What to do if the apartment is cold. How and with what to insulate the walls of an apartment from the inside? Insulate the cold walls inside with

The question of whether it is worth insulating the walls of a house from the inside still does not have a clear answer. Some experts are ardent opponents of this option. Others, on the contrary, believe that such a solution will create the most comfortable conditions for people’s lives. It is worth noting that both are right. Everything depends on the specific situation, according to which this or that decision should be made. But even before starting work on insulating the walls of a house from the inside, it is important to study the features of the process and select a safe material.

Main advantages

Insulating the walls of a house from the inside is especially important in apartment buildings. Sometimes it is the only option for creating comfortable conditions in those rooms adjacent to unheated, cold technical rooms or staircase. You can also insulate walls from the inside in a private house. Such a solution will preserve the original appearance of the facade or increase the amount of heat that will be stored in the building.

Such work refers to non-traditional technologies. Most often, they are recommended in cases where it is simply impossible to arrange external insulation. These are, for example, the same high-rise buildings. After all, sometimes it is very often necessary to maintain heat in the premises of a panel house. Insulating the walls in an apartment from the inside will be the only option when the work can be carried out independently, in the most short time and without obtaining the appropriate permits that are necessary when arranging the facade. As a result, the comfort of housing will increase, and the owners will forget about such troubles as fungus and mold.

Possible problems

Despite certain advantages, insulating the walls of a house from the inside also has a number of disadvantages. It was they who caused the appearance of opponents this decision. Thus, the presence of insulation on the internal walls of a building contributes to the emergence of such problems as:

-Walls exposed to cold. After all Basic structure at home does not get rid of contact with outside air. This leads to its rapid destruction. Cracks begin to appear on the surface of the walls, because their insulation from the inside takes away a certain part of the heat. And if before the activities the external structures of the building were heated from the inside, then upon completion of the work this process stops.

-Condensation. As is known, on a cold surface in contact with warm air, droplets of moisture are formed. This phenomenon is called the “dew point”. the main objective, which stands in front of the thermal insulation of the house - moving such a point outside external structure. Insulating walls from the inside in a private house or in a high-rise apartment leads to the formation of condensation at the boundary between the insulation and its surface. In this regard, the process turns out to be hidden from the owners, and they simply do not notice it. Walls with high humidity become an excellent place for the growth of mold and fungi.

-Reducing the area of ​​rooms. Today the construction industry produces different kinds the most modern materials, with fairly high efficiency. However, she has not yet come up with one that, while maintaining high technical characteristics, would be very small in thickness. Insulating a house from the inside will take away from the premises 5 to 10 cm of their space, which will significantly reduce the usable area. At first glance this is not too noticeable. But if you calculate it over the entire building, the figure will be quite impressive.

Based on all of the above, before starting work on insulating the walls of a house from the inside, it is advisable to carefully consider the negative aspects of such a decision. Get rid of possible problems necessary already at initial stage, because otherwise the negative result will become noticeable already in the first years of such operation.

Materials

What allows you to use technology that involves insulating the surface of walls from inside the building? These may be the most various materials, having their own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. As a rule, the most popular insulation options for such work are mineral wool and foam plastic, penoplex, as well as slabs made from wood fiber. Let's take a closer look at their advantages and disadvantages.

Styrofoam

Very often, owners who decide to insulate a house from the inside opt for this material. After all, it is quite effective and, importantly, has a low cost. As a rule, 5 cm of such a protective layer is sufficient to ensure a comfortable microclimate in the premises.

Foam plastic is most often used to insulate walls in apartments multi-storey buildings. The use of this material allows installation to be carried out quickly, without additional tools and complex processing.

Among the disadvantages of polystyrene foam are the following:

Low strength;

Flammability;

Poor vapor permeability.

The latest forecast helps turn the house into a real greenhouse. In order to avoid this problem, you will need to arrange forced ventilation, which will require additional labor and financial costs.

Penoplex

The closest relative of foam plastic is extruded polystyrene foam, also known as penoplex. Externally, these two materials are very similar to each other. However, foam boards have Orange color, not white. In addition, it is more durable, which determines its durability.

However, the disadvantages of polystyrene foam in the form of flammability and poor vapor permeability of this material still remain. Insulating the internal surfaces of the walls when using it will not allow the house to “breathe”, which will require the installation of forced ventilation.

Is it possible to use polystyrene foam to create comfortable indoor conditions? Yes, but you will need to prepare in advance for possible problems and eliminate them in time.

This option is more acceptable for a house, as well as one built from lightweight concrete. As for wood, it is usually chosen for the construction of buildings for its ability to “breathe”. But polystyrene foam and penoplex block air flows. This negates all the benefits of wood.

Mineral wool

These insulation materials are also widely used for internal lining. What is attractive about this material is its inexpensive price. Experts recommend using mineral wool in hard slabs to insulate the inside of a house wall. This material is easy to install, non-flammable and highly durable.

Rolled products are produced under such brands as Rockwool, Knauf, and Izover. She has good:

1. Thermal conductivity. This allows the use of a thin layer of insulation.
2. Soundproofing. The use of glass wool provides excellent protection against street noise. Such properties of the material are facilitated by the air gap between its fibers.
3. Vapor permeability.
4. Tensile strength.
5. Resistant to biological influences, for example, to rodents.

