Install a heated floor in a private house. Warm water floors: installation diagrams in a private house, technical recommendations and do-it-yourself connections

Comfort and coziness in the house during the cold season depends on temperature regime premises. Poorly heated apartments and cold floors create a threat of colds for family members. One of the means to maintain a stable temperature in a living space is heated floors. Not always and not everyone has enough Money to call specialists to install them. It is important to learn how to make a water-heated floor with your own hands. Today we will tell you about it.

What is a warm water floor?

Water heated floor - a whole system modern heating, replacing radiators.

Water floor heating schemes

The simplest installation layout is snake.

Pipes are routed from the collector in the form of loops, covering the entire area of the room. Each loop goes from one wall to another, replacing the previous one. This method allows you to completely warm up only part of the room. Hot water comes only from this side. As it passes through the entire heating system, it loses heat. A cooled pipeline does not sufficiently warm up the part of the room remote from the coolant.

The design of a water heated floor with a snake in a private house is a labor-intensive process. Temperature changes in double snake are reduced, but installation remains labor-intensive.

The most in a known way The laying of pipes is considered to be a spiral, otherwise a snail. It evenly heats all rooms in the house.

Spiral covers the entire perimeter of the room, starting from the edges gradually approaching the center, and then from the center in the opposite direction. The 10 mm pitch avoids thermal pits. Installation using this method is quite easy and can be done by one person without an assistant.

Snail It is convenient because the bending of the pipes in it is insignificant. A spiral can be made in any part of the room, going around difficult places. It can insulate cold room space external walls, at the entrance to the veranda. An advantage of this scheme will be the possibility of establishing any pitch between the pipes.

There is a combined method of laying pipes - combination of snake and spiral. The snake can be installed, for example, at the entrance, where special heat is not required, and the snail can be installed in the central part of the room to create thermal comfort

Stages of installation of warm water floors

Stage 1 – installation of the technological unit in the manifold cabinet.

Stage 2 – floor preparation.

The floor surface must be horizontal without unevenness. Exceeding the level is allowed only by 5 mm. If the surface is uneven, then you need to make an additional concrete screed. We remove debris from the base with a powerful vacuum cleaner, then seal the cracks and crevices with cement.

Stage 3 – laying damper tape.

It is necessary in order to separate the heating plate from the walls, to prevent heat loss and to compensate for temperature deformations. Tape thickness 5-8 mm, height 15 mm. The tape must be laid around the perimeter so that after the screed and finishing coating it protrudes above them. At the end construction work the edge of the tape protruding above the surface of the finishing installation is cut off.

Stage 4 – We put a layer of thermal insulation, which will prevent heat loss from the circuits.

Expanded polystyrene or penoplex is used as a material for waterproofing. It also serves as a basis for laying pipes. Expanded polystyrene mats are overlapped on top of each other, inserted into the grooves. If the coating is exposed to moisture from below, then a vapor barrier is laid under these slabs. Thermal insulation can also be ordinary polyethylene film. You can use multifoil. Then, on top of the thermal insulation material should be applied reinforcing mesh, to which the contours are attached using plastic clamps, steel wire, a stapler and a clamp. An excellent way to attach pipes to reinforcing mesh is a PVC strip.

Stage 5 – a do-it-yourself water heated floor for a private house also involves laying pipes.

The pipes are laid in a snake or snail pattern. The segments between them (step) are laid out in accordance with the design documentation. From correct installation The efficiency of the heating will depend. The contours should be no more than 60-90m. If the room is large, then several more contours should be laid. It is important that they are the same length, from whole piece, otherwise the seal will be broken.

We cut off the ends of the pipes and attach them to the collectors. Tighten the Eurocone fitting with a wrench.

Stage 6 – check the heating system for leaks.

To do this, you need to fill the system with water under pressure. The pressure should be several times higher than usual, but not less than 0.6 MPa. This pressure should be maintained for 30 minutes. The next hydraulic test already takes 2 hours, and the pressure rises to 1 MPa.

Stage 7 – if the pressure testing was successful, then you need to pour the concrete screed. It hardens in about 28 days.

Screed for heated water floors

The screed is a cement-sand mortar with the addition of a plasticizer.

The modifier can be liquid or dry.

The dry plasticizer is diluted with water 1:2. The modifier promotes removal excess liquid, makes the solution plastic and homogeneous.

The screed in a warm water field protects the pipes from external influences and prevents depressurization of the pipes. It has good heat transfer: receiving heat from the pipes, it transfers it to the air in the room.

Types of coating

Water-heated floors are mainly used for tiles and porcelain stoneware.

These floor coverings heat up quickly and do not emit harmful substances. They are durable, not subject to deformation, and will last long time. Wide design solution will make the tiles a beautiful floor covering to suit your taste.

You can also use other materials: laminate, PVC tiles, linoleum, carpet.

You just need to take into account the features of these materials and listen to the advice of experts on using them as floor coverings heating system.

Wood shrinks at elevated temperatures. Therefore, there is no need to warm up the circuits above 27 degrees.

Thermal and sound insulating linoleum will not allow heat to pass through. Thermal conductivity is greater the thinner the linoleum. In addition, you need to take into account that small particles may get into it, which will be felt by your bare feet. Therefore, it is advisable to lay it by professionals. If you take on the linoleum coating yourself, do it carefully so that Decoration Materials lay down straight.

Chipboard, plywood or gypsum fiber board are laid on top of the pipes.

Laminate used as a floor covering in a heated water field has high thermal conductivity. The thinner its layer, the faster and more heat it gives off. This floor heats up faster, creating comfortable conditions for those living in the house.

