Insulating a house under wet façade plaster for comfort and saving energy resources. Wet facade: technology that keeps up with the times Eco-quarter wet facade installation technology

Wet facade is a way of finishing and insulating the external walls of a house. The construction of facades of this type is considered an innovative construction method. The technology makes it impossible for a dew point to form in a residential area. The installation of a wet façade facilitates its removal to the outside. Even with significant changes and differences in internal and external temperatures, condensation will not form inside the house. The question arises: what is a wet facade? This method of external wall insulation is well known and successfully used. Let's take a closer look at its features.

"Wet facade" technology

The principle of constructing such cladding is multi-layering. This is a kind of sandwich where each layer performs its own function. The name that stuck to it came from the way these layers were formed. When installing the system, various solutions are used.

Insulation technology wet method came from Germany and has proven itself well in domestic construction. The construction of wet facades is the process of creating a structure from several elements, which are layers with specific functions. They are conventionally divided into:

adhesive (basic);
thermal insulation (layer of insulation);
reinforced;
protective and decorative (plaster).

They are also called plastering systems. Exist different systems wet facade. They depend on:

insulation;
base layer and topcoat;
execution technologies.

Classification by type of materials used for layers:

organic (layers are placed in the following sequence: insulation - polystyrene foam, then reinforcement organic mass, the final layer is silicone and organic plasters);
mineral (layer materials - mineral wool, mineral mass, mineral and silicate plasters);
combined (expanded polystyrene as insulation, and reinforcement and plastering are carried out with various mineral materials).

The installation of a wet facade based on insulation is divided into 2 thermal insulation systems. Conventionally, they can be called thick-layer and thin-layer. They are mounted on

based on façade polystyrene foam;
based on mineral basalt wool.

Advantages

The main advantage is the combination of insulation and decoration functions. The technology is successfully used for cladding external walls of new buildings and reconstruction of old buildings. The main advantages of wet systems:

Excellent heat and sound insulation.
Economical. It is associated with a significant reduction in heating costs in winter and air conditioning in summer.
Slight heating of the façade surface.
Displacement of the dew point outward and adjustment of heat transfer.
Optimization of the microclimate and improvement of the microbiological situation in the premises. The finishing of external walls can “breathe” and regulate humidity.
Universality of technology. Installation is possible on all types of buildings and on different surfaces.
Possibility of sealing seams between panels.
There is no need for additional work to strengthen the foundation. The facade loads it slightly, the structure is supported by the walls.
Increasing the life of the house.
Relatively low price and variety of decorative textures, colors and shades for the outer layer of finishing.

A wet facade is an opportunity to achieve an aesthetic appearance of a building for a relatively small amount, while improving its technical characteristics.

Flaws

Despite the many advantages, there are some disadvantages. Mostly problems arise due to non-compliance with technology. The effectiveness of a wet facade depends on the implementation of the following rules:

Installation work can be carried out at temperatures above 5 degrees. In other conditions, it will be necessary to equip a closed space with the help of additional scaffolding, plastic film and heat guns.
Precipitation and high air humidity do not allow the solution to dry evenly. When operating under such conditions, defects may occur.
Do not allow the solution to dry out in the sun. During solar activity, additional protection may be needed.
It is necessary to protect the walls from dirt and dust during installation. For this you need protection from the wind.

If the installation of a wet facade with insulation is carried out in accordance with the technology, then it will last a long time. The choice of performer is very important here. His qualifications, together with high-quality materials, compensate for all possible disadvantages. You can't save money on this.

Ventilated or wet?

Each of the presented systems has its positive and negative sides. more durable and better repairable. The advantages include earthquake resistance, the ability to choose different materials for cladding and speed of assembly. A significant disadvantage is that it is more expensive than plaster.

In a plaster or wet system, local repairs are very complicated. Even minor damage will be difficult to repair unnoticed. The facade requires maintenance, however, just like a ventilated one. After a few years, the outer layer may need to be painted. But his design possibilities are endless. Decorative architectural elements can be formed at your discretion. The same cannot be said about ventilated facades.

Design rules according to SNiP

The construction of wet facades is regulated by a code building codes and rules. The rules for installing insulating and finishing coatings are detailed in SNiP 3.04.01–87.

In the process of work, they are guided by labor safety requirements in construction (SNiP 12-03-200). Building rules help to carry out thermal engineering calculations and energy efficiency of the project. Work safety falls under the jurisdiction of SNiP P-1-4-8.

Insulation of wet facades belongs to the class non-combustible materials. Fire safety is ensured by installing special fire-resistant cuts, as well as edging windows and doors with mineral wool.

Based on these documents, technological maps for the installation of facades in various climatic conditions have been developed.

Wet facade installation technology

Technology refers to the sequential fastening of all layers of the system. It will differ depending on the insulation used. A video will help you understand this process.

Main stages of the device:

preparing the base and priming the walls;
installation of window drain crutches, slopes and base profiles;
installation and shrinkage of insulation;
surface reinforcement;
primer for decorative plaster;
plastering;
painting;
installation of window sills, parapets and other parts.

Depending on the method of fastening the insulation in the wet facade, the installation technology has 3 different types:

Rigid fastening of insulation with dowels.
Movable fixation on hinges.
Fastening the thermal insulation with glue and dowels.

Strict adherence to the rules will allow you to get high-quality facade. Mounting technology on window slopes has its own characteristics. When installing reinforced mesh, it is first attached to the corners and slopes, and then to the rest of the facade. You can learn more about the construction of a wet façade in the video instructions:

How much does a wet façade cost? Example of budgeting

The cost of a wet facade depends on the materials and technologies for their installation. The estimate for work is most often presented in a table that indicates:

Name of work and materials indicating the unit of measurement.
Material and cost per unit and the entire volume.
Installation work and its cost.
Total amount.

Such a document clearly demonstrates the cost of individual stages and helps highlight the most expensive aspects. At first, a preliminary estimate is usually drawn up. Quite difficult to calculate the total cost construction work before the start of this work. In some cases, more materials may be needed than planned. Then the estimate is adjusted. The document is certified by the signatures of the contractor and the customer.

Installation of a wet facade with your own hands

To reduce the cost of constructing a façade, its installation can be done on your own. For this:

Scaffolding is being installed.
The walls are cleaned of old paint and dirt.

An antiseptic is applied.
The wall is leveled and primed.
Attached aluminum profiles at the plinth level.
The insulation and reinforcing mesh are fixed.
Plastering the facade.

The installation process is simple, but requires attention. If inaccuracies and errors were made during work, they will become noticeable over time. Thermal insulation may collapse, plaster may peel off, or cracks may appear.

Therefore, it is important to follow the technology and pay attention to quality criteria when installing a wet facade with your own hands.

Plastering external walls is traditional way finishing of buildings. New materials slightly pushed it into the background. However, this does not prevent it from remaining the optimal option for insulating premises, which combines cost-effectiveness, efficiency, environmental friendliness and aesthetics.

High-quality insulation and finishing of the façade of the house guarantee significant savings in thermal energy, which is especially important in the context of constantly rising prices for energy resources. In addition, comprehensive work makes the house more attractive from an aesthetic point of view. There are different methods of insulating and decorating buildings, but the wet facade is considered the most modern: the technology of this finishing method is described in detail in this article.

Wet insulation of facadesoutside or inside: features of choice

Traditional building materials used for the construction of walls, such as brick, wall and concrete blocks, are characterized by increased strength and sufficient for a long time services. However, they do not have a high level of thermal insulation, and therefore Substantial part thermal energy simply evaporates through the walls. In order to prevent this undesirable process, the walls are insulated.

Insulation can be both internal and external. At the same time, the amount of material, the amount of work and the organization of the process inside the house are more profitable and cost less. At the same time, there are a number of serious arguments in favor of insulating the house from the outside.

External methods, which include wet facade insulation, require the presence of a so-called dew point - this is the zone where condensation is released under conditions of temperature changes both in the middle of the room and outside. If insulation is attached to the inside of a load-bearing wall, there is a high probability of condensation, which leads to high humidity in room. Therefore, this method of thermal insulation is less functional and even hazardous to health, since against the background of dampness, fungi and mold appear on the walls.

With external thermal insulation, the level of heat resistance or thermal inertia of the walls increases significantly. In other words, a building insulated from the outside retains heat for a longer time when the outside temperature drops significantly and warms up slowly in the summer heat.

When insulating a house externally, a wet facade eliminates all kinds of cold bridges, through which in most cases the main heat loss occurs when internal thermal insulation is installed.

What is a wet facade:technology features

The external method of insulating facades has its own classification. There are dry and wet technologies. The first option, in turn, includes prefabricated or suspended facades. The main material used in this technology is vinyl or metal siding. The wet facade system is considered more practical, highly efficient, economical and attractive in appearance.