This insulation is also supported by its high service life. It has been successfully performing its functions for fifty years. In addition, mineral wool has low density and light weight.

However, it is worth keeping in mind that this material perfectly absorbs water, after which it ceases to function according to its intended purpose. To prevent this from happening, provide a vapor barrier and waterproofing in the form of a film or membrane. The first protects the insulation from the side of the incoming warm air, and the second - from the cold air.

Fiberboard

Insulation from the inside can be carried out using They have:

Good noise absorption and thermal insulation;

Unattractive to rodents and insects;

Good resistance to moisture and temperature changes;

Easy to process using any tools;

Easy installation;

Convenient for wiring.

However, it is worth keeping in mind that fiberboard boards subject to treatment with toxic substances. This poses a danger to humans. That is why this material is most often used for exterior decoration.

Insulation of frame houses

Anyone who has decided to improve the comfort of their home will need to check its condition. If any defects are detected, they will need to be eliminated before work begins. Wall insulation frame house from the inside will require cleaning them and removing foreign objects. An important point It will also get rid of the gaps in the structural elements. To do this you will need to use polyurethane foam. If the wood of the walls is damp, then it is dried using a hair dryer.

When insulating the walls of a house from the inside with your own hands, you will need to go through two stages. The first of these is the installation of waterproofing. The second stage involves laying a layer of thermal insulation.

The waterproofing is pre-cut into strips corresponding to the size of the walls and attached to them. Next, the insulation is laid, placing it between the racks of the pre-arranged sheathing. The material selected to create a comfortable temperature in the room is pre-cut into strips corresponding to the area of ​​the walls. At the same time, their size may exceed the required by 5 cm. This nuance allows you to lay the insulation more tightly. This will increase the effectiveness of its use.

Insulation of wooden houses

Work in such buildings begins with the installation of sheathing, which is installed on load-bearing walls Oh. In this case, it is recommended to use timber. Wall insulation wooden house from the inside using metal profile It makes sense in cases where in the future they will be covered with moisture-resistant plasterboard.

To create smooth and correct angles prepare corner posts from timber with a cross section of 50 x 100 mm. Their height should be equal to the height of the room. Along the edge of such a beam, a second one with a smaller cross-section (50 x 50 mm) is reinforced with self-tapping screws. Such a solution will allow you to secure the selected material inside the created structure.

Insulating the walls of a wooden house from the inside will require their pre-treatment with a special liquid. This will protect the surface from rotting and burning.

The next stage of insulating the walls of a wooden house from the inside with your own hands is the installation of bars, which are attached in increments of 50 cm. After completing the arrangement of the sheathing, you can begin the process of attaching the material, which is most often mineral wool. The insulation is pre-cut to the height of the walls with a width exceeding the distance between the vertical parts of the structure by 2 cm.

Mineral wool is fixed inside the sheathing anchor bolts. It can be laid in 2 layers, between which the film should be placed.

After fixing the heat insulator, bars measuring 30x40 mm are mounted. Next, the sheathing is carried out using the one chosen by the owners decorative material, which could be, for example, lining. By the way, it will allow you to additionally insulate the house. At the same time, the interior will look very attractive.

Insulation of panel houses

In order to create a comfortable temperature in such a building, mineral wool is usually used. In addition, wall insulation in panel house the inside can be made of penofol and fiberboard, foamed polyurethane and balsa wood.

How is such work carried out? Insulating walls in a panel house from the inside will require cleaning them of old coatings. You can use a vacuum cleaner to remove dirt. The surface should be treated with a primer and antiseptic. After applying the next layer, the wall should be allowed to dry thoroughly. At the next stage, the surface is leveled with plaster, with all joints covered with mastic, sealant or moisture-resistant solution. Only after this they begin to arrange the heat insulator. The work is completed by installation facing material, to which the final finishing is applied.

Insulation of brick houses

Buildings made from this material are distinguished by durability and strength. However, brick retains heat much worse than, for example, wood. In order to maintain a comfortable temperature in the premises, you will need to protect the walls from the cold.

Very often, owners insulate walls with isover from the inside in a brick house. is on the list of one of the most popular materials for performing such work. However, it is worth keeping in mind that you cannot leave it open. After all, over time, mineral wool will begin to emit dust, which negatively affects the health of residents. If brick house If this material is insulated correctly, then no problems will arise in the future. In this case, you will only need to waterproof the insulating layers, since they easily absorb moisture, get wet, and as a result lose their properties.

To install an insulating layer of mineral wool with your own hands, you will need to prepare the following materials and tools:

Wooden slats;

Mineral wool;

Film for waterproofing;

Vapor barrier film;

Plaster;

Primer;

Putty knife;

Plywood or drywall.

Installation of mineral wool is carried out after thorough preparation of the walls, which are plastered and primed. There is no need to level such a surface, because later the sheathing will be mounted on it.

After the walls have dried, a layer of waterproofing is attached to them. Next, they begin to form the sheathing, which is made from wooden slats, fastening them together with screws. At the next stage, insulation is installed. The sheathing is placed on top of it and the slats vapor barrier film. This structure is covered with sheets of plasterboard or plywood. The joints of the facing material are sealed with putty.

