Modern combined house made of wood and brick - chalet. Advantages and disadvantages of combined houses made of stone and wood, design features

Combined houses made of stone and wood, the projects of which usually include a brick (stone, concrete) first (ground) floor and wooden second (attic ) is an attempt to level out the disadvantages of some materials at the expense of the advantages of others. Stone (brick) is very strong, durable and reliable material, but at the same time it takes a very long time to warm up and requires both internal and often external finishing work.

Wood is an environmentally friendly and healthy material with excellent thermal insulation, but it is also very fire hazardous and relatively short-lived. Combining these materials allows you to minimize costs, ensuring maximum energy savings and high construction speed.

Features of designing combined houses

House designs using stone and wood have a fairly long architectural history. These include half-timbered houses, which wooden frame filled with stones, or alpine chalets, which were originally the dwellings of shepherds.

However, the construction of a combined house made of wood and stone was quite common in Russian architecture - in the 19th century, enterprising merchants mediocre, minimizing costs, built two-story houses, in which the first floor made of stone was “business” - it housed a store (shop) or office. But the second floor was allocated for living space.

A combined stone-wood house will allow you to make the most of strengths each material:

  • use of brick (stone, concrete blocks) – non-flammable material- on the ground floor it is quite justified, because there is a living room with fireplace, kitchen, possibly a garage and other rooms with an increased risk of fire. In addition, in this case it will be easier to obtain permission and install the boiler on the ground floor
  • durability - to the greatest negative impact(moisture, fungus, mold, insects) are exposed to lower crowns wooden house, close to the ground. The first floor, built of brick, will last for decades without reducing reliability, because brick is practically not affected by negative natural factors, and wood will be protected from moisture and the influence of groundwater

Advice! When designing combined houses, you can abandon the high foundation characteristic of wooden houses– brick withstands moisture well.

  • energy efficiency - wood retains heat much better than brick, which will save on heating the living area, but you should not neglect the insulation of the basement
  • combining materials will significantly reduce total weight buildings, so you can further save on laying the foundation

Advice! To further reduce weight, the second floor can be constructed using non-material timber or rounded logs, but use frame technology

  • speed of construction - both the brick and wooden parts of the house are built quite quickly, but while the wooden part is shrinking (this can take up to a year for rounded logs, for laminated veneer lumber this is not very significant), you can finish the first floor and even move into it
  • aesthetics - combining materials allows you to get a very unusual and attractive exterior; such designs make it possible to implement interesting and non-standard design solutions and approaches.

The first floor, built of brick, is distinguished by its excellent practical advantages - it is stable, strong, ideal for equipment bathrooms, laundry, boiler room, mini-pool, warm garage, as well as a kitchen, dining room and living room. The second floor, built of wood, is distinguished by an environment of comfort and warmth, thanks to its natural qualities, wood provides natural air exchange and humidity control, so it is optimal to equip rooms with a minimum of utilities and installations - bedrooms, children's rooms, an office.

IN modern construction there is a gradual abandonment of brick in favor of aerated concrete or other types cellular concrete. First of all, they are lighter, which allows for additional savings on laying the foundation. Important point– with the same strength, aerated concrete has significantly better thermal insulation performance than brick. But the second floor can be built from rounded logs, profiled or laminated timber, or frame method.

There are two approaches to designing the facade of combined houses:

  • single style - in this case the whole house is decorated in the same style, the difference between floors is completely eliminated, for which it can be used as decorative plaster, and siding. Brick floor can be finished imitation timber, block house, clapboard, etc., so that visually the house is completely wooden
  • different design - the second floor in this case remains untouched (the wood can only be additionally painted or varnished), the first floor is finished decorative bricks or plaster, tiles, stone (natural or artificial).

During the construction of combined houses special attention will require a transition from a brick part to a wooden one. Between floors, like connecting element, use reinforcing metal pins - placing them in the upper rows of brick (stone) masonry, they are used to secure the first crowns of the second floor. Required condition– creating a waterproofing layer, for which you can use roofing felt, polyurethane foam and other materials that will provide protection wooden structures from moisture.