Important! A distinctive feature of a wet façade is its multilayer nature, where each individual layer plays its own important role in the process of insulation and decoration. To fully realize the functions, preference should be given only to high-quality materials.

The use of the wet technique allows you to obtain not only good quality insulation, but also beautiful home decor. An important condition is the use of high-quality special solutions. The final stage is the process of applying plaster and painting - these are key components of the beautiful appearance of the building.

Wet façade technology involves creating a multi-layer cake on the outside. The layers are attached to the wall by applying special adhesive solutions, mastics and plaster, which are dissolved in ordinary water. Hence the name - wet facade. The work requires following a clear order of priority in applying layers: primer, adhesive mixture, thermal insulation boards, additional sizing, mesh reinforcement, plastering and painting.

Each phase involving the use of a wet method, be it gluing, plastering or painting, must be carried out at temperatures above +5 ° C. Not only the quality of work and the degree of thermal insulation, but also the service life of the decorative insulation depend on the sequence of work, materials and compliance with conditions. Otherwise, the facade will soon begin to crack and collapse.

Wet facade: pros and consexternal insulation technology

The wet insulation technology has a number of undeniable advantages and a certain number of disadvantages. The advantages include:

high degree of decorativeness and attractiveness of the facade;
lightness of the thermal insulation layer, which allows the technology to be used on buildings with weak foundations;
reliable thermal insulation that retains heat in the house for a long time according to the principle of a thermos and eliminates the appearance of “cold bridges”;
additional protection of the house from destructive atmospheric influences (moisture, freezing, wind);
reliable sound and vibration insulation;
durability (facade made according to wet technology, can last up to 40 years);

eliminates the appearance of condensation and, as a result, dampness in the house, which occurs thanks to the “breathable” external plaster;
the cost of a wet facade is acceptable, especially in comparison with other methods of insulation;
the technology does not “steal” useful space in the room.

Speaking about the advantages, we should also mention the disadvantages that this methodology has:

work should be carried out at optimal temperature conditions outdoors (if the temperature is below +5 °C, then it is almost impossible to achieve the desired result);
each layer requires a certain time to dry, so unexpected precipitation can negatively affect the quality of insulation in the end;
the ingress of dust and dirt during work also negatively affects the result, so the surface should be protected from the wind.

Helpful advice! Work on insulating a building with a wet facade cannot be carried out during rains. Therefore, it is better to plan installation for spring or summer, when there is much less rainfall.

Wet facade technology: step-by-step instructions

Based on the above advantages and disadvantages, the conclusion suggests itself that this technology makes it possible to create high-quality thermal insulation subject to minimal financial investment. The main principle is a clear step-by-step approach to applying all layers. The technology for performing the work includes three or four stages of forming a wet facade. The photos clearly demonstrate this. Each of the layers fulfills its functional purpose.

Layer of plaster	Main works	Function performed
Adhesive or preparatory	Preparing the base, installing fasteners and priming with glue	Determines the degree of reliability of fastening of the future structure
Thermal insulation	Fastening thermal insulation boards using glue and dowels	Provides the degree of insulation of building walls
Reinforcing	Includes installation of reinforcing mesh	Guarantees the strength and reliability of the structure and serves as the basis for the final finishing layer
Decorative	Application of decorative plaster in various ways and painting	Protects thermal insulation boards from atmospheric influences and ensures the external beauty of walls

All stages perform a number of important functions that ensure the overall reliability, strength and durability of the structure, so each of them requires a responsible approach and detailed study.

Wet facade: installation technologypreparatory stage

Before starting insulation work, care should be taken to prepare the basic foundation. For this purpose, the walls are thoroughly cleaned and all defects are eliminated. It is necessary to cover the cracks with mortar and level the surface. If the surface is heavily soiled, it is recommended to use detergents.

Next, the surface is tested for strength. To do this, small pieces of insulation are glued to the wall. If they hold securely and do not break into pieces, then you can begin installation. If they easily come off along with the top layer of the wall, then the stripping should be done again.

After full preparation The walls are coated with a primer. And after drying - a layer of glue. If the surface of the house consists of a material with increased absorption, then ground layer should be more thorough. It's better to apply it twice. It is recommended to remove old plaster from window and door slopes in advance.

At the preparatory stage, care should be taken to install the profile strip. The base profile will help to evenly distribute the load from the insulation boards and protect the bottom row of insulation from moisture.

Helpful advice! A smooth process can be ensured by a special kit for facade insulation, sold in hardware stores. The adhesive mixture for wet facades, Ceresite, has proven itself well.

The profile is mounted at a level of approximately 35-40 cm from the ground with a three-millimeter gap between the planks placed horizontally, in case expansion occurs under the influence of temperatures. The profile is attached directly to dowels or screws. Their number depends on the density and weight of the selected material for thermal insulation. Most often they are placed at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other.

Thermal insulation stage for a wet facade: sequence of work

Installation of the thermal insulation layer is one of the main stages, as it involves fastening the insulation boards. The process itself requires adherence to a clear sequence and compliance with a number of rules.

Applying glue to the surface of the slab. The adhesive solution is distributed along the perimeter of the material in a wide strip, departing approximately 3 cm from the edge. In the middle, the glue is distributed pointwise. The main thing is that more than 40% of the slab area is covered with the adhesive mixture. If the thermal insulation layer is lamella mats, then the adhesive solution must be applied over the entire surface.

Laying slabs. The wet facade insulation technology involves installing insulation “in a running start”, similar to brickwork. In this case, the tiles should be pressed tightly against each other and against the wall. Any glue that comes out must be removed immediately. The installation process occurs from the bottom up, starting from the base profile. You will need to wait 3-4 days for the glue to dry completely.

Fastening slabs with dowels. At the next stage, the thermal insulation layer should be additionally secured with dowels. Their length should be selected based on the thickness of the insulation layer, adhesive solution and the allowance for recess into the wall. If the density of the insulation for a wet facade is high, then 5 cm is enough for the recess margin; for porous materials this figure should reach 8-9 cm. For 1 m² of surface you will need from 7 to 15 dowels. Their number depends on the density of the insulating boards, the diameter of the fasteners and the height of the insulation.

Even before installing the dowel, a nest is prepared under it. Given that correct fastening the clamping bushings will be placed close to the insulation.

Wet facade: technologylaying the reinforcing layer

A reinforced base is necessary to ensure a reliable level of adhesion of decorative plaster on top of the insulation. For this purpose, a special mesh is attached to an adhesive base, recessed into the middle. Installation of the reinforcing layer begins at least two days after applying the heat-insulating layer.

Helpful advice! For strengthening, it is recommended to use alkali-resistant mesh made from fiberglass with a reliable coating. Otherwise, within a year the reinforcing layer will begin to deteriorate, and the plaster will simply crumble.

First, the mesh is attached to the corner slopes in the openings of windows and doors, as well as at the junction of vertical slopes and lintels. Then they move on to the corners of the building from the outside, and finally to the remaining areas.

Related article:

Selecting the type of insulation. Features of materials, their advantages and disadvantages. The main stages of insulation installation.

The process itself involves applying a layer of special glue. Then a special fiberglass reinforcing mesh is gradually carefully embedded into it. It is laid overlapping, which ensures the formation of a reliable reinforced base. Excess material is cut off. The total thickness of the reinforcing layer should be a maximum of 6 mm, while the mesh itself is located two millimeters from the surface of the insulation.

When creating a wet façade on buildings with increased loads or on basement floors, it is necessary to use a reinforced armored mesh that can withstand higher loads. It is the reinforcing layer that plays a big role in the strength of the entire structure. It ensures the wall's resistance to atmospheric and mechanical influences. It is equally important that the mesh resists the alkaline effects of aggressive components contained in the plaster solution.

Wet façade plaster:decorative layer application technology

The finishing layer plays a dual role, as it is responsible for the external attractiveness of the walls and at the same time serves as protection for the thermal insulation layer from external negative influences. In this case, the plaster must have a certain porosity in order to allow excess condensation to pass through, allowing the wall to “breathe”.

Decorative finishing is the final phase in the installation process performed using wet facade technology. Plaster begins to be applied only after the reinforcing layer has completely dried. To do this you will have to wait about a week. At the same time, in addition to high decorative qualities, the plastered surface must meet a number of requirements:

have a high degree of vapor permeability;
be resistant to atmospheric influences in the form of rain, snow, fog and other precipitation, as well as to the influence of direct sunlight;
have high resistance to mechanical damage.

In order for the plaster to lay easily on the insulation, the plates must fit tightly to each other. The permissible error is maximum 3 mm. Otherwise, the next two layers will not be able to mask the flaws, which will affect the appearance of the entire structure. You will either have to apply very thick layer plaster, or accept the unevenness. This fact indicates that it is necessary to select high-quality materials, as well as use special plaster mixture– for outdoor work.

