Atmospheric heating boilers. Atmospheric boilers Atmospheric gas boiler

To maintain the combustion process, an influx of oxygen and its constant circulation are necessary. In gas boilers this is done in two ways - through coaxial pipe or by drawing air directly from the room. A gas cast iron atmospheric boiler operates on the latter principle. Its design may differ from traditional models with a closed burner, which affects its operational and technical properties.

Principle of operation

Ensuring the flow of air into the gas combustion zone occurs due to natural or forced ventilation. If this requirement is not met, the draft indicator will be minimal, which will reduce the heat transfer of the gas and may cause gas contamination in the boiler room.
The air flow circulates from vent to the gas burner. A zone of low pressure is created there, which causes draft in the direction from the ventilation hole to the chimney pipe.

It can be concluded that an atmospheric boiler is heating device, the operating principle of which is based on maintaining the combustion process by constantly enriching the air masses in the burner area with oxygen. The source is indoor air.

Features of models with atmospheric burner:

arrangement required separate room for boiler room;
you can upgrade a solid fuel boiler by installing a gas burner in its combustion chamber;
opportunity battery life without connection to the mains;
mandatory installation of a vertical chimney.

For heat supply, floor-mounted atmospheric gas boilers with cast iron heat exchangers. The latter has a positive effect on maintenance-free service life and optimization of the transfer of thermal energy from flame to water.

Comparison with turbocharged models

Turbocharged models require a coaxial pipe to operate. Air intake occurs from the street along its outer ring. The main difference between these boilers and atmospheric ones is the possibility of installation in household premises, in particular in the kitchen. This is the only option for gas heating of an apartment or small private house.

What are the criteria for choosing a turbocharged or atmospheric gas boiler for heating? Models with coaxial chimney will be optimal for the following options:

there is no possibility to equip a boiler room;
small heating area;
Maximum autonomy is required.

Wall-mounted atmospheric gas boiler or its floor option It is recommended to install under the following conditions:

large building area;
operation on several types of fuel;
there is no possibility of connecting to the mains.

Another positive point is the relatively low cost. You can choose an option with a minimum configuration, without expansion tank, circulation pump, adapt the boiler to the parameters of a specific heating system.

Burner selection

One of the ways to save money on heat supply equipment is modernization solid fuel boiler. It is important that its heat exchanger and combustion chamber are designed for increased thermal effect. The heat output of atmospheric gas burners for boilers is higher than that of wood or coal.

Their design is simple - there is a pipeline for supplying fuel, several nozzles for spraying, and a device for ignition. Additionally, fans or turbines are used to pump air.

Basic burner characteristics:

Power control method. There are single-stage, two-stage, modulated and with smooth switching of fuel supply. How more complex design, the more economical the consumption will be. But at the same time its cost increases.
Possibility of using another type of fuel, for example diesel. Price for similar models significantly higher than standard options.
Gas pressure requirements. Relevant for systems using reduced (cylinder) gas. Not all burners have a device for changing the incoming fuel pressure.

The burner package must include flame and CO2 level sensors. Otherwise, if there is insufficient draft, there is a high probability of flame extinction and, as a result, gas pollution in the room. This is true for homemade single-circuit atmospheric gas boilers converted from solid fuel ones.

Installation rules

Before installing the equipment, it is necessary to properly arrange the boiler room. The basic standards are set out in SNiP 42-101-2003. Ceiling height of at least 2.5 m, separate exit, window area - 0.03 m? by 1 m? boiler room Ventilation is based on three times the air exchange, additionally the burner consumption is taken into account. The latest data is indicated in the passport.

If a double-circuit atmospheric wall-mounted gas boiler is installed, a supply is made cold water to provide hot water supply. Mixing unit installed separately. The pipe material must withstand maximum temperature coolant.

Additionally, the following nuances are taken into account:

the minimum length of the chimney pipe is 6 m;
the finishing material of walls, floors and ceilings in the area where the equipment is located should not be flammable, the minimum fire resistance limit is 0.75 hours;
When using liquefied (cylindered) gas, a separate storage space is equipped.

