Profitable business: wallpaper production. Technology and equipment for wallpaper production

The most traditional and popular material for wall decoration is wallpaper. With their help, you can decorate walls, replace their paint, and even insulate them a little. The coating determines how furniture and other interior details will look against its background. There are countless types of wallpaper, and their characteristics allow them to be used for rooms of all possible types.

It is easier to change the trellises than to repaint the walls in a suitable color.

Pasting a room is a kind of summing up of the renovation. After all, this work is done almost as a last resort. Once completed, all that remains is to paint the floors.

There are many ways to hang wallpaper.

They are all different from each other, but general rule one thing: color, pattern and texture must be harmoniously combined with individual characteristics rooms.

The price of products also varies, mainly depending on the type, manufacturing method and quality of materials. Cheap wallpaper is based on light, thin paper, and the front side is covered with paint, which is not the best. In the production of expensive versions of this finishing material, thick, heavy paper is used. The paint used is the best.

Types of wallpaper, classification and characteristics - this is what you need to navigate in order to choose the right “clothing” for the walls of your home.

In general, they can be divided into several main types. The main ones are: paper, vinyl, textile, metal and cork options. There are other types, but they are not as popular.

Paper ones can be smooth, structured, with a printed image (photo wallpaper). Vinyl is also divided into many types, including flat vinyl, structural version, silk-screen printing and so on. Textile wallpapers are available on paper, fabric or synthetic bases.

How to navigate such diversity? Is it really possible to choose exactly what you need? We'll look at all of this below.

Vinyl

Of all types, they are considered the most wear-resistant and practical. They are not subject to fading and can be washed. Such finishing materials can be used in damp areas. Modern version The product has a porous coating, which allows it to pass air to the walls.

Vinyl-based coating is chosen in cases where high-quality, but not the most expensive, wallpaper is needed. The types and characteristics are so diverse that they are worth talking about separately.

Vinyl wallpapers are made on paper or non-woven backing.

The quality characteristics of the material depend on the substrate. A vinyl product gives room for imagination and allows you to realize the most whimsical and colorful designs and patterns. It comes in four types. Among them, we should note smooth vinyl, hard, silk-screen and foam. The first two are dense and not embossed. The foam coating is airy, but convex. Silkscreen printing looks like textile wallpaper, however, it is produced by embossing.

Vinyl trellises are a two-layer material. The first layer, paper or non-woven, is covered with PVC film. Then a drawing or print is applied to it. This second layer protects the walls from moisture and other unwanted influences.

Vinyl wallpaper, the types and characteristics of which are very diverse, are the most popular among others. finishing materials for walls.

Below is a list of the advantages and disadvantages of finishing materials of this type.

Advantages and disadvantages of vinyl wallpaper

Vinyl finishing material can last a very long time, up to 20 years. In this case, it is enough to wipe them with a wet cloth from time to time. Moisture resistance, by the way, is also an undeniable advantage of vinyl. The advantage is the widest range of colors, textures, and patterns. Wallpaper does not fade and resists damage well.

This material is perfect not only for decorating walls in the hall and hallway, it will work great in the kitchen, hallway, and living room.

These types of wallpaper and their characteristics have negative qualities. Among them is the release of substances unsafe for health, such as formaldehyde. It may be written on the packaging of the roll that the materials used are absolutely environmentally friendly and meet all standards, but still it is better not to glue them in the children's room. In rooms where such wallpaper is used, it is advisable to frequently open windows and doors for ventilation. Another disadvantage is that it is porous upper layer They started doing it relatively recently. If you purchase old-style wallpaper, it will not allow air to pass through, which means that moisture may accumulate under it, which can lead to the appearance of mold on the walls.

Paper wallpaper

If you are looking suitable species wallpaper for the bedroom, then you should pay attention to traditional paper ones.

Such wall coverings have the longest history among all other types; it goes back centuries. Their homeland is East Asia, from where they came to Europe in the 18th century. Since then, wallpaper has been widely used, and today it is difficult to find at least one home that does not use finishing materials of this or a related type.

Paper wallpapers are relatively inexpensive, they are easy to glue, and they are water-repellent. They can be painted in any color, thereby refreshing the look of the room.