Helpful advice! The quality of work and the longevity of the plaster service are affected by compliance with the temperature regime. As in the case of fastening slabs, the working mixture should be applied at a temperature of at least +5 ° C. The maximum value is +30 °C, since excessive exposure to sunlight can negatively affect the quality of the plaster.

Variety of types of plaster finishing wet facade

The final stage in the complex of works to create a facade using the wet method is the application of a plaster layer. To organize a thermal insulation layer, various techniques are used decorative finishing, we will consider the main ones below.

Mineral plaster. The material is a binding mixture based on Portland cement. The main advantage of this type of coating is its high level of strength and vapor permeability. This type of finish is resistant to moisture, does not become damp or deteriorate. The next advantage is the affordable price. The disadvantages include a narrow selection of colors.

Silicate plaster is a type of mineral plaster, as it contains. Well suited for decorating aerated concrete and foam block walls, as well as for use as part of wet facade technology, since it has high level vapor permeability. However, it should be noted that before applying it, you will definitely need to cover the surface with a layer of a special primer.

Acrylic plaster basically contains resin in the form of an aqueous dispersion. The positive qualities of the material are elasticity and a high degree of adhesion in relation to different surfaces. To avoid cracking, acrylic is applied thin layer on a reinforced fiberglass mesh treated with sealant.

Silicone plaster has a number of unique properties; it is very flexible and viscous. Even if the building subsides, a wall coated with a silicone layer will not crack. This finish is available in a wide range color scheme and has self-cleaning properties. Thus, the wall itself will be cleaned of dust and dirt under the influence of precipitation.

The basis of a wet facade: materials for work

Having examined in detail all stages of work, a novice master will be able to assess his strength in terms of independent device wet facade with insulation. If a positive decision is made, then care should be taken to have a full arsenal of materials and tools. The list below will take into account all the details. So, this technology requires the presence of basic materials:

Thermal insulation boards as a base material require a special approach in selection. You should calculate in advance the thickness of the slabs, on which the degree of thermal insulation depends, and study the characteristics of different insulation materials.
The base profile is selected taking into account the width and thickness of the selected thermal insulation boards. The quantity is calculated based on the size of the building.
The mesh for a wet facade, which serves as strengthening of the entire structure, is most often roll material made of fiberglass. For buildings with heavy loads, more reliable meshes are used.
Wet facade adhesive is used to fix slabs. It is selected in accordance with the selected insulation.
Decorative plaster is applied at the final stage. You can use ready-made formulations.

Helpful advice! When choosing materials for the manufacture of a wet facade, they are primarily guided by the qualities and features of the selected insulation. For example, mineral wool glue is not suitable for fixation foam boards and vice versa.

Additional materials for creating a wet facade with your own hands

The above list of materials is considered basic, but far from exhaustive. If you don't take care of purchasing complete set before making a wet facade, a number of inconveniences and difficulties may arise during the implementation of the project.

The primer is applied at the preparatory stage in order to ensure better adhesion of the slabs and the wall. The type of primer is selected in accordance with the type of decorative plaster.

The composition for plastering the protective and reinforced layers is applied directly to the insulation, although it is often confused with decorative plaster. These are different compositions - and this should be taken into account. One of the main differences is the higher price of finishing plaster.

The paint is intended for decorating walls and serves as a certain protection against atmospheric influences. Do not neglect this material and save on it.

A necessary component are mushroom-shaped dowels. It would seem like a trifle, but without them, reliable fixation of the slabs will not be ensured. Therefore, you should take care of purchasing them in advance.

Dowels for attaching the base are a separate element, very important even at the preparatory stage. The length of the dowel nails depends on the material of the wall where the profile is attached. During the installation of the base, you should also ensure that there are special elements for connection at bends and corners.

In order to purchase a complete set, manufacturers offer comprehensive systems that already include everything necessary materials and tools for creating a wet facade. At the same time, not every set takes into account the individual needs of the owners, and therefore you need to be careful when purchasing such sets.

Tools necessary for insulating walls with a wet facade

The list of tools for performing work using wet facade technology should include almost the entire arsenal experienced builder and a row special devices, which will greatly facilitate and speed up the process. In particular, you will need:

a square necessary for marking right angles and 45° angles;
construction level, designed to determine the degree of deviation of parts from surfaces in the horizontal or vertical direction;
tape measure for measuring the length and width of various materials;
a plumber's hammer designed to work with different materials;
saw with fine teeth for cutting foam materials;
construction mixer for mixing dry construction mixtures of sand, plaster, glue, putty;
rollers for priming on different stages and for painting the finishing layer of decorative plaster;
Swiss trowels, used to coat the surface with various mixtures and smooth them;
a trowel with teeth, used for gluing and fixing the reinforcing layer using the “sinking” method;

a simple plastic trowel for applying putty and plaster compositions;
trowel for convenient mixing of the solution;
spatulas and trowels of various sizes;
cutter for deepening dowels when attaching slabs to the wall;
sealant gun.

Helpful advice! You should take care of purchasing tools at the preparatory stage. This list is maximum and extensive, but it is possible that additional tools may be needed during the work.

Insulation for wet facades: variety of materials and features of choice

Facade insulation is divided into two large groups– products made of polystyrene foam and mineral wool. Foam materials are lightweight, quick to install and have a high level of thermal protection. The main disadvantage of the material is its flammability. Mineral wool for a wet facade costs an order of magnitude more, while being more reliable in its performance qualities. Plates made of this material do not burn and have a high level of vapor permeability.

The density of mineral wool for a wet facade must be at least 150 kg/m³, and the tensile strength must be at least 15 kPa. It is recommended to give preference in choosing slabs made of basalt fiber. As for polystyrene foam, for insulation work you should choose a special-purpose material with low flammability. Experts do not recommend using this in this area. extruded polystyrene foam, which has low vapor permeability characteristics and has weak adhesion to the adhesive solution.

Used in different conditions different kinds insulation boards. The choice is guided by physical and chemical characteristics insulation, based on its specific purpose. Moreover, each group of insulation has its own classification.

Mineral wool under a wet facade: materials for manufacturing and their advantages

So, mineral wool slabs are ideally suited for finishing facades. This advantage is due to a number of specific positive characteristics:

durability;

fire resistance;
excellent vapor permeability;
high level of heat and sound insulation;
resistance to chemical and biological substances;
environmental friendliness;
ease of installation.

Besides, individual species cotton wool, in particular products with phenolic binders, are characterized by a high level of moisture resistance. The most preferred are diabase or basalt wool slabs for wet facades. The price of such insulation is significantly higher than other analogues, but this is the case when they pay for quality.

Since the strength of mineral wool should start from 15 kPa, and the material itself should not react with the plaster, the use of fiberglass slabs in this area is impractical. This is due to the fact that such mineral wool is easily destroyed in an alkaline environment and does not have sufficient tensile strength.

Fiberglass boards will begin to crumble under the influence of alkalis contained in the base reinforced layer and adhesive solution. The pH level of these materials averages 12.5. The corresponding reaction does not begin immediately, but after a couple of years. Destruction occurs especially intensively under the influence of strong winds. Thus, very quickly a wet façade made of fiberglass slabs will become unusable.

Additional qualities as criteria for choosing mineral insulation for a wet facade

An important indicator in choosing thermal insulation boards is the moisture absorption coefficient. It is desirable that its level be at around 15%, since moisture absorbed into the material will lead to its inevitable deformation and negatively affect thermal conductivity. Boards with a high degree of moisture absorption do not provide the required level of solidity of the facade. As a result, such a design will not last more than two years.

Helpful advice! The mineral wool density of a wet facade should range from 150 to 180 kg/m³. Otherwise, the process of applying the finishing layer becomes more complicated and there is a risk of delamination of the entire thermal insulation coating facade.

The technology of a wet facade using mineral wool involves selecting slabs in such a way that the degree of vapor permeability from the first (preparatory) to the last (decorative) layer gradually increases. Compliance with this requirement will provide favorable conditions and prevent condensation in the middle of the structure. In the climatic conditions of Russia, most of the time throughout the year, temperatures inside houses are much higher than outside. Such conditions significantly increase the likelihood of condensation occurring.

Wet facade made of foam plastic: features of the material and requirements for its selection

Another group of insulation materials, the main raw material in the production of which is polystyrene foam, also has a certain list of positive qualities. It should be noted here:

low cost;
lightness of the material;
high thermal and sound insulation;
vapor permeability;
environmental friendliness;
ease of installation.

The list of disadvantages of foam plastic boards significantly exceeds the similar characteristics of mineral wool. The main disadvantage is the flammability of the material. In order to eliminate this shortcoming, manufacturers treat the insulation with special chemicals - fire retardants. Thus, even in the event of a fire, the spread of fire will be stopped, that is, the flame can go out on its own.

Fire safety is also ensured by special inserts made of non-combustible materials, in particular mineral wool. The use of this method led to the emergence of a separate combined material.

