Water-based paint for interior work composition description. Polyvinyl acetate water-based paints - characteristics and composition

Water-based paint is a finishing material that is made on the basis of water. The composition has become widespread among domestic buyers due to the relatively low cost and good performance. But before giving preference to this material, you need to learn about the main technical characteristics of water-based paint.

Each manufacturer manufactures these finishing materials using their own technologies, so the composition of water-based paints may vary slightly. The basis is water, in the medium of which there are the smallest polymer particles. The components are suspended in all layers of water. This mixture is the basis to which various components are added: antifreeze, antibacterial agent, dispersant, defoamer, density regulator, plasticizer and other ingredients that increase the performance properties of the material.

To form a durable film after the paint has dried on the surface, its composition includes polyvinyl acetate, butadiene-styrene, various acrylates and versatate. Also, white in the form of titanium dioxide or zinc oxide is introduced into water-based compositions. These substances provide a snow-white color, which is then convenient to tint. Minerals can also be used as an additional component: chalk, slaked lime or cement. Due to this, materials are a little cheaper, sacrificing quality. Rarely enough, other types of mineral fillers are used: talc, calcite, mica, barite. Some manufacturers mix these ingredients in one product.

Manufacturers keep the exact proportions of the ingredients in the formulations a secret, so you need to focus on the brand.

Another component of the material is a thickener. With the help of this substance, the density of the paint is regulated. For these purposes, CMC glue is usually used. The solvent in this case is purified water. As mentioned above, the exact composition of water-based paints depends on the production technology, but the general picture is approximately as follows:

• a mixture of water and polymers - 40–70% (at the same time, film formers in the dispersion contain about 40%);
• filler and dye - 30-40%;
• plasticizer - up to 10%;
• additional substances - up to 10%.

The general composition in all water-based paints is similar, but the quality is most affected by the types of additives

Types of water-based paint

There are 5 main types depending on the filler used in the production:

1. Acrylic. This version uses acrylic resins. The material can be used for finishing wooden, glass, concrete, brick, plastered, as well as metal surfaces that have been pre-treated with impregnation. Withstands up to 5 thousand washes.
2. Silicone. The most expensive and durable type. The composition contains silicone resins. They pass air well and retain their original appearance for a long time.
3. silicate. Consist of liquid glass and dyes. They serve up to 20 years, but are exposed to water.
4. Mineral. As part of this type of coatings there are stone fillers. They are inexpensive and well suited for processing “bare” concrete walls. The disadvantage is that they serve no more than 5 years.
5. Polyvinyl acetate. They dry quickly, do not emit harmful substances, are not affected by water, ultraviolet radiation and aggressive environments.

When choosing a paint, you should look not only at the price, but also at the performance characteristics.

Advantages and disadvantages

If we talk about the positive aspects of this finishing material, then the following stand out:

• High setting speed. With good ventilation, it will take about two hours for the material to dry on the surface to be treated.
• Safety. The material does not contain harmful volatile substances, so personal protective equipment is not required during work.
• No unpleasant odor. This feature increases the comfort of working with the material. In addition, you do not need to ventilate the room for a long time after painting.
• Wide range of colors. The modern market offers a huge number of color solutions, it is possible to independently create the desired shade. To do this, you should purchase white paint and a color scheme of a certain color. If the master does not have experience in mixing compositions, then it is better to ask to mix the paint in the store, otherwise the result may be disappointing.
• Ease of application. This process does not require rich experience or a professional tool. The material is easily washed off, which also makes it easier to work with it.

All types of water-based paints are absolutely safe, therefore they are approved for use even in preschool institutions

The main disadvantage is the limited temperature range. At too low temperatures, the water in the composition freezes, which leads to damage to the paint. In addition, when using water-based paints, it is important to remember that they can lead to corrosion on untreated metal coatings. Also, do not paint them without pre-finishing hydrophilic materials such as gypsum or concrete.

Material Features

Before buying, you need to study some of the main indicators of this composition:

Specifications according to GOST

GOST 28196-89 regulates the indicators for the following 4 paints:

Paint VEAK 1180

This material is considered one of the most common for finishing work. Its specifications are as follows:

Among all types of water-based compositions, acrylic paints are considered the highest quality.

1. The filler is acrylic resins.
2. White colour.
3. Purpose - interior decoration.
4. Consumption under optimal conditions is 150 grams per square meter.
5. The solvent is purified water.
6. Drying time at a temperature of 20 degrees - 1 hour.

Polyvinyl acetate paint

Water-based paint of this type is used not only for interior, but also for exterior decoration. In addition, the material can be used for processing wooden surfaces, cardboard, plywood and so on. This material is fireproof, prolonged exposure to water can damage the coating. Drying time at optimum temperature and humidity is 2 hours. The hiding power of the material is high, but to cover spots and darker tones, you will have to apply 2-3 layers. Material consumption is 200 ml per 1 m2. Due to the relatively high consumption, this material is one of the most expensive in the water-based class.

Polyvinyl acetate paints have the best value for money

When choosing a material, it is important to remember that all the above technical characteristics are inherent only in compositions that are made using the right technologies. They have nothing to do with handicraft materials.

Most types of "wet" facades require a top coat.

This takes into account both the need for protection from atmospheric moisture, and the need for a decorative coating of an often nondescript finishing layer.

In addition, periodically there is a need to refresh the external surface, update or change the color of the walls.

These issues are solved by applying a layer of facade paint.

The modern market offers many varieties of facade materials produced on a different basis.