There are different wallpapers available these days.

Now they are produced not only smooth, but also with an imprint (structural).

There are also two main types: two-layer (duplex) and single-layer (simplex). The first ones have protective covering, protecting from influences environment. Single-layer wallpaper is not as wear-resistant, but is cheaper. Despite the difference in price, two-layer ones are in great demand. In any case, such wall covering will please the eye for about 5 years.

Advantages and disadvantages of paper products

Let's discuss the main pros and cons of these types of wallpaper and their characteristics.

The main advantage of paper finishing material should be considered its environmental friendliness. It will not provoke allergies or spoil the atmosphere with harmful emissions. The paper allows air to pass through, this will prevent mold from developing. A secondary advantage of this product is its relatively low cost.

Now a few words about the disadvantages that all types have paper wallpaper. And their characteristics also matter.

Paper is not waterproof, so wallpaper made from it is not suitable for use in... damp rooms such as bathroom, kitchen, corridor.

For the same reason, they cannot be cleaned using water; even wiping with a damp cloth can harm the paper.

Only a few species whose surface is covered protective layer, can be washed with a damp cloth.

Compared to their vinyl counterparts, paper ones are not as practical to use.

Textile

Long before paper wallpaper was invented in Asia, walls were covered with fabric. This method of finishing rooms became the prototype of a new material - textile wallpaper.

Nowadays, covering with fabric indicates the wealth and good taste of the owner of the apartment. The variety of choice will impress you if you decide to purchase such wallpaper. The types and characteristics of fabric are described below.

Not only fabric can be used as a decorative layer, but also threads glued to a paper base, located parallel to one another. Such materials are made in Germany, and they are expensive, up to $40 per roll.

With his luxurious form Wallpaper with a fabric surface is very demanding in terms of operating conditions. They are not recommended for use in children's rooms. There they will quickly lose their ideal appearance.

Suitable rooms for this material include an office, bedroom, and living room.

Some nuances of using textile wallpaper make this process more difficult than gluing other types of wall coverings. The difference is that you need to carefully ensure that drops of glue or water do not get on the front side of the canvas.

To avoid this, you should not apply glue reverse side wallpaper, but the wall itself. Fortunately, non-woven fabric used as a base allows this.

The advantages of the material are that it allows air to pass through, absorbs noise, and looks very beautiful and elegant. The disadvantages are the difficulties of pasting and maintenance, because surfaces of this type cannot be washed, only dry cleaning is permissible.

Velor

Such wallpaper is a paper sheet on which nylon fibers are applied. The fibers are arranged vertically.

The production process looks like this. The paper roll is installed in a special hopper, into which nylon fluff is then fed. The length of each fiber is no more than 1 mm. A grid rotates above the paper, creating an electromagnetic field, due to which the fibers falling on the paper become vertical, just as hair is pulled in the direction of an electrified comb. The fibers are glued, and the finished canvases are dried in the oven. These types of wallpaper are suitable for a guest room or office.

Advantages and disadvantages

The process of gluing them is quite labor-intensive. The glue should be quickly wiped off with a soft cloth, the seams should be smoothed with a brush.

Among the advantages of velor wallpaper, noise-absorbing qualities are noted. The walls covered with them shimmer like velvet. The coating will not fade, no matter how much it is used. Designers often use this type of finishing for decorative purposes, decorating and highlighting areas of rooms.

But there are also disadvantages. Due to its hairiness, the surface collects dust. It also absorbs odors and gets dirty easily, although it only needs to be cleaned using dry methods. Once a stain appears, it will be almost impossible to remove. And, as already mentioned, this type of wall covering is quite difficult to glue.

Non-woven

These types of wallpaper, the characteristics of which are described below, come in two types. The first type is a wall covering that actually consists of of this material. Wallpaper of the second type has a non-woven base, while the coating is made of vinyl.

In order to better understand the properties of the material, you first need to understand what non-woven fabric itself is. Essentially, these are cellulose fibers glued together with a special polymer, with qualities reminiscent of paper. The difference is that non-woven fabric is stronger and does not burn as well.

Wallpaper is made from this material and can be painted frequently. The substance will repeat the texture or embossing made on them. Acrylic or any other water-based paints are best suited for this type of wall renovation.