Parquet is less reliable because it is exposed to high temperatures and pressure changes. This is a capricious material, so it requires careful care and sufficient moisture.

Cost of water heated floor

The price for a water-heated floor is on average 1500-3000 per sq. m. m. This price is made up of the cost of all materials: pipes, fasteners, insulating material, boiler, pump, manifold cabinet, floor installation work.

Water electric heaters are a system consisting of pipes of 20 mm diameter. There is a heating cable inside them. The antifreeze coolant is static and does not move, so a pump, boiler, or manifold are not needed.

Installed in a screed. Operating principle: when the power is turned on, the coolant heats up. When antifreeze heats up, pressure increases, promoting rapid and uniform heat distribution.

So, we told you about the warm water floor system with our own hands, and touched a little on electric floors. We hope that after reading the article, you have learned a lot of important and useful information about this system and will be able to buy a water heated floor and install it yourself.

Among existing options heating country house the simplest and most economical is the construction of a system for heating air masses indoors from below, or a warm floor. The market offers many alternatives, forcing owners to look for answers to questions: which system to prefer, how best to install a heated floor in a private home, and whether it is possible to do the installation themselves.

For country cottages with an autonomous boiler room, it will be cheaper and more convenient to use a water heating system for heating air masses from below the room. The locality of the network will allow you to regulate both the temperature and pressure of the coolant in the pipes, as well as its speed, quality, and costs. And this will affect the service life of the entire system, its efficiency and the ability to create optimally comfortable conditions in the premises. It is possible to organize an auxiliary heating system when connected to a centralized network. But it is difficult to judge how effective such a water floor will be in a private house, since the inclusion of an auxiliary system:

For these reasons, electric or infrared heated floors in a private house connected to central heating or an apartment would be more appropriate. If the heating system is autonomous, it is wiser and more practical to choose water heated floors. Let's look in detail at how the system works and is structured. We will also find out the question of how to make a heated floor in a private house without the involvement of specialists.

The principle of operation of heated floors in the house

The auxiliary system for heating air masses from below the room consists of:

The photo shows a diagram of a water heated floor in a private house, taking into account the radiator system. The latter will be needed in severe frosts, since the floor surface temperature should not exceed:

27-330С in a bathroom or bathroom;
21-270C in the kitchen;
24-290С in the bedroom, living room and other living rooms;
300C in hallways, corridors, lobbies, etc.

At this temperature of the air masses on the floor surface and the temperature environment outside the window below -100C create in interior spaces cottage, comfortable living conditions are impossible. Temperature calculations were carried out taking into account the influence of heated floors on human health during prolonged stay in the room and elevated temperatures in performance characteristics floor coverings.

The diagram above shows how to make a water heated floor with your own hands in a private house, but does not describe its operating principle. It's extremely simple. The water is heated by the boiler to 75-900C and supplied to the mixing unit. Here the temperature of the coolant from the “return” decreases. The mixing process is performed by a three-way valve. The coolant, cooled to 45-550C, is supplied by a pump to a distribution unit assembled from collectors to which the heated floor circuits - pipes - are connected. The supply type of equipment sends the hot substance into the system loop. Having given up its heat, the coolant returns to the reverse-type collector, then to the boiler.

The question remains unclear: how to make a heated floor from heating in a private house set temperature in each room. For this you need a servo drive. It is mounted in a reverse type collector socket. The device will provide automatic regulation of the degrees of substance in the system by closing and opening (the processes are determined by a thermostat) passages to the circuits. The equipment is also designed to reduce the load on the system. The servo drive operates smoothly and silently, so water hammer is completely eliminated. Here it is worth considering one nuance. If you are interested in how to make a heated floor from heating in a private house with two circuits, then you will have to include 2 servos in the circuit. The device must be installed for each loop separately.

Installation of water heated floors in a private house on a concrete screed

The organization of a water system involves laying pipes to supply coolant directly into the concrete screed. Can be used sand-cement mortar, but with the diagram of a heated floor system in a private house, which is given above, it is much less compatible. The structure will be as follows (as installation proceeds):

Concrete screed or floor slab;
Hydro insulating material. If the water floor in the house is laid on the ceiling, then the insulating layer does not need to be laid, because the proximity groundwater No;
Thermal insulation material. It is recommended to use polystyrene foam, but polystyrene foam can also be used. But you need to take into account that the foam will be subject to a load of at least 20-23 kg/m2. This means that its density must be more than 20 kg/m3. To avoid deformations, it is better to buy a slab with a density of at least 35 kg/m3 and even more.

An important point in figuring out how to make heated floors in a private house is correct choice materials for the floor pie. It is made taking into account loads and operating standards. Therefore, if more practical polystyrene foam is chosen as thermal insulation, its thickness should be over 20 mm. It is better to choose a slab with a thickness of 115 mm, otherwise you will have to solve the problem of how to make the heated floor in the house more efficient. The thicker the insulating material, the fewer leaks heat will be observed. Slab density - 32-45 kg/m3 or more;

Waterproofing. Great option for heated floors in a private house there will be polyethylene, which is rolled out over the surface in two layers. Material thickness - 110-155 microns;
Reinforcing mesh with a rod diameter of 4 mm. Its fastening is carried out to a concrete screed or ceiling, and not to insulating materials. Otherwise, the immobility of the system cannot be guaranteed;
Pipes. When figuring out how to make a heated floor in a private home, take an interest in the concepts of pipe production materials, pipe diameter and contour length. The optimal product is considered to be a pipe with a diameter of 16 mm (when servicing an area of more than 50 m2). With such a product, the length of the circuit should be made within 70-90 m. If the room is larger, lay 2 or more circuits or buy pipes larger diameter. For parameter 17 mm, the contour length is 90-105 m, for parameter 20 mm - 120 mm.