The desire to have your own Vacation home forces many residents of the metropolis to invest fabulous sums in construction. And the more intricate the cottage project, the greater the construction financing should be. At the same time the price finished house depends to a large extent on the material used for construction. And since stone is mainly used for assembling houses in Russia, a cottage costs a pretty penny. However, there is a very productive method of saving a family money on building their own nest - cozy and durable houses made of stone and wood. So, as a result of a combination of materials, it will be possible to save on the installation of the entire structure.

Types of combined houses

Use of diverse building materials the construction of houses has been known to history since the 15th century. And the main harmonious combination was the combination of stone and wood. This tandem allows you to make a powerful load-bearing base (or first floor) and install a lightweight version of the second floor or attic made of wood above it. The most popular examples of such combinations are:

  • Half-timbered houses. They originate from of Eastern Europe and Scandinavia. The construction of such buildings is based on a wooden frame, which is filled with natural stone blocks. Or this same timber frame is mounted on a pre-arranged stone lower floor. The house takes on the contours of reliability, massiveness and strength.
  • Chalet houses. They are also familiar as hunter's houses. These buildings came into architecture from the mountain Alps, where shepherds and hunters equipped themselves with housing in order to shelter from the changeable weather of the mountains. Snow or unexpected winds, rain or hot sun - all this could overtake the shepherd in the mountains at any moment. It was as a shelter that strong chalet cottages were built, based on a strong stone (ground) floor and wooden attic, sheltered from snow and wind by a sloping roof. Such a house made of wood and stone has today turned into special style architectural direction.

Important: the basic rule when combining materials in construction is to install a lighter floor above a heavier one. And even if the house has three floors, load bearing capacity building materials should decrease from bottom to top. For example, concrete ground floor, then the first floor is made of blocks or bricks, the third floor is exclusively wooden.

Types of material combinations

The construction of combined buildings is similar to the work of a sculptor. Here you can interpret it in such a way that the finished cottage turns out to be unlike any of the neighboring ones. In this case, the developer most often uses the following types of combinations:

  • Monolithic reinforced concrete and rounded logs. Here, coarser, hand-processed chopped round timber can be used. Note that a reliable reinforced concrete level acts as a basement semi-basement floor. It is subsequently sheathed on the outside with clinker tiles or simply plastered. The use of a reinforced concrete monolith in the form of a basement floor is relevant on non-heaving soils with low level occurrence of groundwater.
  • A combination of a brick first floor with lighter and smoother timber. In this case, either a strip reinforced concrete foundation is installed under the house, or monolithic slab. Everything depends on the type of soil on the site and the level groundwater On him. It is worth noting that bricks and timber, having a perfectly even shape, create an original tandem for installing a house in the style of half-timbered construction.
  • You can also build a three-story house from combined materials. Combined houses made of foam blocks and wood on top of a monolithic basement level are relevant here. At the same time, the house will acquire its final appearance thanks to the exterior finishing of the stone floors chosen by the developer. The tree will speak for itself.
  • And there is also a cheaper combination of materials from timber or logs on the first floor and a frame-panel structure on the second. But this technology is used for small cottages and if you want to save a lot.

Important: in any installation case stone first the level of fire safety of the finished house increases several times. Since it is in the basement (lower) level of the house that all utility and utility rooms are located, such as a kitchen, garage, boiler room, workshop, fireplace room, etc.

Advantages of houses made of combined materials

The construction of a combined house has a number of advantages compared to the installation of a homogeneous cottage. Especially if it was originally planned to build the entire house out of stone. So, the main positive aspects of such a construction are:

