Technological map for facade insulation. Wet facade

1. The first stage in the technology for insulating facades is preparing the surface of the walls of the facade itself.

For Stage 1 you will need the following:

from tools (metal brushes, vacuum cleaner, scraper, high-pressure unit with heated water, trowels, graters and half-graters, smoothers, rollers, paint sprayers, slats, rules, plumb lines).
from materials (polymer cement and cement-sand mortars of grades 100-150, penetrating primer).
control methods (visual, measuring - rod, plumb, level).
controlled parameters (Surface evenness, absence of cracks, cavities. Uniformity of surface priming, compliance of the choice of primer with the type of base). The thickness of the layers is no more than 0.5 mm in 1 layer. Drying time - at least 3 hours.

Work at this stage:

Mechanical cleaning of metal. brushes to remove dirt and dust. In case of concrete walls removal of concrete and cement laitance stains. Leveling uneven surfaces, sealing cracks, depressions, cavities, recesses with polymer cement mortar M-100, 150. In the case of repair and restoration work, old (convex) plaster or tiles are removed, the facade is plastered with cement-sand mortar M-100.
Prime the surface with a primer composition.
Dilution with water, penetrating primer 1:7

2. The second stage is the preparation of the adhesive mass.

For stage 2 you will need the following:

made of material (Glue)
from tools (Capacity with a volume of at least 10 liters. Mixer, drill and special attachments, buckets)
control method (Visual, laboratory)
controlled parameters (dosage of components, compliance of adhesive masses, (uniformity, mobility, adhesive strength, etc.) requirements of technical specifications).

Work at this stage:

Open a standard 25 kg bag of dry mixture.
- Pour 5 liters of water (from +15 to +20°C) into a clean container with a volume of at least 10 liters and, adding the dry mixture to the water in small portions, mix it with a low-speed drill with a special attachment until a homogeneous creamy mass is obtained.
- After a 5-minute break, mix the finished adhesive mass again.
- Preparation of the adhesive mass is carried out at an air temperature of +5°C and above.

3. The third stage is the installation of the first row of insulation using a base profile

For Stage 3 you will need the following:

made of material (base profile, anchors, insulation mineral wool board
glue metal nails, bolts, dowels)
from tools (Electric impact wrenches, hammers, plumb lines, theodolite - level, knives, metal rulers, toothed and smooth spatulas, plate cutting device, hammers, tape measures, plumb lines, theodolite - level)
control method (Visual, optical measuring (level))
controlled parameters (design position, horizontal fastening, layer thickness in accordance with the Technical Certificate). Layer thickness is 10-15 mm, drying time is a day.

Work at this stage:

Set the horizontal profile of the base profile to the zero mark.
The profile should be fastened with anchors or dowels in accordance with the Technical Certificate.
Level the wall using special plastic spacers.
The profile connection is made using special gaskets included in the system.
Cut mineral wool boards (insulation) into 300 mm strips to install the first row of insulation.
Apply the adhesive mass with a notched trowel in a continuous layer onto the strip of mineral wool board.
Glue the insulation to the wall.
After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall for the dowel through the insulation strip and install it (the distance from the edge of the strip to the dowel is 100 mm, and between dowels no more than 300 mm).
Caulk the seams between the strips mineral wool slabs insulation scraps

4. Installation of a standard range of insulation from PSB-S-25F

For step 4 you will need the following:

made of material (Thermomax 100K glue, insulation, PSB-S-25F, dowel, metal nails)
from a tool (See above, Grinding stones, with pressure device)
controlled parameters (design position, thickness of the adhesive layer, absence of gaps of more than two mm between the insulation boards, serrated ligation, adhesive strength of the adhesive layer to the surface of the base and to the surface of the insulation, number of dowels per 1 sq.m. strength of dowel fixation, depth of dowel anchoring in the base .). Layer thickness is 10-15 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

Apply the adhesive mass to the PSB-S-25F slab in one of three ways, which are indicated in the instructions for use, depending on the curvature of the walls.
Glue the PSB-S25F slab to the wall (with a bandage of ½ of the slab relative to the bottom row of insulation).
After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall for the dowel through the PSB-S-25F slab and install it depending on the number of floors of the building and the type of base.
Caulk the seams between the insulation boards with scraps of insulation.
Do sanding installed slabs PSB-S-25

Stage 4.1: Installation of mineral wool slabs between floors

For step 4.1 you will need the following:

from tools (tape measures, plumb lines, level, knives, metal rulers, notched and smooth spatulas, electric impact wrenches, hammers, tape measures)
control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)

Work at this stage:

Cut the mineral wool board into 200mm strips.
Apply the adhesive mass to the entire plane of the insulation strip with a notched trowel.
Glue the insulation to the wall at the level of the upper slope of the window on each floor in a continuous strip.
After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall for the dowel through the insulation strip and install it (the number of dowels is 3 pieces per strip, the distance from the edge of the strip to the dowel is 100 mm and between dowels no more than 300 mm).
Drive metal nails into dowels.
Caulk the seams between the PSB-S-25F mineral wool slabs with scraps of insulation.

Stage 4.2: Installation of a standard range of mineral wool board insulation

For stage 4.2 you will need the following:

made of material (mineral wool board insulation, glue, dowel, metal nails, bolts)
from tools (tape measures, plumb lines, level, knives, metal rulers, notched and smooth spatulas, electric impact wrenches, hammers, tape measures)
control method (Visual, measuring)
controlled parameters (design position, horizontal fastening, thickness and cohesion of the adhesive layer in accordance with the regulatory and technical documentation and this map). Layer thickness is 10-15 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

Apply the adhesive mass to the mineral wool board using one of three methods indicated in the instructions, depending on the unevenness of the walls.
Glue the mineral wool slab to the wall (with ligation of the slabs relative to the bottom row of insulation).
After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall for the dowel through the insulation board and install it, depending on the number of floors of the building and the type of base.
Add metal nails or bolts to the dowels.

Stage 5. Installation of firebreaks around window and door openings.

For Stage 5 you will need the following:

made of material (insulation mineral wool board, glue, dowel, metal nails)
from tools (metal rulers, serrated and smooth spatulas, tools for cutting insulation boards)
control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)
controlled parameters (design position, continuity and thickness of the adhesive layer, width of the cuts, absence of gaps of more than two mm between the insulation boards, installation diagram of the insulation at the tops of the corners of the openings (“boots”), number of dowels, depth of anchoring of the dowel in the base, strength of fixation in the base) . Layer thickness is 10-15 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

Cut the insulation into strips equal to or greater than 150 mm wide
Apply the adhesive mass in a continuous layer onto the strip of mineral wool board with a notched trowel.
Install strips of mineral wool boards around the perimeter of the window according to the standard system unit.
After 48-72 hours, drill a hole in the wall through strips of mineral wool board under the dowel and install it (the number of dowels is 3 pieces per strip, the distance from the edge of the strip to the dowel is 100 mm and between dowels no more than 300 mm).
Drive metal nails into dowels.
Caulk the seams between the slabs and insulation scraps

Stage 6. Reinforcement of building corners, window and door openings

For stage 6 you will need the following:

made of material (Universal elastic mixture, plastic corner)
from tools (metal rulers, serrated and smooth spatulas, tools for cutting slabs and insulation)
control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)
controlled parameters (Appearance, surface straightness). Layer thickness - 3-5 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

Install plastic corner on insulation in the corners of the building, window and door openings.

Stage 7. Applying a reinforcing layer on window and door slopes

For stage 7 you will need the following:

made of material (universal elastic mixture, reinforcing mesh)
from tools (spatulas, graters, brushes, smoothers, sanding block with pressure device, rule slats)
control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)
controlled parameters (Appearance, presence of additional mesh layers). Layer thickness - 3-5 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

Apply the mixture to the end and outer plane of the mineral wool slab.
Place the previously glued corner reinforcing mesh into the freshly applied mixture.
Remove excess mixture
After the first layer has dried, glue additional strips of diagonal reinforcing mesh (kerchiefs) at the corners of window, door and other openings

Stage 8. Installation of an anti-vandal base layer for the first floors of the building

For stage 8 you will need the following:

made of material (Universal elastic mixture, armored mesh)
control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)
controlled parameters (total thickness of the reinforcing layer in accordance with the technical certificate, overlap width, presence of additional diagonal overlays at the tops of the opening corners). Layer thickness - 3 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

Place the shell mesh into the freshly laid mixture without gaps. The connection of the panzer mesh fabric is mounted end-to-end, without overlap.
Remove excess mixture

Stage 9. Applying a reinforcing layer to the insulation plane

For stage 9 you will need the following:

made of material (Universal elastic mixture, regular reinforcing mesh)
from tools (spatulas, brushes, trowels, smoothers, sanding block with pressure device, rule slats)
control method (Visual, measuring, incoming inspection of materials)
controlled parameters (total thickness of the reinforcing layer in accordance with the Technical Certificate, overlap width, presence of additional diagonal overlays at the tops of the opening corners). Layer thickness - 4 mm. Drying time is 1 day.

Work at this stage:

Apply the mixture onto the plane of the insulation boards.
Place a regular reinforcing mesh into the freshly laid adhesive mixture without gaps, with an overlap of at least 100 mm at the vertical and horizontal joints.
Remove excess adhesive mass.
Apply the adhesive mass for leveling onto the dried surface of the reinforcing layer, completely covering the reinforcing mesh and creating a smooth surface.
After the leveling layer has dried, smooth out any uneven areas with sandpaper.

Stage 10. Primer for decorative finishing

For stage 10 you will need the following:

made of material (Quartz primer)
from tools (Roller, spray guns, compressor, spray gun)
control method (Visual)
controlled parameters (primer uniformity, primer compliance). Layer thickness - 0.5 mm. Drying time - at least 3 hours.

Work at this stage:

Prepare the primer composition for work.
Dust off the plastered surface.
Apply the primer by hand using a roller or mechanically over the entire surface without gaps in one layer.

Stage 11: Applying decorative plaster

For stage 11 you will need the following:

made of material (decorative mixture)
from a tool (stainless steel grater, plastic grater)
control method (Visual)
controlled parameters (no transitions, uniform smoothing, crumbs). Layer thickness - 2.5-3 mm. Drying time is 7 days.

Work at this stage:

Preparation of mortar mixture. (see paragraph 2).
Applying plaster.