The well-known technology for laying heated water floors in a private house also involves calculating the pipe installation pitch. It can vary from 10 to 30 cm. In the coldest zones it is recommended to make it no more than 100-150 mm, in the central zones - 200-300 mm. The smaller the step, the warmer the zone. But when organizing a heating system in a private house in the floor, it is worth remembering that pipes, for example, made of metal-plastic, will be extremely difficult to bend without kinks or kinks. Therefore, the laying scheme, the number of contours and the step should be carefully considered;

Concrete screed. After attaching the coolant pipes with plastic clamps to the reinforcing mesh (use from 2 to 4 clamps per linear meter) the base is poured with concrete. The layer thickness must be at least 50 mm (calculated from the top surface of the pipe) when using pipes with a diameter of 16 mm. A thickness of 10 cm is allowed. If you are looking for an answer to the question of how to make water heating flooring in a private house with your own hands according to a scheme using pipes of larger diameter, which means keep in mind that the screed layer should be larger. But then the floor level will rise;
Substrate. When installing warm water floors in a private home, it is better to use thick cardboard, cork, or polyethylene foam. They are environmentally friendly and do not emit odors or toxins when exposed to high temperatures;
Finishing floor covering. A properly installed water-heated floor in a house goes well with ceramic tiles, laminate, parquet, and linoleum.

This is how a heated floor should be installed in a private house or apartment - the installation technology and materials do not change. Minimum height the floor cake will be 140-150 mm, but it may be more. If raising the floor level to this height seems impractical, it is wiser to install other types of heated floors in a private house - cable, infrared film, thermomats.

How to make heated floors from water heating in a private house correctly?

To organized system operation did not become a disappointment and a waste of money; the following points must be taken into account at the design stage:

Below are wiring diagrams laying a warm water floor in a private house on the ground floor. Please note: in cold areas the pitch is smaller.

How to fill a heated floor screed in a private house: proportions and materials

If water-heated floors in a private house are laid on a concrete floor with your own hands, then, most likely, the screed solution will be prepared independently. You will need one weight part of cement grade M 300 or 400, plasticizers, additives and fine-grained crushed stone with sand, or better yet, screenings. The main components are taken in proportions of 1:6 - one part cement and 6 parts screenings. When using crushed stone and sand, the proportion will be 1: 4: 3.5 - one part cement to 4 parts crushed stone and 3.5 parts sand.

If, when figuring out how to make a heated floor from heating in a private house with your own hands, you don’t want to waste time mixing the solution, you can use ready-made dry mixtures. They are bred according to the instructions on the packaging, which makes the work easier and faster. There is no need to add plasticizers and additives to ready-made mixtures.

The correct choice of screed mortar when considering the question of how to make a heated floor from heating in a private house yourself is extremely important. For example, a cement-sand screed will have less strength and lower heat transfer than a concrete screed. Therefore, experts recommend using concrete, which is also less susceptible to cracking during cooling and subsequent heating.

Now let’s learn the principle of how to properly fill a heated floor in a private house after installing the pipeline:

When pouring the solution, the screed must be carefully compacted. You can use special Building tools, or you can use an ordinary rake, a mop with a rag. This procedure is necessary in order to expel air pockets, the presence of which makes water floor heating in a private house less effective.

Do-it-yourself water heated floor in a private house: step-by-step instructions and technology

Having studied the installation of water heated floors in a private house, we carry out direct installation with our own hands. It should follow simple technology:

Preparing the base. If the walls and ceiling have not yet been plastered, it is better to carry out this procedure before installing a warm water floor in a private house yourself, otherwise it will be difficult to get rid of construction debris on the surface. This is extra work.
Laying waterproofing.
Installation of damper tape around the perimeter of the room.
Pouring rough screed. If you are installing a warm water floor in a private house with your own hands, then you must take into account that next steps work can be carried out after the rough screed layer has hardened. Do not lay the floor pie on material with a humidity higher than 80%. Otherwise, excess moisture will lead to cracking of the floor screed.
Installation of thermal insulation. When installing heated floors in a private home with your own hands, do not forget to secure the insulating material with tape to avoid movement and layering. The joints in the bottom row should overlap the solid areas of the sheets in the second row.
Laying out polyethylene film. The material must cover the entire surface area +50 mm of each wall. This excess, if you want to make a warm floor from heating with your own hands in the house reliable and durable, compact it carefully (the damper tape must not be damaged) with a spatula between the cake and the wall. If the film is laid in pieces, they are overlapped and glued with tape.
Reinforcement device. When figuring out the process of how to make floors for heated floors in a house, you need to remember one rule - there should be no progress. The mesh cells must correspond to the pipe laying pitch. This will make it easier to secure them.
Layout of pipes and their fixation. The operation is carried out strictly according to the chosen scheme for installing a heated floor for a private house with careful fastening and bending of pipes.
Installation of the collector.
Connecting pipes and systems to the boiler.

After the warm water floor made by yourself is connected to the heating in a private house, and the concrete layer has completely dried, you can warm up the surface. Installation with a concrete base is time-consuming and laborious. It should be started in the summer so that all layers of the floor cake dry thoroughly. Otherwise, the base will crack, which will lead to damage to the system. If there is no time to wait, it is better to install a heated floor from heating in a private house on wooden or polymer mats. The installation procedure will take no more than 3-4 days. If the given step by step production warm floor with your own hands in a private house, left questions, which means that it is better to leave the installation and design procedure of the system to professionals. Call us for a consultation!