Maintenance and possible operational problems

For normal operation heating system, you need to periodically clean the nozzles from soot. It appears quickly when used liquefied gas. Indirect signs of contamination are a decrease in heat output, a change in the color of the flame. For maintenance it is recommended to use special kits.

The type of flame determines the following defects in system operation:

breakthrough into the burner indicates insufficient draft;
flame separation from the nozzle means a high flow rate of the air mixture.

You should also periodically clean the fan or turbine. Over time, a layer of dust and dirt appears on their inner surface, preventing normal operation.

Atmospheric gas boilers are best option for heat supply country house, industrial or commercial building. They are distinguished by a large selection of models and the ability to heat large areas.

To understand which boiler is better, atmospheric or turbocharged, to use for a specific heating system, you need to understand some design features and the operating principle of the devices.

An atmospheric gas boiler can be wall-mounted or floor-mounted, as well as single-circuit, intended only for working with the home heating system, or double-circuit (with an additional coil) - for heating water.

A combustion chamber is installed in such a boiler open type, that is, air intake occurs directly, in a natural way. It is precisely because of this feature that atmospheric installations are located in special boiler rooms, which can be equipped in a private country house, as a rule, does not pose much of a problem. But if it is planned to install a gas boiler in an apartment, then this factor becomes not only a disadvantage, but also an obstacle.

In addition, to remove combustion products, a traditional chimney with access to the roof of the building is required, which, again, is quite feasible in a private house, but difficult in an apartment building. Exceptions may be apartments of old construction with existing chimneys, which still need to be modernized over the years, but the percentage of such houses is small. If you plan to install an atmospheric boiler in a country house, then in addition to boiler room equipment, you will need initial stage construction, design and install a chimney taking into account all the rules and regulations. It is imperative that the furnace room be equipped with an effective ventilation system that will ensure the flow of oxygen necessary for the combustion process.

Operating principle of an atmospheric boiler

An important difference between an atmospheric boiler and a turbocharged one is the type of burner. In the first model, it is a set of nozzles, the diameter of which is small enough to ensure gas exits at a certain pressure. It also regulates the amount of incoming oxygen, and, accordingly, the intensity of combustion.

The principle of operation is based on the fact that the burner heats the heat exchanger, which can be made of cast iron or steel, thus heating water or other coolant. And the combustion process is ensured and supported by mixing the gas mixture with air before supplying it to the burner nozzles. The latter, based on the principle of mixing, can be with partial or complete mixing, the operating efficiency and efficiency of which are slightly higher, but it is important to note that they are almost never found on the domestic market.

All of the above factors can be considered either features or disadvantages of the equipment, depending on the specific situation, but atmospheric boilers have two important and undeniable advantages that often sway the consumer in their favor. First of all, this is the fact that most models of this type are non-volatile, and therefore preferable in operation in the presence of constant interruptions or unstable power supply. The second advantage is the low price (in comparison with turbocharged models of comparable power) of the equipment. It is important to note the safety of operation, for which the traction sensor is responsible, and which is equipped in almost all models of this type.

It is fair to note that gas boilers with an atmospheric burner still remain one of the main products on the market heating systems. They are used both in private houses and in apartments of small buildings. The power of the most popular models is about 15-35 kW. But the maximum value reaches 100 kW. Among the gas options with this burner design, only . This device is quite sufficient for heating a small room.

Features of gas boilers with atmospheric burner

Regarding the advantages of such units with this type of burner, we can say the following:

The disadvantages of this development are also obvious:

since boilers have an open combustion chamber, there is potentially a threat of an emergency;
The air intake diagram provides for certain operating conditions of the boiler. As a rule, boiler rooms are equipped in accordance with safety regulations.

As you can see, on the one hand, comfort and ergonomics are ensured, and on the other hand, the safety of the heating system is reduced. Heating of the room can reach 200 square meters. There are both single-circuit and . Service life thanks to reliable design can last up to fifty years.