Stage 11.1: Painting the decorative protective layer

For stage 11.1 you will need the following:

made of material (Paint)
from tools (Rollers, painting equipment)
control method (Visual)
controlled parameters (uniformity of color, homogeneity, joining of sections). Layer thickness - 2 layers no more than 0.5 mm. Drying time: 5 hours.

Work at this stage:

Prepare the paint composition for work.

Apply the paint composition manually with a roller or mechanically, covering the entire primed surface in two coats.

Stage 12: Sealing the seams between the insulation system and the building structure

For stage 12 you will need the following:

made of material (sealing cord, sealant)
from tools (spatulas, gun for applying sealant)
control method (Visual)
controlled parameters (no cracks, coating thickness)

Work at this stage:

The gaps between the insulation system and the building structure are filled with a sealing cord along the entire length of the seam and sealed with polyurethane sealant.

TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD FOR INSTALLATION OF A VENTILATED FACADE WITH COMPOSITE PANELS COVERED

TK-23

Moscow 2006

The technological map was prepared in accordance with the requirements of the “Guidelines for the development of technological maps in construction”, prepared by the Central Research and Design-Experimental Institute of Organization, Mechanization and Technical Assistance to Construction (TsNIIOMTP), and based on the designs of ventilated facades of NP Stroy LLC.

A technological map has been developed for the installation of a ventilated facade using the FS-300 structural system as an example. The technological map indicates the scope of its application, sets out the main provisions for the organization and technology of work when installing elements of a ventilated facade, provides requirements for the quality of work, safety precautions, labor protection and fire-fighting measures, determines the need for material and technical resources, calculates labor costs and Work schedule.

The technological map was developed by technical candidates. Sciences V.P. Volodin, Yu.L. Korytov.

1 GENERAL PART

Hinged ventilated facades are designed for insulation and cladding of external enclosing structures with aluminum composite panels during the construction of new, reconstruction and major renovation existing buildings and structures.

The main elements of the FS-300 facade system are:

Support frame;

Thermal insulation and wind-hydroprotection;

Cladding panels;

Framing the completion facade cladding.

A fragment and elements of the FS-300 facade system are shown in figures , - . An explanation for the drawings is given below:

1 - supporting bracket - main load-bearing element frame intended for fastening the load-bearing control bracket;

2 - support bracket - an additional frame element designed for attaching the support regulatory bracket;

3 - load-bearing regulatory bracket - the main (together with the load-bearing bracket) load-bearing element of the frame, intended for the “fixed” installation of the vertical guide (load-bearing profile);

4 - support control bracket - an additional (together with the support bracket) frame element intended for movable installation of a vertical guide (supporting profile);

5 - vertical guide - a long profile designed for attaching the facing panel to the frame;

6 - sliding bracket - fastening element designed to fix the cladding panel;

7 - blind rivet - fastener, designed for attaching the supporting profile to the supporting control brackets;

8 - set screw - a fastening element designed to fix the position of the sliding brackets;

9 - locking screw - a fastening element designed for additional fixation of the upper sliding brackets of the panels to the vertical guide profiles to avoid shifting cladding panels in the vertical plane;

Rice. 1.Fragment of the system facade FS-300

10 - locking bolt (complete with a nut and two washers) - a fastening element designed for installing the main and additional frame elements in the design position;

11 - thermal insulating gasket of the supporting bracket, intended for alignment work surface and eliminating “cold bridges”;

12 - thermal insulating gasket of the support bracket, designed to level the working surface and eliminate “cold bridges”;

13 - facing panels - aluminum composite panels assembled with fastening elements. They are installed using sliding brackets (6) in the “spacer” and are additionally fixed from horizontal shift with blind rivets (14) to the vertical guides (5).

Typical sheet sizes for the manufacture of cladding panels are 1250×4000 mm, 1500×4050 mm (ALuComp) and 1250×3200 mm (ALUCOBOND). In accordance with customer requirements, it is possible to vary the length and width of the panel, as well as the color of the facing layer;

15 - thermal insulation made of mineral wool slabs for facade insulation;

16 - wind-hydroprotective material - a vapor-permeable membrane that protects thermal insulation from moisture and possible weathering of insulation fibers;

17 - disc dowel for attaching thermal insulation and membrane to the wall of a building or structure.

Façade cladding frames are structural elements intended for the design of a parapet, plinth, window, stained-glass and door connections, etc. These include: perforated profiles for free access of air from below (in the plinth) and from above, window and door frames, folded brackets, strips, corner plates, etc.

2 AREA OF APPLICATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL MAP

2.1 A standard technological map has been developed for the installation of the FS-300 system of suspended ventilated facades for cladding the walls of buildings and structures with aluminum composite panels.

2.2 The scope of work to be performed is taken to cover the facade of a public building with a height of 30 m and a width of 20 m.

2.3 The work covered by the technological map includes: installation and dismantling of facade lifts, installation of a ventilated facade system.

2.4 Work is performed in two shifts. There are 2 lines of installers working per shift, each on its own vertical grip, 2 people in each line. Two façade lifts are used.

2.5 When developing a standard technological map, it is accepted:

the walls of the building are reinforced concrete monolithic, flat;

the façade of the building has 35 window openings, each measuring 1500×1500 mm;

panel size: P1-1000×900 mm; P2-1000×700 mm; P3-1000×750 mm; P4-500×750 mm; U1 (angular) - H-1000 mm, B - 350×350×200 mm;

thermal insulation - mineral wool slabs with a synthetic binder, 120 mm thick;

the air gap between the thermal insulation and the inner wall of the facade panel is 40 mm.

When developing the PPR, this standard technological map is tied to the specific conditions of the facility with clarification: specifications of the elements of the supporting frame, cladding panels and framing of the façade cladding; thermal insulation thickness; the size of the gap between the heat-insulating layer and the cladding; scope of work; labor cost calculations; volume of material and technical resources; work schedule.

3 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION

PREPARATORY WORK

3.1 Before starting installation work on the installation of a ventilated facade of the FS-300 system, the following preparatory work must be carried out:

Rice. 2. Construction site organization diagram

1 - construction site fencing; 2 - workshop; 3 - logistics warehouse; 4 - working area; 5 - boundary of the zone dangerous for people when operating façade lifts; 6 - open storage area for building structures and materials; 7 - lighting mast; 8 - facade lift

Inventory mobile buildings are installed at the construction site: an unheated material and technical warehouse for storing ventilated facade elements (composite sheets or ready-to-install panels, insulation, vapor-permeable film, structural elements load-bearing frame) and a workshop - for the production of cladding panels and framing the completion of facade cladding in construction conditions;

Inspect and assess the technical condition of façade lifts, mechanization equipment, tools, their completeness and readiness for work;

In accordance with the work project, facade lifts are installed on the building and put into operation in accordance with the Operation Manual (3851B.00.00.000 RE);

The location of beacon anchoring points for installation of load-bearing and support brackets is marked on the wall of the building.

3.2 Facing composite material is supplied to construction site, as a rule, in the form of sheets cut to design dimensions. In this case, cladding panels with fastenings are formed in a workshop at the construction site using hand tools, blind rivets and cassette assembly elements.

3.3 It is necessary to store sheets of composite material at the construction site on beams up to 10 cm thick laid on level ground, in increments of 0.5 m. If the installation of a ventilated facade is planned for more than 1 month, the sheets should be arranged with slats. The height of the stack of sheets should not exceed 1 m.

Lifting operations with packaged sheets of composite material should be carried out using textile tape slings (TU 3150-010-16979227) or other slings that prevent injury to the sheets.

It is not allowed to store the facing composite material together with aggressive chemicals.

3.4 If cladding composite material arrives at the construction site in the form of finished cladding panels with fastening, they are stacked in pairs, with their front surfaces facing each other so that adjacent pairs touch with their rear sides. The packs are placed on wooden supports, with a slight slope from the vertical. The panels are laid in two rows in height.

3.5 Marking of installation points for load-bearing and support brackets on the building wall is carried out in accordance with the technical documentation for the project for the installation of a ventilated facade.

On initial stage determine the beacon lines for marking the facade - the lower horizontal line of the mounting points for the brackets and the two outermost vertical lines along the facade of the building.

The extreme points of the horizontal line are determined using a level and marked with indelible paint. In two extreme points, using a laser level and tape measure, determine and mark with paint all intermediate installation points of the brackets.

Using plumb lines lowered from the parapet of the building, vertical lines are determined at the extreme points of the horizontal line.

Using façade lifts, mark the installation points of load-bearing and support brackets on the outermost vertical lines with indelible paint.

MAIN WORK

3.6 When organizing installation work, the area of the building’s façade is divided into vertical sections, within which work is carried out by different sections of installers from the first or second façade lifts (Fig. ). The width of the vertical grip is equal to the length of the working deck of the facade lift cradle (4 m), and the length of the vertical grip is equal to the working height of the building. The first and second links of installers working on the 1st facade lift, alternating in shifts, carry out sequentially installation work on the 1st, 3rd and 5th vertical grips. The third and fourth sections of installers working on the 2nd façade lift, alternating in shifts, carry out sequential installation work on the 2nd and 4th vertical grips. The direction of work is from the basement of the building up to the parapet.

3.7 For the installation of a ventilated facade, one team of workers from two installers determined a replaceable grip equal to 4 m 2 of the facade.

3.8 Installation of the ventilated facade begins from the base of the building on the 1st and 2nd vertical sections simultaneously. Within the vertical grip, installation is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Rice. 3. Scheme of dividing the facade into vertical sections

Legend:

Direction of work

Vertical grips for the 1st and 2nd sections of installers working on the first facade lift

Vertical grips for the 3rd and 4th sections of installers working on the second facade lift

Part of the building on which the installation of a ventilated façade has been completed

Cladding panels:

P1 - 1000×900 mm;

P2 - 1000×700 mm;

P3 - 1000×750 mm;

P4 - 500×750 mm;

U1 (angular): H=1000 mm, H = 350×350×200 mm

Marking installation points for load-bearing and support brackets on the building wall;

Attaching sliding brackets to guide profiles;

Installation of cladding elements of a ventilated facade to the outer corner of the building.

3.9 Installation of the frame of the façade cladding of the plinth is carried out without the use of a façade lift from the ground surface (with a plinth height of up to 1 m). The parapet flashing is installed from the roof of the building at the final stage of each vertical section.