If a private house is used for year-round residence, it needs to be additionally insulated. This helps reduce heating costs and create a favorable microclimate during the cold season. Many owners of low-rise real estate are primarily interested in the question of how to install heated floors in a private home and minimize heat loss? In this article we will describe the simplest solution - installation of a water heated floor system, we will talk about the advantages and disadvantages of the technology, and the features of pipeline laying.

Why has the underfloor heating system become so popular? Owners of private houses have received an excellent alternative to radiators, which do not cope with the assigned tasks so effectively. They cannot heat the room evenly, so the wall opposite the battery has a much lower temperature than the one on which the heating source is attached. The difference between the temperature at the floor and the ceiling is huge - heated air rises upward, and this is where the main heat is concentrated. The floor remains cold, resulting in a feeling of unpleasant discomfort.

Water heated floors in a private home help solve this problem, providing a number of additional advantages. Here is a list of their main positive qualities.

Clear advantages

The first and most important advantage of a water heated floor system is uniform heating of the room.

Using it as an additional or main source of heat, you can significantly save on heating your home.
The system helps to completely eliminate the use of bulky radiators, which fit very poorly into the concept of modern interiors.
This type of heating does not dry out the air in the room and does not burn oxygen.
When the system operates, there is no large temperature difference between cold and heated air, so swirling processes are eliminated. This means that air currents will not raise dust from the floor, creating difficulties for allergy sufferers and people suffering from pulmonary diseases.
The presence of a thermostat allows you to regulate and independently control heating modes.
Unlike electrical systems Water heated floors do not create electromagnetic radiation. It is easy to install it yourself, without resorting to the expensive help of professional craftsmen.

Existing disadvantages

Before installing a water system, experts recommend becoming familiar with the disadvantages it has. Such knowledge will help you avoid the most common mistakes:

Firstly, the process of assembling a heated floor is a very labor-intensive and lengthy set of measures that requires high initial costs.
Secondly, its installation requires pouring concrete on the floors. The pipeline through which the coolant will be forced to flow must be buried in a cement-sand screed. If it fails, it will be difficult to repair individual sections. You will have to turn off the system, completely dismantle the floor covering and chisel the concrete screed. And this is very difficult.

Undoubtedly, the system has many more advantages than disadvantages. Today, new technologies have emerged that help avoid them.

Note! If you assemble the system correctly, water heated floors will help you forget about the discomfort in your home associated with poor-quality heating for many years.

Installation features

How to make the floor warm.

There are two ways to assemble a water heated floor system:

Perform a cement-sand screed (if there is a need to lay the highway on a concrete base).
Use a special flooring system (if the floor base is wooden).
When installing pipes using a concrete screed, the installation diagram is as follows:
The concrete base is cleared of construction waste and dust. It is carefully examined to identify defects. Cracks and potholes are filled with thick cement-sand mortar.
Waterproofing is spread on the floor. Polyethylene film can be used as it. It is overlapped and the seams are secured with construction tape.
A damper tape is attached to the walls along the entire perimeter of the room. It minimizes the effects of screed expansion when drying.
To prevent the heat generated by the system from going down, insulation is laid on the film, one side of which has a foil layer. The thermal insulation material is located with this side facing up. It is better for these purposes to use a rigid material that is laid tightly end-to-end, and possible gaps between the individual elements are filled polyurethane foam. There is a reinforcing mesh on top of the insulation. The pipeline is attached to it according to the drawn up diagram.
The main line is connected to distribution manifold. The system is pressure tested and checked for leaks.
If the system is working normally, pour the floor with concrete yourself. The concrete screed will level the surface and prepare it for laying the finishing flooring. The main thing at this stage is to follow all the subtleties of the technology and prepare the solution correctly. Therefore, let's stop at at this moment in details.

Concrete screed

Thickness of water heated floor screed

To ensure a smooth floor surface, you need to know in advance how to make a concrete floor in a private house. The video posted on our website will help you study the features of this technology in detail. From the video tutorial it will become clear how to set up beacons, how they can be attached directly to the reinforcing mesh, how to pour a concrete floor by preparing the solution yourself. Therefore, we will not dwell on this issue in detail, but will describe how to properly dry a concrete screed.

Cement and sand are used as a filling solution - two ingredients mixed with water make it possible to obtain a special mixture that takes a very long time to gain its strength. The concrete screed will finally strengthen only three weeks after pouring. To prevent it from cracking, the screed must be properly dried:

On the second day after pouring, the concrete screed is thoroughly watered and covered. plastic film. You can lay a layer on top sawdust or sand, which will also need to be watered every two days.
The film can only be opened after a two-week period has passed. In the last third of the time, the screed dries open, but it is again watered every two days.
You can turn on the heated floor system only a month after pouring the concrete. Increase the heating temperature gradually.

Now you know how to fill the floor in a house and how to properly dry the screed. The final stage is the selection and installation of flooring. For finishing it is necessary to select materials that have a minimum heat transfer coefficient. Optimal choice – ceramic tile. However, today you can also use laminate, linoleum and carpet.

Generalization on the topic

Today, the water heated floor system is actively used for heating private homes. It’s easy to assemble it yourself if you study the algorithm of the existing technology in detail. This article described only one installation method - installing the system in a concrete screed. How to lay heated floors on wooden base, will be discussed in the next article.

