Well central water supply. Autonomous water supply: which is better, a well or a well?

Before you gain access to this or that source, you should sift through a lot of information that will undoubtedly be useful. The opinions of participants in the thematic forum can also become decisive in the choice of autonomous or centralized supply for both a cottage and a residential village. Communication with the neighbors around you, who have already drunk the cup of ordeal in this matter, will also become more useful.

Giving preference to deep, you will have to deal with compounds of iron, sulfur, magnesium and calcium salts. Dissolved iron is always present and their use in food is contraindicated. As a consequence, this is the inevitable use of mechanical, bacteriological purification with filtration on and.

In the case of a 20-meter well, you will have to deal with nitrates, nitrites, heavy metals, petroleum products, including other surfactants. A thorough, serious water treatment system will be needed to eliminate bacteria, various microorganisms, fertilizer residues, manure heaps and other surface impurities. After settling such a liquid, it will be necessary to use the same filtering devices and carry out a comprehensive analysis of it.

For central systems supply is most likely to be the presence of hardness salts and chlorine compounds. These compounds will also require deferrization and softening.

So why stop at a central water supply or a well, if the plot is registered and purchased, fenced, the house is already being built.
The natural desire to have your own artesian structure prevails over the option of centralized supply. However, in addition to the suitability of the site for a sanitary protection zone, the owner will need strong nerves, patience - for about five years and very large financial reserves.

However, all organizational issues are often taken over by specialized organizations involved in drilling operations. But a complex of technical, technological, supply, and transport issues, including, cost money. In anticipation of this, for a period construction work, you can get by with enough for technical, construction needs and even irrigation.

Centralized water supply is more and more often acceptable for mass construction sites. In this case, someone (an investor), purchasing an array, divides it into separate sections, builds appropriate communications on them and sells them to private owners. In this case, a part of the land is allocated on which to build, taking into account the project, sanitary zone and other permits. Drilling operations are completed by supplying water to each site.

Counts simple solution, but with a high risk of receiving technogenic contaminated water. There are also shallowings and drying out. There are also problems with modern filters.

The advantage of such a well is that there is no need for permits. So, the choice in favor of your own well or using the central supply line remains with the owner of the suburban building.

Benefits of a well

An artesian or lime well is considered to be a reliable source. This is, first of all:
. Decades of operation (sometimes 50).
. Unlimited supply combined with high quality.
. Preventing the ingress of waste and other surface liquids.
. No need for special equipment and equipment for lifting.

Disadvantages of the well

High construction costs.
. The need for iron removal and softening filters due to the high hardness of the source.
. Mandatory presence of a document permitting the use of subsoil.

Advantages of a trunk line

Connection to the central network will require permission from the organization operating the water supply system and the availability technical specifications for connection to the main line. Perhaps this is the most convenient option with advantages:
. There is no need to build a well or carry out drilling work on the site.
. Unlimited use of moisture.
. The water supply service is responsible for the technical condition and maintenance.
. Providing moisture in the event of a power outage.
. No need for storage tanks.

Disadvantages of a trunk line

Centralized supply also has a number of disadvantages:
. The presence of rust and chlorine salts in the water.
. Stopping the supply due to emergencies on the main line or Maintenance.
. Monthly payment for using water supply and many other expenses.
However, the ability to connect to the central network is not always possible due to the distance and small cross-section of the main line.

To conduct water supply in a private house, you can use a well or borehole

There are several ways to supply water to a private or country house. Use a central water supply, a well or a borehole. Comparing the pros and cons of each method will help determine which option is better. In addition, it is possible to arrange a source for several houses.

In private or country house Problems with water supply often arise. Typically, owners equip an autonomous source. As a rule, a well or borehole option is chosen.

A number of criteria are used to compare the pros and cons. First, the difficulty of finding the water layer is taken into account. From this point of view, the construction of a well is very difficult, because it requires thorough drilling. And for a well, due to its shallow depth, the procedure will not cause problems.