Main types:

All types of facade finishes can be used on almost any substrate:

The versatility of facade coatings makes them in demand and popular among homeowners, but the variety available sometimes makes it difficult to choose. Consider one of the large groups - water-based facade paints.

Water-based facade paint is different from all others the fact that ordinary water can be used as a diluent for it.

After drying, an ordinary film is formed, which is insoluble in water and fully meets all the requirements for facade coatings:

• Moisture resistance.
• Vapor permeability.
• Elasticity.
• Resistant to sunlight, the ability to maintain its color throughout the entire service life.

After applying water-based facade compositions, a matte finish is obtained, which has excellent aesthetic qualities - the surface does not glare, there are irregularities(especially when using textured plaster) do not create a feeling of “ripples in the eyes”.

At the same time, the use of two or more colors for finishing relief surfaces gives a lot of interesting effects that are possible only when using facade paint.

Elasticity and vapor permeability are important indicators. With shrinkage or seasonal movements of the soil, small cracks may appear, the quality of the paint film in this case helps to reduce their number.

Vapor permeability helps to remove water vapor from wall materials. The absence of this quality "ban" vapors inside the material and cause peeling of the coating.

The implementation of facade water-based coatings for outdoor work is most often carried out in the form of a semi-finished product - a white base, in any desired shade.

This makes it possible to independently obtain the desired color and tone of the mixture, without wasting time on a long search for the desired option.

Water-based facade paints are produced on the same bases as any other types:

• Acrylic. The most common group of facade paints is made on the basis of acrylic resins with the addition of pigments. The most successful combination of price and quality of acrylic facade paints brought them to the forefront of finishing finishing materials.
• silicate. The basis of such paints is pigmented potash liquid glass, which increases the strength of the coating. Has excellent operational qualities, high service life.
• Silicone. They have increased elasticity, have pronounced water-repellent properties. At the same time, silicone paints are the most expensive, so not everyone can use them. This circumstance reduces interest in the material, although such paints fully justify their price in terms of durability and surface quality.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of water-based facade paint are:

• Absence of pungent odors usual for paints during application.
• High vapor permeability of the coating.
• Simplicity and ease of application, the matte surface looks great even when applied by an unprepared person.
• . Water-based formulations are several times more economical than other types.
• High coating life.

Disadvantages of water-based paints:

• Some discoloration after drying (often the white coating darkens a little).
• You can not work in bad weather - the rain will wash off the paint.

Specifications

Technical characteristics are a kind of passport of this composition, demonstrating its qualities and operating parameters. All samples of water-based coatings offered on the market have quite different technical characteristics, which do not make sense to list.

Instead, consider the usual options, their meanings, and what they mean:

• Binder. This is the basis of the material, usually acts as a binder acrylic, silicone or liquid glass. You should pay attention to the percentage composition, it is usually not indicated on the packaging of low-quality materials. The amount of film former for water-dispersed compositions should be 50-60%.
• Water permeability. An important parameter, on the label is usually denoted by the letter W. The lower the W value, the less moisture the coating absorbs and the better it protects against water (for example, W=0.05).
• Density. An indicator that gives an idea of ​​the covering power of the material - the ability to apply a non-translucent coating in one go. High-quality paint has, on average, 1.5 kg / l.
• Scope, application conditions, etc.. All these parameters determine the most effective areas for using the material, the type of application and other technological aspects that ensure the most successful use.
• Price, manufacturer. This data helps to find out how the paint corresponds to the declared qualities, since more reputable manufacturers sell the goods more expensive, but fully guarantee the quality of the passport data. Certified products automatically have all the necessary parameters, it cannot be otherwise.

NOTE!

Compliance of the paint parameters with the declared values ​​cannot be verified in any way, you have to trust the data indicated on the label. Choosing certified products, we get the opportunity to significantly reduce the risk of buying low-quality material.

Main types and manufacturers

The production of facade water-based paints is widely developed both in our country and abroad.

From Russian manufacturers can be distinguished:

• Admiral.
• Eurolux.
• Halo.
• Galamix.

From foreign companies:

• dulux.
• Beckers and many others.

A simple listing of manufacturers of facade water-based coatings will not achieve any benefit, especially since the range is constantly updated on the market and new companies appear that represent their products.

Therefore, the most correct approach is to decide on the most successful type of paint on the basis, based on your conditions (material for finishing the house, the climate of the region and other features of the site) and choose the most acceptable option.

Paint consumption per 1 m2

Water-based paint - an economical material. Consumption during application is much lower than other types of coatings, which does not reduce quality. Depending on the type of base and the initial density of the paint, the consumption is:

• The first layer is 0.25-0.60 kg/sq.m.
• The second layer is 0.15-0.40 kg/sq.m.

The data is taken as an average the exact consumption should be found out individually for each type of material on the packaging. The flow rate stated by the manufacturer is somewhat higher in practice, due to the difference in conditions in the production test and in the field.

What surfaces is suitable for

Water based paint suitable for most surfaces except metal. The fact is that the presence of water causes corrosion processes, manifested by the appearance of red rusty spots on the coating, which can spoil the appearance of the wall. For metal parts, select the appropriate materials.

Another limitation for water-based paints is plaster. It is possible to apply the finishing water-based coating no earlier than 2 weeks after applying the plaster.(some experts call a longer interval - a month).

This is due to the need to complete the crystallization of the plaster, alkali-containing substances and carbon dioxide are actively involved in the process, so you need to wait for the end of the reaction.

In general, facade water-based paints are suitable for finishing:

• Concrete walls.
• All types of plaster.
• Stone, brick.
• Wooden walls and structures.
• previously painted surfaces.