Semyon Knyazev

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ABOUT One of the floor heating options is water heated floors. In such devices, heated water is used as a coolant, which circulates through a pipeline. It is heated with. During design, production repair work, as well as replacement heating devices you need to know the installation diagrams for water heated floors in a private house. Read more in the material below.

Water floor scheme

The components of the underfloor heating mechanism are the heating elements inside the floor. When choosing installation diagrams for water-heated floors in a private house, it is worth considering that such a design has a layered structure.

It is worth highlighting the following elements in the equipment design:

A concrete slab or other subfloor option is the base layer.

Thermal insulation is protection against improper heat distribution.

Installation of water floors.

Concrete solution.
Flooring.

Helpful information! The thickness of the entire structure should be between 7-15 cm.

Features of installation technology

Installing a heated floor is an excellent solution for rooms larger than 20 square meters. meters. In small rooms it is difficult to install water lines, so it is recommended to install electrical structures in them.

Traditionally, installation diagrams for water heated floors in a private house are designed using screeds. This is necessary due to the increased load from which the pipeline system must be protected. In addition, the pipes must be in contact with the screed, which functions as a heated surface.

Water lines are mounted using a special mesh, fastening sheets made of polystyrene foam or plates with grooves. The prepared base is covered with a waterproofing film. During installation, a reinforcing mesh is placed on the heat-insulating layer, on top of which the pipeline is mounted. Before proceeding with the installation of pipes, it is necessary to calculate the equipment to ensure the required heat transfer taking into account losses. The pipeline to the frame is mounted using clamps. A reinforced screed is also installed on top of the highways.

Helpful information! In apartments with many residents, install a similar design from central heating forbidden. When installing a separate heat source, special permission is required.

Related article:

Wiring diagrams

Compliance with installation rules affects the distribution of heat in the surrounding space. In a similar design hot water moves through the pipes, heats adjacent surfaces and cools down at the same time. Therefore, all installation diagrams for water heated floors in a private house start from the walls and move along the selected system to the exit or to the central part.

The following floor arrangement schemes are distinguished:

The snail system involves laying pipes in a spiral. In this case, with subsequent rotation, the structure narrows towards the central part. In this case, the main is laid loosely through the rows to leave room for pipes in the opposite direction. The spiral design ensures uniform heating of the room and also reduces hydraulic resistance. This results in less pipe consumption. The disadvantages of the scheme include the complexity of installation.

Scheme "Snail"

A snake is the laying of highways along external walls in the form of loops. Then the pipes are installed in a wavy line in the opposite direction. Installation of pipes in the form of a snake is characterized by ease of design. The disadvantages include temperature fluctuations due to frequent installation steps.

Scheme "Snake"

A combination scheme is a combination of two systems. This design is suitable for rooms with cold wall surfaces. In this case, the elements have the shape of loops, but in some areas they have the shape right angle. The circuit is mounted so that the supply pipeline is located closer to external walls. For better heating of the outer zones, a reduction in the pipe installation pitch is used.

Related article:

After making the calculations to select optimal step between turns, as well as determining the boiler power and purchasing a collector and thermostat, the selected installation diagrams for water heated floors in a private house are connected:

The ends of the lines are connected to the collector.

A thermostat and a pump are installed, located between the boiler and the collector.

The system is connected to the boiler.

The correct assembly of the structure is checked.

Liquid is pumped into the system and the boiler is turned on. If everything is done correctly, the floors will become warm in half an hour.

Helpful information! The type of installation diagrams for water heated floors in a private house depends on the heating method and geometric shapes premises. The main heating is carried out using spirals and double loops, and additional heating is carried out using single loops.

Connection diagrams

If the structure is connected to a boiler, then you will need to calculate its power. Its value should be 18-20% higher than the power of underfloor heating. A safety group must be installed on the circuit, which may also imply the presence of an expansion tank.

The line coming from the boiler is connected to the collector device. It is mounted in a prepared cabinet. The main line leaving the collector is installed over the required area according to the selected diagram, and the return pipeline is connected to the return collector. If different branches are installed, then the collector is equipped with a certain number incoming holes.

If forced circulation of liquid is carried out, then pumping units and mixer units for pumping water are installed in the area from the boiler to the collector. The temperature in the system is regulated using automated mechanisms and sensors.

Important information! Shut-off and control valves must be installed between the mains and the collectors. This is done to be able to turn off the tap in case of repairs.

Application of heat exchangers

Installation diagrams for water heated floors in a private house are often supplemented with a heat exchanger. This is a device that replaces the coolant in the floor structure and heating system.

An important function of the equipment is the movement of energy from the coolant located in a centralized riser to water, which moves through the pipeline to warm the floors. A similar exchange is also carried out from gas to water. Thanks to the heat exchanger mechanism, heating does not depend on the central heating system. Installing the device has many benefits. In this case, there is no decrease in the level of pressure of water flows and temperature. Which does not cause any inconvenience to your housemates.

Video: DIY installation of heated floors

After installation floor schemes and before installing the screed, the structure is checked for correct work and all kinds of leaks. In this case, verification is performed using different methods.

The system is tested using special equipment and an air mixture is pumped into it. During the process, the pressure rises to 4 bar. This method helps to detect even the slightest leak.

The test is also performed by filling the system with liquid under a certain pressure. Moreover, in half an hour its value should not decrease by more than 0.6 MPa. After a couple of hours, it should not drop by more than 0.02 MPa at a constant temperature of the internal liquid.

When connecting the system to the boiler equipment, a variety of manifolds are used. The system starts pump equipment and automatic mechanisms for controlling various parameters.

