Insulation of a private house. We are looking for a universal insulation

High-quality insulation for the home will not only make the building more comfortable to live in and reduce heating costs, but will also help extend the life of other building materials, preventing their premature deterioration due to freezing. It is important to choose the right insulation: only if this condition The thermal insulation of the house will be reliable and effective.

How to choose insulation

When choosing insulation for a home, take into account the following basic factors:

• type of thermally insulated structure: walls (external or internal), roof, ceiling, base, facade, balcony, etc.;
• features of the insulated structure: for walls - material of manufacture, thickness, for roofing - its type, for floors and facades - type finishing materials, which will be laid on the insulation;
• technical requirements: home insulation must be environmentally friendly. In some cases, conditions are also put forward in terms of fire safety, vapor permeability, low weight, etc.

The budget allocated for thermal insulation work. It is natural that every buyer strives to save money. But when choosing insulation, you should still not give preference to cheap materials of dubious quality and without specialized certificates. Their use can lead to ineffectiveness and/or fragility of the thermal insulation of the house, and therefore additional expenses associated with replacing insulation in the near future.

Pay attention to the thermal conductivity of the material. The lower given value, the greater the thermal insulation properties of the home insulation. The level of thermal insulation is also affected by the thickness of the material.

Another important factor choosing insulation - the method of its installation. Depending on the type of material and the form of its release, this may be:

• laying with fastening, gluing - for mats, slabs;
• spraying - for sprayed polyurethane foam and other similar materials;
• application painting tools- For liquid formulations;
• pouring - for expanded clay and other similar materials.

The choice of application method often depends on the type of structure. For example, it is convenient to fill the attic with expanded clay and cover the walls with mats.

Popular home insulation materials

Mineral wool (basalt). The material is made from molten rocks, blast furnace slag and consists of many microfibers. The advantages of such insulation are its durability, which is due to mechanical strength, resistance to mold and moisture, as well as non-flammability. Mineral wool is often used for external insulation (ventilated, plaster facades), thermal insulation of flat roofs, walls and pipelines. When choosing such insulation for your home, pay attention to the composition. It is not advisable to use materials with phenol-formaldehyde resins as a binder in residential premises.

Fiberglass. This is a type of mineral wool consisting of glass fibers. The advantage of the material is increased chemical resistance, strength and elasticity. The main disadvantage of this insulation is the significant fragility of the fibers. Broken glass wool microfragments cause skin irritation, are dangerous if they get into the eyes, and are difficult to remove from clothing.

Expanded polystyrene (foam). This is a synthetic insulation for the home, which combines extremely affordable cost with good thermal insulation properties, which determines its popularity. 98% of this material consists of air in closed cells, which is related to its effectiveness in terms of insulation. Among the advantages can also be noted hygroscopicity, light weight, preservation of its thermal insulation properties in any climatic zone. Disadvantages: low strength, ability to oxidize in air, release harmful substances when heated.

Spray polyurethane foam. This is one of the modern insulation materials that appeared on the market relatively recently. The material is a plastic with a foamy cellular structure. It is characterized by elasticity, breathability, good noise-absorbing properties, chemical resistance, and low moisture absorption. Application by spraying makes it possible to create a high-quality thermal insulation layer even on structures with complex configurations. Disadvantages include high price, UV sensitivity, and ability to degrade due to exposure. high temperatures.

Ecowool. Such home insulation is made from recycled cellulose (more than 80%) and additional additives (antiseptics and fire retardants, usually used for these purposes boric acid and sodium tetraborate, respectively). The material is considered environmentally friendly. If ventilation is possible, ecowool can be used in damp rooms (for the home these are basements, plinths, bathrooms), including those in which condensation may form on surfaces. The disadvantages of the material are a decrease in volume during operation (usually by 20%) and fragility of properties (over time, the thermal insulation characteristics decrease).