Like other products, non-woven wallpaper has its advantages. They are made on a thick base, which means that by gluing them to the walls, you can hide some defects, such as cracks and unevenness.

They do not ignite well, which characterizes them positively from a fire safety point of view.

They do not prevent air from penetrating to the walls, so fungus will not form on them.

The material does not tear, does not stretch, and is easy to work with. Glue should be spread on the surface of the wall. Therefore, there is no need to lay out long strips of material in the middle of the room.

Non-woven fabric is not afraid of water; the wall decoration can be easily kept clean by periodically cleaning it with detergents.

Combined

Combining different types of finishes when decorating one room is the simplest and most in an inexpensive way giving the room a unique and original design. The main types of wallpaper and their characteristics are described below. Photos will help you better understand what we are talking about.

You need to have good taste and a sense of proportion to combine harmoniously different types wall coverings. The resulting result should not “dispute” with the overall decoration of the interior; it is intended to emphasize it and enhance its positive qualities.

There are different types, they are determined by the rules for combining colors and qualities of materials.

When selecting suitable options the following nuances need to be taken into account:

In rooms with low ceilings It is undesirable to use dark-colored finishes, especially if they are accompanied by ornaments with large fragments. Such a room can be visually enlarged with light wallpaper, especially plain ones. Patterns with small details are acceptable.
If the ceilings are very high, then the use of materials with large patterns can come to the rescue. This will make the room feel cozier and less bulky.
Light-colored products are not very suitable for covering the walls of a large, spacious room.
When combining wallpaper, you should take into account the function of the room. A combination of plain materials with bright and cheerful wallpaper will look good in a children's room. For the living room, combinations of large geometric shapes, stripes or squares with plain zones are better suited.
If the room for which the materials are selected is located in the southern latitudes, then in summer products in cool colors will look nice in it. Warm shades are well suited where it is often cold and stormy.
You need to take care not only that the types of wallpaper are combined, and that their characteristics suit you. Their thickness must also be the same, otherwise when gluing it will turn out that the joints are too conspicuous.
Think about the combination of wallpaper colors and furniture that will be in the room.

What products to choose for the bedroom

What types of wallpaper are suitable for the bedroom and which are not? It's pretty Difficult choice, if we take into account the variety that is presented on the market of finishing materials for walls in our time. Each type is good in its own way, but also has disadvantages. Some of these disadvantages make certain wallpapers unsuitable for use in the bedroom.

Let's look at the types of wallpaper and their characteristics suitable for living space.

The best option is to use materials made from natural components for this purpose. Vinyl coverings beautiful, but not too natural and safe, it is not recommended to use them in poorly ventilated areas medical point vision. A good but expensive option is textile or non-woven wallpaper. They are absolutely harmless.

In the case of non-woven materials, one must also take into account the environmental friendliness of the paint that may be applied on top of them.

You can use paper wallpaper for walls. The types, characteristics and disadvantages of this material are already described in the article.

What color the walls in your bedroom will be is a matter of your taste. We can only advise when choosing materials to resort to the same principles that are used when combining wallpaper. A small bedroom will benefit from the use of materials light colors, big - on the contrary. It is always better to choose calm colors for the bedroom, because this is a relaxation area.

All the above rules and principles are by no means a mandatory guide to action, because history is full of cases where violation of the rules led to the best results. The main thing is that you and your loved ones feel comfortable in the apartment.

So, we found out what types of wallpaper there are and how to choose them correctly.

Did you know that wallpaper appeared more than 3 thousand years ago! Even in ancient Babylon, rich nobles covered their houses with them. And they were invented in Ancient China, as soon as paper was invented, they immediately began to paste their homes with it.

The first wallpapers were black and white, and color ones appeared much later, and they were made using wooden prints on which multi-colored paints were applied. Just 150 years ago, a worker could make only 3 rolls per shift, but now, thanks to well-established production, hundreds of rolls are produced per day.

But today wallpaper is found in every house or apartment; it’s not such a curiosity. They can make any room cozy and add comfort to the room. Well-chosen wallpaper will make even the most gloomy and seemingly uninhabited house light and warm, one that you won’t want to leave.