Such a variety of possibilities gives grounds to consider water-based facade coatings as universal finishing materials.

The technology of painting the facade with water-based compositions

Facade water-based compositions are allowed in dry weather, at air temperature from +5°. It is believed that the most productive and economical method of coating is the use of an airbrush. This method is good, but not available to everyone due to the lack of equipment at hand.

• The best option for self-coloring is to use a paint roller with soft sandpaper, giving a smooth surface and sufficient application density.
• The use of brushes is acceptable, but for large areas they are unproductive, therefore, they are usually used to paint over areas that are inaccessible to the roller, or require great precision of the stroke.
• The first layer is applied with a thicker composition, since it is required to cover the surface as much as possible, the second layer is more liquid, it is needed to even out and fix the color.
• Wait between coats for at least 2 hours, although experts recommend not to rush and apply the second layer in a day, so as not to “undermine” the first layer.

NOTE!

Each type of coating has its own rules that must be studied before work in order to avoid errors.

Using water-based paints for exterior work is a convenient and effective way to decorate your home.

The absence of the smell characteristic of conventional paint work, a deep matte finish that gives the walls a pleasant “soft” look, ease of application, the ability to do all the necessary operations with your own hands are the reasons for the preferred attitude to these materials.

Drops and drips of paint can be immediately washed off with plain water, which also increases the list of useful properties of facade water-based compositions.

In contact with

Now water-based paints are gaining popularity. This is due to their practicality and low cost. In addition, it is easily applied to the cleaned surface, so even a beginner can use it. The material does not have such an unpleasant odor as others, so it can be safely used for interior work. Its use will not cause any discomfort. From this article you can find out what types of water-based paint are, and what are the characteristics of each.

Advantages and technical characteristics of water-based paints

The composition of the water emulsion includes components such as latex, antiseptic, fillers and thickeners. The material consumption is not too large and is 250 grams per 1 square meter. Sometimes it may be necessary to apply several layers. Their number depends on how the surface has a predisposition to absorption.

Viscosity varies depending on the way the product is applied to the surface. If water-based paint is applied to the surface with a brush, then its viscosity is 40-45, but if a spray gun is used for work, then this indicator varies between 20 and 25.

The coating dries within 20 hours, but sometimes this figure may be less. Keep a jar of water emulsion away from sunlight in a cool place.

Water-based paint has become highly demanded due to the following qualities:

• No unpleasant chemical smell when painting;
• Quick and easy application;
• Low price;
• Long period of operation without the formation of cracks and flaking;
• The ability to create any color with the help of color.

But all these qualities are available only for the material that meets the requirements of GOST.

The main types of water-based paints

Since they contain a variety of polymers, it is possible to divide all water-based paints into several types:

• polyvinyl acetate;
• silicate;
• acrylic;
• Silicone.

Consumers, in view of such a huge variety, have a fair question about the choice. Further, all these types will be considered in terms of application and the presence of shortcomings.

Polyvinyl acetate water-based paint

Polyvinyl acetate water-based paint is perfect for all interior work, whether painting walls or ceilings. The basis for it is PVA.

The main advantages of this type are:

1. The absence of components harmful to human health, complete explosion and fire safety.
2. Used for painting porous surfaces.
3. Relatively low cost.
4. Fast drying.
5. When adding special substances gives a glossy or matte effect.
6. This type is the best water-based paint for wood.

Along with a lot of advantages, there are disadvantages that can be identified if used incorrectly:

• Weak resistance, so the possibility of painting it is considered only in dry rooms.
• Susceptibility to moisture, as a result of which, finishing with such paint is possible only inside the house.

Important! It is impossible to decorate metal surfaces with PVA paint.

Its consumption depends on the shade: light will need 250 grams per 1 sq. m, and dark 150 grams for the same area.

This type of finishing material is produced in accordance with GOST, but it is also possible to voluntarily certify the material, but only in accordance with the existing GOST. In any case, the manufacturer must have a certificate for water-based paint of this type.

Silicate water-based paint

This type is a solution of liquid glass with all kinds of additives. It is suitable for both indoor and outdoor work. Silicate water emulsion is resistant to temperature and humidity changes, has a long service life without constant renewal.

Basically, this type is used for painting wet rooms inside the house, as well as the facades of buildings that are affected by groundwater. The coating is breathable with high vapor and air permeability.

Acrylic water-based paint

This type of water emulsion occupies a leading position in the construction market, since the acrylic resins included in it have a number of advantages. But acrylic paint is noticeably more expensive than all other types.

Features of water-based acrylic paint:

1. It is used for painting walls and ceilings and all related interior work.
2. Indispensable for painting the facades of buildings made of concrete and brick.
3. Suitable for plastered walls. But such work must be carried out a month after the completion of work with plaster, so that the surface has time to harden.
4. Protects reinforced concrete from corrosion due to low gas permeability.
5. Not suitable for painting damp indoor surfaces.

Now they also produce similar in quality, but noticeably cheap analogues: styrene-acrylic, vinyl-acrylic and acryl-silicon solutions. A small visual preview of the material can be viewed at the link:

Washable paint based on latex or silicone

This type is perfect for any wet room or where constant wet cleaning is required using sponges and brushes. This coating is resistant to regular brushing, which is possible due to the use of latex in the production.

Latex water-based paint is the most expensive among water-based paints due to its water-repellent properties, but at the same time good vapor permeability. In addition, such compositions are able to bridge small cracks on the surface, which can preclude preliminary alignment.