3.10 The installation points of the load-bearing and support brackets on the vertical grip are marked using beacon points marked on the outermost horizontal and vertical lines (see), using a tape measure, a level and a dye cord.

When marking anchor points for installing load-bearing and support brackets for subsequent vertical gripping, the beacons are the attachment points of the load-bearing and support brackets of the previous vertical grip.

3.11 To attach load-bearing and support brackets to the wall, holes are drilled at marked points with a diameter and depth corresponding to anchor dowels that have passed strength tests for this type of wall fencing.

If a hole is drilled by mistake in the wrong place and a new one needs to be drilled, then the latter must be located at least one depth of the drilled hole from the mistaken one. If it is impossible to perform this condition you can use the method of fastening the brackets shown in Fig. 4.

Cleaning the holes from drilling waste (dust) is done with compressed air.

Rice. 4. Mounting point for load-bearing (support) brackets if it is impossible to attach them to the wall at the design drilling points

The dowel is inserted into the prepared hole and tapped with a mounting hammer.

Thermal insulation pads are placed under the brackets to level the working surface and eliminate “cold bridges”.

The brackets are attached to the wall with screws using an electric drill with adjustable rotation speed and appropriate screwing attachments.

3.12 Thermal insulation and wind-hydroprotection device consists of the following operations:

Hanging on the wall through the slots for the brackets of the insulation boards;

Hanging wind-hydroprotective membrane panels with an overlap of 100 mm on heat-insulating slabs and temporarily securing them;

Drilling holes in the wall for disc dowels through the insulation and wind-hydroprotective membrane in full according to the project and installing the dowels.

The distance from the dowels to the edges of the heat-insulating board must be at least 50 mm.

Installation of heat-insulating boards begins with the bottom row, which are installed on a starting perforated profile or base and mounted from bottom to top.

The slabs are hung in a checkerboard pattern horizontally next to each other so that there are no through gaps between the slabs. The permissible size of an unfilled seam is 2 mm.

Additional thermal insulation boards must be securely fastened to the wall surface.

To install additional thermal insulation boards, they must be trimmed using hand tools. Breaking insulation boards is prohibited.

During installation, transportation and storage, thermal insulation boards must be protected from moisture, contamination and mechanical damage.

Before starting the installation of heat-insulating boards, the replacement grip on which work will be carried out must be protected from atmospheric moisture.

3.13 The adjusting load-bearing and support brackets are attached to the load-bearing and support brackets, respectively. The position of these brackets is adjusted in such a way as to ensure alignment with the vertical level of deviation of wall irregularities. The brackets are secured using bolts with special stainless steel washers.

3.14 Attaching vertical guide profiles to the adjusting brackets is carried out in the following sequence. The profiles are installed in the grooves of the regulating load-bearing and support brackets. Then the profiles are fixed with rivets to the supporting brackets. The profile is installed freely in the support control brackets, which ensures its free vertical movement to compensate for temperature deformations.

In places where two successive profiles join vertically, to compensate for temperature deformations, it is recommended to maintain a gap in the range from 8 to 10 mm.

3.15 When arranging an abutment to the base, the perforated cover plate is fastened using an angle to the vertical guide profiles using blind rivets (Fig. ).

3.16 Installation of facing panels begins from the bottom row and proceeds from bottom to top (Fig. ).

Sliding brackets (9) are installed on the vertical guide profiles (4). The upper sliding bracket is installed in the design position (fixed using setscrew 10), and the lower one in the intermediate position (9). The panel is placed on the upper sliding brackets and, by moving the lower sliding brackets, is installed “in the spacer”. The upper sliding brackets of the panel are additionally secured with self-tapping screws against vertical shift. Against horizontal shear, the panels are also additionally secured to the supporting profile with rivets (11).

3.17 When installing facing panels at the junction of vertical guides (bearing profiles) (Fig.), two conditions must be met: the upper facing panel must close the gap between the supporting profiles; The design gap between the lower and upper facing panels must be accurately maintained. To fulfill the second condition, it is recommended to use a template made of a square wooden block. The length of the bar is equal to the width of the facing panel, and the edges are equal to the design value of the gap between the lower and upper facing panels.

Rice. 5. Connection to the base

Rice. 6. Installation of the facing panel

Rice. 7. Installation of facing panels at the junction of supporting profiles

Rice. 8. Mounting point for cladding panels on the outer corner of the building

3.18 The connection of the ventilated facade to the outer corner of the building is carried out using a corner cladding panel (Fig. 8).

Corner cladding panels are manufactured by the manufacturer or on site to the dimensions specified in the façade design.

The corner cladding panel is attached to the supporting frame using the above methods, and to the side wall of the building using the corners shown in Fig. 8. Required condition is the installation of anchor dowels to secure the corner cladding panel at a distance of no closer than 100 mm from the corner of the building.

3.19 Within the removable area, installation of a ventilated facade that does not have junctions and window frames is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Marking anchoring points for installing load-bearing and support brackets on the building wall;

Drilling holes for installing anchor dowels;

Fastening load-bearing and support brackets to the wall using anchor dowels;

Thermal insulation and wind protection device;

Fastening to the supporting and support brackets of the adjusting brackets using locking bolts;

Attachment to adjusting brackets of guide profiles;

Installation work is carried out in accordance with the requirements specified in paragraphs. - and pp. and this technological map.

3.20 Within the removable area, installation of a ventilated facade with a window frame is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Marking anchoring points for installing load-bearing and support brackets, as well as anchoring points for attaching window frame elements to the building wall;

Fastening window frame substructure elements to the wall ();

Attaching load-bearing and support brackets to the wall;

Thermal insulation and wind protection device;

Attachment to load-bearing and support brackets of control brackets;

Attachment to adjusting brackets of guide profiles;

Fastening the window frame to the guide profiles with additional fastening to the frame profile (Fig. , , );

Installation of facing panels.

3.21 Within the removable area, installation of a ventilated facade adjacent to the parapet is carried out in the following technological sequence:

Marking anchoring points for installing load-bearing and support brackets to the building wall, as well as anchoring points for attaching the parapet ebb to the parapet;

Drilling holes for installing anchor dowels;

Fastening load-bearing and support brackets to the wall using anchor dowels;

Thermal insulation and wind protection device;

Fastening to the supporting and support brackets of the adjusting brackets using locking bolts;

Attachment to adjusting brackets of guide profiles;

Installation of facing panels;

Attaching the parapet ebb to the parapet and to the guide profiles ().

3.22 During breaks in work on a replaceable grip, the insulated part of the facade that is not protected from atmospheric precipitation is covered with a protective polyethylene film or in another way to prevent the insulation from getting wet.

4 REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

4.1 The quality of the ventilated facade is ensured by ongoing monitoring of technological processes of preparatory and installation work, as well as during acceptance of work. Based on the results of ongoing monitoring of technological processes, inspection reports for hidden work are drawn up.

4.2 In the process of preparing installation work, check:

Readiness of the working surface of the building facade, structural elements of the facade, mechanization equipment and tools for installation work;

Material: galvanized steel (sheet 5 > 0.55 mm) according to GOST 14918-80

Rice. 9. General view of the window frame

Rice. 10. Connection to the window opening (bottom)

Horizontal section

Rice. 11. Adjacent to the window opening (from the side)

*Depending on the density of the building envelope material.

Rice. 12. Connection to the window opening (top)

Vertical section

Rice. 13. Junction to the parapet

The quality of the supporting frame elements (dimensions, absence of dents, bends and other defects of brackets, profiles and other elements);

Quality of insulation (slab sizes, absence of tears, dents and other defects);

Quality of facing panels (size, absence of scratches, dents, bends, breaks and other defects).

4.3 During installation work, the following is checked for compliance with the design:

Accuracy of façade markings;

Diameter, depth and cleanliness of holes for dowels;

Accuracy and strength of fastening of load-bearing and support brackets;

Correctness and strength of fastening of insulation slabs to the wall;

The position of the adjusting brackets that compensate for wall unevenness;

Accuracy of installation of supporting profiles and, in particular, gaps at the places where they are joined;

Flatness of facade panels and air gaps between them and insulation boards;

The correctness of the framing of the completion of the ventilated facade.

4.4 When accepting work, the ventilated façade as a whole is inspected and especially carefully the frames of the corners, windows, plinth and parapet of the building. Defects discovered during inspection are eliminated before the facility is put into operation.

4.5 Acceptance of the assembled facade is documented in an act with an assessment of the quality of work. Quality is assessed by the degree of compliance of the parameters and characteristics of the installed façade with those specified in technical documentation to the project. Attached to this act are certificates of inspection of hidden work (according to).

4.6 Controlled parameters, methods of their measurement and evaluation are given in table. 1.

Table 1

Controlled parameters

Technological processes and operations	Parameters, characteristics	Tolerance of parameter values	Control method and tool	Control time
Facade markings	Marking accuracy	0.3 mm at 1 m	Laser level and level	In the process of marking
Drilling holes for dowels	Depth h, diameter D	Depth h longer dowels 10 mm; D+ 0.2 mm	Depth gauge, bore gauge	During drilling
Attaching the brackets	Precision, durability	According to the project	Level, level	During fastening
Attaching insulation to the wall	Strength, correctness, humidity no more than 10%		Moisture meter	During and after fastening
Attaching the Adjustment Brackets	Compensation for wall unevenness		Visually
Fastening guide profiles	Gaps at joints	According to the project (at least 10 mm)		In progress
Fastening cladding panels	Deviation of the façade surface plane from the vertical	1/500 of the height of the ventilated facade, but not more than 100 mm	Measuring, every 30 m along the width of the facade, but at least three measurements per volume received	During and after installation of the facade

5 MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

5.1 The need for basic materials and products is given in Table 2.

table 2

Name	Unit	Requirement for 600 m2 of façade (including total window area 78.75 m2)
Installation of the supporting frame:
load-bearing bracket
support bracket
load-bearing control bracket
support adjustment bracket
vertical guide
sliding bracket
blind rivet 5×12 mm (stainless steel)
set screw
M8 locking bolt complete with washer and nut
locking screw
mounting bracket window connections
Thermal insulation and wind protection:
insulation
disc dowel
windproof film
Installation of facing panels
facing panel:
P1 - 1000×900 mm
P2 - 1000×700 mm
P3 - 1000×750 mm
P4 - 500×750 mm
U1 - external corner, N - 1000 mm, IN- 350×350×200 mm
perforated profile (base unit)
framing adjoining the window opening:
lower (L - 1500 mm)
lateral (L = 1500 mm)
top (L = 1500 mm) pcs.
top facing panel (parapet assembly)