High heating costs and the reluctance of the home owner to insulate the structure of the building from the outside are forcing residents to look for other solutions. One of them is to insulate the apartment from the inside, thereby reducing the usable space. We offer a method of insulating an apartment from the inside using insulating boards with glass wool and Multipor mineral boards.

Insulating an apartment from the inside - what you should know

You will learn:

• what factors should be taken into account when designing and implementing thermal insulation inside a home;
• how to properly install thermal insulation from the inside;
• properties and application of insulating boards.

For apartment users, the most important thing is comfort and low heating bills, and therefore, if there is no solution for thermal insulation of the building from the outside, only decision— insulate the external walls of the apartment from the inside. However, you should know that, in accordance with the laws of building physics, insulation from the inside is not an entirely optimal solution. When installing insulation on an interior wall, several important factors should be considered:

1. In the case of insulating walls from the inside, it will not help to avoid temperature bridges.
2. Outer wall (solid brick walls) on cold side barriers are exposed to moisture, which can lead to freezing of water in the cracks of the wall.
3. Internal insulation must be carefully thought out and executed, and installed only in freezing parts of the wall.

How to insulate an apartment from the inside - step-by-step instructions

Before you begin to insulate the walls, you must remove all elements, such as wall radiators, that should not be under the insulation layer. For good thermal insulation and simple and quick installation, for wall insulation, it is better to use sheet glass wool or mineral wool, laid in a frame made of profiles and covered with sheets of plasterboard.

When insulating internally, windows should also be replaced (if they require replacement), choosing a model with the best insulation parameters.

The first step is to install the wall profiles. The photo shows a finished wall for laying wall insulation boards.

Use vapor barrier layers on top of the profiles. To avoid problems with fixing drywall in the corner, first the main wall is sheathed, after which the corner frame profile is mounted.

To avoid cooling corners, install the insulation perpendicular to the insulated wall.

Leave a reserve of vapor barrier in the corner to connect it to the corner frame insulation.

The corner part of the wall should be insulated from 60 to 100 cm in length. In addition, the floor and ceiling must be insulated with a vapor barrier.

Cover the profile frame and mineral wool tightly with a vapor barrier, making overlaps on the ceiling, floor and walls. To seal the vapor barrier with the wall and floor, use double-sided tape.

To insulate the building from the inside, energy-saving mineral wool insulation with a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.030 W/(mx°C) is recommended, which has more than 20% greater insulating capacity compared to other materials used in construction and intended for use in areas requiring a thin layer isolation.

Insulation of walls with Multipor mineral slabs

Multipor is a cellular insulating material made from sand, lime and water. This is an environmentally friendly material, prevents the formation of mold, its thermal conductivity is 0.045 W/(mx°C).

Preparation and insulation of wall surfaces

Before starting work, thoroughly clean the surface of the walls from residues. old plaster and paints. The floor should be covered with film and secured to the wall with electrical tape. A damper tape is placed on the film around the perimeter of the corner between the wall and the floor.

Preparation of the solution for application to the surface of the block

Prepare the solution by adding the appropriate amount of water according to the instructions, and then mix with a mixer until the consistency of thick sour cream.

The finished solution is distributed over the entire surface of the block using a notched trowel.

Attaching the block to the wall

When applied correctly, the mortar should have a thickness of approximately 8-10mm over the entire surface of the block.

Carefully press the block against the wall, moving it close to the previous block. Check with a level that the blocks are secured level.

Avoid vertical and horizontal seams flush with the corner edge.

To avoid thermal bridges, insulate part of the ceiling

If you have top floor, then the ceiling should also be insulated. If you have a cold corner, then we insulate it 60-100 cm from the corner.

Leveling and finishing walls

These slabs are easy to grind, you can easily remove any unevenness.

Install perforated corners on all slopes using mesh to protect against cracks. Also apply a grid over the entire block area.

The construction market does not stand still. Today in specialized stores you can find a large assortment materials intended for internal wall insulation. How to choose from the whole variety of heat insulators what is best suited for a residential premises, warehouse, office building or premises for other purposes?

Choice optimal option, first of all, should be focused on achieving the primary goal - increasing the indoor air temperature during the cold season. But, besides this, it is important to take into account the environmental friendliness of the material and its ability to create an optimal microclimate. After all, if you treat internal insulation without proper preparation, then all the work will only lead to aggravation of the situation: the appearance of excessive dampness, the formation of fungi and a layer of mold on the walls and ceiling.

Each of the proposed insulation options has its own installation features, disadvantages and advantages in application. It is worth dwelling on the issue of choosing a heat insulator in more detail.

Each of the proposed insulation options has its own installation features

Parameters that the material used to insulate the apartment from the inside must meet:

• Thermal conductivity. If the thermal conductivity of the material is high, the insulation layer must be larger, which leads to a decrease in room area and an increase in cost. The ability to retain heat is one of the key parameters, which you need to focus on when deciding what is the best way to insulate an apartment.
• Strength, resistance to mechanical damage. The use of brittle material reduces the service life of the insulation, and also increases the cost and time required to complete the work.
• Environmental friendliness. When insulating a residential apartment, it is advisable to choose a harmless material. After all, wall insulation for an apartment or residential building must be safe and not emit harmful substances.
• Vapor permeability. Taking this indicator into account, you can avoid many problems associated with increased humidity in the apartment.
• Biostability. This indicator assesses the ability of a material to resist the spread and attack of biological organisms such as fungi. In addition to external manifestations, microorganisms contribute to the destruction of the material and the loss of its original properties.
• Economical. Naturally, you don’t want to spend extra money on insulating the walls in your apartment, but you shouldn’t save too much in this matter either.