Penoizol. This material represents liquid foam, produced in cylinders. The foam substance fills well the cracks and gaps in the structure, which provides reliable thermal insulation. No need to perform preliminary preparation surface, there are no seams. Penoizol is produced on the basis of a polymer resin, into which various additives are added. Foam insulation insulation for residential and non-residential premises. The former have a more environmentally friendly composition (usually they are made on the basis of urea-formaldehyde resins), the latter often have better performance indicators, although they are not environmentally friendly. After hardening, the foam insulation layer has good vapor permeability, which ensures a normal microclimate in the room. But such insulation can temporarily emit bad smell, is highly hygroscopic and exhibits linear shrinkage.

Polyester fiber. Environmentally friendly insulation for the home. Does not contain glue and does not smell. The fibers do not break during installation and do not generate dust. The advantages of the material also include biological stability and minimal water absorption. It is not recommended to lay polyester fiber on areas that are under constant pressure.

Floor insulation

Up to 20% of heat loss occurs through the floor (for comparison: up to 30% is lost through windows and doors). Insulation placed underneath will help reduce heat loss. decorative coating. Most often used for floors following materials:

• foamed materials (foam plastic, expanded polystyrene, etc.) with one foil side;
• wood materials(plywood, fiberboard, sawdust, cork insulation);
• mineral wool.

When choosing, you need to consider:

• load on the floor. The insulation should not be deformed under its influence;
• requirements for vapor permeability, hygroscopicity, noise insulation and fire safety.

The latter requirements are usually determined by the type of flooring material and the conditions of use. For example, waterproof foam is suitable for concrete, but is not suitable for wooden floors. Glass wool dampens noise well, but due to its high moisture absorption it is not suitable for use in damp rooms.

Types of wall insulation

First of all, it matters where exactly the insulation will be used.

• Outside the building. It is important that the material is resistant to atmospheric factors, including high humidity, temperature fluctuations. For external work, polystyrene foam, basalt insulation, thermal insulation plaster.
• Inside the building. The environmental friendliness of the material is of paramount importance. In some cases, there is also a requirement for a small thickness so that the insulation layer does not greatly reduce the interior space of the premises. Can be used mineral wool, expanded polystyrene (foam), polyester fiber.

It is also necessary to analyze the compatibility of thermal insulation materials with wall and finishing materials: the insulation must be well attached to them.

Ceiling insulation

Ceiling insulation can be:

• top - the insulation is laid, poured or glued in the attic;
• lower (internal) - the material is glued to the ceiling from inside the room.

Most often, mineral wool, polystyrene foam, and foil polyethylene foam are used to insulate the ceiling. The choice depends on the installation method, technical requirements to thermal insulation.

Conclusion

Due to the large range of thermal insulation materials, many homeowners find it difficult to choose the right means for insulation, especially since each option has both advantages and disadvantages. In such cases, it is advisable to contact a company that sells thermal insulation materials. Experts will provide detailed advice on the characteristics of each insulation material and help you choose best option taking into account operating conditions, type of construction, technical requirements for thermal insulation.

On the market building materials There is a wide variety of products intended for thermal insulation. Choosing the right insulation can be difficult. To purchase the best products, you need to take into account its main characteristics and application features.

What you need to know about insulation?

The main task of thermal insulation is to reduce heat loss in winter and reduce heating of the structure in summer. Also thanks to the insulation bearing structures will be protected from negative external factors. This will help avoid deformation of building elements, which will have a beneficial effect on the service life.

It is important to remember that all types of insulation must have certain characteristics.