Operating principle of the equipment

Main heating device is an atmospheric burner. It heats the heat exchanger (in most cases cast iron) due to the gas supply. The design usually includes:

nozzle;
burner head;
ejection tube;
air regulator.

The essence of the process is ejection, that is, mixing two media and feeding them in a certain direction. Atmospheric burners can be:

with partial mixing;
with complete mixing.

Mixing is done in advance. In the first case, half of the air is combined with gas through nozzles, and 50% enters the combustion chamber directly. In the second case, suction involves connecting the gas mixture with the full volume of oxygen. Models with this form of mixing are not supplied to the CIS countries. with an atmospheric burner need a good gas supply. If the pressure is below 17 mbar, the main component of the heat generator is damaged (the holes in it become larger), and subsequently the equipment turns on with a noticeable pop.

The atmospheric burner is ignited by a pilot burner, which in turn is activated by ignition (piezo or electric). When the heat exchanger reaches the desired temperature, the main burner turns off. This is controlled by a special sensor. To increase the temperature, the gas supply valve opens.

Characteristics

The main characteristics include the following:

power up to 100 kW;
weight on average reaches several tens of kilograms;
large-sized models;
the amount of heated water is 10-30 liters per minute;
coefficient useful action– up to 92%;
multifunctional electronic unit.

Manufacturers

Popular manufacturers of boilers with atmospheric burner are the following:

Buderus;
Viessmann;
Vaillant.

Among the new models, Buderus Logano G124WS (20 – 32 kW), Viessmann Vitogas 100F (29 – 60 kW) and Vaillant atmoCRAFT (65 – 115 kW) stand out.

An atmospheric boiler is a heating equipment, the feature of which is a burner built into the body. This device is characterized by low noise, affordable cost and high power (up to 150 kW). GC "EKVOLS" supplies floor-mounted atmospheric gas boilers, among which there is sure to be a suitable option for heating a room of any size.

Range of boiler equipment with atmospheric burners

The models we present are very diverse. Thanks to this, you have the opportunity to purchase an atmospheric gas boiler for heating a summer house or country house, as well as a large facility with total area up to 29,000 m². The heat exchanger in such equipment can be cast iron or steel. There are floor-standing atmospheric boilers that are volatile (require connection to the electrical network) and non-volatile (do not use electric current). Also the lineup divided into single-circuit and dual-circuit installations. The first type works only for heating. A gas boiler with a double-circuit atmospheric burner is perfect for those who want to organize not only efficient heating, but also an autonomous supply of hot water.

While conducting home heating, every owner is faced with the problem of choosing the right boiler. Every day new boiler options appear on the market, which are divided into certain groups, we will talk about them in the article. You will learn about which boiler is better, atmospheric or turbocharged, as well as the principles of operation various types boilers, their advantages and disadvantages.

It's worth starting with brief analysis the main types of boilers in order to understand the system of their operation and the appropriateness of installation in a particular home.

Wall and floor

It is this specification that determines not only the mounting location of the boiler, but also its shape, weight and capabilities.

Floor boiler. It differs in that its weight can reach 100 kg, installation requires a lot of space (pipe outlet, installation of a pump, taps) and the installation itself is quite complex, and therefore more expensive. Besides the installation difficulties, the problem is that most floor-standing boilers do not have additional function“boilers”, that is, they do not heat up the water for supply to the mixers, they make quite a lot of noise during operation, and the chimney requires regular cleaning not only of soot, but also of various debris. Considering the positive aspects, it is worth saying that floor standing boilers many times more powerful than wall-mounted ones, and more durable. Therefore, if you need a powerful boiler without unnecessary electronics, then it is better to choose a floor-standing option.

Wall-mounted boiler. The heater has smaller dimensions than a floor heater and weighs about 50 kg. Such units are mainly double-circuit, that is, they replace your geyser or boiler. The wall-mounted option is easier to install and takes up much less space, and the ability to remove “exhausts” not only through a chimney, but also directly through the wall allows you to install the unit in almost any convenient location, complying with the requirements.