5.2 The need for mechanisms, equipment, tools, inventory and fixtures is given in Table 3.

Table 3

Name	Type, brand, GOST, drawing No., manufacturer	Technical characteristics	Purpose	Quantity per link
Facade lift (cradle)	PF3851B, JSC "Tver Experimental Mechanical Plant"	Working deck length 4 m, load capacity 300 kg, lifting height up to 150 m	Carrying out installation work at height
Plumb line, cord		Length 20 m, weight 0.35 kg	Measuring linear dimensions
Lever head screwdriver nickname	Screwdriver Profi INFOTEKS LLC	Reversible lever
Manual impact wrench		The tightening torque is determined by race couple	Screwing in/unscrewing nuts, screws, bolts
Electric drill with screw attachments	Interskol DU-800-ER	Power consumption 800 W, maximum drilling diameter in concrete 20 mm, weight 2.5 kg	Drilling holes and screwing bolts
Hand riveting tools	Riveting pliers "ENKOR"		Installation of rivets
Battery rivet gun	Cordless riveter ERT 130 “RIVETEC”	Riveting force 8200 N, working stroke 20 mm, weight with battery 2.2 kg	Installation of blind rivets
Scissors for cutting metal (right, left)	Hand electric scissors VERN-0.52-2.5; metal scissors "Master"	Power 520 W, cutting thickness of aluminum sheet up to 2.5 mm; right, left, size 240 mm	Cutting cladding panels
			Driving dowels
Protective gloves for laying thermal insulation		Split	Work safety
Inventory fencing for work areas	GOST 2340-78			Actual location
Safety belt
Construction helmet	GOST 124.087-84	Weight 0.2 kg		8.6 Workplaces, if necessary, must have temporary fencing in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.059-89 “SSBT. Construction. Inventory protective fences. General technical conditions". 8.7 The construction site, work areas, workplaces, passages and approaches to them in the dark must be illuminated in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.046-85 “SSBT. Construction. Lighting standards for construction sites." Illumination should be uniform, without the glare of lighting devices on workers. 8.8 When installing a ventilated facade using a facade lift, the following requirements must be met: The area around the projection of the lift onto the ground must be fenced. Residence unauthorized persons it is prohibited in this area during operation, installation and dismantling of the lift; When installing consoles, it is necessary to attach a poster with the inscription “Attention! Consoles are being installed"; Before attaching the ropes to the consoles, it is necessary to check the reliability of the ropes on the thimble; The attachment of ropes to the consoles must be checked after each movement of the console; The ballast, consisting of counterweights, must be securely fastened after installation on the console. Spontaneous discharge of ballast must be excluded; When carrying out work on the lift, posters “Do not remove ballast” and “Danger to the lives of workers” must be attached to the consoles; The lifting and safety ropes must be reliably tensioned using weights. When the lift is operating, the weights must not touch the ground; Additional weights and ballast elements (counterweights) must indicate their actual mass. The use of untared weights and counterweights is prohibited; Work on the lift should only be carried out with helmets; Entry into and exit from the lift cradle must be done only from the ground; When working in the cradle of a lift, the worker must always use a safety belt secured to the handrails of the cradle. 8.9 When operating the lift, it is prohibited: Carry out work on the lift at wind speeds above 8.3 m/s, during snowfall, rain or fog, as well as at night (in the absence of the necessary lighting); Use a faulty lift; Overload the lift; There are more than two people on the lift; Carry out welding work from the lift cradle; Work without winch and catcher covers. 8.10 Design development of issues related to ensuring the safety of the work considered in this map is not required.

The walls of houses built from brick, various wall blocks, and even more so - representing reinforced concrete structure, in most cases do not meet the requirements for regulatory thermal insulation. In a word, such houses need additional insulation in order to prevent significant heat loss through the building’s enclosing elements.

There are many different approaches to . But if the owners prefer external finishing of your home, made of decorative plaster, in its “pure” form or using facade paints, then optimal choice becomes a wet façade insulation technology. This publication will examine how complex similar works, what is required to carry them out, and how all this can be done on your own.

What is meant by a “wet façade” insulation system?

First of all, it is necessary to understand the terminology - what is “wet facade” technology, and how does it differ from, say, conventional wall cladding insulating materials with further decorative cladding with wall panels (siding, block house, etc.)

The clue lies in the name itself - all stages of work are carried out using building compounds and solutions that are diluted with water. The final stage is plastering the already insulated walls, so that the thermally insulated walls become completely indistinguishable from ordinary, covered ones. decorative plaster. As a result, two important tasks are solved at once - ensuring reliable insulation of wall structures and high-quality facade design.

An approximate insulation scheme using the “wet facade” technology is shown in the figure:

Schematic diagram of insulation using “wet facade” technology

1 – insulated facade wall of the building.

2 – layer of construction adhesive mixture.

3 – insulation boards of synthetic (one type or another) or mineral (basalt wool) origin.

4 – additional mechanical fastening of the thermal insulation layer – “fungi” dowels.

5 – protective and leveling plaster layer, mesh reinforced(pos. 6).

This system of complete thermal insulation and facade finishing has a number of significant advantages:

Very material-intensive installation of the frame structure is not required.
The system turns out to be quite light. And it can be successfully used on most façade walls.
The frameless system also predetermines the almost complete absence of “cold bridges” - the insulating layer is monolithic over the entire surface of the facade.
In addition to insulation, facade walls also receive an excellent soundproofing barrier, which helps reduce both airborne and impact noise.
With the correct calculation of the insulating layer, the “dew point” is completely removed from the wall structure and taken outside. The possibility of the wall getting wet and colonies of mold or mildew appearing in it is eliminated.
The outer plaster layer is characterized by good resistance to mechanical loads and atmospheric influences.
In principle, the technology is not complicated, and if the rules are strictly followed, any homeowner can handle it.

If the work is done well, such an insulated facade will not require repairs for at least 20 years. However, if you want to update the finish, this can easily be done without compromising the integrity of the thermal insulation structure.

The disadvantages of this method of insulation include:

Seasonality of work - it is permissible to carry it out only at positive (at least +5°C) temperatures and in stable good weather. It is undesirable to carry out work in windy weather, at too high (over +30°C) air temperatures, with sunny side without providing protection from direct rays.
Increased demands and high quality materials, and strict adherence to technological recommendations. Violation of the rules makes the system very vulnerable to cracking or even peeling of large fragments of insulation and finishing.

As mentioned, mineral wool or expanded polystyrene can be used as insulation. Both materials have their advantages and disadvantages, but still, for a “wet facade”, high-quality mineral wool looks preferable. With approximately equal values of thermal conductivity, mineral wool has a significant advantage - vapor permeability. Excess free moisture will find its way out of the premises through wall structure and disappear into the atmosphere. With expanded polystyrene it is more difficult - its vapor permeability is low, and in some types it even tends to zero. Thus, the accumulation of moisture between the wall material and the insulating layer is not excluded. This is not good in itself, but at abnormally low winter temperatures, cracking and even “shooting” of large sections of insulation along with finishing layers occur.

There are special topics of expanded polystyrene - with a perforated structure, in which this issue is resolved to a certain extent. But basalt wool has another important advantage - absolute non-flammability, which expanded polystyrene cannot boast of. But for facade walls this is a very serious issue. And this article will consider best option– “wet facade” insulation technology using mineral wool.

How to choose insulation?

Which mineral wool is suitable for a “wet facade”?

As is already clear from schematic diagram“wet facade”, the insulation must, on one side, be mounted on an adhesive solution, and on the other, withstand the considerable load of the plaster layer. Thus, thermal insulation boards must meet certain requirements in terms of density and ability to withstand loads - both dent (compression) and rupture of their fiber structure (delamination).

Naturally, not every insulation classified as mineral wool, is suitable for these purposes. Glass wool and slag wool are completely excluded. Only slabs made of basalt fibers are applicable, produced using a special technology - with increased rigidity and density of the material.

Leading manufacturers of insulation based on basalt fibers in their product line include the production of slabs specifically designed for thermal insulation of walls with subsequent finishing with plaster, that is, for a “wet facade”. Characteristics of several of the most popular types are given in the table below:

Name of parameters	"ROCKWOOL FACADE BUTTS"	"Baswool Facade"	"Izovol F-120"	"TechnoNIKOL Technofas"
Illustration
Material density, kg/m³	130	135-175	120	136-159
Tensile strength, kPa, not less
- for compression at 10% deformation	45	45	42	45
- for delamination	15	15	17	15
Thermal conductivity coefficient (W/m×°C):
- calculated at t = 10 °С	0,037	0,038	0,034	0,037
- calculated at t = 25 °С	0,039	0,040	0,036	0,038
-operational under conditions “A”	0,040	0,045	0,038	0,040
- operational under conditions “B”	0,042	0,048	0,040	0,042
Flammability group	NG	NG	NG	NG
Fire safety class	KM0	-	-	-
Vapor permeability (mg/(m×h×Pa), not less	0,3	0,31	0,3	0,3
Moisture absorption by volume when partially immersed	no more than 1%	no more than 1%	no more than 1%	no more than 1%
Slab dimensions, mm
- lenght and width	1000×600	1200×600	1000×600	1000×500 1200×600
- slab thickness	25, from 30 to 180	from 40 to 160	from 40 to 200	from 40 to 150

There is no point in experimenting with lighter and cheaper types of basalt wool, since such a “wet facade” will probably not last long.

How to determine the required thickness of insulation?

As can be seen from the table, manufacturers offer a wide range of insulation thicknesses for “wet facades”, from 25 to 200 mm, usually in increments of 10 mm.

What thickness should I choose? This is by no means an idle question, since the created “wet facade” system must provide high-quality thermal insulation of the walls. At the same time, excessive thickness is extra expenses, and in addition, excessive insulation can even be harmful from the point of view of maintaining an optimal temperature and humidity balance.

Usually optimal thickness insulation is calculated by specialists. But it is quite possible to do this yourself, using the calculation algorithm presented below.

So, an insulated wall must have a total heat transfer resistance not lower than the standard value determined for a given region. This parameter is tabular, it is in reference books, it is known in local construction companies, and in addition, for convenience, you can use the diagram map below.