• Thermal conductivity. If this coefficient is small, then the room will be quite warm. Thanks to appropriate materials, heat loss can be almost completely eliminated. It must be remembered that different kinds insulation materials have different coefficients. If it is minimal, a small layer of thermal insulation will be required.
• Moisture resistance. Thanks to thermal insulation characteristics the material will not absorb moisture.
• Non-flammability. This property ensures that the product will not burn.
• Vapor permeability. Using a layer of insulation helps remove water vapor.
• Dimensional retention and strength. Thanks to the absence of shrinkage operational properties the selected insulation will last for quite a long time. Moreover, there will be no cold bridges at the joints.
• Environmental friendliness. All thermal insulation materials must be environmentally friendly, so that during the execution of work and operation of the structure, the release of harmful substances will not be observed.

Modern thermal insulation materials are conditionally are divided into several groups:

• cotton wool - mineral and glass wool, as well as mineral wool blocks and slabs;
• sheet - extruded polystyrene foam and polystyrene;
• foam - all materials that are usually sprayed onto the surface using appropriate equipment;
• others - we are talking about such rare exotic insulation materials as cellulose, flax, etc.

Mineral wool insulation

Such soft insulation materials usually include mineral and glass wool. Similar materials They are very popular due to their affordable price and good quality. Products are produced in slabs or rolls. In this case, the products can be cut using a regular knife.

The main disadvantage is considered to be insufficient moisture resistance, due to which the heat-protective characteristics deteriorate. Accordingly, such insulation materials are used for thermal insulation of structures where a waterproofing layer is provided.

Glass wool is most often used for insulation pitched roofs. A material with a density of 35 kg/m³ is suitable for this. Modern manufacturers do not always indicate this parameter on the packaging. They usually write that the material is intended for pitched roofs. When using such products for roof insulation, it is important to remember that if there is a leak, moisture will get even onto wooden rafters. For this reason it is necessary take care of reliable waterproofing . Mineral wool is not suitable for a flat roof, because it can be difficult to waterproof such a surface.

Other applications:

• using glass wool you can insulate walls under cladding or plastering;
• For floors, thermal insulation with a minimum density is suitable.

Foam glass

This type of insulation is produced based broken glass And quartz sand , as well as a foaming agent. Thanks to the use of an appropriate installation, a durable porous material with increased thermal protection is obtained. The product is not afraid of fire and moisture. It can be cut with a simple hacksaw. TO important characteristics refers to frost resistance and the ability to withstand high pressure. The material is produced in blocks and granules.

Most often, such products are used as fill insulation during well masonry walls. But if you comply frame technology foam glass is not suitable due to its heavy weight.

This material is used to insulate the facades of brick houses. The material is fixed with tile adhesive, and the process itself resembles bricklaying. After this, the coating is plastered or tiled.

Other applications:

• since the material is moisture resistant and can withstand increased loads, it can be used to insulate flat roofs, but it is not suitable for pitched roofs;
• Insulation is performed using foam glass interfloor ceilings, as well as the floors of the first floor;
• foam glass – good option for thermal insulation of blind areas, foundations and basements, since the material has a higher density.

Foamed perlite

This building material has recently appeared on the market. For its formation, frozen volcanic lava is used. First, perlite is crushed and then impregnated with special protective compounds. Products Available in slab form. For this purpose, the finished granules are mixed with cellulose and pressed. Properties finished material similar to the characteristics of foam glass. In general, foamed perlite is easy to process and is resistant to mold, moisture, and high pressure.

Application area:

• the material is intended for insulation flat roofs, and in the case of thermal insulation pitched structures a significant load will be placed on the rafters;
• when finishing walls, foamed perlite acts as a backfill insulation;
• perlite in the form of granules is suitable for floors, as well as foundations and blind areas.

Expanded polystyrene

There is a lot of controversy surrounding this type of thermal insulation. Some believe that the material is harmful because it emits toxic substances, while others admit modern views polystyrene foam is more environmentally friendly.

Naturally, technology is constantly evolving, and manufacturers want to improve product quality. Exactly because of this reason modern varieties materials are often used for external insulation of housing.

Application area:

• Most often, walls are finished with polystyrene foam;
• thermal insulation material suitable for installing floors on concrete or soil, but it is necessary to choose the right density;
• A good option for using polystyrene foam is to insulate the foundation, but you should first ensure that there is reliable waterproofing.