On a note!
Wall-mounted and floor-standing boilers can be either single-circuit or double-circuit. The location of the unit does not in any way affect the number of circuits.

However, not everything is so smooth. The presence of a large amount of electronics makes such a boiler dependent on it. That is, if something burns out in the boiler, you will be left without heating. As a rule, such boilers cost several times more, and their repair can amount to up to 1/3 of the cost of a new unit. It is advisable to install a wall heater in small apartments or houses where there is no extra space for installing a heavy floor-standing boiler and related parts.

Single-circuit and double-circuit

Single-circuit and double-circuit boilers differ in the tasks they can perform. So, for example, a double-circuit boiler (following the name) performs two tasks: it heats the room and heats water to be supplied to the mixer.

Single-circuit performs only one standard function - heating.

Double-circuit boiler, in addition to the standard function, makes it possible to obtain hot water for various needs, but it cannot be called a full-fledged “boiler”. The fact is that the pressure of water that passes through the unit must be very strong for the system to work. Therefore, such a boiler needs to be installed near the bathroom and kitchen.

A single-circuit boiler does not give you the additional function of a boiler, however, it costs several times less. The operating system of such a unit is simple, which means that if it breaks down it will be easier to repair. In addition to a single-circuit boiler, you can install boiler indirect heating , which can run on various fuels (gas, electricity, solid fuel), be floor or wall mounted.

It works as follows: a system is connected to the boiler central heating(on a small circle); A flask with water is installed inside the unit, through which a coil passes. Hot water, passing through the coil, heats the water inside the boiler, and it can be used for personal purposes. When the heating is turned off, the taps at the inlet and outlet of the central heating pipes are closed, and the water in the boiler is heated using gas, electricity or solid fuel.

For more information on the structure and difference between single-circuit and double-circuit boilers, watch the video

Types of double-circuit heating systems

Atmospheric

An atmospheric double-circuit gas boiler is distinguished by an air intake system. Such a heater receives air from the room (open type boiler), which means it needs to be installed only in the boiler room.

The burner is a set of small diameter nozzles through which gas escapes under pressure. Its effectiveness is due to the fact that during the combustion process, required amount oxygen, which intensifies the flame. Consequently, such a boiler spends less fuel, heating the water in the system to the required temperature.

A gas boiler with an atmospheric burner, like any other, requires smoke exhaust through an installed chimney lined with stainless steel.

Turbocharged

A turbocharged double-circuit gas boiler is distinguished by the fact that it has closed chamber combustion. Air is supplied to the unit by a fan through a separate coaxial pipe. This heater can be installed in any place convenient for you. For safety reasons, it does not require a special room.

A specific feature of these boilers is the copper lining of the combustion chamber, which is why the power of such heaters is no more than 35 kW. However, this rule only applies to wall options, floor-standing ones have a cast iron chamber lining, so they are not limited by low power.

It should be noted that for such boilers, not only straight chimneys are suitable, but also those located at an angle, two-channel and with insertion into a common chimney channel.

Condensation

An interesting option for boilers that use all the heat produced during gas combustion. The boiler operates in such a way that the smoke coming out of it is cooled in an additional water tank, giving off the lion's share heat. This saves about 10% of the energy that goes into heating water in a separate tank.

It's also worth noting that the water tank that cools the smoke serves as a small boiler. The dual-circuit system allows water heated in the tank to be discharged to the mixers.

Condensing boilers are of open and closed type, can be equipped with additional electronics that control the temperature in the combustion chamber, system (pipes), and can reduce or increase power while maintaining the set temperature.

Atmospheric gas wall-mounted boiler: operating principle of heating equipment

Now let's describe in detail the principle of operation gas boiler with atmospheric burner.

The gas burner heats the cast iron, which acts as a heat exchanger. The design of such a burner includes:

nozzle;
burner head;
ejection tube;
air regulator.

The picture shows a diagram of an atmospheric burner and the principle of air intake.

Air is mixed with gas before it is supplied to the nozzles. Mixing type burners can be:

with full mixing;
with partial mixing.