Installation diagrams for water heated floors in a private house are developed in accordance with the calculated energy consumption and its losses through the enclosing structures. It is worth considering that the total load depends on the insulation methods, wall material and thickness, as well as on the floors and on the number of door and window openings. It is recommended to install circulation pumps in each circuit to balance the underfloor heating. Also, when designing door and window openings, it is necessary to take into account the height of the floor covering structure.

Anyone can make a heated water floor with their own hands in a private home. home handyman. It will take patience, careful calculations, purchasing materials and missing tools. But in the end you will get a system that allows you to adjust the heating level throughout the entire floor. Let's consider the advantages and disadvantages of the water circuit, rules for selecting materials, installation diagrams, laying and connections.

Advantages and disadvantages of heated floors

Putting aside the complexity of installation, the craftsmen agree that water-heated floors in a private house are one of the most effective systems heating Compared to radiator system, water floor in wooden house can provide significant savings on heating costs due to uniform heating over the entire area. Additional advantages:

Low temperature operating mode. This means that the air in the room will not become too dry and stuffy.
There is no overheating of the air mass.
Water floor heating meets environmental safety requirements and sanitary and hygienic standards.
There is no negative impact on humans, since most of energy is transferred by thermal radiation.
The installation of water heated floors in a private house with ceilings of 3 m in height provides savings of up to 30%.
The installation system is hidden - this simplifies the process interior decoration premises.
Safety. By installing a heated floor from heating in a private house, the user does not risk getting a short circuit in the electrical circuit, as is the case with electric floors- the entire system consists of pipelines; ordinary water is used as a coolant.

Disadvantages of a water floor:

Labor intensity of work. Being a system of several layers of material, the structure requires careful preparation and adherence to the installation diagram.
Risk of leakage. To find a leaking link, you will have to lift the entire installation.
Involuntary weighting design features buildings. Layering materials in layers increases the weight of floors by 10-15%, so when installing a heated floor with your own hands on the 2nd and above floors, you need to calculate permissible load to the ceiling.

It is extremely important when installing a floor heating system to high-quality insulation buildings. In this case, having made a water heated floor with your own hands, you will not have to supplement the heating with convectors.

Design

Before drawing up a project, you need to make sure that nothing will interfere with the implementation of your plans. What you need to pay attention to:

Room height. The thickness of the entire heated floor system in a private house from scratch is 10-12 cm.
Doorways. When raising the floor level, it is important to maintain the height of the opening. You will have to estimate the price of a custom-made door or the possibility of increasing the height of the doorway.
Window placement/orientation. If they face the windy side, north/west, the system power should be increased.
Estimate bearing capacity floor beams. The weight of the entire system with concrete screed significantly increases the load.

It is not necessary to give up heating; you can consider the option of a flat (dry) water floor. The system consists of pipelines with a carrier laid on top of a boardwalk. In this case, there is no need to install a screed; it is enough to install it on top of the subfloor wooden frame, the height of which will be equal to the thickness of the insulation. Lay or fill in insulation (mineral wool sheets, expanded clay, sawdust), lay boards on top, and hide coolant pipes in the seams between them. The raised floor can be finished on top.

Scheme development

The scheme is developed taking into account the parameters of the room, technical characteristics equipment and materials. To make the calculation, indicators and data are determined:

floor area;
room height;
material of walls, ceilings;
type of thermal insulation;
type of finishing floor covering.

You also need to think about the desired t° mode. For the convenience of calculations, we present a table with indicators of the maximum t° mode for premises for various purposes:

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Room type	t° mode (maximum)
Living space and areas where people spend time standing	21-27⁰
Sedentary rooms, offices	29⁰
Hallways, corridors, halls	30⁰
Bathrooms (swimming pools)	30-33⁰
Premises for active pastime	17-19⁰
Premises where time of stay is limited	37⁰
Edge zones of any premises	35⁰

After specifying the parameters, a diagram is drawn up that contains the following data:

Installation points and dimensions of heating radiators, if any.
Layout of pipes with dimensions of diameter and length of straight sections.
The distance between the elements, t° parameters of the carrier in each pipe and the lengths of all circuits.
Heating power data for each separate room. The power of the radiator is calculated taking into account the location and length of the pipeline connected to it.

Also in the diagram you should indicate data on setting up the automation.

To ensure that the installation of a water floor is successful, when drawing up a diagram, listen to the advice of professionals: The diameter of the pipe affects the maximum length of the layout. For 16 mm pipes - up to 100 m, for 20 mm pipes - no more than 120 m. The parameters are needed to ensure optimal pressure inside the heated floor system. If the installation scheme for a heated water floor includes several contours, it is easier to make them the same length with a maximum difference of 15 m. The pipe laying pitch should not be more than 30 cm in the center and 15 cm at the edges. In regions with severe winters, a pitch of 10 cm is recommended. The location pitch affects the pipe flow rate. The calculation is done as follows: with a step of 10 cm, 10 m of pipe will be required per m² of room area, with a step of 15 cm, the consumption will be 6.7 m/m². When laying the circuit on the diagram, it is necessary to bypass the areas where plumbing fixtures and heavy furniture are installed. One circuit covers a room of no more than 40 m², maximum length sides of the contour up to 8 m. Thus, in the layout of floors in a private house, it is important to take into account:

pipeline laying pitch limits;
limits and contour size;
thermal insulation material in areas of reduced pitch.

The pitch always decreases in the area of the openings, and this must be taken into account in the layout plan.