On the building materials market you can find a lot heat-insulating materials, which lose their relevance or appeared not so long ago.

On sale today big choice insulation materials. They all have advantages and disadvantages. To decide on the right option, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the application. Thus, lightweight insulation materials, including ecowool or extruded polystyrene foam, are optimal for roofs. Last option will do and for thermal insulation of the foundation, but when finishing the walls you can use almost any materials.

On the building materials market today there are many different types materials for insulation of various types of houses.

These insulation materials differ in their characteristics, types (slabs, mats, etc.) and places of application. They insulate walls, roofs, pipes (technical insulation), foundations, partitions and other elements of building structures.

By choosing the right insulation for your home or cottage, you can reduce your home heating costs in winter and keep your home cool in summer.

Which insulation is better, what characteristics should it have?

Which insulation is better, and what characteristics it should have, is the question of everyone who is going to insulate their home.

When selecting insulation for a particular surface, many are mistaken that the maximum density and thickness of the insulation will preserve more heat in the house. But this is not so, because. all materials can be the same density, but different in thermal conductivity, water absorption, mechanical strength and other parameters that you should pay attention to when choosing insulation. Below are also the main characteristics of insulation materials that you should pay attention to when insulating your home.

Main characteristics of insulation:

• thermal conductivity coefficient of a material (the amount of thermal energy passing through units of area, thickness, time and temperature difference)
• density
• mechanical strength
• water absorption
• vapor permeability
• fire resistance
• low caking over a long period of time
• harmlessness to humans (ecological qualities)
• ease and convenience in working with the material

Main types of insulation for home

In most cases, to insulate a house they use:

Mineral wool

Mineral wool- these are various types of insulation from minerals, which are divided into two groups:

Mineral wool

To obtain mineral wool, slags from metallurgical production, the melts of which are blown through an extruder, forming cotton wool fibers, which are produced in the form of rolls, mats and slabs.

Mineral wool in rolls , as a rule, used for pipe insulation, industrial equipment and roofs, and mineral slabs and mats for insulation of facades, walls, floors, roofs and ceilings.

This insulation, like any other, has its pros and cons.

Pros of mineral wool

• the ability to use it inside residential premises
• non-flammability
• low thermal conductivity
• excellent sound absorption
• Environmental friendliness
• application temperature from -60 to 500 degrees
• cheap cost compared to basalt insulation.

Cons of mineral wool

High water absorption and caking properties. These two indicators greatly reduce its service life.

Manufacturers of mineral wool

In the building materials market, on this moment produced a large number of mineral wool, with the help of which you can solve various types of problems of insulating the facade, walls, floor, roof and other structures of the house.

At the moment, the most famous leaders in the production of mineral wool are the following companies: TeploKnauf, ISOVER and Ursa.

Basalt or stone wool

Basalt and gabbro group rocks are the strongest in the world. From their melt is made stone wool , which is produced in mats and slabs, using binding resins that are harmless to human health, and therefore it is used for insulating houses in all structural elements.

Advantages of basalt insulation

• Does not conduct heat
• Permits steam and does not absorb moisture
• Does not burn
• Not poisonous
• Doesn't cake
• Much denser and stronger than mineral wool
• Application temperature from -160 to 1000 degrees

Disadvantages of basalt insulation

The only drawback of stone wool is its increased cost compared to other insulation materials.

Stone wool manufacturers

Today there are many manufacturers of stone wool, which produce it in a fairly large assortment, with the help of which you can solve any problems related to the insulation of a house, industrial equipment, ventilation and pipes.

The most famous brands of stone wool are ROCKWOOL, PAROC and TECHNONICOL.