Other disadvantages of the material include a low degree of bioprotection. Insects and even rodents can live in the foam. Also, expanded polystyrene boards are more fragile, which creates certain problems during the installation process, and are less wear-resistant in operation.

Requirements for polystyrene foam boards for wet facades: price and quality

Before you buy material for a wet polystyrene foam facade, you should study its characteristics and compliance with all requirements. It must have a tensile strength of at least 100 kPa and have a density of 15 to 25 kg/m³.

Helpful advice! The choice of material in accordance with all the requirements for it and its correct installation with strict adherence to the technology of installing a wet facade using insulation guarantees its service life for 20-30 years. Repairs to the decorative layer will have to be done a little more often, but the costs will be significantly lower.

High-quality material can be determined even by external data. The insulation granules should fit as tightly as possible to each other and have approximately the same size. Otherwise, such foam will bring a maximum of problems, starting from the installation process and ending with direct operation. Low-quality coarse-grained material absorbs an increased amount of moisture, which, in turn, entails its deformation and leads to loss of thermal insulation qualities and premature destruction of the facade

The shape of thermal insulation boards made of polystyrene foam should be the same as that of a regular rectangle. The error is allowed no more than 2 mm per 1 m. Differences in the thickness of the insulation can be a maximum of 1 mm, and the deviation on the surface of the front plane should not exceed 0.5%. Otherwise, it is impossible to insulate the facade of the house without defects. A wet facade from the outside will have poor aesthetic characteristics, and its service life will be reduced several times.

Consumption of materials for arranging a wet facade: photos of private houses

As with other types of construction work, the consumption of materials is approximately based on the required amount per 1 m² of finished wet facade. Insulating a house from the outside involves the following costs:

primers will need approximately 250 milliliters per 1 m²;
adhesive solution for fixing heat-insulating boards is used at the rate of 10 kg per 1 m²;
the consumption of the insulation itself with a slab thickness of at least 5 cm corresponds to the insulated area;
You will need about 5 dowels per 1 m² for fastening the slabs;
mesh for a wet facade is consumed at the rate of 1.3 m² per 1 m²;
plaster for the leveling layer should be purchased based on the needs of 0.3 kg per 1 m²;

primer consumption under finishing layer is approximately 0.3 kg per 1 m²;
ready-made decorative plaster will need about 3 kg per 1 m².

In order to correctly calculate the required amount of materials, you need to follow the instructions on the packaging of the material, or it is better to purchase ready-made kits. The Ceresit wet façade system has proven itself well in this market segment. Technology facade insulation using mineral wool slabs requires the use of the Ceresit WM brand.

For insulation using foam plastic using wet facade technology, Ceresit is marked VWS. Thermal insulation boards are treated with an adhesive composition and mounted on the wall; a special protective layer with reinforced fiberglass mesh is applied on top. The system of the appropriate brand contains all the necessary materials.

Price components for installing a wet façade per m2

The price of a finished wet facade includes the total cost of preparatory, installation and decorative works. The main costs are for materials based on their cost per 1 m² for a blank wall.

Important! The main component of the total cost of a wet facade is the price of insulation, which depends on its type, density and mineral additives.

The total cost of the finished system is the total price of the constituent components:

adhesive mixture for attaching insulation;
plaster mortar for the base;
mixtures for decorative plaster;
fiberglass mesh for reinforced layer;
dowels and other fasteners;
two types of primer;
thermal insulation boards.

Off-the-shelf systems usually do not take into account the cost of additional and optional parts, various profiles and auxiliary fasteners. Also, not all manufacturers offer thermal insulation materials as a package. In this case, you should keep in mind average cost insulation. For example, the average price of mineral wool for a wet facade 10 cm thick is about 650 rubles. for 1 m². The cost of expanded polystyrene according to the same indicators – about 250 rub.

Thus, the price of a wet facade per m² with mineral wool slabs will be about 1,200 rubles. A thermal insulation system made of polystyrene foam will cost much less - about 750 rubles. for 1 m².

Arrangement of a wet facade: cost of work form² to order

The total costs of installing insulation and decorating it include payment for the services of craftsmen or contractors. This is the case if the work is not carried out independently. The total price ranges from 1000 to 2500 rubles per square meter. It all depends on the total scope of work, the type of materials and the method of decorating the finished wall. The main components and average price of installing a wet facade are shown in the table below:

Type of work performed	Cost, rub./m²
Installation and dismantling of scaffolding for construction	130 – 150
Surface primer taking into account deep penetration	60 – 90
Attaching insulation with adhesive and leveling the wall	370 – 450
Installation of reinforcing layer with base plaster layer and flush sealing	330 – 370
Primer of the wall using quartz sand	65 – 75
Decorative plastering of various types	240 – 350
Decorating with stone on the façade plinth	870 – 920

The wide range of prices for wet plastering of facades is justified by the varying degrees of complexity of the decoration process. The list may also include additional work, for example, installation of decorative elements. Their cost is calculated separately and depends on the complexity.

Additional factors affecting the cost of wet façade work

The above services and their cost are not constant. The list can be much longer, and the price increases due to additional costs. The final price per m² of turnkey wet facade depends on the row additional factors. In particular, you should consider:

the original appearance and structure of the facade;

the presence of flaws and damage;
level of complexity of the work performed;
the total number of openings for doors and windows, as well as their location;
quality characteristics of materials and their quantity;
total amount of work.

Helpful advice! The cost is calculated individually for each specific case. Sometimes, even with an identical list of work and the same processing area, the price can differ significantly.

Thus, the final cost includes additional costs. For example, labor-intensive work at high altitude will require the installation of auxiliary scaffolding. The cost of their rental depends on the height and period of use. It should also be taken into account that work at heights is much more expensive, as it requires special skills and the organization of insurance. The price formation is influenced by the costs associated with delivery and the features of individual facades.

Installation wet system will cost an order of magnitude cheaper than the arrangement, but its further operation will cost more. Wet facade technology is usually used for insulating private houses, and ventilated facade technology is used for finishing larger buildings. Let's look at what this is connected with below.

Ventilated facades: pricedictated by quality

Speaking about the scope of application of the wet facade method, it is worth mentioning such a feature as limited resistance to the effects of temperature changes. Based on many years of research, the European Association of Plaster-type Thermal Insulation Systems has come to the conclusion that wet façade technology is not appropriate in all climatic conditions.

Even the most reliable and expensive materials and installation in compliance with all requirements do not provide a long-term guarantee of service in the inland climate of temperate latitudes, which prevails over a significant part of the territory of Russia. The scientists of the association took grapes, or rather not the plant itself, but its ripening cycle, as the starting point for using the wet façade system. That is, in an area where climatic conditions allow the ripening of at least one of its varieties, the use of technology is advisable.

In conditions of constant rain and high humidity, for example, in close proximity to the sea, the use of this technology is undesirable. This is due to the poor moisture resistance of this type of facade. If the wall is subject to frequent mechanical stress, then installing a wet facade is also not recommended.

Based on the listed contraindications, an alternative plaster-type façade technology was invented in the form of a suspended thermal insulation system with air gap. In other words, a ventilated façade. What are the similarities, differences and advantages of this type of building insulation - we will look further.

Helpful advice! You can check the quality of thermal insulation under a ventilated and wet façade using a thermal imager. Warm colors in the photo show heat loss, and dark colors show the heat resistance of the walls.

Comparative characteristics of ventilated and wet facades: photos of houses and buildings

The hanging system differs from the plaster system in that when installing a wet facade, the plaster is applied directly to the thermal insulation layer. A ventilated facade involves installing a fiber cement facade panel at a certain distance from the insulation, which creates the necessary protection from precipitation. In addition, thanks to the protective screen, excess moisture that appears behind the facade panel can evaporate through the air opening.

Thus, the ventilated facade has an additional number of functions compared to the wet method and provides:

additional protection against moisture, as well as sound insulation;
highest degree of fire protection;
coolness in the room in the summer, which allows you to save on air conditioning;
elimination of defects on the wall in the form of unevenness and curvature;
ease and speed of installation;
wide choice of design options;
additional thermal insulation, facilitated by the presence of an air cushion.

In addition, fiber cement coating does not require auxiliary maintenance and repair of the decorative layer after several years. The hinged structure can last for several decades without intervention.

When solving the dilemma of which façade to choose, you can be guided by the following recommendations. A wet facade is advisable when you need to minimize the cost of finishing a building and minimize the load on the walls. In this way you can design perfectly smooth walls without complying special requirements to the strength and wear resistance of the facade.

The hanging cladding, in turn, compensates for wall unevenness and helps hide any defects. Work on installing a ventilation façade can be carried out at any time of the year, even at sub-zero temperatures.

Areas of application for wet facades and ventilated facades

The scope of application of ventilated facades is much wider. They are used for insulation of private houses, finishing of multi-storey new buildings and public buildings. They are most widely used for decorating shops, cafes, shopping and entertainment centers and other public and commercial institutions.