Different materials have their own operational features and differ in one way or another. Therefore, before you go to the store, you should familiarize yourself with these characteristics. After all, the answer to the question of which insulation to choose for the walls depends not only on the warmth and comfort in the apartment, but also on its suitability for comfortable living.

Styrofoam

Today, this thermal insulation material is most popular due to several of its advantages:

• proven effectiveness. Polystyrene foam has low thermal conductivity, which allows it to retain heat well, and low vapor and water permeability, which does not allow liquid to accumulate inside the insulation;
• low cost compared to other materials;
• ease of installation. Polystyrene foam does not require the installation of additional frames; it is attached by gluing to a pre-plastered surface;
• versatility. This material is suitable for both interior and exterior work; it creates a reliable thermal insulation barrier for ceilings, walls, roofs, floors, and ceilings between floors.

Penoplex plates

This material has several names: expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, and is considered a higher quality “relative” of its fellow polystyrene foam.

What distinguishes penoplex from polystyrene foam:

• the fine-cell structure allows for better heat retention and protection from cold penetration;
• increased strength. Under heavy loads, the slabs do not deform, but are easily cut with a knife. Due to its strength, this material is good for use both for insulation from the inside in a private home and for exterior work;
• long service life. The guaranteed period of time during which penoplex will retain its properties is 50 years;
• penoplex is resistant to mold formation, rodents do not like it. In addition, this material does not emit toxic substances when burned, like foam plastic, which gives it an additional advantage for insulating walls indoors;
• To decide how to insulate the wall of your apartment from the inside, it’s worth paying attention to the cost of penoplex. It is higher than the price of polystyrene foam, but quite justified.

Minvata

This type of insulation belongs to the category mineral materials and has been used in construction for quite a long time. Compared to its newer counterparts, it has a number of disadvantages, but due to its effectiveness and low cost, it still remains a fairly popular material.

Features of mineral wool:

• Susceptibility to mechanical damage is a significant drawback. By doing interior work It is important to take into account that glass wool fibers fly apart easily. The master should take this into account and equip himself properly. If you decide to work with the material yourself, do not neglect protective equipment: goggles, a respirator, gloves, as well as clothing that protects the body well. In addition, the owners need to completely empty the insulated room of furniture or objects that can retain glass wool fibers.
• The cost of this material is quite low, which explains the feasibility of its use.
• Compared to polystyrene foam, the thermal conductivity of mineral wool is higher, so it retains heat less well.
• Mounting feature. To install glass wool, it is not necessary to plaster the surface of the insulated wall, but you need to install a frame to fix the material. You also need to provide a layer of vapor barrier. Usually this is a thick film that completely covers the insulation layer. It is tightly attached to the floor, frame and ceiling.
• When insulating with glass wool, more usable area of ​​the room is consumed. That is why mineral wool is the answer to the question: how to insulate the walls inside an apartment.

Thanks to continuous developments, today it is possible to insulate a wall even with plaster. The technology of plastering for the purpose of insulating internal walls is thought out to the smallest detail. Nuances that are important to consider when choosing this method insulation:

• It is necessary to apply 3 layers. The first of which is spray. The liquid solution is applied to the wall in a layer of 5-10mm. This is done to ensure that the material fills all the cracks. The second layer is 50-60 mm and is applied in three stages. This is the longest process, since each subsequent layer is applied after the previous one has dried. Finishing layer Most often it is laid with a thickness of 3-5 mm. Its purpose is to completely level the wall and create a flat surface. The solution for this layer is sand diluted in water, which is rubbed into the base layer.
• The advantage of this type of insulation is durability and resistance to mechanical damage.
• The disadvantage is the higher cost compared to foam plastic and the greater complexity and duration of the work.
• Plastering retains heat weaker compared to foam-type materials.

Polyurethane foam

This type of insulation is a dense foam that is applied directly to the wall by spraying. To work with this material you do not need to carry out additional training walls, just mount the frame and fill it with material. Polyurethane foam is one of the latest developments in the construction industry, which boasts many advantages:

• ease of use. Polyurethane foam is quite easy to work with, even for novice craftsmen. The time required to complete the work is less than when plastering.
• does not require waterproofing, as it does not allow water to pass through and does not get wet like mineral wool.
• low thermal conductivity, as a result, the material retains heat well inside the apartment.
• has good adhesion to any surface, so that it forms one whole with the wall. Can even be applied to the ceiling.
• allows you to insulate walls of any configuration, since the application method does not provide for the formation of seams and cracks.

Cork wallpaper is also a novelty in the field of insulation. Let's look at some aspects:

• environmental friendliness. If you are deciding what is the best way to insulate a room from an environmentally friendly point of view, then this material will completely satisfy you;
• saving usable space. The use of wallpaper will not take away many centimeters from the total area of ​​the room or balcony, since they are relatively thin;
• low ability to retain heat. A plus for saving space is a minus when it comes to thermal insulation characteristics. Due to the fact that the layer is quite thin, it is not enough to fully insulate the building;
• attractive decorative finish;
• ease of use will allow you to insulate the apartment yourself, which in turn will save considerable money.