In most cases, when choosing stone wool, they choose trademark ROCKWOOL, because this stone wool is the cheapest Among others, the manufacturer has a fairly large line of basalt mats and slabs, which can be produced in foil and wire, which is very convenient for insulating the technical insulation of pipes and chimneys.

Foam plastic (expanded polystyrene)

Insulation in the form of plates various sizes and thicknesses are produced on the basis of polystyrene. They are marked PSB-S , which means self-extinguishing self-extinguishing polystyrene foam (EPS).

Using a special technology, polystyrene granules are foamed and pressed into slabs, which are usually used for insulation of walls, foundations and attic floors with further plastering, because This material is fire hazardous and is not exposed to direct rays of the sun.

Pros of polystyrene foam

• Low thermal conductivity
• Ease of material and installation
• Good strength
• Does not allow steam to pass through (therefore it is not recommended for insulating the facade of residential buildings)
• Doesn't rot
• Does not deform or cake
• Not destroyed by ultraviolet light
• Cheap cost

Disadvantages of polystyrene foam

• Flammability, although it self-extinguishes in the absence of a fire source
• When burned, it emits a toxic odor that is hazardous to human health.
• Poor noise absorption

Manufacturers of expanded polystyrene PSB-S

The most major manufacturer expanded polystyrene today, is the company KNAUF, which produces a large assortment polystyrene foam under the KNAUF Therm brand, various thicknesses, density and size, with which you can insulate lightly loaded surfaces.

Extruded polystyrene foam

Special production technologies make it possible to obtain extruded polystyrene foam (EPS or XPS), which has all the same properties as polystyrene foam, only it is much stronger, has vapor permeability properties, low water absorption and does not burn, so it is perfect for insulating plastered facades, basements, flat roofs and floors.

Disadvantages of extruded polystyrene foam

• Poor noise absorption
• when melting, it emits a toxic odor hazardous to human health

EPS Manufacturers

The leaders in EP production today are PENOPLEX and URSA XPS. They produce a fairly large line of extruded polystyrene foam of various thicknesses, densities and sizes, which help solve the problems of insulating surfaces with increased load.

Expanded clay

Expanded clay- this is one of the types traditional insulation for horizontal surfaces, which is small porous balls of baked clay. Typically this material is used to insulate attic floors, foundations, basements and floors.

Expanded clay has an affordable price and has all the positive properties. It conducts heat poorly, does not burn and is not poisonous.

An important element of construction is the insulation of the house. In Russia after all most of year is winter. You've probably heard this expression - drown or swamp, but it's still cold!

Houses are insulated using building materials such as insulation materials. Do you know what types of insulation exist and which one is better to choose. Today you will learn about several of the most popular insulation materials today.

After all, it’s easy to make a mistake when choosing insulation, but replacing it will be quite expensive and difficult. If during the cold season the heat in your home does not last long, and gas or firewood bills are rising, you should think about insulating your home.

The first thing that comes to mind is to insulate the windows, walls, floors, doors and roof. As for the walls, it’s quite simple; large heat loss can be corrected by insulating it from the outside and from the inside.

So, let's move on to the types of insulation. The simplest and cheapest insulation material is straw. It is used in the form of straw blocks or in the construction of adobe (clay + straw) houses.

Of course, rarely anyone builds adobe these days. So let's move on to more modern insulation materials. Of the modern ones, we can distinguish three main and popular types– glass wool, stone wool and polystyrene foam.

Glass wool

IN Soviet time This was the most common, and probably the only type. Glass wool has a very huge disadvantage that prevents the use of glass wool as the main material.

It absorbs moisture too well, which leads to shrinkage. If there is a small gap, at least 1 centimeter, heat will quickly escape from the room and heating costs will increase.

It is rational to use glass wool for sound insulation in partitions. And as an auxiliary layer, insulating the attic or floor.

Basalt wool

The second type is stone slabs based on basalt or wool. Basalt slab is made from several types of mineral stones. It does not burn and has good thermal insulation properties.