  • Significant savings construction budget. Moreover, money is saved not only due to the cost of diverse materials - stone and wood. The estimate melts before our eyes as a result of the fact that houses made of brick or blocks and timber ultimately have less mass than a completely stone building. As a result, a lightweight type of foundation can be installed under such a house. But it is the basis that most often costs about 30-40% of the entire construction budget. In addition, you will be able to save on hiring workers to install the cottage. That is, the payment to masons will be less than if they built the whole stone house. And renting special equipment for building a combined house is cheaper.
  • Wide architectural possibilities. Most often, non-standard designs of combined houses made of brick and wood are used to construct combined houses. Here, the extensions of the left or right wing of the house may predominate as an area for a utility room. At the same time, this area of ​​the cottage is also reliably protected from precipitation by a sloping roof, like any other part of the house. You can also hide all utility rooms in the basement from prying eyes, and leave only cozy and comfortable rooms on the first floor and attic for guests to see. Stained glass glazing, an attic balcony under the roof or a spacious terrace on the eastern part of the cottage are used as the surroundings of the house.
  • It is also worth noting that you can move into a combined house immediately, but using only the first or basement floor. Since the stone is not subject to natural shrinkage, That interior decoration the lower level can be performed immediately upon completion of construction. The upper wooden level should be given time to shrink and only after that begin interior work.
  • The heat capacity of a combined house will be several times higher than that of a house made entirely of stone. After all, wood retains heat perfectly, which means high-quality heating of the first floor can be ensured optimal temperature second level. This, by the way, saves money on maintaining a finished house.
  • In addition, the stone lower floor is more resistant to seasonal changes in the ground, which means ensuring a longer service life of the finished cottage.
  • In addition, it is the wooden part of the combined stone-wood house that ensures optimal microcirculation throughout the entire room. After all, wood breathes constantly, regardless of temperature changes outside and inside the building.

However, the combined cottage also has one significant disadvantage - the difference in the service life of building materials. Thus, stone can provide a house with a life of 100 years or more. While top level a cottage made of timber or logs will require repairs in 30-40 years. However, this nuance can also be interpreted as a positive point - there is a chance to redesign the attic level to suit the needs of an increasing family. That is, both children and grandchildren can be provided with a separate spacious room in a cozy, strong home.

The nuances of building a combined structure

To competently combine two types of building materials into a single and strong monolithic structure, several basic requirements must be met:

  • So, you need to combine wood with stone using special steel pins mounted in masonry. Wherein stone surface Before installing wooden crowns, it is necessary to waterproof them.
  • Wood, in turn, must be treated with antiseptics and fire retardants before laying in order to increase its fire safety and resistance to rot.
  • The stone part of the house is finished with plaster or cladding. A decorative design wooden level, if necessary, is done using lining. Although wood is an independent and harmonious building material.

Features of the design of combined buildings

In order for a house made of aerated concrete (brick, foam concrete or reinforced concrete monolith) to become a real haven for the whole family, several nuances must be taken into account during its construction (at the design stage):

  • So, in the lower part of the cottage all utility, utility and public premises are usually located. If the house has only two levels, then recreation rooms such as a billiard room, a fireplace room, or a living room will also be arranged here. At the same level, but away from the “noisy” rooms, you can also arrange an office. If the house is supposed to have a basement level, then this is where all the household rooms are located. On the ground floor there is a kitchen, dining room, fireplace and office. And already in the attic they design all the rooms for sleeping. You can also place a children's room here.
  • An excellent solution is offered by such house designs, where a room for a family business is arranged on the ground floor. This could be a workshop or atelier, a small shop or an office. Autumn is a convenient time to work as a family without leaving home and without wasting time on the road to the workplace.

Advice: but in this case, you should make sure that all household members have a separate entrance to the house, hidden from prying eyes. It would be better if it was a courtyard hidden by a fence. Such a project of a combined house - great option for a large family.

The main advantage of combined projects is the combination of different wall materials from which they are taken best characteristics and properties. Simply put, these houses are more comfortable to live in than completely stone ones, and more reliable than completely wooden houses.

The lower, stone floor usually has a garage, boiler room, swimming pool or sauna, kitchen, storage room and laundry room. Thus, these rooms are not exposed to moisture and fire. However, concrete lacks the comfortable feeling of warmth and naturalness. This disadvantage can be solved by construction combined project, in which the second floor is designed with wooden wall material, giving a cozy and healthy atmosphere. Upper, wooden floor This is a living area with bedrooms, a nursery, and an office for work. As you know, wood “breathes” because it has pores and allows air to pass through. Relaxing and sleeping in wood is much more pleasant and easier than in concrete.