How to insulate the walls in each specific case depends on the location of the building being insulated, the initial budget, the area of ​​the apartment, minimum temperatures in the cold season and other characteristics. Having familiarized yourself with the characteristics of insulating materials, you can make your home or apartment warm and cozy without the involvement of qualified workers.

Insulating walls from the inside is an unconventional way to protect a building from the cold. It is much more efficient to insulate the walls of an apartment from the outside, but this option is not always available to residents for purely technical reasons. To avoid problems during the subsequent operation of housing, during work you should strictly comply with all technologies and requirements of building regulations. In this regard, before insulating a wall in an apartment from the inside, you should consider in detail all stages of this process.

Advantages and disadvantages

The need for an effectively working thermal insulation layer in the building structure is quite obvious - the better the walls are insulated, the less heat loss will be in the building. winter time of the year. And this, on the one hand, will lead to significant savings on heating the apartment, and on the other hand, it will create a comfortable microclimate in the room.

However, internal insulation the walls of a house entails a number of problems that affect the longevity of the building and the comfort of living in it. These shortcomings stem from the design and technical features of the building and the elementary laws of physics. Among the main disadvantages of insulating walls in an apartment from the inside, the following can be noted.

External walls exposed to cold

One of the main indicators of the durability of any structural material is its frost resistance. This criterion characterizes the ability of a building material to withstand a certain number of freezing/thawing cycles without visible destruction. At the same time, the technology of insulating walls from the inside does not protect them from the effects of seasonal temperature changes, and, as a result, the service life of the building is significantly reduced.

With the external insulation method, the effect on the walls of temperature fluctuations is significantly reduced, which, accordingly, increases the life of the house. In addition, placement heat-insulating material outside the building allows you to create protection from precipitation, aggressive chemical elements and solar radiation.

Dew point offset

Another unpleasant effect that accompanies the insulation of walls from inside an apartment is a shift in the dew point to their internal surfaces under the heat layer insulating material.

The “dew point” is the conditional point of condensation of water vapor contained in the air. This phenomenon occurs when heated air comes into contact with any cold surface.

As for the walls of the building, when they are insulated from the outside, they are heated by internal heating devices, and air passes freely through them, condensing only on the street side. From here, moisture is easily removed, evaporating under the influence of sunlight or wind.

If thermal insulation is installed on the interior side, then the dew point shifts to the inner surfaces of the walls. And this, in turn, causes the occurrence of fungus and mold. And what’s most unpleasant is that this whole process occurs unnoticed by the residents under a layer of insulation and wall decoration.

Detected similar defeat walls mostly by accident when carrying out current repairs, or due to a pronounced putrid odor in the room, therefore, before insulating the walls of the house from the inside, care should be taken to create reliable vapor and waterproofing.

Reducing the volume of premises

Another disadvantage that you should pay attention to before insulating the walls of an apartment from the inside is the reduction in internal space. Depending on the type of insulation and its thermal insulation properties, the length and width of the room will be reduced by 5 - 10, or even more, cm.

Such little things are not so critical for large apartments with an improved layout or country mansions with an area of ​​hundreds of square meters, but for old Khrushchev apartments every square is relevant, so you don’t want to lose them “out of the blue.”

Proper insulation of walls from the inside

Having become familiar with all the shortcomings " internal technologies“, many homeowners will ask the question: “Is it possible to insulate walls from the inside, in principle, or is it better to resort to the external method?” It should be answered right away that internal application thermal insulation has been successfully used for many years.

The main thing here is to produce proper insulation walls to avoid unpleasant consequences. Moreover, this method is sometimes the only possible one. For example, if a cold apartment is located on the upper floors of a high-rise building, and covering the external walls with heat insulation is not possible without the involvement of expensive special equipment or industrial climbers. Almost any home craftsman can insulate walls from the inside with his own hands.

In addition, unauthorized covering of the façade of a building with thermal insulation material may cause a conflict with management company and the architectural committee. According to housing legislation, a tenant apartment building has no right to make any unauthorized changes to appearance building.

In this regard, you should understand in more detail how to properly insulate a wall from the inside. . If it is impossible to do anything to protect load-bearing walls from temperature changes, precipitation and ultraviolet radiation in this case, then it is quite possible to solve the problem with condensation. There are several methods for this that can be used both individually and in combination to achieve greater effect.

1. Creating a vapor barrier membrane or a reliable layer of waterproofing on top of the insulation to prevent moisture from penetrating the inner surface of the walls. In this case, access to moist warm air to the cold external walls of the building will be blocked. But this method has one big drawback - the process of natural gas exchange will be disrupted, which will lead to an excess of moisture in the premises and a lack of oxygen.
2. Using the difference in vapor permeability of structural wall material and heat insulator. In this case, before insulating the walls from the inside, you should familiarize yourself with this coefficient for the walls of the building and the insulation material. The vapor permeability of the wall should be greater than that of the heat insulator. This will allow condensation formed under the insulation to be quickly removed, preventing its significant concentration.
3. Before you insulate the walls from the inside, you need to install an efficient ventilation system. It will allow you to remove saturated steam and carbon dioxide"exhaust" air, replacing it with fresh air. If there is such ventilation system it will be possible to safely waterproof wall surfaces for maximum protection from the effects of condensing moisture.