For insulation it is better to choose basalt slabs 50 mm thick, 100 mm thick are laid faster, but in this case it is more difficult to cover all the joints (and these are cold bridges) and it is not much more difficult to cut a thick slab.

Basalt insulation has several degrees of hardness. In terms of thermal insulation properties, they are the same, but more rigid ones can be used as facade slabs under plaster.

Rigid slabs are more expensive, so it is better to use a slab with low rigidity inside the frame. Basalt insulation can be easily cut with an ordinary sharp knife.

Insulation materials made from basalt and glass wool are produced both in the form of rolls and slabs. and roofs are much easier to produce with slabs. And the rolls are easier to roll out under and attics.

Styrofoam

The next type is polystyrene foam or simple polystyrene foam. Thermal insulation properties polystyrene foam is much higher than the example of basalt wool, accordingly, the layer thickness may be less.

Expanded polystyrene has 3 significant disadvantages:

1. This is a flammable material. When burning and melting, harmful substances are released.
2. For some reason, mice are not indifferent to polystyrene foam (they really love to chew it).
3. If there is one small hole, heat will escape from the room.

It breaks and crumbles easily, so installation should be done as carefully as possible, and it is a little difficult to use for floor insulation. Extruded polystyrene foam suffers the least from such disadvantages.

Of course, such insulation costs somewhat more than ordinary polystyrene foam and much more than basalt wool. But the extruded one is denser than the ordinary one, so it’s easier to install, and you don’t have to worry about breaking or crumbling it.

He is probably the most the best material when insulating floors, especially under screed for heated floors. The list of types of insulation is constantly updated, but it takes time to test new insulation.

Ecowool

Not very long ago, such a variety as ecowool appeared.

Ecowool is split paper (cellulose) with the addition of fire-fighting and antiseptic substances. Ecowool is poured in bulk or sprayed onto vertical surfaces with a hose. Absorbs moisture too well; if the vapor barrier is damaged, this insulation will be wet like after rain.

There are several types of insulation from the inside:

• wallpaper or cork insulation plates;
• wallpaper made of polystyrene foam with heat-insulating properties;
• heat-insulating polystyrene foam plaster;
• polyethylene foam (polyfom) - special wallpaper insulation.

Polyethylene foam is located under the wallpaper and has paper covering with a special backing or foil coating.

That is, if you have a wooden floor, it is advisable to insulate it with mineral wool, and if the floor - concrete screed then polystyrene foam is used. Polystyrene foam is vapor-proof.

“...doesn’t last long, but the bills...”

“...all the joints (and these are cold bridges) and not much more difficult...”

“...mice are not indifferent to polystyrene foam...”

Please check your spelling - it's impossible to read...

Hello, Alexander.
I'm sorry, but what's wrong with the spelling? Of course, I didn’t graduate from college, but it seems to me that everything is written correctly. Perhaps you mean punctuation? Here I agree with you, I have a problem with commas. I apologize for this.

Very useful video, thank you! At one time I was looking for environmentally friendly insulation and I was also not satisfied that the insulation was made from natural fibers They treat it with all sorts of rubbish, organic insulation also contains poison, but I still found Arctic insulation for myself - it wasn’t treated with any rubbish, which means it’s definitely environmentally friendly. I insulated both the walls and the roof, everything is fine.

That's right! Warmth is only warm when you know that you are not breathing phenol vapors or other chemicals. Therefore, the choice fell on an eco-shelter and I am very pleased, because it is warm and without chemicals

An unheated hangar for storing vegetables was insulated with mats made using FORA technology. Aesthetic appearance and practicality in everything

And for reinforced concrete walls, grade M300, verified, can you use insulation whose vapor permeability of reinforced concrete is 0.03 is very low? PIR-board insulation, produced on the basis of polyisocyanurate foam, is a heat-insulating material with a very low thermal conductivity coefficient λ25=0.023 W/m °C. PIR-boards PIRRO have a very low coefficient of vapor permeability µ=0.0015 mg/m h Pa.