When choosing a source for water, you need to take into account the level of its pollution

For residents, water quality comes first. In a well source, the liquid is protected by a large layer of soil. In a well, contamination can easily get into the source due to its shallow depth.

The development of both sources does not require any permits or documents. But if the depth of the artesian is large, then documentation may be required.

When installing a well, it is used professional equipment, which simplifies the process. But for a well, most of the work is done manually. But when connecting communications there are more difficulties - when installing a well option.

The amount of liquid in the well is greater than in the well. And this does not depend on the season, which is often observed at wells. The quality of the fluid itself from a well source is quite high, but the fluid may contain impurities. The problem is resolved using a filter. The quality of water in the well is getting worse and worse every year.

The longevity of a well source can be measured in decades. At the same time, installations rarely require maintenance. The well is also durable, but requires periodic cleaning. A higher cost is observed when constructing a well.

Pros and cons of well construction

All positive and negative points due to the fact that the source is artesian. The liquid is particularly pure and is often sold in stores. The level of occurrence is quite deep, under calcareous layers, which provides good filtration.

Additionally, you can make a list of the pros and cons of a well and a well

Pros:

High quality water. This is the main advantage. The liquid is not contaminated by wastewater or melt water. The main thing is to drill at a considerable distance from sources of pollution. At the same time, the narrow shaft is easy to protect.
Availability of constant good pressure. The time of year has no effect on this. So, there is enough liquid for several houses at once. Average productivity is 50 cubic meters per hour.
Possibility of drilling at any time of the year. But it is important to do this when groundwater rises.
You can choose any location for drilling. You can even arrange it in the garage and basement of the house. This can reduce construction costs and significantly save space.
Easy maintenance. No need for frequent cleaning. The mine does not silt up because the water is quite clean.
Durability. Can last for 50 years.

Disadvantages include the difficulty of drilling. There may be difficult places and boulders. Working under the house itself causes many problems. Space is limited, making it difficult to work.

Installation is expensive. In addition to expensive equipment, you need to purchase the required installation elements and special filters.

If dirty, cleaning cannot be performed. All that remains is to drill a new structure.

Certain documentation is required. This includes permission, state registration and license. The device does not work without power supply. The installation is afraid of cold weather, so it requires insulation.

What to choose - a well or a central water supply

Owners most often choose the first. But along with an autonomous water supply, the device requires sufficient patience and financial costs. The drilling itself is performed by professionals. Registration of a license also requires separate costs.

Central water supply is most often used for apartment buildings. This option is also possible for mass development. Then the artesian source is dug into several areas. Water is supplied to every house. The central highway has a number of advantages.

If it is not possible to equip a well, you can connect to the central water supply

Advantages of central water supply:

There is no need to equip a well on the site or perform drilling work;
Unlimited water supply;
Communications maintenance is carried out by special services;
When there is a power outage, the supply of liquid does not stop;
There is no need to equip storage tanks.

The disadvantages of the central pipeline include the presence of rye and bleach in the water. In the event of an emergency on the central line, the fluid supply is stopped. In this case, you need to pay for services every month. The connection itself for the private sector is not always possible due to the distance.

Disadvantages of wells include high cost, the need for additional filtration and the availability of permits.

The quality of water in a well source is considered to be the best. He will last for a long time, and the liquid will not lose its characteristics. In addition, pollution and runoff cannot enter it.

Use on a number of houses

To save money, you can equip a well for 3-4 houses. But this option is rarely used. The point is that there are several technological features. You cannot use an adapter; you will only have to equip a caisson. The main advantage is the reduction in the cost of arrangement.