To begin with, in order for the wallpaper to get its final look, you need to invent it. Designers and artists work on this, drawing flowers, monograms, and geometric shapes, arriving at a specific design that will be repeated on the canvas in a certain sequence. The drawing is printed in computer programs it is used in interiors, they look at how aesthetically pleasing it looks, and after that it is approved and given a name.

Next, the approved drawing arrives at the workshop. Turns out, wallpaper manufacturing technology has not changed for many years, the paper used for them must be durable and withstand the tests of water and paints. There, printing equipment is made for a specific design, the shafts on which the design is engraved. Paint is applied to the rollers and thus transferred to the paper, so that there is neither too much nor too little paint; a knife is installed near the roller, which removes excess paint.

The pattern on the wallpaper is divided into several layers according to the number of colors. The machine prints colors one by one, for example, first all golden elements are applied, then the entire strip is re-run and all red elements are printed, etc. Can you imagine the load the paper can withstand, which is why it must be strong enough. The more complex the design, the longer the wallpaper takes to print.

Then the machines do embossing - they squeeze out the image, so we get embossed wallpaper. They can also be obtained in this way, when last stage A special acrylic foam paint is applied to the printed wallpaper, it foams in certain places, thus creating a rare relief, for example, in the form of an outline of flowers or small droplets.

Washable wallpaper, which is very often used in kitchens, is printed in the same way as regular wallpaper, and at the end it is covered with a latex coating. It gives them smooth surface and water resistance.

At this stage, the wallpaper is packaged and sent to stores or city markets.

Since ancient times, man has sought to decorate and ennoble his home, which is why the first wallpaper appeared before our era. Today it is one of the most popular types wall decorations.

Wallpapers vary in price, design, color, composition, and anyone can choose the option to their liking. There are hundreds and even thousands of models on the finishing materials market; we choose the wallpaper we like, but we rarely think about how and what they are made from.

A little history

The first wallpaper actually appeared before our era - about 3 thousand years ago. It is known that the inhabitants of Babylon covered the walls of their houses with fabric with simple designs, but there is some speculation about where and when wallpaper was invented. different opinions. The most popular version says that wallpaper in the form in which it is used to this day, that is, paper, was born in Ancient China.

Over time, primitive fabric wallpaper spread throughout the world, their composition and production technology were improved. In the Middle Ages, wallpaper was already made from cardboard, and beautiful ornaments appeared on it.

At the end of the 18th century, the first machine for the production of wallpaper was created in France, which was improved 40 years later in England. And already in the 19th century, thanks to machine printing, wallpaper production became widespread.

Modern production

The work of making wallpaper begins not in a factory, as is commonly thought, but in art workshops. Designers work to create drawings, ornaments, geometric shapes and ultimately come to a finished sketch, which will subsequently appear on the canvas. The resulting drawing is printed, given a name and approved.

bottom - paper or non-woven;
top - depends on the type of wallpaper.

The top layer of wallpaper can be:

non-woven wallpaper (non-woven wallpaper);
vegetable fibers (natural wallpaper);
fabric (textile wallpaper), etc.

So, in the wallpaper production workshop, special rollers with an engraved design are made. Paint is applied to them and thus the design is transferred to the paper layer of wallpaper. If the pattern on the wallpaper is multicolored, then it is divided into several colors, and an industrial printer prints all the colors in turn.

If you need to create a relief, then after applying the design to the paper layer, the image is extruded, that is, embossing is done. Washable wallpaper is produced according to the same principle, and at the end it is coated with a special latex composition, thanks to which the surface becomes smooth and waterproof.

Special equipment

For making wallpaper in industrial scale A variety of equipment is used: devices for obtaining raw materials, printing, embossing, applying fixing compounds, etc. Here is a small list of equipment used in wallpaper production:

edge cutting machine;
conditioner to reduce moisture in the paper layer;
a device for applying a special coating that secures a pattern or ornament;
wallpaper drying machine;
calender - a device for embossing;
industrial printer;
packaging line for rolling wallpaper into rolls and packaging them in polyethylene.

Now you know how wallpaper is produced, which we see every day on the walls in our apartments and offices.