The base of a combined house is usually made of:

  • brick
  • building blocks (gas blocks, foam block, wood concrete, keramite, expanded clay block)
  • monolith
  • a natural stone

The second and subsequent floors are designed from:

  • timber - regular, glued, profiled
  • log - planed or rounded
  • frame technology with wood-look cladding
  • made of sip panels - also with wood finish

An excursion into the history of combined projects

The combination of stone and wood has been used in the construction of houses for a very long time, both in Russia and abroad. Initially the basis for this method The construction was inspired by the chalet style, common among the inhabitants of the Alpine mountains. A stone foundation was necessary to firmly plant the house on the mountain slopes and to withstand snow and wind. The residential roof was built of wood and had wide roof overhangs to protect from rain, which is currently “ business card» of this architectural style.

In our country, houses using stone and wood were quite popular among merchants, wealthy artisans and kulaks. The lower stone floors were used by merchants as warehouses and shops, and by artisans as workshops. The second wooden floor was used as a residential floor. Such combined houses were cheaper than completely stone ones, and were more durable than completely wooden ones; thanks to the elevation of the wooden part above the ground, it was protected from flooding and less susceptible to fires. Total benefit!

Features of designing combined houses

As previously stated, main feature combined projects is a symbiosis of the strength of the stone of the first floor and the lightness of the wood of the upper floors. Of course, without good foundation this cannot be done, but its load will be less in the case of designing and building two floors from stone at once. And since the foundation is usually 25% of the total price of the house, you can save quite a decent amount on it. Unlike blocks, wood on the second floor will not require global finishing, except for priming and painting, so you can save money at this stage as well.

Combined houses do not require a long time to shrink. You can move into these houses immediately upon completion of the basic construction - having finished only the lower, stone floor. Wooden part, as in conventional wooden houses, will shrink up to 1.5-2 years, so it is not recommended to finish it and move in immediately.

Savings on the construction of combined projects can also be obtained on thermal insulation, because, unlike an entirely stone house, a combined one requires less thermal insulation. It is also not necessary to treat the entire house with an antiseptic, unlike an entirely wooden house.

The tree is removed from the ground, and therefore from exposure to moisture. From stone building materials you can safely build rooms such as a boiler room, a bathroom - even with a sauna, even with a swimming pool, or a living room with a fireplace. As a result, the customer of the combined project will receive a competent, technologically advanced building at a low price, the materials of which are used by each person precisely for their own purposes.

A pleasant and unusual appearance is guaranteed if you choose a combined house project. A log or beam looks aesthetically pleasing and of good quality, and finishing the first floor with artificial stone or plaster will give appearance respectability. Our company’s specialists can design the facades either as a single whole or by preserving an unforgettable combination of wood and stone!

The combined house is truly an achievement in terms of construction. Solid base and a stylish continuation.

If you have already looked at some combined house projects and liked them, it’s time to talk a little more about them.

What are the advantages of a combined house:

  1. It's really very durable
  2. Fire safety is increased (1st floor is the kitchen, boiler room and utility room)
  3. More economical than its analogues made from the same type of “heavy” materials (due to lower weight and, accordingly, savings on the foundation)

A little about technology

Such houses are divided into several types.

For example, you can look at the combined houses made of stone and wood developed by the company DomaSV. In them the collection is classical European style, adapted to Russian climatic conditions. Such a house will last for many years and you won’t have to worry about it in terms of overhaul. Reliability and long term service that has been proven in more than one country.

Or here's a great option: combined houses made of foam blocks and wood, this is already our development domestic producers. Lighter and more economical in price. The design quality is not inferior to its foreign brothers.

Briefly about the types of combinations:

  1. Stone - Profiled timber
  2. Stone - Rounded log
  3. Stone - Laminated timber
  4. Stone - Classic timber

Well, all this can be repeated with foam concrete blocks, in any order.