Silicone also has similar properties to latex, due to the presence of silicone in the composition. Such paints are actively fighting the fungus, which often appears in wet rooms, and prevent its reappearance.

Separately, one can single out another type of water-based paint, which is gradually becoming less and less popular - these are mineral ones. They include cement or slaked lime. The main purpose of such compositions is the painting of concrete and brick surfaces. The main disadvantage of this type of water-based paint is a relatively short service life.

Criteria for choosing water-based paints

Since in the manufacture of water-based paints it is not necessary to use complex mechanisms and rare substances, many manufacturers appear who, taking advantage of the ease of production, produce low-quality products. The main rule when choosing this product is a manufacturer who has been in production for a long time. Tex water-based paint is very popular, it has received a lot of positive feedback from repair masters and just those who are engaged in finishing repairs on their own. Such products have a certificate of conformity with GOST.

Be sure to have a mark on the bank that the material complies with GOST. This is an indicator that this finishing material is not a fake and its production was carried out under strict control.

The choice of material for a certain type of work occurs according to the marking on the container. First, the can is abbreviated as water-dispersed (VD), after these letters comes the designation of the polymer that is in the composition, and the number after it just indicates the purpose of the product:

1. External works;
2. Internal work.

Among the variety of finishing materials in the construction market, you can get confused. But, if you have chosen water-based paint, then after reading this article, you can learn about its types and the scope of work for which this or that type is intended. Water-based paint is an excellent solution for both exterior and interior work. It is only necessary to choose its type correctly, having carefully studied the composition and the information that is indicated on the package.

Nowadays, experts are increasingly advised to use water-based paint to perform external and internal finishing work. Compared to other paints and varnishes, it is easier to work with, and it does not leave an unpleasant odor. And what is water-based paint, you can find out by familiarizing yourself with its composition.

What is paint made of?

The main composition is represented by tiny grains of polymers suspended in the aquatic environment. Depending on the manufacturer, water-based paint in the composition may have a large number of additives - from 10 to 15, namely:

• defoamers that reduce the formation of foam;
• antifreeze - they prevent freezing;
• thickeners;
• corrosion inhibitors;
• antiseptics;
• plasticizers;
• additives that raise the viscosity of the structure;
• preservatives and more.

In percentage terms, the composition of water-based paint is as follows: foaming agent dissolved in water 50%, pigments and filler - 37%, plasticizer - 7%, and other additives account for the remaining percentages.

Production technology

The production process of water-based paint consists of several stages. At the first stage, the aqueous solution of the polymer dispersion is combined and thoroughly mixed with fillers and pigments. Such a mixture in the form of a paste, which is dispersed.

The next stage is to introduce the necessary additives, as a result of which water-based paint that meets all standards is obtained at the output.

At the final stage, the finished product is filtered through mesh filters and packaged in containers. Works on the manufacture of water-based interior paint must be carried out in rooms where the air temperature does not fall below +5°C.

Advantages

High-quality paints based on water emulsions have a lot of positive properties. First of all, this refers to their harmless composition, which means that it will not harm human health.

The water emulsion is distinguished by the absence of a sharp specific odor and quick drying. Often, the consumer is interested in how long water-based paint dries, professionals say that in some cases this takes about 2 hours. It is possible to apply this paint and varnish coating by a peculiar method - electroplating.

The composition allows you to make the color of water-based paint different by adding special pigments. The store has a catalog with shades, and the client can choose any one they like, and the specialist will prepare the paintwork material of the desired shade on the spot. Although on sale most often there is a white water-based paint. Other pluses are:

• ease of application;
• ease of cleaning tools after painting.

Water-based paints retain their original appearance for a long period without the appearance of cracks and delamination during operation. The main disadvantage is the need to work exclusively at a temperature of +5°C.

Acrylic paints

Types of water-based paints differ because they have different polymers that make up the composition. There are several main types:

• acrylic;
• silicate;
• silicone;
• polyvinyl acetate;
• mineral.

Acrylic resins are added to the composition of acrylic, thanks to which the finished product becomes resistant to water. After painting with water-based paint, the surface can be washed, this does not lead to its washing off. It contains latex. It helps to eliminate minor cracks in the ceiling and walls. They become even and smooth. However, it must be taken into account that this can be achieved after applying at least 2 layers. Acrylic formulations adhere well to materials such as:

• glass;
• tree;
• brick;
• a rock;
• concrete.

A high degree of adhesion is also observed in relation to the metal, which must first be primed. Drying time is several hours. The result is a plastic film that perfectly protects the surface from the influence of the external environment. Acrylic compositions serve for a long time and at the same time:

• do not crack;
• do not burn out.

Acrylic composition is not recommended for painting wet surfaces.

Silicate water-based paints

Silicate water-based paints are a mixture of an aqueous solution, which includes:

• liquid glass;
• colored pigments.

These components give this material good resistance to atmospheric changes. However, it should be borne in mind that it is not recommended to use it for interior work in wet rooms. Otherwise, the coating may well be damaged.

Subject to all recommendations, the service life is at least 20 years, suitable for application to surfaces both inside and outside. Silicate compounds are able to pass steam without retaining air, but they do not retain moisture from walls well. They are recommended for use in buildings where the presence of unstable groundwater is observed.

Silicone paint materials

To find out which water-based paint is better, a more detailed acquaintance with the characteristics of each of its types will help. The composition of silicone paints includes silicone resins. They combine the characteristics of both silicate and acrylic paints. The cost of this paintwork material is quite high. They can paint all mineral coatings, while 2 mm cracks are perfectly painted over.