Carrying out calculations

The standard formula for calculating the length of the circuit: the active heating area (sq. m) is divided by the laying step (m) plus the distance to the collector and the length of the bends. To obtain more accurate calculations, it is better to contact specialists, but this requires an investment of money, so we make a water-heated floor in the house step by step with our own hands.

Advice: “Thermostats are installed to regulate the degree of heating of the coolant. The maximum gradation on devices is 55°.”

Detailed calculation scheme:

The distance from the walls is from 30 cm.
The determination of the number of circuits is calculated based on the length of the pipe per circuit. When dividing the area of the room by laying step, add 10% for turns. Formula: L = S/N*1.1. Designation L - pipe length, S - room area, N - laying pitch. Thus, on an area of 40 m², when laying out a pipe with a pitch of 15 cm, the required definition is the sum of the lengths of all contours - 266 m.
When calculating the length of the circuit to the collector (one end - to the supply device, the other - to the return one), multiply the final figure by 2, and you will get the required length of the pipe from the connection point to the collector.
Pipeline material: for polyethylene with a diameter of 18 mm, length up to 120 m, metal-plastic - no more than 125 m. Masters do not advise making circuits longer than 90 m in order to ensure optimal hydraulic resistance and load on the coolant.
With a step of 30 cm, pipes of 3.4 m/m² are required; step of 25 cm - 3 m/m²; at 20 cm - 5 m/m²; at 15 cm - 6.7 m/m²; at 10 cm - 10 m/m².
If the area is 40 m² or more, the laying scheme is as follows: 3 circuits 100 m long, this makes it easier to ensure equal heating over the entire area.

Advice: “The length of the circuit is measured from the exit point from the collector, and not from the entrance area to the room where the system is installed.”

And now about how to calculate possible heat loss. The formula is complex and requires measurements of the heat transfer of all components and structures of the house, average precipitation, t°, air direction and other things. There are average indicators that the owner of the house can focus on:

In well-insulated buildings with installed sealed double-glazed windows, heat loss is 40 W/m².
In non-old houses with an average service life of thermal insulation of walls, windows, doors, the indicator is 70-80 W/m².
In old-type buildings with wooden windows and without insulation, heat loss reaches 100 W/m² or more.

Advice: "If heat losses buildings larger than 100 W/m², installation of a water-heated floor becomes impractical.”

Selection of components

To make a heated floor system in your home with your own hands, you will need the following set of materials: Boiler. As a rule, a water floor is made from gas boiler. This is economically beneficial and simpler in technology. The power indicator of a gas boiler should exceed the sum of all capacities of the floor system by 15-20%. Another option is electric water floors. Convenient for installation, but unprofitable due to the high cost of electricity. Circulation pump. The device will provide normal movement carrier through pipes. The boiler already has a pump, but it copes with the load if the house area does not exceed 100 m². Pipes. The choice is:

copper - durable, long service life, but high cost;
metal-plastic - durable, bendable, inexpensive and light in weight;
polypropylene - low price, high heating limit, but there is a high risk of buying a fake;
PEX - cross-linked polyethylene pipe - is a reliable option if the fastening is rigid and the step is minimal.

The calculated cross-section of pipes for do-it-yourself dry water heated floors is considered to be a size of up to 20 mm. Consumption per 1 m² (200 mm increments) is approximately 5-6 m. Insulation. Here the choice is:

foil polyethylene suitable for minimum thickness gender;
expanded polystyrene in ready-made mats with protrusions for laying out pipes in increments of 50*50 mm;
mineral wool - cheap, but impractical due to its ability to absorb moisture from the solution.

Tip: “A layer of insulation over basement a private house is always made thicker. It all depends on the required temperature of the carrier: the higher the indicator, the larger the insulation layer.”

Heat consumption meter. The device is needed for apartment buildings, where a warm water floor is laid. Manifold cabinet. Needed for installation of control elements and connection of pipe circuits with the heat supply main. Reinforcing mesh. The element helps to strengthen the concrete screed after the pipes are laid, but reinforcement may not be used. You will also need components for arranging the screed:

screed solution (cement, sand, water);
damper tape 10-15 cm wide;
fasteners for fixing the pipe.

The number of elements will be determined by a pre-compiled diagram of warm water floors from a gas boiler. If the planning work is done correctly, there will be no errors. But the diagram itself should be saved so that in the event of a leak, you can quickly remember all the installation and fastening points.

Technology of work execution

To make a water floor, the installation technology provides a step-by-step algorithm of work:

collector installation;
preparing the floor with laying out damper tape and insulation;
contour layout;
connection with leak testing;
crimping;
screed

After finishing preparatory stages the system starts up, then turns off and you can complete the finishing of the floors.

Assembly and installation of the manifold cabinet

When installing a water heated floor, it is extremely important not to skip any stages of work. Step-by-step instruction By heated floors involves a detailed examination of the technology; even a novice master will not have any difficulties. A manifold cabinet is a device that contains:

collector;
pump;
air vent valve;
drain outlet

The dimensional parameters of the device depend on the overall configuration. When choosing a unit, it is necessary to calculate the installation area - it must be equidistant from all circuits. It is not possible to fulfill the condition; we place the collector next to the longest pipe circuit.

Important! When installing a heated floor system in the area where the collector is installed, it is necessary to provide an area for bending the pipeline. Pipes are laid only from below to ensure normal coolant movement. Installing a shut-off valve between the loop system and the manifold is necessary for preventive maintenance and repair of the structure.

Preparing the base and laying insulation

To make underfloor heating in a private house, you need to carry out preparatory work based:

clean the base from debris;
remove height differences, leveling the plane as much as possible;
lay the selected thermal insulation material;
waterproofing (thick film) is laid on the thermal insulation;
along the walls there is a damper tape that will eliminate the effect of thermal expansion of the concrete screed.