Quite often, one well can be used to supply water to several houses

Minuses:

First, problems arise with choosing an installation location. Which neighbor would sacrifice his own territory? In this case, the plot can be sold.
Only one will have to connect the well to electricity.
Water is used unevenly. A well is a common option for summer cottages, and some people only spend the summer season there. In the future, consumption between neighbors can lead to conflicts.
Financial problems associated with equipment breakdown.
Well debit. It will not be possible to determine the readings in advance. There may be enough water or very little. In addition, pressure drops cannot be ruled out. It is recommended to equip a pump.
To increase the chances of getting enough water, you can drill the well deeper. But this does not provide any guarantees.

You can find a compromise and come to an agreement with your neighbors, but not everyone is ready to bear such responsibility. Many summer residents sooner or later abandon such an idea.

Installing a water supply system in a private home requires effort. First you need to determine the water supply option. The central water supply does not have any difficulties with maintenance, but the supply of liquid and its quality leaves much to be desired. It's better to have your own borehole or well. But when comparing two options, the first one wins.

Gardens and vegetable gardens need watering, and the water utility requires owners of garden plots to sign special “watering” contracts at unpleasant tariffs. Why pay for irrigation? drinking water, if you can saturate your garden with moisture from your own technical well for free.

Watering with tap water

Having a central water supply on the site, gardeners spend drinking water for irrigation and pay considerable sums for irrigating gardening plantings. How much money does it cost? Let's do the math.

Average monthly required water consumption for square meter vegetable garden area (area according to the cadastre), according to official housing and communal services standards, is equal to 0.276 cubic meters of water with a central water supply. Those. watering a garden of 10 acres requires 276 m3 of water, the cost of which the owner will pay for 4 months (May-August) annually.

Considering the tariff price cold water"Ufavodokanal" in 2018, for May-June garden watering 10 acres will cost 13,121.04 rubles, and for July-August - 13,800 rubles. Thus, by watering garden vegetation with drinking water, the owner of a plot of 10 acres will spend 26,921.04 rubles this year.

Water prices are rising year after year, so next year Watering your garden with drinking water will be even more expensive. Moreover, water for domestic needs on the individual housing construction site will also be taken into account by the water utility and paid for in separate amounts.

The calculation performed was made for tariffing according to water supply standards without a water meter (meter) - with it it usually turns out to be somewhat more expensive. However, it may turn out cheaper if the spring and summer turn out to be rainy.

Watering from a well

The gardener pays the bills for watering from the water supply, although he can easily reduce them by turning to us to drill a well. Well cost process water, By by and large, will be determined only by the costs of filtration - eliminating iron and suspended matter. You cannot drink this water, but you can water your plantings with it as much as you like.

The depth of the technical well is less than 35 m (usually 10-25 m). Its hourly flow rate rarely exceeds 2 m 3 of water, but this is enough for irrigation and household needs (bathroom, washing dishes, etc.).

Our drilling rates will allow gardeners to get a stable source of irrigation water from a 20-meter well for 30,000 rubles. Is it expensive? With a similar amount, the owner of a garden plot of 10 acres annually pays for four months of watering from the water supply. Moreover, the well will provide water to the garden for at least ten years.

Filtration of industrial water

Sometimes, water from a technical well requires water treatment before irrigation. However, drinking water is not needed for irrigation; it is enough to reduce the concentration of ferrous iron in its volume.

A simple way to remove iron into a trivalent sedimentary state is by aerating water. Well water needs to be saturated atmospheric air, for which spray nozzles and an aquarium compressor are used. If better water purification is required, the aeration block is supplemented with a filter element filled with birm material. This sorbent mechanically captures aqueous iron and does not require frequent replacement, only regeneration by backwashing clean water(not chlorinated).

Water supply for drinking, well for irrigation

By combining two water sources in a private household - a central water supply and a technical well - its owner achieves the best conditions saving on water. At the same time, independence is achieved from external water supply communications, known for inconsistency of pressure and periodic breakdowns due to wear. If there is a technical well on the site, there will always be water for irrigation.

To supply water to a private home, you can connect to central networks or install an autonomous source.

Each of these options has limitations in application, positive and negative sides.