Wallpaper is sheet material from various raw materials, used for finishing walls and ceilings. Most people use them during the renovation process in order to improve their home and give it comfort and style. But not many people know what raw materials are used and how the manufacturing process takes place.

Wallpaper production equipment

Used for production various equipment, necessary for the manufacture of the main raw materials, that is, the base, as well as for the printing itself, coating the outer layer with various fixing materials, twisting and packaging in rolls.

List of equipment for production:

accumulation device (necessary in order not to stop the printing line and not slow down the production process);
conditioning device (necessary to reduce the amount of moisture in the paper base);
a device for applying a sealing coating over a printed design or pattern;
printing sections with built-in drying, so that there is no need to transfer wet wallpaper after printing from one device to another;
rotating device (when drying wallpaper, they should be turned over; this device is used so that they do not need to be turned over manually);
drying chamber;
calender (a device for embossing various patterns on the canvas, as well as for straightening lines, and, of course, infrared heating);
a machine for cutting edges or excess parts as a result of inaccurate calculation of length or width, as well as in case of accidental failures;
packaging line (this line is used for rolling wallpaper into rolls and for packaging in sealed polyethylene).

With the help of such devices and such equipment, any manufacturer can obtain only the most quality product, which will satisfy all the needs of consumers in the market of materials for repair and decoration.

Wallpaper production technology + video on how to make it

The production technology consists of many steps, which include not only the direct production itself, but also the study of consumer demand that exists on the market in this moment.

Wallpaper is a non-woven, that is, paper, or woven, made from natural fabrics, material on which a pattern or paint is applied. The most important factor in production is not drawing or design, but quality finished product. Although the design is given higher value by the buyers themselves, since it is the design, color scheme, and pattern that play the final role in creating comfort, coziness, and the desired atmosphere in the room.

There are the most various wallpapers. They come in both industrial and production premises, and directly for residential premises. Most often, wallpaper for offices, business centers and other industrial premises is chosen to be of higher quality, but light, and with a dim, unobtrusive pattern. With residential premises, on the contrary, it is best for buyers to purchase cheaper options, but with a more pleasant, warm, bright texture and color scheme.

The constituent materials of wallpaper are the base, putty, and paint. Sometimes the bases can consist of various materials, such as wood flooring, plastic or cellulose, various synthetic materials.

The outer or outer part usually has either a pattern or a printed pattern, with the exception of wallpaper for painting, which can be completely flat, without a pattern, texture or printed pattern. This type of wallpaper is used by those who don’t like patterns. The coating of the outer part can be made of laminate, vinyl, latex, which definitely makes the main part of the wallpaper more durable and durable. The inner part can be made of a wide variety of materials, which facilitate their use when applied to a wall or ceiling.

The design or pattern is applied using an industrial printer with special paint designed specifically for wallpaper. After applying the paint, pattern, or design, the wallpaper is immediately covered with a special coating that prevents the pattern from spreading or being damaged by the pattern. The paint for such an industrial printer is often created as environmentally friendly, so that there is no possibility of a negative impact on those who use this wallpaper.

To create paper wallpaper they mainly use wood material, that is, a tree from which the bark has been removed, and which is then crushed and turned into a kind of suspension. This suspension is used to produce paper. This mixture goes through several stages various processing, it is bleached, cleaned of impurities, and given viscosity and stickiness. During the processing process, various synthetic additives are added to it, which are needed in order to increase and improve strength at the time of use. After making the paper base, wallpaper covers various materials to increase wear resistance.

Video how to do it:

How wallpaper is made self made:

There are also several various types print to create a picture:

surface printing;
intaglio printing;
silk-screen printing;
rotary printing.

Vinyl wallpaper is an excellent finishing material for walls; it is produced using modern technologies. The raw materials from which they are produced include a large number of a variety of components that we would like to talk about.

Showcase with wallpaper from various manufacturers

The basis

Conventionally, vinyl wallpaper consists of two layers: external and internal. Outer layer decorative, its function is to please the eye, internal in the form of a base, it is needed for high-quality wallpapering; it holds the wallpaper on the wall. It is this multi-layering that makes vinyl wallpaper so versatile.

The base is made from two materials: paper and non-woven fabric.

paper is used for narrow format wallpaper;
non-woven fabric, modern non-woven material, on wide-width wallpaper.