The best for your home

Firm DomaSV is constantly developing in terms of improving the quality of construction of stone houses. This applies to all its aspects.

We produce the best materials ourselves and have triple quality control.

We develop our specialists both technically and practically.

Cooperation only with trusted banks that have proven themselves over the years.

And we always fulfill our obligations.

And it is precisely thanks to the complex of these measures that we can say with confidence. If you are planning to build turnkey combined house, our company is guaranteed to provide you with the highest quality.

Construction guarantees

People not very closely associated with construction often worry, will this or that option suit me? Yes, not all types of houses can be built if there are factors that are often hidden from the face of an inexperienced person. So what should we do?

Of course, turn to professionals, because turnkey construction of combined houses This is our profile and many completed projects confirm this. Construction is often a significant amount of money, and to make sure that it will not be wasted, we will give you guarantees.

  • All estimates are transparent and understandable. (You see where your money is spent)
  • Minimum warranty period of five years. (I am confident that there will be 100% help on all issues)
  • Additional tips for using your home. (We work for quality and will be happy to share our experience with you)

Individual approach to everyone

Have you already viewed our combined houses photos and description? Didn't find what you need or want to change something?

No problem, in the company DomaSV There are excellent designers who can satisfy the most demanding of customers.

Behind long years work, we have put hundreds of houses into operation. And this experience allows us to offer you truly high-quality work or a ready-made house kit, based on your needs and taking into account your capabilities.

And of course, everyone should work according to their own profile. We know everything about construction of combined houses and are ready to prove it in practice.

Anyone thinking about construction own home, one way or another draws attention to already completed projects, noting and selecting good combination elements: “This is the kind of facade I want to see at my future home”, “This porch will look great with exterior decoration", "I will install similar windows in my place", etc. Carrying out such observations, one cannot help but notice that some houses are built of two “layers” - the lower floor is stone, and the upper floor is wooden. This design technique or functional need? In this article we will tell you everything you need to know about the construction of combined houses.

Combined houses are great way implement original design ideas, but the decorative component is not in first place. First of all, the combination of two materials makes the house stronger, warmer and more durable. If you correctly combine the physical characteristics of stone and wood, you can get a tangible advantage over usual options the buildings.

Material combination options

Let's consider the main combinations that can be used in the construction of such structures. The most popular option is a house where the lower floor is built of stone and the upper floor is made of wood. As a result, the lower part of the house, which is subjected to large and serious loads during operation, copes with its role perfectly. The stone is not afraid of moisture, can withstand the heavy weight of the structure, and ensures the strength and reliability of the home. Since the lower stone floor is not afraid of dampness, swimming pools, saunas and gyms are often built in houses with large square footage.

The second wooden floor is strikingly different in both physical characteristics, and by the atmosphere reigning inside. The rooms are warm and cozy; wood allows the walls to “breathe”, providing microcirculation of air. Ideal place for leisure and recreation. Based on this, utility rooms, garages, boiler rooms or even shops are installed on the first floors of combined houses, and bedrooms, children's rooms, offices, etc. are located on the second floor.

But natural stone is quite expensive, so thrifty owners they replace it with alternative materials with similar characteristics - brick, aerated concrete, concrete, etc. A combined house made of brick and wood looks very harmonious and is practically not inferior in quality to the stone version.

The decoration of the facades of combined houses can be very diverse, but one way or another is based on one principle: the first floor is stone, the second is wooden. This combination of materials, in addition to the obvious advantages, solves another problem - it reduces T ore intensity and cost of the entire construction.

If you don't want to spend a pretty penny on exterior decoration, you won't need it! The stone itself is very beautiful natural material, especially if its texture is emphasized by other elements of the exterior - stone paths, porch or fence. In the case of brick combined houses, it is still better to decorate the facade. This is necessary more for practical reasons than for beauty. Unprotected brick will collapse very quickly under the influence of moisture, wind and sun, so it is better to at least strengthen the outer walls of the first floor with reinforcing mesh and cover them with plaster. The construction market offers a huge selection of wall materials: facade tiles, panels, fake diamond, relief plaster etc . But in order not to spoil the naturalness and naturalness of the building, it is better to abandon synthetic options and use natural materials, for example, limestone.