This waterproof paint is vapor permeable. It is used to paint damp surfaces and those that are exposed to moisture, which makes it impossible for a fungus to appear on it for a long time. Due to this property, this washable paint is used in hospitals and laboratories.

Mineral compositions

Mineral water-based paints contain cement or slaked lime. The main purpose for which they are intended is the performance of painting work on surfaces made of brick and concrete. When hardened, mineral paints give the surface protection, making it resistant to:

• moisture;
• fats;
• Sveta;
• oils;
• household chemicals.

The downside is the short lifespan.

Water-based polyvinyl acetate paint

This type of paintwork material is the most inexpensive, but it is of high quality, which is the reason for its popularity. Made from PVA. It is used exclusively for painting the ceiling and walls inside the room. The main positive properties are:

• the absence of harmful ingredients;
• complete safety in relation to fires and explosions;
• drying in a short time;
• the possibility of obtaining a matte and glossy effect after the addition of special substances.

It fits perfectly on a flat surface, is intended for coloring:

• tree;
• cardboard;
• plaster and other porous materials.

There are some cons that can make themselves felt if the use is incorrect. The main ones are susceptibility to moisture and the prohibition of use in wet areas. In this case, she has a low resistance.

Technical characteristics must be taken into account before purchasing this type of paint and varnish products. They mean:

• compound;
• specific gravity;
• consumption;
• viscosity;
• best before date;
• storage conditions.

The specific gravity of moisture-resistant water-based paint is approximately 1.35 kg / l. Approximately 150-200 ml / m² is consumed per 1 layer. The number of layers is affected by the absorption capacity of the substrate. The viscosity of a water-based paint is an indicator that determines the degree of dilution of the coloring composition with water. To measure it, there is a viscometer. The indicator is considered normal when applied:

• spray gun - from 20 to 25;
• brushes - from 40 to 45.

Humidity and air temperature affect the drying time. It can be from 2 hours to a day. The best temperature, which has a positive effect on the coloring of rooms, is considered to be + 20 ° C, with a humidity of 65%.

According to the requirements, such coloring compositions are intended for external and internal work in dry and damp rooms. Depending on the purpose, it should be used. If you paint damp surfaces with a material for dry rooms, it will not last several months and vice versa. No less important when choosing for painting work and appearance.

Manufacturers produce water-based formulations that make the coating:

• matte;
• silky matte;
• glossy.

For painting wallpaper and ceilings, matte and silky-matte paints and varnishes are well suited. Matte paint hides the smallest flaws. But it must be borne in mind that these are not resistant to abrasion, which means that they are not recommended to be washed frequently.

Under the glossy water-based paint, after its application, even very slight errors become noticeable. This means that the surface must be carefully prepared before application.

When the question arises of how to paint with water-based paint correctly, you need to remember some of the nuances. Before work, you need to mix it well so that the mass becomes homogeneous. If the instructions say about the need to dilute with water, you need to do it. This will help her lay down more evenly on the surface.

You can add brightness to the interior by adding a special color scheme. By mixing it with paint, the desired shade is selected.

Before whitewashing with water-based paint, experts advise diluting it in a small container, then paint the cardboard and wait until it dries. Such a test will help in the future to determine whether the chosen color is suitable for the room or not. The fact is that the material does not have exactly the same shade as on the dried surface.

Before painting, you need to carry out preparatory work. They are as follows:

• clean the surface from dust, dirt and layers of old paint;
• wash with soapy water, and then clean;
• eliminate irregularities by filling them.

After everything is dry, sand and remove dust. If a person wants to carry out painting work in the cold season, it is necessary that the can of paint stand in the room for at least a day, and only after that it should be opened. Remove all films and various inclusions, mix the composition well. If you intend to use a sprayer, then add 10% water.

The amount of paint used is indicated on the container. But it may differ depending on the surface structure. About that, you can read in a special article.

It is necessary to calculate its approximate consumption, starting tinting, to do a little more than necessary. The reason is that if the same tone is needed again, it will not be possible to make this one. The new portion will be different anyway.

It is possible to somewhat reduce the consumption of water-based paint if a layer of primer is applied to the surface in advance before work. The best water-based paint is the one that fits perfectly into the interior in color. Experts do not advise applying such paints and varnishes to glossy and metal surfaces due to the fact that they contain a large amount of water, and this prevents the paint from laying down well on them.

In the modern world, the environmental safety of building materials, their durability, ease of use and the minimum time spent to implement all design ideas are highly valued. Therefore, along with high-quality oil paints, water-based compositions are also widely used. Since the types of this finishing material also differ in the way they are used for different rooms and surfaces, before using them in repairs, you need to find out which type of such coating is right for you.

Peculiarities

The composition based on water includes various polymers or mineral particles, additives, tinting pigments. When painting any wall or ceiling surface, the water component dries up, leaving a polymer film or a film of mineral particles on the surface.

Emulsion paint does not have a strong chemical smell when dry. Such a magical property allows using this emulsion to work indoors and for people who are allergic to this type of building materials.

Pros and cons

The positive aspects of using this staining material include:

• It is very easy to apply on any pre-plastered surface - concrete, wood, gypsum concrete. Brushes and rollers are easily washed with water after use.
• This paint is easy to dilute, as the main solvent is water. Thanks to this dilution, it becomes safe and non-toxic, so it is recommended for interior work even in rooms with closed windows.
• It differs from all other types of paint in that it dries faster than all other types.
• After painting, there is no unpleasant smell in the room for many weeks, as after using other types of finishing materials.
• Water-based paints are distinguished by the fact that they are not subject to peeling, subject to all the rules of storage, application and preparation of the surface for painting.