A wall is a multilayer structure, each layer of which has its own thermophysical characteristics. If the thickness and material of each layer, existing or planned, is known (the wall itself, interior and exterior decoration, etc.), then it is easy to calculate their total resistance, compare with the standard value in order to obtain the difference that needs to be “covered” by additional thermal insulation.

We will not bore the reader with formulas, but will immediately suggest using a calculation calculator that will quickly and with minimal error calculate required thickness insulation with basalt wool intended for facade work.

Calculator for calculating the thickness of insulation of the “wet facade” system

The calculation is carried out in the following sequence:

Using the diagram map for your region, determine the normalized value of heat transfer resistance for walls (purple numbers).
Check the material of the wall itself and its thickness.
Decide on thickness and material interior decoration walls

The thickness of the external plaster finishing of the walls is already taken into account in the calculator and will not need to be added.

Enter the requested values and get the result. It can be rounded up to standard thickness manufactured insulation boards.

If suddenly a negative value is obtained, insulation of the walls is not required.

Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation

State educational institution of higher professional education

"ROSTOV STATE CIVIL UNIVERSITY"

Department of Construction Technology

Course project

according to construction technology

“Development of a technological map for insulating the facade surfaces of the walls of buildings in use with the installation of a protective and finishing coating made of reinforced plasters”

Completed:

student of group EUN -320

Emelyanova O. A.

Accepted by the teacher:

Associate Professor, Candidate of Technical Sciences Dukhanin P.V.

Rostov-on-Don

2 Organization and technology of the construction process 6

2.1 Preparation of the object and requirements for the readiness of previous work 6

2.5 Methods and techniques of workers 17

2.5.1 Inspection and surface preparation 17

Installers use a rod and a plumb line to determine the deviations of the base from the vertical and indicate the direction of the slopes. 17

2.5.2 Preparation of the workplace 17

2.6 Storage duration and supply of materials and structures 17

Dowels and other fasteners are located in the utility room. Thermal insulation boards are delivered and stored in the utility room. It is necessary to provide a supply of materials for 2 days. 17

2.7 Features of processing openings, corners and other junction points 17

2.7.1 Basement part building 17

2.7.2 Corner edges 18

2.7.3 Connection to parapets, cornices 18

2.7.4 Processing openings 19

3. Quality control of work 19

4. Material and technical resources 21

4.1 Requirement for materials and products 21

4.2 Machines, devices, equipment, tools 22

5.1 Safety requirements for the operation of scaffolding equipment (extract from SNiP 12.03.2001 part 1) 25

5.2 Safety requirements when using electrical appliances (excerpt from SNiP 12.03.2001 part 1) 33

6.4.1 The design and operation of electrical installations must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the rules for the construction of electrical installations, inter-industry rules of labor protection during the operation of consumer electrical installations, and the rules for the operation of consumer electrical installations.

6.4.2 Device and Maintenance temporary and permanent electrical networks on the production site should be carried out by electrical personnel who have the appropriate electrical safety qualification group.

6.4.3 Wiring of temporary electrical networks with voltages up to 1000 V used for power supply construction projects, must be made with insulated wires or cables on supports or structures designed for mechanical strength when laying wires and cables along them, at a height above ground level, flooring not less than, m:

3.5 - above the aisles;

6.0 - over passages;

2.5 - above workplaces.

6.4.4 General lighting lamps with voltage of 127 and 220 V must be installed at a height of at least 2.5 m from the ground, floor, or decking level.
When the suspension height is less than 2.5 m, it is necessary to use lamps of a special design or use a voltage no higher than 42 V. Power supply of lamps with a voltage of up to 42 V must be carried out from step-down transformers, machine converters, and batteries.
It is prohibited to use autotransformers, chokes and rheostats for these purposes. The housings of step-down transformers and their secondary windings must be grounded.
It is prohibited to use stationary lamps as hand lamps. Only industrial-made hand-held lamps should be used.

6.4.5 Switches, knife switches and other electrical switching devices used outdoors or in wet workshops must be protected in accordance with the requirements of state standards.

6.4.6 All electric starting devices must be placed so that the possibility of starting machines, mechanisms and equipment by unauthorized persons is excluded. It is prohibited to turn on several pantographs with one starting device.
Distribution boards and switches must have locking devices.

6.4.7 Socket outlets with rated currents up to 20 A located outdoors, as well as similar socket outlets located indoors but intended to power portable electrical equipment and hand tools used outdoors, must be protected by devices protective shutdown(RCD) with a response current of no more than 30 mA, or each socket must be powered from an individual isolation transformer with a secondary winding voltage of no more than 42 V.

6.4.8 Sockets and plugs used in networks with voltages up to 42 V must have a design different from the design of sockets and plugs with voltages over 42 V.

6.4.9 Metal scaffolding, metal fencing for work sites, shelves and trays for laying cables and wires, rail tracks lifting cranes and vehicles with electric drive, equipment housings, machines and mechanisms with electric drive must be grounded (zeroed) in accordance with current standards immediately after their installation in place, before the start of any work.

6.4.10 Live parts of electrical installations must be insulated, fenced or placed in places inaccessible to accidental contact.

6.4.11 Protection electrical networks and electrical installations on the production site against overcurrents should be ensured by means of fuses with calibrated fuse-links or circuit breakers according to the rules for electrical installations.

6.4.12 The admission of personnel of construction and installation organizations to work in existing installations and security power lines must be carried out in accordance with inter-industry rules on labor protection during the operation of consumer electrical installations.

Preparation of the workplace and admission to work of seconded personnel is carried out in all cases by the electrical technical personnel of the operating organization.
34

1 area of use

1.1 Characteristics of the building and its structures

The technological map has been developed for carrying out work on insulating the external walls of a 7-story residential building with plan dimensions of 32.1 * 11 and a height of 27.5 m. The work is carried out in cramped conditions without evicting the residents of the house. The project provides for the location of thermal insulation on the outside without air gap. URSA XPS N-V-L boards are used as thermal insulation material; the protective and finishing coating is made of Sertolit façade plaster and TiM 43 putty.

1.2 Scope of work covered by the map

The works covered in the map include:

Installation of inventory fencing from ready-made links

Installation of frame inventory scaffolding

Lifting a hand winch to the 7th floor

Installation of lifting and transport equipment manual winch

Cleaning the surface from protruding cement-sand mortar, dust and dirt with electric brushes and blowing with compressed air.

Lifting insulation boards
Lifting mesh and fasteners
Drilling holes in the wall with a hammer drill to install anchors
Installation of thermal insulation boards
Installation of reinforcing mesh
Installation of anchors
Preparation plaster mortar
Lifting plaster mortar
Preparation of putty
Puttying the surface
Removing the hand winch
Scaffolding dismantling
Dismantling temporary fencing.

The winch is removed by a team of two riggers; together with them, a team of assemblers dismantles the scaffolding. The dismantling of the temporary fencing is carried out by a team of carpenters of three people. All work is coordinated in time, which is reflected in the work schedule (the work schedule is presented in the drawing).

1.3 Characteristics of work conditions

Work on insulation of the facade surfaces of the building walls is carried out on the basis of working drawings ( terms of reference) in accordance with the rules for the production and acceptance of work on the installation of insulating and finishing coatings(SNiP 3.04.01-87) and safety regulations in construction (SNiP 12-03-2001, 12-04-2002).

Work is carried out in the summer at an average outside temperature of +20°C in one shift.

2 Organization and technology of the construction process

2.1 Preparation of the object and requirements for the readiness of previous work

Before starting insulation work, the following types of work must be performed: installation of temporary fences and canopies over the entrances to the building, cleaning of the area ( bushes, trees, etc..), the necessary construction materials and products and their storage, installation of scaffolding (scaffolding), and installation of lifting and transport equipment must be delivered to the work area.

2.2 Organization and technology of work execution

The production of external thermal insulation should begin only after the survey and collection of information about the building, the development of design and estimate documentation and the execution of the appropriate permit for the work, signed by the customer and the organization performing the thermal insulation work.

The construction of each subsequent element of the thermal insulation layer should be carried out after checking the quality of the corresponding underlying element and drawing up an inspection report for hidden work.

2.3 Labor cost calculation

Before calculating labor costs, it is necessary to calculate the volume of work.

Calculation of work volumes

Dimensions of the building: Residential building with plan dimensions of 45.1 * 10.8 m and a height of 20.5 m.

1 Determination of working area:

Ok 2 1.2×0.6 S ok 2 =1.2×0.6=0.72 m 2

Ok 3 1.8×1.8 S ok 3 =1.8×1.8=3.24 m 2

Ok 4 1.2×1.5 S ok 4 =l.2×l.5= 1.8 m 2

Ok 5 1.5×1.5 S ok 5 =1.5×1.5=2.25 m 2

Ok 6 1.5×0.9 S ok 6 =1.5×0.9=1.35 m 2

Door 2.2×1.2 S dv = 2.2×1.2 = 2.64 m 2

The scaffolding installation is defined as the area of all facades.

Area of one building facade with openings and plinth:

S A(1) =32.1×27.5=882.75 m 2

Area of the second facade with openings and plinth:

S A(2) = S A(1) =882.75 m 2

Area of the end facade with openings and plinth:

S (B1) =11×27.5=302.5 m 2

S (B2) = S (B1) = 302.5 m 2

Total area of all facades with openings and plinth:

S= S A(1) + S A(2) + S (B1) + S (B2) =2*(882.75+302.5)=2370.5 m 2 - scaffolding installation area

Base area:

S Ts(A) =32.1* 1.2=38.52 m 2

S C(B) =11*1.2=13.2 m 2

Cleaning the façade surface = total area without openings and plinth:

Facade A(1) = 882.75 - (2.64 + 4.32 + 15.75 + 12.6 + 22.68 + 22.68) -38.52 = 763.56 m 2

Facade A(2) = 882.75 – (22.68+12.6+22.68+15.75)-38.52=770.52 m2

Facade B(1) = 302.5 – (5.4+5.4) – 13.2 = 278.5 m2

Facade B(2) = 302.5 – (5.4+5.4) – 13.2 = 278.5 m2

We add the resulting values 763.56+770.52+278.5+278.5= 2091.08 m²

Insulation area – 2091.08 m²

Fence perimeter:

P=(a+b)*2=(32.1+11+7.95*4)*2=149.8 -gate (4.5m)=145.3 m.

