessary to ensure stable supply. A relay will turn the pump on and off. Reservoirs can be of two types:

Open - a polymer or steel container installed at the highest point of the home water supply, usually in the attic. The reservoir communicates with the atmosphere; incoming water displaces air from it. Inside there is a float device, similar in design to that installed in toilet tanks. It monitors the water level in the tank, turning the pump on and off at the right time. There are other solutions for pump control.

The float device is a simple device, but it does its job well

An overflow tube is installed from the top of the tank into the sewer system or into the street if there is none, which will discharge excess water if the automatic valve does not work. The advantage of an open tank is its low cost and the ability to quickly and easily empty it for storage for the winter.

The choice of polymer water containers is wide. The tanks are equipped with all the necessary technological holes, which simplifies their installation

A closed tank is a hydraulic accumulator (membrane tank) in which water is under pressure, the constancy of which is maintained by a pneumatic element. The hydraulic accumulator provides stable pressure and allows you to organize water supply at a comfortable “urban” level and make full use of automatic watering systems. However, draining it during the cold season and then filling it again in the spring is very troublesome. Therefore, the hydraulic accumulator must be installed in an insulated well caisson or a heated technical room must be installed in the house.

Choosing a submersible pump for a summer residence

A submersible pump for water supply to a summer cottage can belong to one of two types:

Vibration - the well-known “Baby”, “Rucheyok” and their clones. Extremely cheap, but low-power. They are poorly suited for a pneumatic hydraulic accumulator; they cannot create sufficient pressure. But for an open tank it’s quite possible, except that the rate of replenishment of the tank may be low. Domestic vibration pumps are capable of lifting water from a fairly large depth, over 40 m. It is not recommended to use a vibration pump long time in a sand well, it contributes to filter clogging. There are no restrictions for use in a well.

The Rucheyok vibration pump is extremely cheap and very durable; only the valve (4) fails once every 2-3 years with frequent use. This part costs a penny, and you can replace it yourself in five minutes

Borehole, centrifugal and vortex pumps have greater power and can be used with any type of tank, both in boreholes and in wells. The lifting depth, depending on the model, is 60-80 m or more. To avoid failure, the submersible pump must be protected from dry running. More expensive models have built-in protection; cheaper ones will require an additional sensor and relay. The choice of equipment is large, the price depends on the characteristics of the pump and the degree of credibility of the manufacturer.

Well pump manufacturers offer models various characteristics, degrees of protection, quality level. Prices also differ significantly

Scheme of water supply for a cottage with a submersible pump

The scheme of a country water supply system depends on the type of pump, water tank, and the number of connected water points. For seasonal dacha When laying pipes, it is necessary to maintain their slope to the drain point so that the system can be preserved for the winter. From general rules: after the submersible pump (less often before it), it is necessary to install a check valve so that water does not flow into the well or well. In front of the hydraulic accumulator or open tank It is recommended to install a coarse filter. Here are some examples of country water supply schemes:

Scheme of a simple country water supply system with manual control. That's all there is to it: a submersible pump with check valve(on vibration pumps it is part of the structure), pipes, tees, taps, barrels. And a socket where the plug for the pump's electrical cable is inserted

A more advanced scheme with an open storage tank. The pressure in a free-flow water supply is low and unstable, but the system is inexpensive and simple. Do not forget that the tank on the roof must have an overflow for emergency release

Scheme of the most comfortable water supply with a submersible pump and hydraulic accumulator. Diaphragm tank in order not to drain it for the winter, it should be in warm room

If all of the above seemed too complicated to you and there is no desire or opportunity to independently arrange water supply at your dacha, it is better to contact specialists: good craftsmen will do their job reliably and quickly.

Many city dwellers enjoy spending time at their summer cottages, not only in the summer months, but also on winter weekends. To ensure that life in a country house does not differ in comfort from the city, it is necessary to equip your site with all possible communication systems. The most important thing for a dacha is an uninterrupted supply of water. After all, without this liquid it is impossible to grow plants, and living itself cannot be considered comfortable. This article will talk about how to organize water supply at your dacha with your own hands.

Selecting a water source

Before you start installing a water supply system, you should decide on the source of water. If the village has a central water supply, then the most the best option there will be a connection to it. But not all dacha cooperatives have such communications. Therefore, it is worth considering other options, namely:

well;
open source;
special tank;
well.

Each of them has its own positive and negative sides. The most traditional way water extraction in rural areas can be considered a well. In fact, it is a simple deep hole, the bottom of which reaches the aquifer. To get water from a well, it is enough to lower a bucket there or equip a pumping station (hose and pump).

But this method has its drawbacks. Firstly, if the well is summer cottage no, then it needs to be dug up. Such work is quite labor-intensive and costly. Secondly, the quality of water from the well is not always at the desired level. Of course, using such a source for watering the garden is quite acceptable, but it is not entirely suitable for drinking (it is necessary to additionally use purification and filtration systems).

Another source of water can be an open reservoir. If your dacha is located on the banks of a river or lake, then simply lower the hose there and connect it to pumping station. This source is great for watering, but it is not suitable for drinking and cooking. In addition, you must obtain permission to use water from a river or lake for irrigation.