If the burner operates with partial mixing, then part of the gas is supplied together with air, and part is supplied directly. In the second case, all the gas is mixed with oxygen and enters the combustion chamber.

Attention!
Models with full gas mixing are not supplied to the CIS countries.

The double-circuit atmospheric wall-mounted gas boiler uses the same valve system as other double-circuit boilers. That is, during heating running water(output to mixers), the coolant will be directed to the heat exchanger and not to the heating system.

Let's talk about the advantages and disadvantages of atmospheric boilers gas burners. The advantages include the following:

An atmospheric boiler has its disadvantages, namely:

since atmospheric burners require an open air supply (from the room), such a gas boiler is less safe (fire or carbon monoxide may escape);
for the boiler you need to allocate a special room (boiler room), which is a great “luxury” for small apartments.

Criteria for choosing an atmospheric gas boiler for the wall: what characteristics should you pay attention to

Atmospheric gas boilers vary in terms of power, dimensions, weight and efficiency.

Power

In previous sections, we indicated the maximum power of wall-mounted boilers - 36 kW, which is determined by the design of the suspended equipment. To choose the optimal boiler for power, you need to evaluate the square footage of the entire house or apartment, and also take into account heat losses (windows, uninsulated walls, floors). In the description of each boiler there is a quadrature that it heats, but it is worth understanding that the description does not take into account heat loss.

Therefore, when buying a boiler, you need to choose one that can heat an area 25% larger than you have.
For example, the area of your house is 120 m2, but you need to buy a boiler that is designed for 150 m2. m.

You can use another measurement system, according to which per 10 sq. m requires 1 kW of power. Following this calculation, a wall-mounted boiler with maximum power can heat up to 360 sq. m of living space.

If you have difficulties choosing the boiler power, then contact specialists who will carry out thermal calculations, or get advice from equipment sellers.

Weight and dimensions

Almost everything wall-mounted boilers have standard dimensions– 700 x 400 x 250 mm, and their weight varies from 25 to 50 kg. Weight and dimensions depend not only on power, but also on additional elements, such as a touch panel, temperature sensors, an additional chamber for heating running water, and so on. It makes no sense to focus on choosing an atmospheric boiler based on weight and dimensions, since most boilers, regardless of power and efficiency, have standard sizes.

On a note!
More advanced versions of wall-mounted boilers will have less weight and dimensions.

Gas boiler efficiency

First you need to find out what the efficiency of an atmospheric boiler is. Many knowledgeable people They don’t pay attention to these letters, but look only at the power. This is fundamentally wrong, since the efficiency of the boiler shows how much generated energy will be used to heat the water, and how much will evaporate. That is, efficiency is useful energy that is used for its intended purpose.

The efficiency of atmospheric gas boilers varies between 80-90%, that is, 10-20% of the energy will “heat” the street.

Efficiency directly depends on the boiler model and its cost. More expensive modern boilers regulate the gas supply in such a way as to obtain maximum effect.

It is worth noting that the efficiency of turbocharged boilers is 90-97%, and that of condensing boilers is above 100%. The whole difference is that the “exhausts” of an atmospheric boiler have an average temperature of 110 °C, a turbocharged one - 55 °C, and a condensing boiler - about 30 °C.

Atmospheric gas double-circuit wall-mounted boilers: popular manufacturers (Baxi, Bosh, Vaillant, Viessmann, Gazlux and others)

What every buyer has difficulty with is choosing a manufacturer. You always want to buy a “cheaper” boiler that will work great and last a long time. We bring to your attention wall-mounted boilers from the most popular manufacturers.

Italian company Baxi offers wall-mounted gas boilers that operate on atmospheric burners. Let's start with the advantages of branded boilers:

The units meet all environmental and fire safety requirements.
The boilers have advanced electronic components that regulate the flame power and maintain a stable temperature in the room.
The boiler design is small in size and light in weight; installation of the boiler is considered simple.
Depending on the model, the boiler may contain electronic filling that checks the temperature in the room with the set one and automatically turns the heating on or off.