Important! Wet facades are used for thermal insulation of low-rise buildings and utility rooms, as well as when it is necessary to save on insulation. How a budget option this method It is also applicable in the energy saving system of government institutions and public buildings.

Various materials are used in the cladding of ventilated facades, in particular:

porcelain stoneware plates;
aluminum and composite panels;
fiber cement;
laminate slabs produced under high pressure.

The main advantages of a porcelain stoneware facade are its durability, varied colors and high aesthetic characteristics. But such material is quite expensive. The price of aluminum composite panels is more affordable. The material itself is universal, and thanks to a wide range of colors and structures, it allows you to realize the wildest fantasies of the architect.

Fiber cement is a material that imitates stone and is resistant to moisture and sun. It is characterized by ease of installation and an open type of fastening. It is used more often than others for cladding residential buildings. Laminate panels are a new material that comes in different colors, textures, is resistant to weathering and fire, is lightweight, durable and environmentally friendly. In addition, it costs less than porcelain stoneware analogues.

Wet facade technology using mineral wool: instructions, useful tips and secrets of the masters

If, after considering all possible insulation options, the choice was made in favor of a wet facade using mineral wool slabs, and it was decided to carry out the work independently, then it is necessary to take into account a number of secrets of the craftsmen.

It's worth starting with the choice of material. So, on the Internet and specialized literature you can find a recommendation regarding replacing mineral wool with fiberglass. This is a misconception, since over time, fiberglass slabs begin to sag under vibration influences, and so-called cold paths form in the insulating layer.

To achieve the maximum thermal insulation effect, it is worth taking care of insulating not only the facade, but also the floor and ceiling. In particular, this applies to apartments above unheated rooms or on upper floors.

Provided the correct choice of material and strict adherence to the instructions, the warranty service life of the facade can reach half a century. Additional protection for the finishing layer of plaster will be provided by coating with a special paint, which will also extend its service life. For this purpose, it is worth using water-dispersed paint with acrylic, silicone or silicate impurities. Its color variety includes more than a thousand shades.

Helpful advice! During painting, you should look at the design and estimate documentation, which indicates the original color of the building - the new shade must match it.

Conditions for successful insulation using wet facade installation technology: video recommendations

Insulation using wet technology must occur under conditions of complete protection from frost and precipitation. If the work does not require delay and its completion takes place in unfavorable conditions, then care should be taken to construct special scaffolding and cover it with a thick film, which will provide temporary protection from wind and moisture and create a small thermal contour.

Before starting work on the installation of a wet facade, it is necessary to tightly close all access to the interior of the room from windows and doors. All internal rough work in the house it is better to complete it before insulation begins. On the outside wall, you should place in advance a number of fasteners and brackets that will hold air conditioners, chambers, ebbs or drainpipes.

It is necessary to work with adhesive solutions in the shade or in high clouds, excluding as much as possible the exposure of the mixture to sunlight. The distance between the thermal insulation boards and the reinforcing mesh must be at least 2 mm, which is ensured by adhesive filling.

For the overall strength of a multilayer structure, each layer must be given several days to dry. Rush in this case is unacceptable. The performance characteristics of decorative plaster depend on the work conditions. Optimal conditions are temperatures above 5 °C, high cloudiness, dry, windless weather.

For plastering, it is necessary to select exclusively materials for external work that can fully withstand negative influences. The top plaster layer must have a high level of thermal conductivity and moisture resistance, be durable and resistant to mechanical, chemical and atmospheric influences.

House insulation wet facade: summarizing

The wet facade technology, although inferior in a number of operational characteristics to the ventilated facade, is a leader among existing insulation methods. Its advantages lie in the use of modern high-quality thermal insulation materials, the service life of some of them can reach half a century. Special external finishing with high aesthetic characteristics not only guarantees the external beauty of modern residential buildings, but also makes this technology acceptable in the restoration of architectural landmarks.

To achieve the best results, you need to trust the work to certified companies, and also use high-quality materials from manufacturers that have proven themselves in the construction market. To prevent the occurrence chemical reactions, it should be noted that the individual components must be compatible with each other. Each subsequent layer must have an increased level of vapor permeability compared to the previous one. Do not forget about the strength and density of materials and their compliance with fire and environmental requirements.

The design is designed to provide a high degree of sound protection in two directions (both from inside and outside the house). The quality of materials affects the longer service life of not only the insulating layer, but also the entire house, protecting the walls from precipitation and mechanical damage. The facade protects the main structure from the effects of wind, frost, pollution, ultraviolet radiation and humidity.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the use of various options for decorative plaster in the wet facade system, finishing elements and color design makes it possible to implement various style ideas on the outside of the building, which cannot be done using other insulation methods, for example, ventilated facade technology.

Modern construction industry successfully uses new technological developments and building materials. Buildings that were built not so long ago look elegant, beautiful and neat.

In addition to aesthetic parameters, it is worth noting quality indicators. Houses can last a very long time and perfectly withstand the negative influences of the environment.

A particularly beautiful design is obtained when it is used to decorate the facade.

It makes the building attractive, insulates it and protects it from wind, moisture, and mechanical influences. Let's consider this issue in more detail, study which ones are suitable for finishing and how to organize the work of applying plaster to the walls.

Wet plaster got its name not because of its strange appearance, but because special finishing materials are used to perform the necessary work. Compositions for creating such a design contain a large number of water.

This technology came to Russia from Western European countries in the early 70s and gradually gained popularity among the population. Let's consider what advantages and disadvantages experts note in such compositions.

The following points can be highlighted as advantages:

applying plaster can be done with your own hands, since this work does not require special skills or special abilities;
the facade can be painted in any color at the request of the artist;
financial costs for the purchase of the composition and additional materials minor;
this technology can be used for finishing a building of any level of complexity;
plaster can withstand any load, including the placement of stands and other signs.

Based on these advantages, you can add the composition to the list of high-quality and practical materials, however, you should not forget about some of the disadvantages that also exist.

First of all, it is important to remember that plaster can absorb a lot of moisture and therefore needs additional protection from negative impact external environment. If you neglect this advice, the finished coating may warp and become deformed. The most correct action in this situation would be to organize waterproofing.

You should also remember that the plaster will be applied to the insulation in the form or, so it must be taken into account that the thickness of the insulation should be no more than 150 kg per cubic meter, otherwise the plaster will crack after drying. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of the structure and ensure a long service life, finishing materials should be used that will have the necessary technical characteristics.

Which is better, dry or wet plaster?

The first and most important difference between the compositions is the finishing procedure. For dry plaster, the base is plasterboard, so this method is the least labor-intensive and cost-effective.

Wet plaster requires more time to apply the composition and significant physical costs.

This finishing method, such as wet plaster, is suitable even for walls suffering from high levels of humidity. The plaster absorbs condensation and moves the dew point outside the house.

The interior remains dry and warm. The microclimate improves significantly. Dry plaster is more suitable for finishing walls inside a building, because it does not have improved technical characteristics and does not tolerate exposure to low temperatures.

Both plasters are used to finish an already prepared facade, since the thickness of the coating should not exceed 5 mm. In addition, the walls must be covered with special mixtures and plaster. This will ensure a smooth surface and maximum adhesion to the putty. both mixtures can be used as finishing mixtures, since they are used for the final finishing of the outer surface of the walls of various structures and buildings.

Material Specifications

The method, called wet plaster, has many advantages, especially in situations where the walls are very wet and it is not possible to use dry plaster. This material easily absorbs moisture, which ensures dry, warm microclimate indoors.

The main feature that arises when working with wet plaster is the organization of multi-layer finishing. Each layer has its own thickness. The standard finishing layer looks like: a layer of mineral wool, a base layer of plaster, fiberglass mesh and or.

If the contractor wants to provide a higher level of thermal protection, wet plaster can have different thickness, just like all other layers. If there is also a problem with wet soil near the house, then additional finishing is also required for the basement of the house.

Despite the fact that applying wet plaster requires a lot of effort and is accompanied by dilution of dirt, this technique has many positive characteristics:

versatility - suitable for any surface;
has an affordable price - you can choose the composition within the approved budget;
ease of use - you can do the work yourself;
strength and solidity - the material is practically resistant to external influences and with its help you can create a solid coating that is perfect for subsequent finishing;
moisture resistance – the composition protects the walls from the negative effects of moisture.

Each of these qualities makes wet plaster universal and practical material . In addition to these characteristics, indicators such as elasticity and ease of application of the material should also be noted.

When choosing putty, you need to take into account the type of binder, its cost and manufacturer. It is best to purchase finishing from trusted companies, as this guarantees high quality of the finished product.

Preparing the wall for application

Before proceeding with the direct application of the composition to the facade of the building, it is necessary to prepare the walls for this work. In general, the preparatory work is quite simple and can be done even by a beginner.