An equal thickness of heated floors is necessary for high-quality heating of the entire surface, therefore, the better the plane is leveled, the more evenly the screed layer will lie.

Circuit design in different ways

When thinking about how to make a water-heated floor, you will have to take into account the area of the room. The pipe layout depends on this:

Snail. A contour of heated floors from the heating boiler of a private house is laid out around the perimeter of the room, going towards the center with a layout across a row. This scheme ensures rapid return of the coolant and increases the uniformity of heating of the area. Craftsmen prefer the “snail” in rooms with a complex shape, where it is necessary to shift the center of the pipe and in rooms with an area of 40 m² or more.
Snake or loops. This installation of pipes for a warm water floor is carried out from the collector along outer wall(one), then in waves with a return. Good layout for small spaces.
Meander or double snake. The combined layout scheme implies a parallel arrangement of contours. This option organizes the movement of coolant at different temperatures, compensating for heat transfer.

Important! The laying of water heated floor pipes always starts from the outside or the most cold wall premises.

To make laying out easier, a beginner should draw markings on the floor. Installation of the system with unreliable connections or pipe sections is not allowed - such a design will not withstand a long heating season.

How to make a heated floor correctly:

The installation of the floor begins with connection to the supply manifold. You can retreat only 7 cm from the wall, but it is worth considering the small layout step near the outer walls. This is required to reduce heat loss.
Once the pipe is laid along the entire contour, it must be secured with a clamp. Dowels are suitable if you tie pipes to them with wire. Another option is to lay a reinforcing mesh on the floor, tying a pipe contour to it; this eliminates the expansion of materials when heat is applied.

Advice: “A ribbed polystyrene backing laid under the contours of the system will increase the thermal insulation performance and help you install the heated floor with your own hands evenly, while maintaining the desired pitch.”

Collector connection

It's simple: the free end of the pipe, which remains after laying out the circuit, is connected to the return manifold. To avoid mistakes, you should first read the instructions for the unit.

Crimping

This is the name of the hydraulic testing process necessary to check the quality of the layout. If we are making a heated floor in a private house, then crimping will help to adjust the installation order and other nuances. Pressure testing is the launch of coolant into the system at the highest possible pressure. The pressure level must exceed the design minimum by 1.5 - 2 times (from 0.6 MPa). What to look for when crimping:

Half an hour after launch decrease permissible pressure perhaps by 10%, no more.
The second half hour - the indicator should not decrease by more than 2-15% from the original designation.
The temperature of the carrier must remain unchanged.

The total inspection time is 24 hours. It is better to give the stage up to 2 days to make sure that step by step installation The water heated floor was made correctly with your own hands, the floors warm up evenly and there are no leaks, loose fasteners or other defects.

Screed

The instructions for installing a warm water floor involve making a screed from cement-sand mixture, which conducts heat well or classic concrete. To make concrete, take cement grade from M300, water, sand and 3-5% plasticizer.

The thickness of the screed is 3-7 mm. You need to pour the prepared solution onto the circuits filled with coolant. In this case, the system operates in the mode specified during crimp testing. Drying time for concrete is up to 28-30 days, period for ready mixture you need to look at the packaging.

Advice: “If you need to make heated floors in a private house with an area of 40 m² or more, you must provide expansion joints.”

First start

The procedure is carried out only after the screed has dried and gained strength. Now you can turn on the collector and circulate the coolant through the heating pipes of the warm water floor. First, the t° indicator is set to +25°C, then increases every day by 10°C. With a gradual increase in t°, the system gains the required heating parameter in 2 days.

Finishing

Knowing how to make warm floors yourself, it won’t be difficult to decorate them. Warm floors are installed under laminate, carpet, solid wood, or tiles - in a private home, the latter option is the most convenient. But if the installation scheme for tiles remains the same, then installation for laminate requires a special approach:

The laminate must be High Quality. When heated, the material releases volatile substances; counterfeiting would be inappropriate. It is better to look at the “Warmwasser” marking - this is decor for floors with water-heated floors.
Thermal insulation and waterproofing materials cannot be laid under the laminate.
To ensure ventilation, a compensation gap of up to 15 mm wide is left around the perimeter of the laminate laying. Then the gap is covered with a floor plinth.
Before laying the tiles, you need to spread the laminate on the floor, leaving the water circuit warm. This is necessary to set the temperature - the lamellas will warm up and it will be easier to lay them.

Despite the lack of difficulties, craftsmen rarely make water-based heated floors under laminate. Lamels are characterized by low thermal conductivity; tiles have a higher thermal conductivity; in addition, any dies are made using chemicals. In this case, tiles are much more practical.

Operating rules

Knowing how to professionally install a heated water floor in your home, it will be useful to follow the rules of use. The requirements are simple and accessible:

Warm floors in a private house, the installation of which is carried out in compliance with the technology, always gain temperature gradually. By starting the circuit at its maximum level after a long period of inactivity, the owner will receive a reduction in service life.
The increase in temperature should be gradual, no more than 4-5⁰C per day.
The t° mode indicator of the incoming coolant is not higher than 45⁰С.
Frequent startups and shutdowns of the system are fraught with rapid wear and tear, but do not reduce costs.

To use heating with pleasure and without harm to health, it is recommended to maintain an optimal humidity level.

There are no special difficulties in the design. And knowing how to install a heated floor in a private house, the owner will be able to install it outdoors, for example, in the entrance area, stairs, or parking lot.