Determination of the number of slabs: S slabs =0.6* 1.2=0.72

(2091.08 m 2 /0.72) × 1.1 = 3196 pcs.

Determination of the number of fasteners:

Number of dowels per 1 thermal insulation board - 6 pieces

N dub = 6*3196=19176 pcs.

The number of anchors is equal to the number of dowels: N anchor = 19176 pcs.

Inventory fencing:

The size of the danger zone (with a building height of 27.5 m) in accordance with SNiP 12.03-20011 H = 5.2 (minimum height of cargo departure when falling according to RD 11-06-2007). Therefore, the size of the danger zone is 6.7 m.

Calculation of labor costs is given in table 1.

Table 1 – Calculation of labor costs.
Justification for EniR	Title of works	Units	Scope of work	Standard time	Labor costs in person*h	Labor costs per person	Composition of the EniR team
	1. Fence installation
	a) with a visor
	b) without a visor
	2. Dismantling the fence						Carpenters of the 1st category - 1 person; Carpenters of the II category - 1 person; Assistant 1 person of the 1st category.
	a) with a visor
	b) without a visor
	3. Installation of scaffolding
	4. Dismantling of scaffolding						Installer IV category - 1 person; Installer III category - 2 people; Installer II category - 1 person;
ESN 26-01-045-01	5. Preparation of the base, installation of insulation, installation of reinforcing mesh, application of plaster and decorative layer						Average category 4.4

2.4 Methods and sequence of work

It is advisable to carry out work on insulating the façade surfaces of the walls of existing buildings with the installation of a protective and finishing coating made of reinforced plasters in the warm season.

The work is carried out using grippers and the in-line method. The size of the grip is selected depending on the scaffolding used. At the gripper, technological processes are carried out according to a horizontally descending scheme.

Work on insulation of facade surfaces of walls of buildings in use can be divided into preparatory And basic.

TO preparatory works include: installation of temporary fences and canopies over the entrances to the building; tree pruning; delivery of building materials and structures to the construction site and their storage; installation of scaffolding means; installation of lifting and transport equipment; cleaning facades from dust and dirt.

Scaffolding means are selected depending on the size of the building and the permissible load. For buildings up to 5 floors in height, self-propelled and attached scaffolding and hanging cradles can be used; for 5-9 floors -

attached scaffolding and suspended cradles, and when the building height is higher than 9 floors - suspended cradles or combined scaffolding means. The complexity of installation from self-propelled scaffolds and hanging cradles is 30 - 40% lower than from attached scaffolds. The maximum front and intensity of work is achieved when using the attached scaffolding shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 – Attached frame scaffolding

2.4.1 Installation of scaffolding

We used lightweight attached frame scaffolding. The main characteristics of these forests are presented below in table 2.

Table 2 - Main characteristics of frame scaffolding

Dismantling and installation of scaffolding must be carried out under the supervision of a responsible foreman, who must:
a) study the design of scaffolding;
b) draw up a scaffolding installation diagram for a specific facility;
c) make a list of necessary elements;
d) accept the scaffolding set from the warehouse in accordance with
list with rejection of damaged items.
Workers installing scaffolding must first be familiar with the structure and instructed on the installation procedure and methods of attaching scaffolding to the wall (an example of attaching scaffolding to a wall is shown on Figure 2).

Figure 2 - Scheme of attaching scaffolding to the wall

(X is the mounting location)

Scaffolding must be installed on a planned and compacted site, from which water drainage must be provided. The area for scaffolding must be horizontal in the transverse and longitudinal directions. The raising and lowering of scaffolding elements must be carried out using hoists or other lifting mechanisms.

Scaffolding is installed in tiers over the entire length of the scaffolding section being mounted, according to the installation diagram:

Stage 1:
Install wooden supports and shoes on the prepared site, and install screw supports if necessary. The supporting surfaces of the scaffold frames must be strictly in the same horizontal plane, as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 – Installation of scaffolding at stage 1

Install two adjacent frames of the first tier into the shoes, and connect them with horizontal and diagonal connections, as shown in Figure 4. After a step of 3 meters, install two adjacent frames and also connect them with ties and repeat this operation to set the required length of the scaffolding. Install fencing frames along the edges of the required length of scaffolding, and the next frame should have a ladder.

Figure 4 – Installation of scaffolding at stage 2

Install the frames of the second tier, connect them with ties, and arrange the diagonal ties so that they are installed in a checkerboard pattern (shown in Figure 5). For installation, you need to use crossbars on which wooden flooring is laid.

Figure 5 – Installation of scaffolding at stage 3

For the ascent and descent of people, the scaffolding is equipped with inclined stairs (shown in Figure 6), which are installed in places reserved for hatches.

Figure 6 – Installation of scaffolding at stage 4

Stage 5:
The scaffolding is secured to the wall using plugs or hooks with bushings through brackets or clamps attached to the scaffolding frame posts (see anchoring elements on Figure 7), after 4 m in a checkerboard pattern.

Figure 7 - Anchoring elements

with hook and sleevewith stopper

Stage 6:
Repeating steps 3,4,5 to gain the required height of the scaffolding. Guardrails, intermediate elements and diagonals must be installed in accordance with general scheme scaffolding assembly.
Stage 7:
On the working and safety tiers of scaffolding, install end and longitudinal connections of fences. In places where workers climb to the working level, where diagonal ties are not installed, install longitudinal connections of the fences. Fix two adjacent frames vertically with an M8x55 bolt or pin (at the customer's request).

Install scaffold frames plumb. Installation of frames and fastening of scaffolding to the wall should be carried out simultaneously with the installation of scaffolding. Laying of decking and installation of fencing connections should be done simultaneously. Dismantling of scaffolding is allowed only after removing the remaining materials, equipment and tools from the flooring. Before dismantling scaffolding, the work foreman is obliged to inspect it and instruct workers on the sequence and methods of dismantling, as well as on measures to ensure the safety of work. Dismantling of scaffolding should begin from the top tier, in the reverse order of installation. Before transportation, dismantled elements are sorted, large-sized elements are tied into bags, and small-sized and standard products are placed in boxes.

Basic work is performed in the following sequence:

1. Lifting insulating boards

2. Lifting the mesh and fasteners

3. Drilling holes in the wall with a hammer drill to install anchors

4. Installation of thermal insulation boards

5. Installation of reinforcing mesh

6. Installation of anchors

7. Preparation of plaster mortar

8. Lifting the plaster mortar

Manual plastering with façade plaster 5 mm thick

Rubbing the wall surface by hand

Preparation of putty

Puttying the surface

Dismantling and moving scaffolding equipment to the next grip.

Plastering is done with façade cement-lime plaster "Sertolit". This is a special dry mixture of improved composition. It has good adhesion to the base and plasticity. It is used for performing traditional plasters on brick, concrete, aerated concrete, masonry, CBPB, and primed surfaces. When preparing bases on gypsum and concrete, it is recommended to apply grooves in the form of an “oblique mesh” with a sharp chisel.

Preparation of the mixture:

Add water to the dry mixture at the rate of 0.2–0.22 liters per 1 kg of mixture and mix thoroughly. Let stand for 10–15 minutes and stir for 1 minute, if necessary add water to the required consistency.

Tim No. 43 putty is used for puttying. All components included in the mixture are environmentally friendly. The mixture is fire and explosion proof. Used for external and internal work.

Area of application: leveling plastered facades, external surfaces wall panels or monolithic walls, as well as sealing cracks and damage in structures made of heavy and lightweight concrete, brick and asbestos cement. The base for puttying must be smooth and free of dust.

Preparation of the mixture:

Add the dry mixture to the water at the rate of 0.24-0.26 liters of water per 1 kg of mixture (6 – 6.5 liters per bag), mix with an electric drill with a “mixer” attachment until smooth (mixing time 2 – 4 minutes). Mixing by hand with high intensity is allowed. After 10-12 minutes, stir again for 2-3 minutes, after which the mixture is ready for use.

The increased plasticity of the solution allows it to be applied to the base in a layer 0.8-3 mm thick. The solution is applied with a spatula in one or several layers. The second layer is applied if necessary after the previous one has sufficiently hardened. If necessary, the applied layer of putty can be smoothed with a damp sponge, or sanded after its initial hardening. Water-based painting can be done after 1-2 days, other types of painting - no earlier than 5 days after applying the putty, depending on temperature and humidity conditions and the type of paint.

Consumption: per 1 sq. m. surface requires 1 - 3.75 kg of dry mixture with a layer thickness of 0.8-3 mm, respectively.

Putty made from low-shrinkage compounds with polymer additives must be leveled immediately after application with grinding of individual areas; When applying other types of putty compounds, the surface of the putty should be sanded after it has dried. The putty coating after drying should be smooth, without bubbles, cracks and mechanical inclusions.

2.5 Methods and techniques of workers

2.5.1 Inspection and surface preparation

Installers use a rod and a plumb line to determine the deviations of the base from the vertical and indicate the direction of the slopes.

2.5.2 Preparation of the workplace

Installers check the reliability of the scaffolding. Raise the necessary material.

2.6 Duration of storage and supply of materials and structures

Dowels and other fasteners are located in the utility room. Thermal insulation boards are delivered and stored in the utility room. It is necessary to provide a supply of materials for 2 days.

2.7 Features of processing openings, corners and other junction points

2.7.1 Basement of the building

External thermal insulation of a building begins, as a rule, at a height of 65-70 cm from the ground surface. If it is also necessary to insulate the lower part of the wall and its recessed part, you should: use the same insulation as for the entire system, waterproof the basement of the building, for example, based on a bitumen emulsion without the presence of polystyrene solvents.

2.7.2 Corner edges

To protect the edges of the corners from chipping, they are protected by installing a perforated corner profile made of aluminum or galvanized steel.

The corners are placed on the adhesive directly on the insulation along the entire height of the wall (except for the lower part). In the lower part of the wall, the corners should be glued on top of reinforced reinforcement, after which they are covered with ordinary reinforcement. Fastening corners to the wall surface using dowels (nails) is not allowed. In places where the insulation adjoins the structural elements of the building, its vertical and horizontal edges on the side are protected with perforated profiles made in the form of a channel. This profile is pre-attached to the wall using screw-in dowels. Insulation boards are inserted into the fixed profile. All other technological operations are performed according to standard scheme. The perforated profile into which insulation boards are inserted is also used as a support at the bottom of the wall or on balconies. It is installed so that the lower edge of the insulation is 10-15 cm from the floor. This gap is covered with a protective plate (ceramic plate), glued to the surface after finishing the insulating layer.