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Increasingly, people are resorting to insulating their homes and other premises, but the market now offers such types of home insulation that you will not immediately understand which is better.

How to choose good insulation for a house or apartment, so that it is of high quality and affordable?

Before purchasing, it is necessary to study the types of insulation and their characteristics, as well as the scope of application.

Insulation is divided into several classes: using an organic base, made from inorganic substances and reflective type insulation.

Arbolite, penoizol, fibrolite, expanded clay, PPVC, honeycomb

Organic insulation includes components that were obtained naturally (wood residues, agricultural waste, cement, and sometimes plastic).

Often found on sale this type materials and has an affordable price.

The advantages of such a heat insulator are that it is fireproof, moisture-repellent and environmentally friendly. Used in conditions where temperatures are below 150 degrees.

Most often, this type of insulation is used for houses: it is used to insulate facades or to make panels for construction filled with an organic heat insulator.

Each variety of this type insulating material is good in its own way, but thanks to this article you will find out which one is better in a particular situation.

Arbolite insulation is a new product on the market. It consists of wood waste (sawdust, small shavings) with the addition of chopped straw or reed waste.

For strength, a cement base is added to the composition, and sometimes chemical products (calcium and liquid glass). The processing process is completed by a mineralizer, which is used to process wood concrete.

The characteristics of wood concrete insulation have the following meanings:

• density (determined per cubic meter): 500 – 700 kilograms;
• thermal conductivity has a coefficient of 0.08 - 0.12 watts;
• deformation and compression of this product are 0.5 - 3.5 megapascals.

Another organic insulation material, penoizol, contains an aqueous emulsion of formaldehyde resin. For strength, glycerin is added there.

Sulfonic acids, which are contained in mipora, help form a foamy consistency. You can purchase the material in the form of crumbs or ready-made blocks.

This product has both positive and negative qualities. In industry, a liquid consistency is sometimes used to fill voids, after which it hardens - this helps speed up construction.

Fibrolite is another type of thermal insulation panels. These panels are made from narrow strips of wood shavings. For strength, a cement base or magnesite building component is used.

Expanded clay is considered the most environmentally friendly insulating component. It is obtained by firing clay and has a porous structure.

Expanded clay is mainly used for floor insulation. Positive qualities Expanded clay has a lot, but there are also several negative ones.

PPVC insulation has a wide range of applications. Insulation for walls, floors, roofs is made from this material, and it is also used as a filler for entrance doors. It consists of chloride resins and can have either a hard or soft base.

Honeycomb – based on honeycombs, which have a hexagonal shape, fabrics and paper are used. Epoxy resin used as a binding material.

The quality of such thermal insulation depends on its structure, the width of the honeycomb and the main component. This material can be used as wall insulation.

Chipboard, DFIP, polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, ecowool, polyethylene

Thermal insulation material made from chipboard is quite popular today. The base of the slabs includes wood shavings(more than 90%), the rest is made up of resins and antiseptics, which serve for moisture resistance and strength.

Chipboard indicators are characterized by the following criteria:

• the density is about a ton per cubic meter;
• tensile strength is 0.2 - 0.5 megapascal;
• The humidity of these slabs does not exceed 12 percent.

DVIP insulation boards resemble chipboard in appearance and composition. The only way they differ is the addition of agricultural waste (straw or corn stalks).

Synthetic components in the form of resin are used for the binder. To reduce fire, the slabs are treated with an antiseptic. DVIP is a good building material.

Polyurethane foam (polyurethane foam) is used for both external and internal work. The basis of such insulation is polyester.

Polystyrene foam (expanded polystyrene) consists of only 2-3% polystyrene, the rest is air, so this material turned out to be light and with good thermal insulation.