You can reduce the loss of internal volume of rooms by selecting an insulating material with a minimum thermal conductivity coefficient. This will allow the use of a thinner layer of thermal insulation with similar thermal protection indicators.

Material selection

From the right choice The effectiveness of the thermal insulation layer largely depends on the material, so the question is “what is the best way to insulate walls from the inside?” is by no means idle. Currently, three main groups of insulation materials are used as thermal insulators for internal surfaces:

• Mineral wool.
• Foamed polymers.
• Foil materials.

Mineral insulation

IN this group includes thermal insulation materials made on the basis of mineral wool obtained from glass, stone, and slag. The technology for obtaining mineral wool is as follows:

1. The raw materials are heated to the melting point, after which they are placed in special centrifuge drums.
2. In centrifuges, the molten material is saturated compressed air, resulting in the formation of mineral fibers.
3. Thermal insulation is made from mineral fiber by pressing various densities, in the form of plates or rolls.

pros

The technical characteristics of mineral wool largely depend on its density. The denser the material, the lower the thermal conductivity it has. The most porous types of mineral wool have a mass of 50 kg per cubic meter, and a cubic meter of the densest types can weigh up to 200 kg. Moreover, their thermal conductivity coefficient can vary from 0.04 to 0.07. As insulation for walls inside an apartment, mineral fiber has a number of positive qualities.

• First of all, these are high heat-saving properties. In terms of this quality, mineral fibers are in many ways superior to other types of thermal insulation materials. Thanks to this, mineral insulation allows you to create a reliable protective belt from external temperature fluctuations.
• Ease of installation. Minslabs are attached to the wall surface using mushroom dowels or slats. Before insulating the walls with mineral wool, there is no need to clean and level them, which greatly simplifies the entire work process.
• Ecological cleanliness. No toxic components are used in the manufacture of mineral fiber insulation. Mineral wool is completely safe for the human body, therefore it can be used for internal thermal insulation not only of industrial premises, but also of residential premises.
• Fire resistance. Mineral wool is absolutely non-flammable and can easily withstand heat open flame up to a temperature of 1000 degrees. In this regard, layer mineral insulation can be used as fire protection for wooden walls.
• Noise insulation. In terms of noise absorption coefficient, mineral fibers are in first place among all construction and finishing materials. Walls finished with mineral slabs significantly reduce the noise level inside the premises, which is especially important if the house faces a busy street.

Minuses

In addition to its undeniable advantages, mineral wool also has a number of disadvantages that impose restrictions on the scope of its use. The main disadvantage of this material is the fear of dampness. Fibers tend to absorb moisture from the surrounding air and retain it. At the same time, the mineral wool becomes denser and significantly, tens of times, loses its thermal insulation properties.

Even after the insulation has completely dried, the thermal conductivity coefficient is not restored to its previous limits, so before insulating the walls in the house, you should take care reliable protection a layer of mineral wool from exposure to dampness, especially if insulation is carried out in damp rooms such as a kitchen, bathroom or toilet.

Another disadvantage of mineral wool is the weak adhesion between the individual fibers of the material. As a result of this, when working with it, there is an increased separation of dust and microscopic particles of raw materials, which can have an irritating effect on the skin and mucous membranes.

For this reason, when working with mineral fiber, you should use protective clothing, gloves, goggles and a respirator. Such precautions will help avoid problems such as eye damage, respiratory tract and skin with mineral particles.

Foamed polymers

This group includes several types of thermal insulation materials - polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, polyethylene foam, etc. All of them are obtained by saturating the polymer melt with air or gas. Thus, in the production of the familiar polystyrene foam, round granules filled with air are initially obtained, from which sheets of the desired shape and size are glued together using hot pressing. A more modern type of foam is extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex), which has improved strength and thermal protection. The density of polystyrene foam can be different and reach from 30 to 150 kg per cubic meter.

Among the advantages of expanded polystyrene sheets are:

• Good thermal protection indicator, not inferior to that of mineral wool. The thermal conductivity coefficient of expanded polystyrene is on average 0.05.
• Low weight of material. When covering walls with sheets of foam plastic, it practically does not increase total weight buildings and does not require additional reinforcement of the structure or foundation.
• Budget cost. Polystyrene foam has the most balanced price/quality ratio. The cost of the material depends on its density and linear dimensions leaf.
• Resistance to dampness. Unlike mineral wool, polystyrene foam practically does not absorb water - even when immersed in it, it is able to absorb no more than 2% moisture. At the same time, the material does not lose either its shape or technical qualities.
• Easy to attach. Applicable to polystyrene foam different ways insulation of walls from the inside. It can be attached both to plastic mushroom dowels and to clamps, fastening strips and other devices. Also, sheets of expanded polystyrene are easily attached to walls using various construction materials. adhesive compositions - « liquid nails", tile adhesive, concentrated PVA, etc.

Foam polished tan foam is sprayed directly onto the wall using specialized equipment. However, this method is practically unsuitable for independent use. To obtain polyurethane foam, expensive equipment and special chemical reagents. In addition, you should have the skills to operate this equipment.