The following activities will be required:

at the initial stage, you should assess the condition of the facade and determine in which places there are irregularities that need to be removed;
after assessment, it is necessary to clean the walls from existing contaminants, from garbage, old plaster, if any;
in places that need additional restoration, it is necessary to place a plaster solution;
if the wall surface can easily absorb moisture, then additional finishing should be done in the form of priming. This will prevent the development of mold and mildew;
In the area of doors and slopes, it is necessary to remove old plaster.

NOTE!

All slabs used for facade insulation are fixed with glue. It is very important to make sure that the insulation is securely fastened and can withstand next stage finishing.

An important preparatory stage is on the facade. This event is carried out three days after the installation of thermal insulation. To do this, you first need to apply an adhesive composition, lay a reinforcing mesh on it and cover it with a special layer of plaster. After drying, the walls are ready for finishing with wet plaster.

Installation of the base profile

When the surface is prepared for further finishing, a profile strip should be installed, which will protect the walls from moisture absorption in the first row of insulation, and also to ensure that the heat insulation slabs lie as evenly as possible.

The profile strip is fastened in the basement and self-tapping screws and dowels are used for this purpose. Fastening elements are attached in increments of 20 cm. It is important to consider that the height from the ground should be no more than 0.4 meters. The gap between the slats is 3 mm. To protect the corners of the structure, it is recommended to use a special corner profile.

Application technology

All previously applied layers will dry within a week, after which it is necessary to apply an outer layer of putty. The composition is applied to the prepared reinforcement and a finishing finish is used for this purpose. mortar, used for outdoor work. Additionally, a special adhesive composition can be used if decorative finishing is planned to be applied in the future.

After the 3-7 days required for the applied layers to dry, you can begin to apply the leveling layer. There are several subtleties of applying plaster that can play an important role in the construction of façade finishing. If the facade is exposed to excessive moisture, then it is worth using mineral wool instead of insulation, because it perfectly resists the development of mold and mildew.

Sometimes, wet plaster is applied in a thick layer and is heavy. This is necessary to reduce heat loss. It is the thickness that plays a big role in this case. The first layer of plaster is applied with a thickness of at least 20-30 cm. It is important that the insulation layer should also be thick.

Of course, the mass of the finishing in this case is very large, so additional fixing dowels, hooks and a base strip are used.

The protruding reinforcing mesh must be rubbed with a special adhesive compositions 5 mm thick. Then the mesh should be reapplied and the last layer of 20-30 mm should be applied.

The final finishing must be done in two layers.

If the soil is very wet, then it is necessary to additionally finish the base of the walls, using a special non-absorbent and moisture-resistant material. Before starting to apply the leveling layer, it is recommended to saturate the surface of the walls with a primer with antiseptic properties.

Useful video

Master class on applying plaster with your own hands:

Conclusion

Wet plaster in last years became popular and used for finishing buildings. The facade of the building, decorated in this way, has a beautiful appearance and is particularly durable.

The important thing is that wet plaster perfectly absorbs moisture and acts as an additional protective agent against the negative effects of the external environment - from rain, moisture, wind. Using such finishing material, you can extend the life of the building by several years and achieve a beautiful effect. Wet plaster lasts for a very long time without bursting or deforming.

In contact with

I have already written about wet façade technology 3 times, after I went through the work of insulating a house using the VWS (expanded polystyrene) system of one Astrakhan specialist“from the company” with a Ceresit certificate. I had to delve into it so as not to ruin the sowing season from the word “completely.” To make it easier to find information, below is a list of posts with an analysis of wet facade technology:

what kind of insulation to use for a wet facade, polystyrene foam or mineral wool, what kind of reinforcing mesh to choose, etc., you can read about all this;
what insulation thickness to choose, 50 or 100mm, read;
how to make a smooth finish on a wet facade, read;

Since there is never too much good information, and even more so for work that is sensitive to adherence to technology, which is the wet facade insulation technology. I decided that spreading good information would benefit everyone. Moreover, the author does not mind.

General appearance, wet facade according to the system VWS Ceresit/ (c) Ceresit

I highlighted some points to draw your attention. Critical information is highlighted in red. Yellow requires attention, blue is of general importance.

Regulations for insulation work and finishing of facades using the Ceresit system

Let us outline the main stages of work:

Installation scaffolding.
Preparing walls for gluing insulation, treating with antifungal agents and primers.
Hanging the facade with laces, determining the actual thickness of the insulation in different areas of the facade. Installation of a temporary starting profile to begin gluing the insulation.
Installation of adjoining elements on blocks of window and door openings.
Gluing insulation with simultaneous alignment of the façade planes onto polymer-cement or polyurethane glue Ceresit.
Caulking the cracks between sheets of insulation with strips of insulation, foaming the seams between sheets of expanded polystyrene with high-quality polystyrene foam.
Sanding the insulation planes according to the 3-meter rule.
Installation of dowels.
Installation of diagonal and internal gussets, corners, droppers using Ceresit polymer cement glue.
Installation of a base reinforcing layer on the main planes of the facade using Ceresit polymer cement glue and facade fiberglass mesh.
Application of quartz primer Ceresit ST 16.
Application of Ceresit decorative plaster.
Dismantling of scaffolding.

1. Installation of scaffolding

Before starting work, it is necessary to correctly install scaffolding.

Scaffolding should be installed at a distance from the outer wall equal to the thickness of the insulation plus 45 cm.

To anchor scaffolds, it is necessary to effectively use balcony slabs and other designs that make it possible to reduce the number of fastening points passing through the thermal insulation system being installed. In areas where scaffolding must be directly attached to an external wall, the anchor anchors should be installed with a slight downward slope. This will prevent rainwater from entering the insulating layer. For ease of installation of thermal insulation systems, scaffolding should be installed around the corners of the building at a distance of at least 2 m.

2. Preparing walls for gluing insulation, treating with antifungal agents and primers

Preparation of the construction foundation should include the following operations:

mechanical cleaning of the base from residues mortar, pollution (dust, chalk, etc.)
mechanical removal of fungi, lichens, mosses, blue-green algae, mold and subsequent treatment of the affected areas with the antifungal agent Ceresit CT99, work performed in accordance with the work schedule indicated on the Ceresit CT 99 can;

examination bearing capacity grounds;
removal of crumbling and weak areas of the base;
filling defects in the base surface more than 10 mm deep with repair plaster Ceresit CT 24, Ceresit CT 29;

treating the base with universal primer Ceresit CT 17 (when working with cellular concrete, silicate and red bricks, multi-slot blocks, expanded clay concrete and other bases, priming should be done with a primer diluted with water in three passes 1x6, 1x4, 1x2, application should be done with a sprayer and a spray gun);

mechanical application of primer using a machine:

Mechanical application of Ceresit CT 16 primer.

cleaning of rust and treatment with anti-corrosion primer of metal parts covered with a thermal insulation system;

3. Hanging the facade with strings, determining the actual thickness of the insulation in different areas of the facade. Setting a temporary starting profile.

Weighting of the facade is necessary in order to determine the actual deviations of the facade plane from flatness and select the thickness of the insulation to level it.

In the four extreme corners of the façade plane, scraps of 12mm-14mm reinforcement are driven in, two on top and two on the bottom. Laces are tied to the upper fittings on the right and left at a distance equal to the thickness of the insulation plus 5-10mm. At the same distance, the laces are tied to the lower pieces of reinforcement.

Next, the parallelism of the laces installed relative to each other is checked. They can be installed vertically, they can be installed with a deviation from the vertical in one direction or another, but always parallel to each other in order to create a plane. The laces are secured with a sliding drawstring.

A final check of the plane is carried out, an as-built diagram of the actual deviations of the original plane is made. At different points of the facade, the actual distance from the lace to the insulated surface is measured with a tape measure and entered into the diagram.

This scheme is presented to the Customer.

After this, an analysis of the results is carried out; if necessary, in some places the insulation will be cut in thickness during gluing; in others, thicker insulation will be used. The thickness of the insulation in these places should be selected according to the formula:

INSULATION THICKNESS = DISTANCE BETWEEN THE LACES AND THE INSULATED PLANE – 10mm.

After hanging the facade with strings, a temporary starting profile is installed. This is a board or block with a flat top edge 40-50mm thick, so that the first row of heat-insulating boards glued to the facade rests on it. It is usually installed under the first row of “L”-shaped insulation sheets under the bottom row of windows.

A temporary starting profile is installed.

4. Installation of adjoining elements on blocks of window and door openings

During insulation, the insulation should extend onto the window frame by at least 15-20 mm to prevent a cold bridge. The abutment element with the mesh is glued to the window frame with three sides, top, right and left.

5. Gluing the insulation with simultaneous alignment of the facade planes using Ceresit polymer cement or polyurethane adhesive.