Positive qualities of polystyrene foam:

• does not corrode;
• has high waterproofing and sound insulation;
• The thermal conductivity of polystyrene foam ranges from 0.03-0.04 watts.

Foamed polyethylene consists of a foam substance and polyethylene. This material is used as a vapor barrier.

Foamed polyethylene has the following characteristics:

• density within 25 – 50 kilograms;
• thermal conductivity does not exceed a coefficient of 0.05 watt;
• has minimal moisture absorption;
• has resistance to chemical and biological factors.

The next insulation material, ecowool, contains waste cardboard and other paper products.

Characteristic properties of ecowool:

• has high noise insulation;
• has high thermal insulation;
• seamless laying of material;
• high coefficient of moisture absorption.

All types of insulation from the previous and this paragraph of the article were made of organic material, and now we will consider another version of insulation and their main property.

Inorganic type of heat insulators

Slag, glass and asbestos are added to the composition of such insulation. Sometimes the composition includes rocks. Inorganic insulation materials include mineral wool, porous concrete, lightweight concrete and others.

The form of inorganic heat insulators can be different: they are produced in rolls, in slabs and in bulk form.

Mineral wool is available in two varieties: slag wool and stone wool.

The first type consists of slags that are formed during the metal casting process, and in the second case they use natural materials, such as limestone, basalt and other rocks.

The only disadvantage of this coating is its high vapor permeability.

To eliminate this drawback, it is necessary to use additional materials.

Mineral wool has the following characteristics:

• this material practically does not burn, which helps to use it in rooms for storing explosive substances;
• noise absorption is very high. This quality allows panel houses to be insulated;
• does not undergo deformation, which prevents the formation of cracks;
• not exposed to chemical factors;
• good thermal insulation.

Glass wool is also used in construction. Glass wool is based on the remains of glass products or components that are used to make glass.

Unlike mineral wool, glass wool has one feature - it has a more elastic appearance.

Characteristics of glass wool:

• has resistance to elevated temperatures;
• does not corrode;
• thermal conductivity within 0.03 - 0.05 watts;
• the density is about 130 kilograms.

Ceramic wool is another inorganic material for insulation, only aluminum or silicon oxide is added to the composition of this component.

The positive qualities of this cotton wool are its resistance to chemical reactions, and ceramic wool is not subject to deformation.

Ceramic wool has the following properties:

• resistance to high temperatures;
• cotton wool density is within 350 kilograms;
• at temperatures above 600 degrees, cotton wool has a coefficient in the range of 0.13 - 0.16 watts.

Reflective type of insulation

Reflective insulation is based on a material whose surface is capable of reflecting heat.

Such materials include silver, gold and polished aluminum without the addition of various impurities.

To keep the price of the material affordable, manufacturers use aluminum. The coating is applied to plastic film, which can serve as a vapor barrier.

This type of insulation is produced mainly in rolls with a small thickness.

With a small thickness of the heat insulator, the material has good performance.

The main area where the reflective type is used is interior decoration. The effective area would be the ceiling and walls.

All this is explained by the fact that the warm air flow is directed upward, and the reflective insulation will help push the flow back and keep the room warm.

In construction, it is possible to use a combined type of insulation, which contains mixtures of asbestos and additional composites.

Additives include mica, diatomaceous earth and perlite. This mixture has a dough-like mass, which is directly applied to the insulation areas, after which it is expected to completely harden.

The only negative is that this method of insulation is impossible without an additional layer of waterproofing.

For safety reasons, it is necessary to use protective equipment when working, because asbestos dust has a detrimental effect on humans.

Positive qualities are determined by high heat resistance and low thermal conductivity.

The article presented a description of the most common materials for construction, types of insulation that can now be purchased on the market at an affordable price, and their characteristics.

The use of all types of insulation is suitable for a house or apartment, but it is better to choose a complex material that will not only help retain heat, but also help eliminate extraneous noise.

A good indicator will be not just insulation, but also protection from wind flow.