You can place a tank on the site. It will collect water from drainage system or septic tank. This source is perfect for watering the garden and vegetable garden, but not for drinking. In addition, the collected water may not always be enough even for technical needs, so it is necessary to transport it by truck.

Note! The most optimal and convenient way Providing a summer cottage and a house with water is a well. This is the method most often found in country houses. The water from the well is quite clean, and if it is drilled correctly, there will be enough water for all needs.

Of course, this method is not without its drawbacks. The fact is that organizing water supply from a well requires quite large costs. Firstly, the help of specialist geologists is required. It is necessary to accurately determine the location and depth of the aquifer. Of course, costs can be reduced if your neighbors have already created such a system. You can simply find out all the parameters from them. Secondly, you are unlikely to be able to drill the well yourself. You won’t be able to do this without special equipment. In addition, the pipes for the well themselves can be quite expensive. But still, this method is considered the most reliable and popular.

Plumbing system for summer and winter

Many summer residents are familiar with such names as summer and winter water supply. Everyone knows very well that each season has its own water needs. IN summer period the need for liquid increases significantly, because plants need it.

The summer water supply can be made stationary or collapsible, it all depends on the wishes of the summer resident. In the first case, it is better to use metal-plastic or polypropylene pipes. With their help, a network of pipes is created at the dacha through which water flows to the right places. Such communications can be buried in shallow trenches so that the pipes do not interfere with movement around the site.

Note! If you don't want to lay a large number of pipes, then you can create a collapsible summer water supply system. Ordinary hoses that are connected to water distribution points are perfect for these purposes. In this case, when the cold season sets in, the hoses are simply put away in the garage or shed.

If you live on a summer cottage in the winter (or visit your country house on weekends), then you need to equip a winter water supply. But such a system will require great effort. First, you need to carefully consider the location of the pipes. It is worth considering the installation of access points to the water supply both in the house itself and on the site. Secondly, it is important to choose the right material and all equipment. In addition, you need to think about ways to insulate communications, otherwise the pipes will simply freeze.

Preparatory stage

If you decide to equip your country house or the entire area with a stationary water supply system, then the first thing you need to think about is the layout of communications. First, the owner must decide on the source of water. As noted above, a well can be considered the best option.

After that everything is thought out necessary equipment. If you only use the water supply for watering, then you will only need a pump. If you will use the system for domestic needs, then it is necessary to provide a water filtration and purification system, as well as devices for automatically turning on and off the pumping station.

Next, a drawing of the location of all devices and pipe laying is drawn up. The location of water supply points to the premises and on the site itself is thought through. Also, at the stage of drawing up the diagram, you need to clearly define the materials used and work out a plan for the upcoming work.

If we talk about materials, then, as a rule, polypropylene or metal-plastic pipes are used for laying water pipes. Their cross section will depend on individual characteristics water supply Here it is worth taking into account the pump power, water pressure, length of communications and other factors.

Particular attention should be paid to the choice of pump. The choice will depend on the source of water and your financial capabilities. For example, if you take water from a well, then you will need a submersible pump. For a well, you need to choose a deep unit. The best, but also the most expensive option is the purchase of a pumping station. This unit is already equipped with all necessary equipment automation and water purification.

Work on arranging a water supply system at the dacha

When the diagram is drawn up and everyone is prepared necessary materials and the device, you can begin the work itself on creating a water supply system. The first step is to mark the route of pipes and equipment installation locations.

Then trenches are dug for laying communications. It is important to maintain the depth correctly; it should be below the soil freezing level (if you are going to use the water supply in winter period).

Don't forget about a place to lay the armored cable from which the pump will be powered. It can be laid in the same trench with pipes or made as a separate line. If the water source is located near the house, then it is better to make an overhead line.

Note! Connection pumping equipment must be carried out using a separate machine, the power of which meets the requirements of the equipment operating instructions.

Next, the pump is installed and connected. Everything will depend on the selected water source. In each case, the installation of pumping equipment, and, accordingly, the order of its connection, will be different.

After installing the pumping equipment, the water supply pipes are connected. Then the tightness and performance of the entire system is checked. After this, you can fill the trenches.

About insulation

If you are going to use the water supply system in winter, then you should think about insulating communications and all equipment. Without such additional protection the plumbing will not function.

In order to receive water during the winter period, the following rules must be observed during installation:

The depth of pipe laying should be below the soil freezing level. This indicator can be obtained from construction companies or obtain information in special reference books.
Insulate the pipes. For these purposes you can use various materials. The main thing is that they can easily withstand exposure to aggressive environments and do not rot. Quite often, mineral or glass wool is used as insulation. IN Lately appeared new way protect pipes from freezing - this is a polystyrene foam shell. This material fits the pipes tightly, is easy to install and is not subject to rotting. You can also use heating cable, but this method will require additional operating costs.
In addition to pipes, it is imperative to insulate the equipment used, as well as the water source. If a wooden well is used as such, then additional thermal insulation is not needed. And here concrete structures must be insulated without fail. As a rule, a pit is dug around a water source to a depth below the freezing level of the soil. Then it is filled with thermal insulation material.

If the entire system is done correctly and insulation is done, then the water supply will work uninterruptedly. But, nevertheless, during abnormal cold weather it is better to take advice from specialists. During this period, it is better to leave the tap open. A small trickle of water will create movement in the pipes, which will prevent the water from freezing.