The insulation is glued using cement or polyurethane foam glue or foam adhesive.

As practice shows, gluing with Ceresit CT 84 adhesive foam is faster and more convenient. Note Andrey.

Application of cement adhesive Ceresit CT 83 / CT 85

Applying cement adhesive CeresitCT 83, CeresitCT 85 to polystyrene foam is carried out as follows, applying bumps and edging around the perimeter:

After installing the heat-insulating board in the design position, the adhesive contact area must be at least 40% of the bonded surface.

STICKING ON SINGLE BUGS WITHOUT EDGING IS NOT ALLOWED UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES.

See below for why you can’t glue foam plastic to bloopers.

Applying Ceresit CT 83 glue with a 10-12 mm comb:

Application of adhesive foam Ceresit CT 84

Application of polyurethane foam adhesive, adhesive foam Ceresit CT 84 is carried out as follows, also with the formation CLOSED LOOP:

Video of gluing insulation onto Ceresit Ct 84 foam

Applying cement adhesive to a mineral wool board

The surface of the mineral wool board is first primed with Ceresit CT 180, Ceresit CT 190 glue, the glue is pressed forcefully into the surface of the mineral wool board:

or using the edging method with Easter cakes (lyapukhi), NOTE as a note after the photos.

Applying glue only with lyapukhi (Kulich) is gross violation technologies. This is how a ventilated façade is made from insulation. In this case, air does not play the role of insulation. Mentioned this You can also watch the video right here:

If they blame you for bullshit and tell you “everything will be fine”, kick them in the face specialists, or better discuss this in advance.

Strive to ensure that the gluing is on the comb, i.e. care should be taken to ensure that the façade is evenly plastered before work on façade insulation begins.

During gluing, the insulation boards are trimmed on the side adjacent to the facade on which the glue will be applied. Trimming polystyrene foam is done using a bow saw - this tool is popularly called “Goat”. Cutting edge made of nichrome thread 0.7-1.2 mm, transformer 220/24 Volt, power 250-400 Watt.

Video of cutting a sheet of expanded polystyrene by thickness, filmed during training of the customer’s team of workers:

Video of cutting a foam sheet to thickness using a “goat”.

You can also trim the insulation with specialized knives, bread knives with teeth, a hacksaw with a fine tooth, or sand it with an emery grater.

Gluing polystyrene foam with Ceresit CT 83 / CT 85 glue

Entire sheets of insulation are installed at the corners of window and door openings, since they are stress concentrators, this helps to avoid the appearance of cracks on the facade in the future.

Gluing usually starts from the bottom “G” section.

The minimum step for the G-shki is 200mm.

When gluing, vertical and sliding laces are used, the three-meter rule.

Gluing expanded polystyrene onto CeresitCT 84 foam

Gluing to CeresitCT 84 adhesive foam is done using the rule. At the initial moment, Ceresit CT 84 glue has zero adhesion; in fact, gluing occurs in 7-12 minutes, depending on temperature, humidity and pressure. Two hours after gluing, you can begin installing the base reinforcing layer.

6. Caulking the cracks between sheets of insulation with strips of insulation, foaming the seams between sheets of expanded polystyrene with high-quality polystyrene foam

After gluing is completed, after 72 hours using cement-containing adhesives Ceresit CT 83, Ceresit CT 85, Ceresit CT 180, Ceresit CT 190, you can begin caulking the gaps between the sheets. To do this, you can use wedge strips cut from insulation. It is better to foam the gaps between sheets of expanded polystyrene with high-quality mounting homogeneous foam such as Ceresit TS 52, Ceresit TS 62, Ceresit TS 65, Ceresit TS 66. To do this, the seam is pierced mounting gun the trigger is pulled all the way to the base, to the wall, and at the same time the pistol is pulled out. Punctures of seams and joints between sheets of expanded polystyrene are made in increments of approximately 50mm.

The permissible slot width is up to 12mm (The figure is not exact, subject to verification, if anyone knows, write in the comments!)

Foaming seams and joints between sheets on a construction site

As a result, all seams are thoroughly foamed, Ceresit foam reliably glues the sheets of expanded polystyrene together, creating a monolithic structure.

7. Sanding the insulation planes according to the three-meter rule

Sanding is done using a plywood grater measuring 400 x 600 mm, 500 x 700 mm with sandpaper glued to it with a coarse grain of 100 microns (1 mm). This sanding allows you to smooth out small irregularities that occurred when gluing the insulation due to initial deviations in the geometry of the glued sheets and due to errors during gluing. Small graters should absolutely not be used on large surfaces, since small graters create unevenness and depressions when sanding.

Video of sanding planes under the three-meter rule.

Video of the final alignment of the facade.

8. Installation of dowels

Dowels additionally secure the insulation sheets to the facade; they are installed either in accordance with the official recommendations of the system holders, two in the middle of the slab and the rest at the joints of the slab with neighboring slabs.

Or one “star” in the middle and four dowels in the body of the insulation closer to the edges:

Installation of dowels according to the diagram. The “correct” dowel with a metal core. Photo 6.
Installation of dowels according to the diagram. The “correct” dowel with a metal core. Photo 7.

If the insulated wall is made of monolithic reinforced concrete, solid brick, expanded clay concrete, then the expansion zone of the dowel should be 50 mm, the total length of the dowel is approximately the thickness of the insulation + 50 mm.

If the insulated wall is made of foam concrete, aerated concrete, slotted brick, multi-slotted blocks, warm ceramics, then the spacer zone is 100 mm, the total length of the dowel is approximately the thickness of the insulation +100 mm.

The top of the dowel must be carefully coated with CeresitST 85 or ST 190 glue; the coating is done after the final sanding of the surfaces to the three-meter rule.

Video installation of dowels.

9. Installation of diagonal and internal gussets, corners, droppers using Ceresit polymer cement glue

The construction of the base reinforcing layer begins with the installation of diagonal and internal gussets at the corners of window and door openings. We must not forget that before installing the base reinforcing layer, the surface of the mineral wool board must be primed with CeresitCT 190 glue, and forcefully press the glue into the surface of the mineral wool.

Then the base reinforcing layer is made on the decorative elements of the facade, made of polystyrene foam

10. Installation of a base reinforcing layer on the main planes of the facade.

The base reinforcing layer is made using polymer cement adhesive Ceresit CT 85, Ceresit CT 190 and facade fiberglass mesh 165 g/m2, cell size 5 x 5 mm.

After installing the gussets, a base reinforcing layer is installed on the main planes. CeresitCT 85 glue is applied to the surface of polystyrene foam with a metal float, a facade fiberglass mesh is applied, then it is embedded in the glue, the excess is removed into a bucket. The minimum overlap of roll on roll is 100 mm, rolls are installed vertically.

After drying, re-stretching and puttying is done, this is done in order to level out the unevenness and hide the mesh in a layer of Ceresit ST 85 glue.

The installation of a base reinforcing layer with a mineral wool slab is carried out similarly.

Before work, we re-inspect the mineral wool surface for the presence of “corks” - inclusions of pieces of metal and droplets of binder. All “kings” must be removed. If there are large beads, sections of the mineral wool slab are cut out and replaced with new ones.

After this, we proceed to priming the mineral wool board with Ceresit CT 190 cement glue. The surface of the mineral wool board is primed with Ceresit CT 190 glue, apply the glue with a metal float, press it into the structure of the mineral wool, remove the excess by scraping off. Afterwards, we wait for the glue to dry completely and inspect the surface. In some places where the mineral wool slab turned out to be inhomogeneous, we will see the primer layer blistering; it moves away from the base, clinging to inhomogeneous mineral wool fibers. In these areas, we remove the heterogeneity and repeat the operation - again let the primer layer dry completely, and if necessary, repeat again.

WE MUST OBTAIN A HOMOGENEOUS MINERAL WOOL SURFACE COATED WITH A THIN LAYER OF GLUE WITHOUT BUBBLES AND LAMPS WITH DEVIATIONS OF 4-6 MM FOR A RULE OF THREE METERS

Next, a base reinforcing layer is made. CeresitCT 190 glue is applied to the glue-primed surface and a façade fiberglass mesh is embedded into it. The overlap of roll on roll is at least 100 mm. There are corresponding marks on the rolls of Facade fiberglass mesh that make it easy to track this.

The overlap of the fiberglass mesh can be more than 100 mm, but cannot be less!

After drying, the base is re-upholstered with liquid glue to remove minor irregularities and completely hide the texture of the fiberglass mesh.

Application of quartz primer Ceresit ST 16

When the base reinforcing layer has completely dried, at least 72 hours after the last re-upholstery, you can begin applying the quartz primer Ceresit ST 16. The Ceresit ST 16 primer is applied with a paint brush, a wide brush, or a flute. The primer can be white, not a tinted base, or it can be painted to match the color of the future Ceresit decorative plaster.