• An important feature is environmental safety for humans. This coating is non-toxic, not harmful to humans, without a strong chemical odor.
• Dirt from surfaces painted with certain types of aqueous emulsion is easily washed off with water and any detergent.
• Also important features are incombustibility and increased resistance to various alkalis.
• Certain types of water emulsion are recommended for rooms with high humidity - for a bath or kitchen, but not only because they have an increased water repellency, but also because they are breathable, as they easily pass air and steam through their layers.
• This type of paint has antibacterial characteristics.

• The service life depends on the specific type of paint. Currently, you can pick up one that will not lose its presentation for 20 years.
• Some types of water emulsion have such a density when stained that they easily mask cracks up to 2 mm.
• An aqueous emulsion is suitable for any interior solution, as it can be easily tinted even on its own, and the variety of colors and the possibility of using them in various percentages with paint gives such a range of colors and shades that allows you to realize all the dreams and fantasies of professional designers and amateurs in repairs.
• Low price and excellent quality allow VE paints to compete with many types of wall and ceiling finishes for any type of repair work.

This type of paint also has disadvantages:

• The use of a water emulsion is impossible at sub-zero temperatures, therefore the minimum temperature limit is up to +5 degrees Celsius. Already at 0 degrees it freezes and loses all its properties.
• Some types of paints have a short service life, but these types of emulsions are becoming rare and are being forced out of the market by more durable paints.
• Not always suitable for metal or glossy surfaces due to the large amount of water in their composition.

Specifications

With the help of familiarization with the technical characteristics of a particular type of VE-paint, you can choose the right type for this particular surface.

When choosing, pay attention to the following factors:

• Compound. Depending on the fillers, thickeners, antiseptics contained in the aqueous solution, this paint may or may not be suitable for interior or exterior use, for wet or dry rooms.
• Application. What materials is this finishing material suitable for covering? Is it possible to paint wood, concrete, metal, enamel.
• Viscosity. How much and how to dilute VE paint.
• Consumption. Depends on the base material, its characteristics of absorption. Usually the consumption of the coloring emulsion is 200-400 ml per m2.

• Specific gravity. By the weight of the can, you can determine the quality of the paint. A good water emulsion has a density of about 1.5 kg per 1 liter. From this we can conclude that high-quality paint in a ten-liter jar will have a weight of about 15 kg.
• Temperature during staining and drying. What is the optimum operating temperature for this type of emulsion.
• Humidity allowed during painting and operation.

• Storage conditions. Maximum allowable high and low temperatures at which the paint does not lose its properties. You need to store it in a place where the direct rays of the sun do not fall, in which it is cool and dark.
• The expiration date of the paint in the bank.
• The service life of this type of paint on painted surfaces.

In order to choose the paint that is right for your case, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the existing types and their technical characteristics in advance.

Kinds

Water-based paints are of several types.

Polyvinyl acetate

These paints are the cheapest. Of the positive properties, it can be noted that they are resistant to sunlight and the effects of fats. Also, these types of coatings can be painted even indoors, they are non-toxic and safe due to their components. They include polyvinyl acetate, or, in a simple way, PVA glue.

But they are afraid of water, so surfaces painted with this type of paint cannot be washed. They are suitable only for rooms where it is dry and which are infrequently used.

After a while, this paint may turn yellow like old glue. Currently, this type is almost never used for repairs.

mineral

Also relatively inexpensive paints. They include calcium hydroxide, slaked lime or cement. This type can be painted on any surface, but they are best suited for concrete or brick surfaces. These water emulsions are characterized by high vapor permeability and do not suffer with a significant temperature drop.

The main negative characteristics - they quickly lose their original color, as they burn out and are damaged upon contact - they are erased, they have a short service life, so they are less and less used in interior work, more for facade decoration.

silicate

They include sodium silicate - liquid glass. These are relatively inexpensive paints. They are durable, strong, but only suitable for concrete and plaster walls. Tolerate temperature differences, vapor and breathable. But they are afraid of water, precipitation, as they are not waterproof, which means they are only useful for painting inside the house and only for dry rooms.

For rooms with high humidity, such as kitchens and bathrooms, this type of staining is not suitable. And this material does not fit well on metal, stone, glass and ceramics.

Acrylic

And although they are more expensive than mineral VE paints, the difference in price between different types of paint and from different manufacturers allows you to choose the right finish for any wallet.

The main advantages of this type are water resistance, strength and resistance to mechanical abrasion, resistance to ultraviolet radiation, dirt-repellent characteristics. They are elastic, that is, they are applied easily and without smudges and have a high density when painting, so that they can repair cracks up to 1 mm. They have the lowest consumption of coloring emulsion when painting even in one layer. Suitable for any type of premises, as they are mostly washable.

Latex

These are latex-based or acrylate-based acrylic paints. Here, the composition of the acrylic emulsion includes latex. And because of this, they are relatively expensive. Latex gives acrylic paint increased water resistance. Surfaces painted with this type can be washed even with the use of detergents. They withstand 5 thousand wash cycles without losing color, brightness and water resistance.

This paint can be used on wood, concrete, brick, metal, plaster, drywall and structured wallpaper. Its composition is more elastic and covers any surface well. The double layer allows to repair cracks up to 1 mm. The paint dries quickly and is odorless, which means it is environmentally friendly and harmless to health. This type of coating can be used in swimming pools and bathrooms.