Now let's talk about the disadvantages of the manufacturer. It’s worth starting with the fact that boilers from Baxi are prohibitively expensive compared to other well-known brands. Accordingly, repairs and replacement of parts will also cost a pretty penny.

After purchasing a boiler, it must be installed correctly. This is where the next disadvantage appears - the boiler must be installed exclusively by professionals, otherwise it will not work properly or even explode.

From the above we can conclude that boilers from Baxi are suitable for wealthy people who are willing to pay for quality product and correct installation.

Next on the list is the Navien Ace wall-mounted atmospheric gas boiler from Korean manufacturers, popular in Russia.
Let's move straight to strong side equipment:

The boiler works perfectly at low gas pressure (4-16 mbar) and water (0.1 bar).
The boiler is not affected by voltage surges; it functions perfectly in the range of 155-280 volts.
The unit is equipped with protection against freezing of water in the system.
Relatively low price.

The disadvantages include the operation of automation, which in some cases malfunctions, and minor engineering miscalculations.

Germany offers us gas wall-mounted atmospheric boilers from Vaillant, the pros and cons of which we will discuss below. Vailant has been supplying its products to the market for more than 130 years, which is a sign good quality and durability.

Advantages of Vaillant boilers:

reliability and long term model services (manufacturer provides a 15-year warranty);
high efficiency of devices, which is achieved due to correct assembly designs;
boilers are equipped with all necessary systems control;
built-in pressure regulator allows the boiler to operate stably even at low gas pressure;
in the event of a breakdown, the boiler notifies you of the details of the problem.

Each company has its own weak sides, which are reflected in the products. Boilers from Vailant will not work in the absence of electricity, which is big problem, because if there is a breakdown in the electrical network, you will immediately sit without electricity and without heating.

It is also worth considering the peculiarity of boilers - the absence expansion tank. If you experience interruptions in the cold water supply, you will have to additionally install a water tank.

Attention!
Poor water quality can lead to premature failure of the heat exchanger, so a filter should be installed.

Next comes another German company Viessmann, which offers fairly high-quality products at average prices.

Positive sides:

the units implement advanced technologies, they have everything necessary sensors and temperature control systems;
quiet operation of the equipment;
high energy efficiency;
ease of operation;
easy installation of the device.

Despite all the positive aspects, the Viessmann boiler has a large number of cons. Almost all owners of boilers from this company complain about the excessive “gluttony” of the units, when it takes more than 150 cubic meters of gas to heat 50-60 square meters.

It is worth saying that the product is made in such a way that as soon as the warranty period expires, problems with the electronics begin. And if the boiler was not installed by a professional, then it may fail during the warranty period. Wherein service center does not always provide repairs under warranty, so we do not recommend giving preference to this company.

Another Italian brand Gazlux offers us its products. Positive aspects of branded boilers:

Let's move on to the cons:

Although Gazlux is an Italian company, its products are manufactured in China, which seriously affects the quality;
a warranty period of 2 years does not provide much confidence;
the batteries run out very quickly, this is noted by all users of Gazlux boilers;
the electronics may malfunction, causing the boiler to turn off, react incorrectly to the set temperature, or overheat (most often due to improper installation).

In general, when buying boilers from Gazlux, you get an average quality boiler at an adequate price. If you are counting on a small amount, then such equipment will come in handy.

Famous German company Bosch also produces wall-mounted atmospheric boilers, which deserve attention.

Product advantages:

high quality materials that last a long time;
quiet operation of the boiler even at high power;
low price;
implementation of all advanced technologies.

Disadvantages of the product:

many components are manufactured by third parties;
small model range;
small number of service centers.

We can conclude that Bosch boilers are a good “anti-crisis” option in this market, having a low price and good practicality. However, it is worth remembering that the products are manufactured far outside Germany, which greatly affects the quality.

You can watch an overview of various Bosch boilers with a detailed examination of the models in the video

We introduced you to the types and features of all traditional gas boilers that are used in apartments and private houses. Choose products based on several criteria at once and try not to take the word of the interested sellers.