Wells are becoming more and more popular, and more and more owners country houses stop at this water supply option.

Connection to central networks is convenient for several reasons:

it's easier and cheaper to carry out, although permission is required from the organization supplying water and servicing the network;
water is supplied in unlimited volume, it is usually enough for all wiring points;
independence from electricity supply to the house.

But central water supply is not always available in the private sector. Exit - o development of a local source, which also has some advantages.

Worn-out urban networks affect water quality
The central water supply contains residual chlorine.
Central water treatment plants in some areas cannot cope with water purification.
In case of accidents or scheduled repairs, the water supply is temporarily interrupted.
You will have to pay monthly for water supply.

If autonomous water supply is more attractive, all that remains is to decide what it will be - a well or a well.

Types of wells and their features

There are three types of wells:

Abyssinian well, or needle well, – inch pipe, which narrows, turning into a filter pipe with a sharp tip. The depth of the source is no more than 12 m, and the surface of the water surface should be no deeper than 8 m due to the capabilities of surface water supply equipment (electric or hand pump). Average productivity – 1 m3.
Filter well(well on sand) is drilled at a depth of 15 to 50 in the sand layer. Its productivity is up to 1.5 m 3 /hour. This type of underground source consists of a water supply shaft, which is also casing pipe, head, bottom filter at the lower end of the column, deep-well pump.
Artesian well can produce over 2 m 3 /hour of water. The aquifer runs at a depth of more than 100 m and is located between 2 layers of rock, usually limestone. The structure consists of a casing, water supply pipes, a deep-well pump and a head.

Advantages and disadvantages

A well in a private house has pros and cons, which largely depend on the type of source.

But there is also several common benefits:

water security from external influence;
productivity is usually sufficient for full water supply at least a small house.

Among the disadvantages of wells is noise, but the head is often located outside the house in a special caisson. Even if the source is in the basement, the noise is minimal.

Another disadvantage is the need to purchase additional equipment.

Pros and cons of the Abyssinian well

"Abyssinian" is very simply designed. There are other positive aspects:

easy installation and dismantling
possibility of driving in the basement even a ready-made house;
service life – on average 15 years, after its completion, the structure can be dismantled and moved to another location;
low cost arrangement;
performance– about 1 m 3 per hour, this is enough to service a small country house;
if a hand pump is used, then water supply does not depend on electricity.

Negative characteristics are:

impossibility of construction in rock and when the water layer is deeper than 12 m;
the possibility of contaminants leaking from the surface.

"Gerbil": pros and cons

The productivity of a sand well is usually enough to service a small cottage.

Drilling and installation are carried out quickly. Water usually good quality, but there is probability of external influence, and in some regions the iron content is recorded in the source.

This source also has several negative characteristics:

short service life– up to 15 years;
susceptibility to siltation, especially during downtime;
need for annual flushing bottom filter.

Pros and cons of an artesian well

This source has other advantages.

Free from pathogens and surface contamination.
Long service life.
Consistency of water supply regardless of the season, drought, etc.

But the disadvantages are also quite significant.

Drilling is carried out only by specialists.
To carry out work, you must obtain permission; it is also necessary to license the source and enter it into the register.
High cost of arrangement.
Water is often characterized by high mineralization, which requires the purchase of a water treatment station.

“Artesian” is the most productive source. It may be enough to provide for a group of cottages and an entire village.

The need for maintenance and arrangement of wells is a common disadvantage

A sand well and an “artesian” are technologically advanced sources of water. When arranging them, in addition to drilling and installing pipes and a pump, you need to take care of several elements.

To protect the well head and equipment from atmospheric influences need a caisson. This is a sealed container with a bottom hole into which the head fits. Usually the caisson is buried in the ground.
To reduce the number of pump on and off cycles, it is important to install a hydraulic accumulator. This is a container for collecting liquid. It is installed either in the basement of the house or in a caisson.
Pump operation is controlled and protected by automation. Its installation and launch is best left to professionals.