2.7.3 Connection to parapets and cornices

The upper part of the thermal insulation coating and its adjoining parapets and cornices should be made according to the following schemes. The upper edge of the insulation on the pediment, made according to conventional technology, either covered with a metal protective canopy fixed to the wall with screws and sealing washers, or protected by edge tiles. If there is a cornice, the upper edge of the insulation at the junction is protected by perforated profiles, which are pre-attached to the wall using screw-in dowels. The gap between the cornice and the insulation is filled with waterproof mastic.

2.7.4 Processing openings

Processing openings (windows, doors) is one of the important operations and must be performed before starting work on the installation of the main thermal insulation coating. The most common way to construct a window opening is the “quarter” option. Before you start gluing the insulation, the window opening is framed around the perimeter with a metal frame. To do this, a top and two side metal L-shaped profiles are installed in the opening, which form a frame for the insulation. Window block however, it remains in the same place. When gluing, insulation boards are inserted into a metal profile. If windows are opened outwards, metal profiles should not prevent them from opening.

These processes are performed with such tools as: a hammer drill, a plumber’s hammer, and a drill.

3. Quality control of work

Quality control is given below in table 3.

Table 3 - Quality control of wall insulation

Controlled	Requirements		Methods and means of control	Who and when controls	Who is involved to control
parameter

Cleaning the surface from dust and dirt
Surface preparation	No dust and exfoliated finishing coatings		Visually	Brigadier, master, manufacturer	Inspector,
					representative
					customer

Humidity of mate	No more than 8%		Visually, moisture meter	Master, laboratory assistant
rial wall
Evenness according to			Plumb line, cord,	Brigadier,
surface
Fastening the thermal insulation material
Fastening parts to the wall of a building	According to the project		Visually.	Master, producer	Inspector,
			measurement, measurement		representative
					customer
Number and location of dowels	In the center (between the guides), every 600 mm		Measurements, tape measure, meter.
Deviation from the vertical surface of the slabs	1 mm per 1 m, but not more than 5 mm over the entire height of the wall		Plumb line, staff, theodolite, level
Difference between two adjacent slabs	No more than 1 mm		Measurements, ruler, meter, probe
Presence of gaps between thermal insulation boards	No more than 3 mm
Grid installation
Continuation of table 3
Attaching the mesh to the surface		According to the project	Visually
Mesh cell dimensions and diameter			Visually, measurement, ruler
Roll overlap
		Plastering the surface
Layer thickness
Surface evenness		No more than two irregularities 3 mm deep	Rule 2m, probe	Master, workman	Inspector, representative customer
Surface verticality		Deviation 1mm per 1m height, but not more than 10mm over the entire height	Plumb. staff, level
Puttying the surface
Layer thickness		According to the project	Visually
		Not allowed
Surface painting
Wall surface humidity			Sampling, visual
Presence of spots, stripes, swellings, cracks		Not allowed	Visually
Continuation of table 3
Contamination of surfaces not to be painted

4. Material and technical resources

4.1 Requirement for materials and products

The requirements for materials and products are given below in table 4.

Table 4 - Requirement for materials and products

Name of material, brand (GOST)	measurements	Requirement for materials
Thermal insulation material URSA XPS N-V-L
Steel anchor d=100 mm

Reinforcing mesh
Inventory fencing
Facade plaster "Sertolit"

The main characteristics of Sertolit plaster are presented below in table 5.

Table 5 - Main technical characteristics of Sertolit plaster

Characteristic	Meaning
Layer thickness (mm)
Application temperature (degrees C)
Water consumption (kg/l)
Viability (h)
Hardening time (days)
Continuation of table 5
Consumption (kg/sq.m/mm)
Filler fraction (mm)
Name
Mobility grade
Compressive strength grade

4.2 Machines, devices, equipment, tools

The main machines, devices, equipment, tools used during facade insulation are given in table 6.

Table 6 - Basic machines, devices, equipment, tools

Name	Brand, technical characteristics	Qty	Purpose
	Frame LRSP-40		Working at heights
			Raising and lowering loads to heights
Hammer			Drilling holes in the wall for an anchor
Bench hammer	GOST 2310-77		Hammering insulation dowels
Respirator			Work safety
			Work safety
Gloves			Work safety
Construction helmet	GOST 12.4.087-84		Work safety
	10 - meter		Measuring the distance between frame elements
			Leveling the surface
			Applying plaster to the surface
Drill with attachment	Bosch GSR-12 SD		Preparation of plaster mortar; wall surface cleaning
mixer and steel

5 Occupational safety in construction

The organization and execution of work in construction production must be carried out in compliance with the requirements of SNiP 12-04.2002 “Labor safety in construction” Part 2 “ Construction production» and other regulatory legal acts, as well as these rules and regulations.

In the area where installation work is being carried out, other work and unauthorized persons are not allowed.

People are not allowed to be under mounted structural elements and equipment until they are installed in the design position.

If it is necessary for workers to be under mounted equipment (structures), special measures must be taken to ensure the safety of workers.

To protect a worker’s head from mechanical damage from objects falling from above or when colliding with structural and other elements, to protect against water, electric shock when working at height in construction, installation, dismantling, performing repair, adjustment and other work, helmets that meet the requirements must be used. requirements of GOST 12.4.087 - 84.

At work sites and in rooms where insulation work is being carried out, other work and the presence of unauthorized persons are not allowed.

Jobs to perform finishing works at heights must be equipped with means of scaffolding and stepladders for climbing them, complying with the requirements of SNiP 12-04-2002 Occupational safety in construction Part 2 “Construction production”,

When dry cleaning surfaces and other work involving the release of dust and gases, it is necessary to use respirators and safety glasses.

When running warm insulation works it is necessary to provide measures to prevent exposure of workers to the following dangerous and harmful production factors related to the nature of the work:

increased dust and gas contamination of the air in the working area;

increased or decreased temperature of equipment surfaces, materials and air in the working area; location of the workplace near a height difference of 1.3 m or more;

sharp edges, burrs and roughness on the surfaces of equipment and materials.

In the presence of dangerous and harmful production factors indicated above, the safety of insulation work must be ensured on the basis

implementation of the following labor protection decisions contained in the organizational and technological documentation:

organization of workplaces indicating methods and means for ensuring ventilation, fire extinguishing, protection from thermal burns, lighting, and performing work at heights; o special safety measures when performing work in closed

premises, apparatus and containers; o safety measures when preparing and transporting hot mastics and materials.

In work areas where insulation work is being carried out with the release of harmful and flammable substances, other work and the presence of unauthorized persons are not allowed.

Workplaces for performing insulation work at height must be equipped with scaffolding with guardrails and stepladders for climbing them that comply with the requirements of SNiP 12-04-2002 Occupational safety in construction Part 2 “Construction production”.

5.1 Safety requirements for the operation of scaffolding equipment (excerpt from SNiP 12.03.2001 part 1)

Personnel operating mechanization equipment, equipment, fixtures and hand-held machines must be trained before starting work safe methods and methods of work with their use in accordance with the requirements of the manufacturer’s instructions and labor protection instructions.

7.4.6 The soil surface on which scaffolding means are installed must be leveled (leveled and compacted) to ensure drainage from it. surface waters. In cases where it is impossible to meet these requirements, the scaffolding means must be equipped with adjustable supports (jacks) to ensure horizontal installation, or temporary support structures must be installed to ensure the horizontal installation of the scaffolding means.

7.4.7 Scaffolding means - scaffolding that does not have its own design stability - must be attached to the building in the ways specified in the technical documentation of the manufacturer (for inventory scaffolding) or in the organizational and technological documentation for the work.

The attachment points are indicated in the organizational and technological documentation. In the absence of special instructions in the project or the manufacturer's instructions, the fastening of scaffolding to the walls of buildings must be carried out through at least one tier for the outer racks, through two spans for the upper tier and one fastening for every 50 m 2 of the projection of the scaffolding surface onto the facade of the building.

It is not allowed to attach scaffolding to parapets, cornices, balconies and other protruding parts of buildings and structures.

7.4.8 Scaffolding facilities located near vehicle passages must be fenced with fenders so that they are located at a distance of no closer than 0.6 m from the vehicle dimensions.

7.4.9 The impact of loads on scaffolding means during the work process should not exceed those calculated according to the project or technical specifications. If it is necessary to transfer additional loads to scaffolding and scaffolding (from machines for lifting materials, lifting platforms, etc.), their design must be checked for these loads.

7.4.10 In places where people are lifted onto scaffolding and scaffolding, posters must be placed indicating the layout and the magnitude of the permissible loads, as well as the evacuation scheme for workers in the event of an emergency.

For lifting and lowering people, scaffolding facilities must be equipped with ladders.

7.4.11 Scaffolding means must have level working decks with a gap between boards of no more than 5 mm, and if the deck is located at a height of 1.3 m or more, fencing and side elements.

The height of the fence must be at least 1.1 m, the side element - at least 0.15 m, the distance between the horizontal elements of the fence - no more than 0.5 m.

7.4.12 Scaffolding agents used for plastering or painting work, in places under which other work is being carried out or there is a passage, they must have flooring without gaps.

7.4.13 The overlap of decking panels is allowed only along their length, and the ends of the joined elements must be located on the support and overlap it by at least 0.2 m in each direction.

7.4.14 Scaffolding and scaffolding with a height of up to 4 m are allowed into operation only after their acceptance by the work manufacturer or foreman and registration in the work log, and above 4 m - after acceptance by the commission appointed by the person responsible for ensuring labor safety in the organization and execution of the act.

When accepting scaffolding and scaffolding, the following must be checked: the presence of connections and fastenings that ensure stability, fastening points for individual elements, working floors and fences, verticality of racks, reliability of support platforms and grounding (for metal scaffolding).

7.4.15 When performing work from scaffolding with a height of 6 m or more, there must be at least two floorings: working (upper) and protective (lower), and each workplace on scaffolding adjacent to a building or structure must, in addition, be protected from above by a flooring, located at a height distance of no more than 2 m from the working floor.

In cases where the performance of work, the movement of people or vehicles under and near scaffolding is not provided, the installation of a protective (bottom) flooring is not necessary.