The only negative is that it is not vapor-permeable and condensation can appear on it. Also, this species is afraid of low temperatures - in cool rooms, the surface painted with latex paint may crack. It has poor resistance to the effects of the sun, fungi and bacteria.

Silicone

These coatings contain silicone silicone resins. They are suitable for ceilings. There are special types of silicone paints for ceilings that have increased adhesion to the surface, which means that they roll more easily on the ceiling and do not flow.

Due to the increased density, this type can mask cracks up to 2 mm. This type is considered antiseptic, as it has vapor and gas permeability, which prevents the formation of fungus and mold. Therefore, they are suitable for painting rooms with high humidity, especially for bathrooms and kitchens. The painted surface washes well.

Silicone paint can cover previously painted surfaces with other types of paints such as mineral, acrylic and silicone paints, except for oils. Even a black interior surface is effortlessly covered with two layers of paint, since the silicone water-based emulsion has a high hiding power.

The only surface that may not look very aesthetically pleasing over time is reinforced concrete. Rust spots may appear on the paint, as the reinforcement will begin to rust, so it is recommended to protect this surface before painting or use a new type of paint with anti-corrosion additives.

Which is better?

To choose a paint for coloring, you need to know its characteristics and take into account both price features and technical ones. You need to know what surface is at the base for painting, whether you will pre-prime it, what are the technical characteristics of this surface, whether it is outdoors or indoors, in which room, how long you need to paint and completely dry this surface.

Depending on all these parameters, you need to choose the right paint. You may not need the most expensive silicone water emulsion.

Mineral and acrylic dyes are more suitable for painting external surfaces. But surfaces painted with a mineral coating quickly lose their original color, although this coating is much cheaper than acrylic.

For painting indoors, you need to consider what needs to be painted - walls or ceiling or some wooden, metal, glass surfaces. The microclimate in this room is also important. For dry rooms, all types of water-based emulsions are suitable, you just need to keep in mind that polyvinyl acetate, although the cheapest, can turn yellow over time, mineral ones are easily erased on contact, and acrylic, latex and silicone are quite expensive. Silicate water emulsion is best for painting concrete or plastered surfaces. But for wallpaper for painting, it is not very suitable, here it is better to use latex.

For wet rooms, acrylic, latex and silicone paints are best suited. The only disadvantages of latex - it is afraid of low temperatures and is not vapor-permeable, does not protect against the appearance of condensate, as well as mold and mildew. All of these types are expensive.

All types of paint are also suitable for ceilings. Just keep in mind that for rooms with high humidity it is better to use mineral, acrylic, latex or silicone. At the same time, acrylic and silicone do not flow when stained and are more durable, although more expensive.

There are special silicone dyes for painting ceilings. Their composition is characterized by increased hiding power and drying speed, which means that it allows you to more accurately and easily paint the ceiling.

Application technology

Before applying water-based paint, the following points should be considered:

• How was the surface treated? If it has been primed, especially if the solution has been rubbed well over the surface of the base, then one applied layer of paint will be enough. It should be borne in mind that with each subsequent layer, the color of the painted surface becomes more intense.
• When dry, the color of the paint is slightly different from the color in the jar.
• Apply the second and subsequent layers only after the previous one dries. Usually the drying time is about 8 hours.
• Water-based paint should dry naturally, without drafts.

For staining, you can use any tool - a brush, a sponge, and a roller with a long nap. Rollers with short pile are not used because they do not capture the right amount of paint, and from foam rubber rollers, water-based emulsion can bubble on the surface, as the foam rubber absorbs an excess amount of paint. And after painting, the surface may look uneven and rough to the touch.

Mineral paints can be applied with a spray gun, spraying the paint over the surface. Also, this method is suitable for painting ceilings, wallpaper, radiators and any hard-to-reach surfaces and objects.

The choice of painting tool also depends on the expected effect. Even when working with a roller, the layer of paint that can be applied to the surface, that is, the intensity of the color, depends on the length of its pile. And also when working with a roller, you may need to use a paint brush - this will help when painting in corners and in hard-to-reach places.

A sponge is used when it is necessary to cover some objects or textured surfaces with paint, or to add texture using a thicker paint composition.

Usually start by painting the perimeter with a brush, and then use a roller. Any object is advised to start painting from top to bottom, this creates a surface without streaks and drips.

Before painting, it is desirable to protect untreated surfaces and glue masking tape on the baseboards, platbands and window sills along the border of staining. If the floors are already prepared for painting with varnish, then adhesive tape should also be glued on them so as not to complicate your subsequent work, because not completely wiped water emulsion can be seen through the varnish at the points where the walls come into contact with the floor, and in order to prepare an ideal surface for painting with varnish, it will take precious time. Also, in places of transition of one color to another, you can stick adhesive tape.

Please note that adhesive tape, even masking tape, must be removed immediately after painting this area. If the paint dries, then it will become impossible to remove it without damaging the painted surface.

If you paint ceilings, then you must first clean them of the old coating, then level the surface with putty and prime it. A primer is required, as it reduces the penetration of the paint into the base and increases the degree of hiding power. It is better to choose a primer from the same manufacturer as the paint, or one recommended by the paint manufacturer.

There is the following rule - if there is only one window in the room, then the painting of the ceiling begins parallel to the window from one wall to the other. The second time they paint perpendicularly - in the direction from the window to the wall opposite. That is, the last layer should always be painted towards the source of daylight. This helps to hide all the shortcomings of the main coverage. The paint is applied in parallel stripes, gently overlapping the previous one by 2-3 cm.