The well itself and the equipment need maintenance.

When debit decreases and sediment appears in the water, the source is cleaned. You can clean the filter well yourself using a vibration pump. Artesian well being cleaned various methods, but it is better to leave the procedure to specialists.
Clean the hydraulic accumulator once a year.
Serviced annually deep well pump and automation, which is best left to specialists installing the equipment.
Check the tightness of joints in the caisson, especially at the point where the head enters the tank.

Advantages and disadvantages of wells

For small country house, which is used only in the summer season, a well is often installed.

The positive properties of such a source are:

simplicity and low cost installation;
possibility of manual water lifting, which is important in case of power failures;
ease of maintenance.

But the source also has disadvantages:

low productivity;
exposure to external pollutants;
the complexity of digging and the need to remove soil.

Features of autonomous water supply systems

Installation and operation autonomous system Supplying your home with water requires knowledge of several nuances.

When choosing a pump, it is important to take into account not only the flow rate of the well, but also its depth, the distance from the source to the house and the height of the building.
The volume of the hydraulic accumulator depends on the number of water consumers. It is usually calculated that there are 50 liters of water per person.
Before commissioning the source it is important to carry out microbiological and chemical analysis water. If necessary, select water treatment equipment.

Cost of implementation of two types of systems

Fee for connection to the central network depends on the region. The minimum price is 12-15 thousand rubles. Tariffs for water supply also differ.

Turnkey filter well costs about 200 thousand rubles. An artesian well is at least 2 times more expensive.

Well with all materials will cost about 15-25 thousand. About 25 thousand and cost Abyssinian well Full construction.

A well is a more expensive source of water supply and requires special costs. It is better to use it if there is no possibility of connecting to central networks or the water from them is of very low quality.

At the same time, you should not save money by choosing cheap equipment and hiring dubious companies to install it. For drilling, you need to choose a company that works in your region and has extensive experience and good feedback. Also, do not neglect performing initial and annual water tests.

In areas where infrastructure is well developed, owners of private houses have the opportunity to connect to a central water supply. But even under such circumstances, the question arises regarding water quality, since in most cases the water supply systems were laid many years ago, and the pipes are already high degree wear and tear, due to which the quality of water supplied to the house suffers.

An alternative to central water supply is autonomous water supply, which, despite the initial stage, requires significant financial investments from owners of cottages and private houses, remains the most preferable.

Features of central water supply

The presence of a central water supply gives owners of country property a lot of convenience and savings Money When connecting, it is enough to obtain the necessary permits and call a specialist who will insert it into the central water supply.

But with all its advantages, central water supply has a number of significant shortcomings:

Monthly payment for water use with constant price increases.
Interruptions in water supply associated with regular preventive and repair work.
Outdated water supply systems, which lead to deterioration in water quality and the need to use expensive filters.

Most country property owners prefer an autonomous water supply, even if there is a central water supply, since using your own well has a number of undeniable advantages:

Independence from municipal water supply.
No monthly water bills.
High quality water containing healthy minerals.
Uninterrupted operation.
Simplicity and cost-effectiveness in maintenance.

There are several options for organizing autonomous water supply:

Well installation. This is the most economical option organization of water supply, due to lower cost. But this will require additional water filtration due to the shallow location of the water. This option convenient for low water consumption.
Drilling wells to ensure uninterrupted water supply in any volume without loss of pressure. The quality of the water depends on the depth of the well, so filtration may be required.
Drilling an artesian well. This is the most best option, at which you receive high quality water beneficial for humans. Such a well has a minimum service life of 50 years.

Regardless of the chosen method of organizing autonomous water supply on your site, all work must be carried out by specialists who will not only issue the necessary permits, but will also carry out the work efficiently and reliably using specialized equipment and modern equipment, guaranteeing uninterrupted operation all systems for many years.