The main disadvantage of foamed polymers is their flammability. They are quite flammable and burn with the release of asphyxiating gases, so when decorating walls with such insulation you should Special attention protect them from exposure to open fire.

Foil materials

This category includes insulation materials that “work” on the reflection effect infrared radiation. To do this, any materials, even those that do not initially have heat-shielding properties, are covered with metallized foil. The base for the foil can be polystyrene foam, rolled polyethylene foam, and even ordinary plywood.

The principle of operation of such insulation is based on the principle that a significant amount of thermal energy is lost by transmitting infrared radiation to the walls. Foil is capable of reflecting up to 85-90% of all IR rays from heat-heating devices (furnaces, heating radiators, air heaters), which helps preserve internal heat.

Calculation of insulation thickness

Before insulating the walls in an apartment, a number of calculations should be made. First of all, you should correctly calculate required thickness heat insulating layer. To do this you will need to know two technical indicator: thermal conductivity coefficient of the selected insulation (k) and the required thermal resistance of the walls for the construction region (R).

The first indicator can be found on the packaging by reading technical characteristics material, and the thermal resistance coefficient is given in the summary tables of SNiP “Building Climatology”. It is calculated minimally permissible thickness thermal insulation layer according to the following formula:

δ = Rk, where δ is the thickness of the heat insulator, R is the regional coefficient of thermal resistance, and k is its thermal conductivity. Based on these calculations, the following results can be obtained. The minimum permissible layer of polystyrene foam is about 15 cm for the Moscow region, and from 18 to 23 cm for Siberia. Mineral wool, respectively, is 20 and 30-40 cm, and polyurethane foam is 8 and 12-14 cm.

The video shows how to properly insulate an apartment.

After reading this article, any homeowner will be able to get an idea of ​​how to properly insulate walls from the inside of a room. The main thing in this matter is to comply with the requirements and recommendations of building codes and regulations in order to obtain an effective heat-protective layer for walls.

Both builders and manufacturers of insulation materials argue about whether it is possible to insulate houses from the inside, but everyone agrees that in most cases, walls will not be insulated from the inside. the best solution- if possible, it’s better to do it external thermal insulation Houses. However, if there is no choice, you should carefully study the features and rules for choosing and installing insulation so that the internal thermal insulation is effective, safe and durable. How to insulate the walls of a house from the inside and how to do it?

Indoor walls can be insulated only in cases where the facade of the building cannot be changed or there is no access to the outer surface of the wall. It is recommended to avoid insulating walls from inside the house because it has a number of significant disadvantages:

• The dew point moves indoors. The wall begins to freeze through its entire thickness, the cold meets warm air at the junction of the wall and the insulation, and condensation forms on its surface. It has a lot negative consequences: fungus may develop on a wet wall, effectiveness thermal insulation material decreases, it lags behind the wall, collapses; In addition, the decorative finish deteriorates.
• A frozen wall loses its heat-accumulating properties. It becomes difficult to control the air temperature in the room - it begins to warm up faster due to the operation of heating devices or direct exposure sunlight out the window and cool faster when ventilated.

• It is impossible to provide 100% thermal insulation, since it will not be possible to insulate the walls from the inside over their entire surface - cold bridges will remain at the intersection of the external wall with internal partitions.
• The humidity in the room increases. This, again, contributes to the formation of mold and is generally harmful to health. To ensure good air exchange, you will have to constantly ventilate the apartment, which will lead to increased heating costs.
• The useful area of ​​the apartment decreases - especially if, due to climatic conditions in the region, it is necessary to install a thick layer of insulation for the walls of the house.
• If thermal insulation work is not carried out before starting renovations in the room, it is necessary to dismantle the entire decorative finishing, which complicates the work and makes it more expensive.

The most dangerous consequence of internal thermal insulation is condensation inside the room, which leads to accelerated destruction of walls and damage to finishing materials. This can be partially avoided by accurately calculating the required thickness of the insulation layer and choosing the right material. Thus, insulating a house from the inside is expensive and unsafe, but sometimes unavoidable.

How to avoid condensation

If you still had to do it internal thermal insulation, then before you figure out how to insulate a house from the inside, you need to understand whether negative consequences can be avoided. Dry walls inside the house can be ensured by protecting the area where the dew point forms from moisture.

To do this you need:

• Use a high-quality multi-layer membrane for waterproofing. Plastic film will not work. In addition, it must be laid correctly - overlapping, with sealing of the joints.
• Choose insulation with minimal vapor permeability. If the material from which the walls of the house are made is higher, then the moisture formed between the insulation and the surface of the wall will not condense, but will come out.
• Install the insulation close to the wall. To do this, glue must be applied to it in an even, continuous layer, and not in beacons.

• Provide forced ventilation of the room, as well as install windows with air exchange valves.
• Accurately calculate the thickness of the insulation layer. You cannot rely on average parameters, since it is possible to properly insulate walls only by taking into account all the characteristics of a particular material, room and climatic features region.
• Treat the insulated wall with antifungal and antibacterial agents. You can use a special antiseptic primer. You can start working only after the wall surface is completely saturated and dry.

When insulating an apartment from the inside, it is very important to get rid of all possible cold bridges. They form at the joints of insulation slabs and in those places where the wall connects to ceilings and internal partitions. To improve the efficiency of insulation, it is necessary to lay thermal insulation material extending onto the internal walls, floor and ceiling.