Non-woven fabric is made from cellulose and artificial fibers fabric, that is, it is an improved analogue of a paper base.

You will always recognize wide wallpapers at first glance

Vinyl wallpaper on a non-woven backing is usually produced in a meter version, since the use of expensive material for narrow wallpaper makes no sense, they will attach just as well to the wall with a paper base.

Vinyl and its types

The top layer is created from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or simply vinyl.

Based on the quality of processing of this material, it is divided into three main groups: foam, kitchen (soft), hot stamping (dense).

Foamed vinyl is obtained after the vulcanization of polyvinyl chloride. Then it is cold embossed and paint is applied, so the finished canvas is obtained. Distinctive Features such wallpaper is:

three-dimensional pattern, strong, noticeable relief on the wallpaper;
soft, vulnerable texture;
light weight of the roll.

An example of foamed vinyl wallpaper on a non-woven backing

Foamed vinyl wallpaper is sold in narrow (0.53m) and wide (1.06m) formats. A narrow format requires a paper backing, a wide format requires a non-woven backing.

Kitchen vinyl has this name because most collections are produced with patterns of this theme. The production technology for this wall covering is similar, but unlike foam material, the shape is fixed with special inhibitors, which makes the wallpaper soft.

You can recognize kitchen vinyl by the following distinctive features:

soft wallpaper fabric, pleasant to the touch;
some relief that is not so noticeable at first glance;
colors are mainly kitchen themed.

retro style kitchen wallpaper

Kitchen-themed vinyl wallpapers come in the following colors: kitchen utensils, geometric figures, products, stories from a chef's life. The collections include wallpaper in several colors from light to dark.

Hot stamping vinyl is produced using high temperatures. Using special presses, melted and heated polyvinyl chloride is embossed, creating a unique wallpaper fabric. It is noteworthy that during heat treatment all harmful substances evaporate.

To know thick wallpaper from such vinyl it is possible according to the following characteristics

wallpaper has a noticeable relief that is visible at first glance;
wallpaper is as moisture resistant and durable as possible;
The colors of the canvas are very different, drawings of any subjects.

High-quality, strong and durable wallpaper fabrics

Hot stamped vinyl wallpaper is currently the most popular in the construction market in many countries. This popularity is due to high technical characteristics material.

Each wallpaper factory introduces its own innovations into the production process, so the composition of wallpaper from different factories may differ. In any case, all enterprises try to use exclusively environmentally friendly, natural materials in wallpaper production.

Raw materials

The decorative layer of vinyl wallpaper is based on PVC. It is polyvinyl chloride that is used to create many finishing materials. Vinyl wallpaper is created from complex, multi-component raw materials. Low-quality vinyl can be distinguished simply by smelling it; the smell of such wallpaper is very similar to the smell of acetone vapor.

The raw materials also include:

special additives - plasticizers, the action of which is aimed at improving mechanical properties wallpaper;
stabilizers added to give maximum strength specific models wallpaper;
coloring pigments to give the desired color to the canvas;
antiseptic additives to combat fungus and mold at the junction of the wallpaper and the wall.

A fairly large number of chemical components included in vinyl wallpaper partially justifies the opinion that they are harmful. Moreover, in different countries Completely different quality standards have been introduced, which, of course, does not apply to the strict requirements of the European Union.

Stand with meter wallpaper various factories

The use of natural ingredients to create wallpaper raw materials entails an inevitable increase in the price of wallpaper. A roll of such wallpaper can differ in cost by several times from analogues made from cheaper artificial raw materials. In our age of economy, such an approach to production can only be afforded by well-established wallpaper factories that have been producing high-quality products for years.

Among the most famous wallpaper factories in Russia, the quality of their products stands out:

The palette is the grandeur of Russian wallpaper production;
Mayakprint is a young, dynamically developing factory;
ART is a well-known Russian enterprise whose products meet all modern standards;
Fipar, Erismann - enterprises on the territory of the Russian Federation, built by foreign specialists.

Vinyl wallpaper takes center stage in the windows of all hardware stores. This is exactly the product that is sold en masse. You can easily verify this by visiting any retail outlet.