Application of decorative plaster Ceresit

Ceresit decorative plaster is applied with a metal plaster and rubbed with a plastic float. This applies to decorative plasters with bark beetle textures CeresitCT 64, CeresitCT 63, CeresitCT 175, Ceresit CT 35 and pebble textures Ceresit CT 60, Ceresit CT 174, Ceresit CT 137.

Stone decorative plaster of the textures Ceresit CT 60, Ceresit CT 174, Ceresit CT 137 can be applied to decorative elements by spraying using a spray gun, or manually.

The final appearance of houses insulated using VWS/WM technology (wet facade) Ceresit

As a result, we get beautiful, reliable Ceresit facades that are warm, economical and comfortable to live in at home.

Appearance finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 1.
Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 2.
Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 3.
Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 4.
Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 5.
Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 6.
Appearance of the finished facade using the VWS/WM Ceresit system. Photo 7.

The article is based on materials from ForumHouse user with the nickname Reliable. Perhaps someone will say that he lobbies the interests of Ceresit and sells their goods. Firstly, following technology and selling quality goods is not a sin; secondly, the technology will be almost 1-in-1 for any wet facade system, be it Kraisel or something else.

The walls of houses built from brick, various wall blocks, and even more so - representing reinforced concrete structure, in most cases do not meet the requirements for regulatory thermal insulation. In a word, such houses need additional insulation to prevent significant heat loss through the building envelope.

There are quite a few different approaches To . But if the owners prefer external finishing your home, made of decorative plaster, in its “pure” form or using facade paints, That optimal choice becomes a wet façade insulation technology. This publication will examine how complex similar works, what is required to carry them out, and how all this can be done on your own.

What is meant by a “wet façade” insulation system?

First of all, it is necessary to understand the terminology - what is “wet facade” technology, and how does it differ from, say, conventional wall cladding insulation materials with further decorative cladding with wall panels (siding, block house, etc.)

The clue lies in the name itself - all stages of work are carried out using building compounds and solutions that are diluted with water. The final stage is plastering the already insulated walls, so that the thermally insulated walls become completely indistinguishable from ordinary ones covered with decorative plaster. As a result, two important tasks are solved at once - ensuring reliable insulation of wall structures and high-quality facade design.

An approximate insulation scheme using the “wet facade” technology is shown in the figure:

Schematic diagram of insulation using “wet facade” technology

1 – insulated facade wall of the building.

2 – layer of construction adhesive mixture.

3 – insulation boards of synthetic (one type or another) or mineral (basalt wool) origin.

4 – additional mechanical fastening of the thermal insulation layer – “fungi” dowels.

5 – protective and leveling plaster layer, mesh reinforced(pos. 6).

This system of complete thermal insulation and facade finishing has a number of significant advantages:

Very material-intensive installation of the frame structure is not required.
The system turns out to be quite light. And it can be successfully used on most façade walls.
The frameless system also predetermines the almost complete absence of “cold bridges” - the insulating layer is monolithic over the entire surface of the facade.
In addition to insulation, facade walls also receive an excellent soundproofing barrier, which helps reduce both airborne and impact noise.
With the correct calculation of the insulating layer, the “dew point” is completely removed from the wall structure and taken outside. The possibility of the wall getting wet and colonies of mold or mildew appearing in it is eliminated.
The outer plaster layer is characterized by good resistance to mechanical loads and atmospheric influences.
In principle, the technology is not complicated, and if the rules are strictly followed, any homeowner can handle it.

If the work is done well, such an insulated facade will not require repairs for at least 20 years. However, if you want to update the finish, this can easily be done without compromising the integrity of the thermal insulation structure.

The disadvantages of this method of insulation include:

Seasonality of work - it is permissible to carry it out only at positive (at least +5°C) temperatures and in stable good weather. It is undesirable to carry out work in windy weather, at too high (over +30°C) air temperatures, with sunny side without providing protection from direct rays.
Increased demands and high quality materials, and strict adherence to technological recommendations. Violation of the rules makes the system very vulnerable to cracking or even peeling of large fragments of insulation and finishing.

As mentioned, mineral wool or expanded polystyrene can be used as insulation. Both materials have their advantages and disadvantages, but still, for a “wet facade”, high-quality mineral wool looks preferable. With approximately equal values of thermal conductivity, mineral wool has a significant advantage - vapor permeability. Excess free moisture will find its way out of the premises through wall structure and disappear into the atmosphere. With expanded polystyrene it is more difficult - its vapor permeability is low, and in some types it even tends to zero. Thus, the accumulation of moisture between the wall material and the insulating layer is not excluded. This is not good in itself, but at abnormally low winter temperatures Cracking and even “shooting” of large sections of insulation along with finishing layers occur.

There are special topics of expanded polystyrene - with a perforated structure, in which this issue is resolved to a certain extent. But basalt wool has another important advantage - absolute non-flammability, which expanded polystyrene cannot boast of. But for facade walls this is a very serious issue. And in this article we will consider the best option - the “wet facade” insulation technology using mineral wool.

How to choose insulation?

Which mineral wool is suitable for a “wet facade”?

As is already clear from schematic diagram“wet facade”, the insulation must, on one side, be mounted on an adhesive solution, and on the other, withstand the considerable load of the plaster layer. Thus, thermal insulation boards must meet certain requirements in terms of density and ability to withstand loads - both dent (compression) and rupture of their fiber structure (delamination).

Naturally, not every insulation classified as mineral wool is suitable for these purposes. Glass wool and slag wool are completely excluded. Only slabs made of basalt fibers are applicable, produced using a special technology - with increased rigidity and density of the material.

Leading manufacturers of insulation based on basalt fibers in their product line include the production of slabs specifically designed for thermal insulation of walls with subsequent finishing with plaster, that is, for a “wet facade”. The characteristics of several of the most popular types are shown in the table below:

Name of parameters	"ROCKWOOL FACADE BUTTS"	"Baswool Facade"	"Izovol F-120"	"TechnoNIKOL Technofas"
Illustration
Material density, kg/m³	130	135-175	120	136-159
Tensile strength, kPa, not less
- for compression at 10% deformation	45	45	42	45
- for delamination	15	15	17	15
Thermal conductivity coefficient (W/m×°C):
- calculated at t = 10 °С	0,037	0,038	0,034	0,037
- calculated at t = 25 °С	0,039	0,040	0,036	0,038
-operational under conditions “A”	0,040	0,045	0,038	0,040
- operational under conditions “B”	0,042	0,048	0,040	0,042
Flammability group	NG	NG	NG	NG
Fire safety class	KM0	-	-	-
Vapor permeability (mg/(m×h×Pa), not less	0,3	0,31	0,3	0,3
Moisture absorption by volume when partially immersed	no more than 1%	no more than 1%	no more than 1%	no more than 1%
Slab dimensions, mm
- lenght and width	1000×600	1200×600	1000×600	1000×500 1200×600
- slab thickness	25, from 30 to 180	from 40 to 160	from 40 to 200	from 40 to 150

There is no point in experimenting with lighter and cheaper types of basalt wool, since such a “wet facade” will probably not last long.

How to determine the required thickness of insulation?

As can be seen from the table, manufacturers offer a wide range of insulation thicknesses for “wet facades”, from 25 to 200 mm, usually in increments of 10 mm.

What thickness should I choose? This is by no means an idle question, since the created “wet facade” system must provide high-quality thermal insulation of the walls. At the same time, excessive thickness means extra costs, and in addition, excessive insulation can even be harmful from the point of view of maintaining an optimal temperature and humidity balance.

Usually, the optimal thickness of insulation is calculated by specialists. But it is quite possible to do this yourself, using the calculation algorithm presented below.

So, an insulated wall must have a total heat transfer resistance not lower than the standard value determined for a given region. This parameter is tabular, it is in reference books, it is known in local construction companies, and in addition, for convenience, you can use the diagram map below.

A wall is a multilayer structure, each layer of which has its own thermophysical characteristics. If the thickness and material of each layer, existing or planned (the wall itself, internal and exterior decoration etc.), then it is easy to calculate their total resistance and compare with normative value to get the difference that needs to be “covered” by additional thermal insulation.

We will not bore the reader with formulas, but will immediately suggest using a calculation calculator that will quickly and with minimal error calculate the required thickness of insulation with basalt wool intended for facade work.

Calculator for calculating the thickness of insulation of the “wet facade” system

The calculation is carried out in the following sequence:

Using the diagram map for your region, determine the normalized value of heat transfer resistance for walls (purple numbers).
Check the material of the wall itself and its thickness.
Decide on thickness and material interior decoration walls

The thickness of the external plaster finishing of the walls is already taken into account in the calculator and will not need to be added.

Enter the requested values and get the result. It can be rounded up to the standard thickness of manufactured insulation boards.

If suddenly a negative value is obtained, insulation of the walls is not required.