Selection of thermal insulation material and insulation installation technology

Mineral wool

It is not recommended to choose this material, since it will not be effective enough to insulate a wall in an apartment from the inside. However, cotton wool is the easiest to use and cheaper than other options, so they often resort to using it.

Vata exists in two versions:

• rolls;
• basalt slabs.

If there is no other choice, it is better to use cotton wool in the form of slabs - this insulation is denser, has better thermal resistance, and does not settle over time. The rolled variety of cotton wool has too high a vapor permeability rate and absorbs moisture well, so the walls insulated with it will probably get wet. However, there is a possibility of moisture penetrating under the insulation when using slabs with a density of 75 kg/m3 or more. You can reduce the risk of condensation by using good vapor barrier material and installing the insulation correctly.

Insulation from the inside with mineral wool is carried out as follows:

1. At a distance from the wall surface, a frame is constructed from wooden slats or an aluminum profile.
2. The first layer of mineral wool is laid under the frame. It is necessary to glue it to the wall as tightly as possible.
3. The second layer of basalt wool slabs is laid between the frame slats with the joints offset relative to the first layer.
4. A layer of vapor barrier membrane is laid.
5. Drywall is mounted on the frame.

Due to the characteristics of mineral wool, special attention must be paid to vapor barrier when internal insulation of the walls of a house is carried out. Can not use plastic film, a more efficient vapor-tight multilayer membrane is needed. TO wooden frame it can be attached with a stapler, always with an overlap; It is glued to the profile with double-sided tape.

The overlap when laying the membrane should be at least 100 mm, the joints should fall on the frame elements and be securely glued. The vapor barrier should extend to surfaces adjacent to the wall. The places where the membrane comes into contact with surfaces should be additionally sealed. Liquid sealant is applied to a wall, pipe or other structure, then a membrane is pressed to the junction; After the sealant has dried, the membrane is fixed with tape.

High-quality installation will reduce, but will not completely eliminate, the risk of condensation when using mineral wool. It is better to consider other, polymer, types of insulation for walls from the inside.

Expanded polystyrene and EPS

Expanded polystyrene, or foam plastic, is much better suited for insulating walls in an apartment from the inside. This is facilitated by the following characteristics:

• low thermal conductivity due to the presence of air in the cells of the material;
• low vapor permeability and almost no hygroscopicity;
• high strength, including compression and tensile strength;
• small weight;
• Easy to process with your own hands - you can cut the material with a regular knife.

Regular or extruded polystyrene foam of sufficient density, even with a relatively small thickness, will provide sufficient effective thermal insulation premises. It is recommended to choose it not only because of its ease of installation, but also because it can be used to insulate an apartment from the inside most effectively: it does not allow moisture to pass through, so condensation will not appear. The main thing is to properly glue the foam boards, sealing the joints and ensuring a tight fit to the wall.

When using expanded polystyrene for thermal insulation of residential premises, it is important to take into account some of its disadvantages. So, it practically does not protect against noise. In addition, when burned, it releases toxic compounds into the air. Another disadvantage is the high cost of EPS, but this is compensated by the fact that it does not need to be laid vapor barrier membrane, and you definitely won’t have to redo the thermal insulation due to destruction of the insulation, as is the case with improper installation of stone wool.

Polystyrene insulation for walls inside an apartment should have a high density - 25–30 kg/m3. The density can be determined by the marking, which looks like “PSB-S-25”, where 25 means the desired parameter.

Installation of polystyrene foam boards on interior wall carried out as follows:

1. The wall surface is cleaned, primed and dried.
2. Insulation boards are glued in rows with offset joints. It is advisable to use polyurethane glue, which is applied to the entire surface of the polystyrene foam board.
3. Additionally, the plates are fixed with special plastic dowels.
4. The joints are sealed silicone sealant, large gaps are filled with polyurethane foam.
5. Reinforcing fiberglass fabric is overlapped over the insulation. On top of it you can lay plaster for decorative finishing. Another option is to immediately glue drywall instead of reinforcement.

There is another installation method. At the long ends of the PPS slabs, grooves in the form of corners are selected. The two slabs are joined and the seam is sealed. Then it is inserted into the groove wooden plank. The resulting structure is fixed to the wall using self-tapping screws. This method is more convenient, since insulating the room in this case can be done faster and more economically. In addition, the boards can be used as a frame for attaching drywall.

Should we consider other options?

There are more modern insulation materials for interior walls - polyurethane foam, thermal insulation plaster, foamed polyethylene and even ceramic-based thermal paint. Among them, only the first material is worthy of attention; other options are actually of little use for insulating an apartment from the inside. Polyurethane foam is ordinary foam, similar to mounting foam, which is applied to the surface to be insulated using a special sprayer.

The good thing about the material is that it reliably adheres to any surface, penetrates into all cracks, is monolithic and vapor-tight. It hardens quickly and does not form any cold bridges. However, polyurethane foam is quite expensive, and you won’t be able to work with it yourself.

Thus, if you need to insulate walls from the inside, it is best to use expanded polystyrene. This heat insulator has the most suitable characteristics, and installing it yourself is not difficult. If the insulation technology is followed, it will effectively protect the house from the cold.