It is advisable to keep within half an hour when painting the entire surface, since after painting it will look uneven and sloppy. Where it is impossible to paint the surface with a roller - corners, joints, use a brush, carefully painting over all hard-to-reach surfaces. If there are two window openings in the room, then they paint twice from the window to the blank wall, placing two layers of paint perpendicular to each other.

When painting walls and ceilings that are plastered and primed, two layers of paint are usually used, and when applying a water-based coating on paper wallpapers, one layer is used. Therefore, when buying paint, keep in mind that for puttied surfaces you need three times more paint than for wallpapered ones.

VE-paint on the walls sets in about 10-15 minutes, therefore, to avoid a visible border when drying, you need to paint quickly. Painting starts from the corner, painting it with a brush from top to bottom with a strip of 5 cm wide. Then they paint it with a roller, after squeezing it against a special painting cuvette or an even piece of linoleum, plywood, wood. The paint is applied from top to bottom in a continuous strip, going to the next one by 5-8 cm. This helps to get rid of the visible boundaries of the paint application. When a distance equal to one width of the roller remains to the second corner, then the corner of this wall must be painted over with a brush. If you are going to roll the second wall next, then immediately paint over the corner of the second wall with a brush.

How to breed?

If it is written on the paint can that it must first be diluted with water, then it is advisable to do this, since then the paint will acquire exactly the desired viscosity and consistency, which will allow you to easily and accurately apply it to the surface.

Most often, a high-quality water emulsion is sold in white and is tinted to the desired shade either on its own or in a store using special equipment. In this case, a color scheme is used, which can also be purchased at the store.

If you are tinting yourself, then make a margin of ten percent more than the main amount, as in the future it may be useful to update the surface.

It is best to dilute a small amount of tinted paint first to check how it will look on the painted surface after drying. The color of the paint is slightly different when completely dry from what we see in the can or during the tinting process. If the expiration dates, storage conditions have been violated, if the paint is frozen, you must also first see how it will lie on the surface.

When using a device such as a spray gun for painting, it should be taken into account that diluting the paint with plain water is not suitable, since after complete drying a white coating may remain on the surface. Therefore, water emulsions for paint sprayers are diluted with either distilled water, or alcohol, or ether.

It is necessary to strictly follow the recommendations of manufacturers for dilution of paint so that it is not too thick or too liquid. If this is not done, then the surface may be painted carelessly. A thicker paint creates the effect of "shagreen" skin, shrinks, looks like poor-quality whitewash, and a more liquid one gives ugly streaks.

It should be borne in mind that after 15-20 minutes the paint begins to thicken and in order to paint the second layer it must be diluted again directly in the cans of the spray gun. The diluted paint should look like fatty milk.

How to delete?

Sometimes before a new painting it is necessary to remove the previous layer of finish. If before that there was PVA-based paint - polyvinyl acetate or mineral, then it can be removed with a sponge with an aqueous soapy solution.

To remove acrylic or silicone VE paint, use tools such as a spatula or an angle grinder disc. You can remove the previous layer with a chisel. This is an almost silent way, but very tiring. A building hair dryer is also often used, heating the old finish and removing it with a spatula. Now special washes on a chemical basis are on sale. It is necessary to apply it to the paint, gradually it will be absorbed and destroy the old layer.

Manufacturers

The production of water-based paint has been established for a long time and is widely represented on the market.

As a wear-resistant, as well as easy-to-apply alternative to water-based formulations, we recommend rubber paint. As an interior material for walls and ceilings, such a coating primarily attracts with ease of cleaning from grease and other contaminants. This is especially useful for families with small children, as markers or watercolor marks can be easily removed. The coating is environmentally friendly, safe for health and odorless. However, you should beware of inexpensive rubber paints, where the price reduction is achieved by the presence of styrene-acrylic latex in the composition. With regular exposure to the sun (namely, UV rays) or water, the coating begins to crack and collapse. In a living room on the sunny side, even one month of operation is enough for such consequences.

Styrene-acrylic latex is absent, for example, in the durable rubber paint "Mizar" Rezolux Universal. The service life declared by the manufacturer is up to 10 years. In addition, due to the increased water resistance, the material can be used to cover walls even in bathrooms and toilets. The advantage of "Mizar" Rezolux Universal in comparison with analogues lies in the increased hiding power, the paint consumption per square centimeter of the surface is about 150 grams. This is about four times lower than the popular Super Decor Rubber. Thus, with the same area, the cost of purchasing Mizar products will be four times lower.

It should be noted that Mizar, a St. Petersburg manufacturer, has been producing coatings for 12 years, special attention is paid to achieving the best key parameters along with the lowest price among all foreign and domestic analogues. For these reasons, the company constantly wins tenders for the supply of materials for enterprises of the State Defense Order. The company is known for its products adapted to extreme operating conditions, with increased mechanical stress, low / high temperatures and exposure to aggressive chemical environments. In the past few years, defense customer enterprises in tenders instead of parameters-requirements for paintwork materials immediately indicated specific Mizar products. This is a clear sign that the experience gained confirmed the correctness of the choice in favor of the materials of this particular company from St. Petersburg.

You can choose any unknown manufacturer, perhaps with a lower price policy, or you can spend money on higher quality paints from well-known manufacturers such as Dulux, Dufa or "Tex". In their palette there are paints of all kinds and purposes, both matte and glossy, as well as semi-matte and semi-gloss. These manufacturers have confirmed their reputation for being on the market for sales and the quality of their products.

How to paint the walls with water-based paint, see the following video.