7.4.16 When organizing mass passage of people in the immediate vicinity of scaffolding facilities, the places where people pass must be equipped with a continuous protective canopy, and the façade of the scaffolding must be covered with a protective mesh with a mesh size of no more than 5 × 5 mm.

7.4.17 Scaffolding means during operation must be inspected by a foreman or foreman at least every 10 days with an entry in the work log.

Scaffolding means from which no work has been carried out for a month or more should be accepted before resuming work in the manner prescribed in clause 7.4.14.

Scaffolding facilities are subject to additional inspection after rain, wind, thaw, or earthquake, which may affect the bearing capacity of the foundation underneath them, as well as the deformation of the elements supporting it. If violations are detected regarding the bearing capacity of the base or deformation of the scaffolding, these violations must be eliminated and the scaffolding must be re-adopted in the manner established by clause 7.4.14.

7.4.18 During the dismantling of scaffolding adjacent to the building, all doorways on the first floor and exits to the balconies of all floors (within the area being dismantled) must be closed.

7.4.19 When operating mobile scaffolding equipment, the following requirements must be met:

the slope of the surface along which the scaffolding equipment is moved in the transverse and longitudinal directions must not exceed the values specified in the passport and the manufacturer’s operating instructions specific type scaffolding means;

movement of scaffolding equipment in wind speeds exceeding 10 m/s is not allowed;

Before moving, scaffolding must be cleared of materials and containers and there should be no people on them;

doors in scaffolding enclosures must open inward and have a double-acting locking device that protects them from spontaneous opening.

7.4.20 Suspended scaffolding and scaffolding after their installation can be allowed for operation only after they have withstood tests for 1 hour with a static load exceeding the standard by 20%.

Lifting scaffolds, in addition, must be tested for dynamic loads exceeding the standard by 10%.

The test results of suspended scaffolding and scaffolding must be reflected in their acceptance certificate or in the general work log.

In cases of reuse of suspended scaffolding or scaffolding, they may be allowed to operate after their inspection without testing, provided that the structure on which the scaffolding (scaffolding) is suspended is tested for a load that is at least twice the design load, and the scaffolding is secured standard units (devices) that have passed the necessary tests.

7.4.21 Suspended ladders and platforms used for work on structures must be equipped with special hooks that ensure their strong fastening to the structure. They should be installed and secured to the mounted structures before the latter are lifted.

7.4.22 The design of lifting scaffolds (cradles) used during construction and installation work must comply with the requirements of the relevant state standards.

7.4.23 Lifting scaffolds must be lowered to the ground during breaks in work. Transferring from a lifting scaffold to a building or structure and back is not permitted.

7.4.24 Non-inventory scaffolding (ladders, stepladders, gangways and bridges) must be made of metal or lumber coniferous species 1st and 2nd grades.

7.4.25 The length of wooden ladders must be no more than 5 m. The design of ladders must comply with the requirements of the relevant state standards.

7.4.26 The slope of stairs when lifting people onto scaffolding should not exceed 60°.

7.4.27 Before use, stairs must be tested with a static load of 1200 N (120 kgf) applied to one of the steps in the middle of the flight of stairs in the operating position.

During operation, wooden stairs must be tested every six months, and metal ones - once a year.

7.4.28 Extension ladders without working platforms may only be used to transition between individual tiers of a building under construction and to perform work that does not require the performer to rest on the building’s building structures.

Extension ladders and stepladders must be equipped with devices that prevent the possibility of them moving and tipping over during operation. At the lower ends of ladders and stepladders there should be fittings with sharp tips for installation on the ground, and when using ladders on smooth surfaces(parquet, metal, tiles, concrete, etc.) they must have shoes made of non-slip material.

7.4.29 The dimensions of the extension ladder must ensure that the worker can work while standing on a step located at a distance of at least 1 m from the upper end of the ladder.

When working from an extension ladder at a height of more than 1.3 m, a safety belt should be used, attached to the structure of the structure or to the ladder, provided it is secured to the building structure.

7.4.30 Places where ladders are installed in areas where vehicles or people move must be fenced or guarded during the work.

7.4.31 It is not allowed to perform the following work:

on portable ladders and stepladders near and above rotating operating machines and conveyors;

using manual machines and gunpowder tools;

gas and electric welding;

tensioning wires and maintaining heavy parts at height.

To perform such work, scaffolding, scaffolding and stairs with platforms fenced with railings should be used.

Tools used in construction, the building materials industry and the construction industry must be inspected at least once every 10 days, as well as immediately before use. A defective tool that does not meet safety requirements must be removed.

When carrying or transporting the tool, its sharp parts should be covered with covers. The handles of axes, hammers, picks and other percussion instruments must be made of hard and tough wood (young oak, hornbeam, maple, ash, beech, rowan, dogwood, etc.) and have an oval cross-section with a thickening towards the free end. The end of the handle on which the impact tool is mounted must be wedged.

Equipment, mechanisms, small-scale mechanization, hand tools (mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic, electric) used when working at height must:

a) meet safety requirements in terms of their technical parameters, and newly acquired ones must have a certificate of compliance with safety requirements;

c) used for their intended purpose (for the types of work for which they are intended). Use other than the main purpose must be carried out with the permission of a competent person (responsible contractor);

d) used by employees who have appropriate training and permission to work with them;

e) be equipped with protective devices (fences, covers, etc.).

Requirements for the safe operation of equipment, mechanisms, small-scale mechanization, and hand tools must be contained in labor protection instructions.

Mechanically driven machinery and equipment must have self-start interlocks that are easily accessible and clearly recognizable to the operator of the emergency stop device. Hazardous moving parts must be guarded.

Equipment, mechanisms, small-scale mechanization, hand tools that have a variable speed of rotation of the working element, when turned on, must be started at a minimum speed of rotation

Equipment, mechanisms, small-scale mechanization, manual mechanized and other tools used when performing work at height must be used with safety measures to prevent them from falling (fastening, slinging, placing at a sufficient distance from the boundary of the height difference or securing through halyards to a safety guard). employee's belt, etc.).

After finishing work at height, equipment, mechanisms, small-scale mechanization, and hand tools must be removed from the height.

5.2 Safety requirements when using electrical appliances (excerpt from SNiP 12.03.2001 part 1)

6.4.1 The design and operation of electrical installations must be carried out in accordance with the requirements electrical installation rules, interindustry rules of labor protection during the operation of consumer electrical installations, rules for the operation of consumer electrical installations.

6.4.2 The installation and maintenance of temporary and permanent electrical networks on the production site should be carried out by electrical personnel who have the appropriate electrical safety qualification group.

6.4.3 The wiring of temporary electrical networks with voltages up to 1000 V, used for power supply of construction sites, must be carried out with insulated wires or cables on supports or structures designed for mechanical strength when laying wires and cables along them, at a height above ground level of at least , m:

3.5 - above the aisles;

6.0 - over passages;

2.5 - above workplaces.

6.4.4 General lighting lamps with voltage of 127 and 220 V must be installed at a height of at least 2.5 m from the ground, floor, or decking level.
When the suspension height is less than 2.5 m, it is necessary to use lamps of a special design or use a voltage no higher than 42 V. Power supply of lamps with a voltage of up to 42 V must be carried out from step-down transformers, machine converters, batteries.
It is prohibited to use autotransformers, chokes and rheostats for these purposes. The housings of step-down transformers and their secondary windings must be grounded.
It is prohibited to use stationary lamps as hand lamps. Only industrial-made hand-held lamps should be used.

6.4.5 Switches, knife switches and other electrical switching devices used outdoors or in wet workshops must be protected in accordance with the requirements of state standards.

6.4.7 Plug sockets with rated currents up to 20 A, located outdoors, as well as similar plug sockets located indoors, but intended to power portable electrical equipment and hand tools used outdoors, must be protected by residual current devices (RCDs) with with a response current of no more than 30 mA, or each socket must be powered from an individual isolation transformer with a secondary winding voltage of no more than 42 V.

6.4.8 Sockets and plugs used in networks with voltages up to 42 V must have a design different from the design of sockets and plugs with voltages over 42 V.

6.4.9 Metal scaffolding, metal fencing places of work, shelves and trays for laying cables and wires, rail tracks of load-lifting cranes and vehicles with electric drive, the housings of equipment, machines and mechanisms with electric drives must be grounded (zeroed) in accordance with current standards immediately after they are installed in place, before any work begins.

6.4.10 Live parts of electrical installations must be insulated, fenced or placed in places inaccessible to accidental contact.

6.4.11 Protection of electrical networks and electrical installations on the production site from overcurrents should be ensured by means of fuses with calibrated fuse-links or circuit breakers in accordance with the rules for the construction of electrical installations.

Preparation of the workplace and admission to work of seconded personnel is carried out in all cases by the electrical technical personnel of the operating organization.

List of used literature

1. SNiP 12.03.2001 part 1 (Section 6.4 – Ensuring electrical safety, Section 7.4 – Safety requirements for the operation of scaffolding, equipment, hand-held machines and tools)

Technological map for facade insulation. Wet facade

1 GENERAL PART

2 AREA OF APPLICATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL MAP

3 ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION

4 REQUIREMENTS FOR QUALITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

5 MATERIAL AND TECHNICAL RESOURCES

What is meant by a “wet façade” insulation system?

How to choose insulation?

Which mineral wool is suitable for a “wet facade”?

How to determine the required thickness of insulation?

Calculator for calculating the thickness of insulation of the “wet facade” system

2 Organization and technology of the construction process

2.1 Preparation of the object and requirements for the readiness of previous work

2.5 Methods and techniques of workers

2.5.1 Inspection and surface preparation

Installers use a rod and a plumb line to determine the deviations of the base from the vertical and indicate the direction of the slopes.

2.5.2 Preparation of the workplace

2.6 Duration of storage and supply of materials and structures

Dowels and other fasteners are located in the utility room. Thermal insulation boards are delivered and stored in the utility room. It is necessary to provide a supply of materials for 2 days.

2.7 Features of processing openings, corners and other junction points

2.7.1 Basement of the building

2.7.2 Corner edges

2.7.3 Connection to parapets and cornices

2.7.4 Processing openings

3. Quality control of work

4. Material and technical resources

4.1 Requirement for materials and products

4.2 Machines, devices, equipment, tools

5.1 Safety requirements for the operation of scaffolding equipment (excerpt from SNiP 12.03.2001 part 1)

5.2 Safety requirements when using electrical appliances (excerpt from SNiP 12.03.2001 part 1)

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