If you want to receive smooth walls and simplify the external decoration, the first floor can be built from foam blocks. This is enough durable material and at the same time almost as warm as wood. However, when building a combined house made of cellular concrete, take into account that it is necessary to securely connect the elements of the first and second floors. Although foam blocks are durable when it comes to load and pressure, they really don’t like impacts. From falling to the ground or strong blow using a hammer can cause them to split or crack. Also in this material they will not be able to hold on anchor bolts, on which the support beam is usually fixed.

Helpful advice: The optimal solution in this case, a monolithic reinforced concrete belt will be poured directly over the ends of the foam block walls. This way you can increase the spatial rigidity of the structure and securely secure the support beam with anchors.

If you are still very concerned about the fragility of cellular concrete, consider the option of building the first floor of a combined house from arbolite blocks. They are much stronger than foam concrete and are not inferior to it in terms of thermal insulation characteristics. In addition, carry out exterior finishing arbolite blocks It’s a pleasure – they have excellent adhesion to any decorative plasters.

For the construction of the second floor, planed timber is most often used. It perfectly protects from the cold and does not require any exterior decoration. You can also often find frame second floors. This method significantly reduces the time and overall cost of construction. Moreover, the frame system allows you to change the layout without much effort and adapt it to any needs.

The frame itself can be disguised with finishing, or vice versa – put on display, turning it into original item facade. In this case, it is better to resort to the old frame system half-timbered structure with posts and beams facing the façade. You'll immediately understand what we mean when you look at the image below:

If you want to build a three-story combined house, in this case it is better to build the first floor from monolithic reinforced concrete slabs, since they are the most durable, the second is made of brick, and the third is made of timber. But usually the ground floor is made of reinforced concrete, and only brick and timber remain on the surface.

Advantages and disadvantages

Combined a private house has a lot of advantages, most of which we have already outlined earlier. This is beauty, durability, and the ability to equip rooms with completely different functional loads. But unfortunately, even in the sun there are spots. The main advantage and at the same time disadvantage of a combined house are various physical properties materials of the first and second floors. Positive side– the first floor is not afraid of dampness and fire, it is very strong and durable, the second wooden floor is cozy and warm. The problem is that the durability of wood is much less than that of stone, brick, reinforced concrete or other similar materials. So, walls built from rocks, are able to stand quietly for 150 years, and wooden superstructure they are unlikely to last even half of this period. And if the service life of a log house can reach 50-60 years without major repairs, then in case frame houses this figure is even smaller. Sooner or later there comes a time when it is necessary, if not completely, then partially to redo and strengthen the walls of the second floor. The good news is that this is much easier to do than if you had to work with the whole house.

Since combined houses began to appear in Russia relatively recently, so far this negative experience different speed wear of materials affected very few. Otherwise significant shortcomings there are no such structures (at least none that would not be found in ordinary private houses). Today, projects of combined houses are increasingly ordered from developer companies or chosen for construction with their own hands.

Construction technology

In fact, building a strong and cozy combined house from brick, concrete or stone is not difficult if you adhere to the basic rules and recommendations provided by the technology. However, as practice shows, it is still better to entrust some aspects to professionals, for example, the development of drawings or the construction of a lower floor linked to the upper one. For those who decide to build a combined house with their own hands, we suggest watching the video below:

The work consists of several main stages:


Another advantage of combined houses made of timber is that you can start finishing the first floor immediately after building the second - there will be no shrinkage. To decorate the facade, many use clinker tiles or artificial stone. Using products that imitate natural wood to decorate the first floor, you can get a nice combined chalet house, Russian hut or Scandinavian-style housing.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated in the construction process. The most important thing is to ensure correct and reliable bandaging of the first and second floors. Finally, we suggest watching another useful video:

Combined houses: photos

The design of a combined house is an immense platform for creativity and the realization of the most unusual projects. See for yourself by looking at a small photo selection combined finishing houses: