What is a SIP panel? Advantages and disadvantages of the material. Standard sizes of sip panels Wall thickness of houses made of sip panels

SIP panels(sandwich panel) is one of the types of laminated panels, arranged like a “sandwich”, in which a layer of heat-insulating material is located between two of the same size wood boards; designed for the construction of low-rise buildings for residential, public and industrial purposes (cottages, clinics, shopping pavilions, cafes, hotels, change houses, warehouses, garages).

What are SIP panels made of?

SIP is an abbreviation for Structural Insulated Panel, which is usually translated into the meaningless expression Structural Thermal Insulation Panel. A more detailed translation allows you to immediately understand the purpose of SIP panels: structural means “structural, construction”, the phrase structural panel - load-bearing element, add insulate (insulate) and we get the idea of ​​a sandwich panel as a complex building product capable of absorbing loads and providing sound and heat insulation.

This definition is suitable, in fact, for many types of laminated panels: with sheets of steel, aluminum, asbestos cement, foil, magnesite, etc., but the term is assigned to panels with outer layers of wood materials:

• oriented- particle board OSB or Oriented Strand Board (OSB)
• fiberboard Green Board
• plasterboard sheet
• gypsum fiber sheet
• plywood

Foam plastics are used as an internal heat-insulating layer:

• expanded polystyrene
• urethane foam (polyurethane foam or polyisocyanurate)
• phenol-formaldehyde foam FRP-1 (mainly in enclosing panels)
• basalt mineral wool (rare)

In addition to the function of insulation, the middle layer performs a structural task - it rigidly fastens the facing slabs strictly parallel to each other, thereby strengthening the entire panel.

By now the most the best option recognized for the production of SIP panels combination of OSB class 3 and polystyrene foam PSB-S (with fire retardant).

OSB-3 is a moisture-resistant particle board with strengthening orientation of wood particles (shavings or chips). Expanded polystyrene is one of the most effective insulation materials- 10 cm of thermal insulation replaces 2 meters brickwork or 50 cm of wood. Being in an almost airless space (the seams between the SIP panels are sealed), this foam does not lose its heat-protective and strength properties for many years. Fire retardant turns it into a fire-resistant grade, which, when heated, evaporates without emitting harmful gases, and self-extinguishes after the ignition source is removed.

Manufacturers are developing their own technical specifications on the SIP panel or are guided by existing ones, for example, TU 5366-001-54083838-2006 "Multilayer panels", as well as various state standards depending on the components used:

• GOST 10632-2007 "Wood-chip boards"
• GOST 8928-81 "Fibrolite slabs based on Portland cement"
• GOST R 51829-2001 "Gypsum fiber sheets"
• GOST 15588-86 "Polystyrene foam boards"
• GOST 22546-77 "Thermal insulation products made from foam plastic FRP-1"
• GOST 9573-96 "Plates from mineral wool thermal insulation on a synthetic binder"

Classification of SIP panels and manufacturing technology

In terms of shape, SIP panels fully comply with the description common to all types of panels - they are a flat, large-sized element, the length and width of which significantly exceeds the thickness. The difference is that external slabs With end sides protrude above the polystyrene foam layer (usually 50 mm), forming a groove along the entire length of the end. Such design feature necessary for fixing panels on strapping beams during the construction of walls, ceilings or roofs.

Basic dimensions, mm:

• Length 2500, 2800
• Width 625, 1250
• Thickness 110, 120, 170, 200, 220, 270

including expanded polystyrene 100-250 and OSB 10-12

SIP panels thickness up to 120-124 mm applicable for internal partitions And external walls in one-story buildings; over 124 mm- external walls, partitions, floors, interfloor ceilings, roofing.

Production of sandwich panels with mineral wool, expanded polystyrene or FRP-1 comes down to bonding the inner and outer layers using glue and cold pressing (pressure 30 tons per m²). Urethane foams are called casting foams, because they are not used in the form of slabs ready for gluing, but are poured between linings fixed parallel to each other, where they foam and harden.

Characteristics of SIP panels

Advantages

• Level strength structures made from SIP panels allow houses to withstand hurricanes, earthquakes and others natural disasters;
• Using SIP panels with PSB reduces energy consumption 2 times compared to brick and concrete buildings and provides the opportunity for additional savings on the installation of less powerful heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems;
• Thanks to such high energy efficiency, houses built using SIP technology don't need additional insulation , if seasonal temperature fluctuations range from -50 to +50°C;
• You can purchase at once the entire set of panels needed to build a house: for external and internal walls, floors, roofing, as well as lumber and other elements;
• Easy to assemble - if desired, having it on hand project documentation, you can assemble the house yourself;
• Assembly of a house with an area of ​​120-150 m² on a pre-prepared foundation will take 10-15 days, full cycle construction (with finishing) - approx. three months;
• Installation can be done at any time of the year and without the use of heavy special equipment- the weight of 1 m² of a panel with a thickness of 164-224 mm is 18-20 kg;
• The low weight of the structures allows the device economical shallow foundation;
• The use of high-quality raw materials and strict adherence to manufacturing technology will ensure environmental safety and long service life- 100 years or more.

Disadvantages of SIP panels

• Mandatory use ventilation system;
• Ambiguity of opinions and information about a new material for Russia on key issues: strength and durability of SIP panels, environmental friendliness, stability of properties over time.

Transportation

SIP panels can be delivered to the construction site either in packaged form (pallets, film, fixing tape), or simply stored in vehicle, and it must be closed, of rigid construction, dry and clean.

Highlight:

• Exterior walls Houses. They must be warm to protect against the cold.
• Load-bearing walls. They must be strong to bear the weight of the house. Load-bearing walls can be external and internal.
• Partitions. These are interior interior walls, which do not bear the load. The peculiarity of partitions is that they can be made at any time. At the finishing stage, for example. Partitions can be disassembled, moved, etc. It is dangerous to do this with load-bearing walls. A structural strength specialist should be consulted.

Bay window(German Erker) - part protruding from the plane of the facade premises. Allows you to increase the interior space of your home, and also improve its illumination and insolation, and therefore bay window usually glazed, often around the entire perimeter:

Gable or tongs- this is a triangular attic wall or part of the attic wall limited by the roof slopes:

Platform build is a method of building houses where walls are installed on overlap (zero and interfloor):

If the SIP walls of a house are erected on a ceiling (platform), then the height of the ceilings of future rooms will be equal to the length of the SIP wall panels.

For the walls of the first floor, SIP panels with a length of 2.8 m (Euro size) are often used, and for the second floor - 2.5 m. North America the most common size 2.44 m (8 ft) is considered standard height floors of a residential building.

During platform assembly, the first operation of wall installation is the installation of the lower frame of SIP walls on the ceiling. The strapping is a guide for the walls. This is a board of appropriate width onto which SIP wall panels are strung. For SIP walls with a thickness of 174 mm, we use a 150x50 mm board. For walls made of SIP 224 mm and 124 mm - board 200x50 mm and 100x50 mm, respectively. The strapping must be made of boards chamber drying , otherwise there will be gaps.

"Pie" SIP at home pile-screw foundation(from bottom to top): screw pile, cap, waterproofing, antiseptic piping beam 200x200 mm, zero ceiling made of SIP 224 mm, wall made of SIP 174 mm.

Exterior walls

In a SIP house, the external walls are assembled only from SIP panels.

The thickness of the external walls is 174 mm - a generally accepted Russian standard, which covers the regulatory requirements of SNiP 23-02-2003 for thermal protection of residential buildings.

We also do thicker walls quite often. The thickness of the external walls is 224 mm - another step towards a passive house (which does not require heating).

The joints of SIP wall panels are made according to the tongue-and-groove pattern on a timber rack. The joining beam is manufactured at the factory from lumber of forced chamber drying. This protects the walls from the formation of cracks at the joint.

New technical solution- assembly of external walls from SIP panels on a durable thermal beam, today it is being tested at Hotwell production and construction sites. The joint of SIP panels on thermal beams does not have a cold bridge, which increases the energy efficiency of the structure.

Reading time ≈ 4 minutes

Nowadays, during the construction of residential buildings and country cottages All more attention pay attention to efficiency, environmental friendliness and speed of construction of structures. An excellent material and one of the leaders in terms of performance indicators and installation time are SIP panels or SIP (Structural Insulated Panel).

Thanks to its modern technology production and competent combination of several building materials, they allow you to create robust construction for creating walls and ceilings with high thermal insulation rates.

What is a SIP panel?

The material is a structurally insulated panel in the form of a briquette with the ability to cut a part of any shape from it. The panel composition consists of two main components. This external protection, made of OSB and internal filler in the form of expanded polystyrene. In turn, OSB coating is made from wood shavings, compressed under high pressure, which perfectly protects the insulation located inside the SIP panel. Expanded polystyrene used in manufacturing building structure has increased rigidity, which makes it possible to produce panels with high strength.

Two sheets of OSB and a sheet of expanded polystyrene are joined together using the gluing method in a factory. It is production in factories that makes it possible to create optimal conditions to perform gluing. High pressure, during gluing ensures the solidity of the panel and long term operation without delamination. At the factory, it is possible to produce standard standard slabs and special slabs of individual shape for each project.

Regarding the thickness of the SIP panel itself and the thickness of the OSB protective sheet, they may vary depending on the needs of the application site. Standard panel thickness varies from 60 to 224 millimeters, depending on the thermal insulation and strength needs of the wall or ceiling being built. Typically, SIP panels with the greatest width are used for external walls and ceilings, where they will provide maximum thermal insulation and strength.

Panel installation

All panels manufactured at the factory are immediately provided with an installation process with mounting grooves along the edges.

The panels are fastened together using a timber method with fixation with self-tapping screws, which ensures reliable and durable fastening.

All seams between panels will have less thermal insulation properties, therefore, foam is used to reduce thermal conductivity. The foam perfectly fills all the cracks, between SIPs and is guaranteed to eliminate cold seams.

Properties of SIP panels

Thanks to the use of polystyrene foam in the design, the panel has very low thermal conductivity, which allows the construction of thermos rooms. This property of SIP panels has been successfully used in the USA and Canada for about 60 years, making it possible to produce rooms insulated from the external temperature. Full thermal insulation will significantly reduce the cost of heating or air conditioning, making it more economically profitable.

The first time, when faced with the technology, one gets the impression of the low strength of such a panel, because individually each of the SIP components has low strength compared to brick or concrete. But in fact, formed and pressed SIP has high specifications, allowing to fully satisfy the needs of any residential building. In repeated experiments, the panel showed the absence of deformation and destruction, with a lateral load of 2 tons and a longitudinal load of up to 10 tons. The longitudinal strength indicators are especially important, allowing the panel to be used as load-bearing walls for the construction of buildings of several floors.

Technical characteristics of SIP panels

• thermal conductivity of the material is 0.039 W/(m*K);
• self-burning time no more than 4 seconds;
• has no odor, does not contain substances that pollute the environment;
• operating temperature range from -180 to +80 °C;
• water absorption when completely immersed in water is no more than 3% of the mass per hour.

When searching for ready-made frame and energy-efficient solutions for building a house, information is increasingly being found about the use of SIP panels for quick and less costly construction of buildings. Advertising is replete with statements that houses made from SIP panels are more economical and at the same time they are superior to standard solutions made of brick and concrete. Is it so? It's worth taking a closer look.

What is a SIP panel and why is it needed?

This one is interesting and universal material used in construction during the construction frame structures. In essence, SIP is a structural insulating panel consisting of a layer of insulation, covered on both sides with OSB sheets. The layers are connected to each other using polyurethane glue, under external pressure of a press of 18 tons. Oriented strand board consists of several layers of wood chips that are bonded together using resins. This material is gradually replacing the usual chipboards due to its strength and some degree of elasticity. Foamed plastic, better known as polystyrene foam, is used as insulation. Due to the fact that it is easy to produce and conducts heat poorly, this material is an excellent insulation material.

Houses built using this technology are often called “Canadian”, since it was from the harsh climate of Canada that this method came to our market. Despite the fact that this method of quick construction has been around for several decades, it is still met with hostility. It is worth noting that people tend to be distrustful, especially of such seemingly fragile material. Brick still remains the priority choice in the eyes of many consumers, despite the fact that it is by no means ideal and has a number of disadvantages. While we still have a strong distrust of SIP panels, practical Americans and Europeans create entire associations that help beginners in word and deed, and in addition are able to give practical recommendations on construction. SIP panels, the photo of which well illustrates their simplicity, will become excellent choice if desired, quickly and without extra costs build a house.

Main advantages and disadvantages

Of course, any technology has both its advantages and disadvantages. The main advantages are in the areas of convenience and the comfort received. Projects made from SIP panels will become smart choice, since the buildings being erected have the following advantages:

• Thermal insulation of slabs. Canadian houses They are distinguished by the best degree of thermal insulation, in comparison with which brick is noticeably inferior. According to experts, to achieve the same low loss coefficient for brick, a wall thickness of at least 2.5 m will be required, given that standard thickness panels 17 cm.

• Excellent sound insulation. Despite the thickness of the panel, polystyrene foam prevents the penetration of noise from the street well.
• A light weight general design. 1 m2 of panel has an average weight of 15-20 kg, depending on the thickness. For example, a similar area of ​​brickwork can easily exceed half a ton. This leads to the following advantage: houses made of SIP panels do not need a powerful and expensive foundation; for the Canadian type, a shallow strip foundation is sufficient.
• Short construction time. Structures made from SIP panels are built in a matter of weeks. For example, a two-story country cottage with total area 50 m2 is built “turnkey” in 3 weeks.
• Construction can be carried out at any time of the year; according to this criterion, SIP panels have no restrictions.
• Due to the light weight of the panels, they are easy to transport and unload, which allows you to significantly save on delivery and loader services.
• The panels are resistant to aggressive influences external environments, including biological ones. For example, such as mold or mildew.
• SIP panels, the price for which starts from $25 per m2, will become an excellent alternative other building materials, both in terms of cost and ease of construction.
• Due to their environmental friendliness and health safety, SIP panels are used for installation in any type of building; they do not leave behind construction waste and do not emit allergenic substances.
• Easy to install panels. They do not require special skills or equipment. Any work, from the construction of a small extension to the construction of a cottage with several floors, in fact, requires only the presence of the panels themselves, screws, polyurethane foam and a set of basic simple tools.

Tests have shown that SIP panels have significant mechanical strength, which can withstand longitudinal and lateral loads well. Indicators of 10 tons per m2 for longitudinal and 2 tons for transverse floors are a convincing factor.

The list of advantages of SIP panels is very convincing. However, it also has some disadvantages, sometimes overblown by supporters of brick and concrete:

• flammability,
• environmental hazard,
• resistance to rodents.

Many buyers are primarily concerned about the fire resistance of SIP panels, since OSB boards are 90% wood. However, there is no reason to worry as they are being processed special means called a fire retardant. As a result of its use, the fire resistance of the slab increases up to 7 times compared to ordinary wood. Expanded polystyrene used in such panels has self-extinguishing properties, so even when exposed to open flame on the material, the flame does not spread to adjacent structures.

From an environmental point of view, the material does not pose a danger to humans. Adhesive components certainly emit harmful volatile compounds into the atmosphere, but their quantity is not capable of causing harm to health.

Now it is important to consider the rodent problem. As you know, they are able to enter a home in different ways. There is a concern that polystyrene foam will become a favorable environment for rodents to enter. However, such a problem was not noticed due to the fact that the insulation material is covered on both sides with boards and OSB boards. Resin-impregnated shavings provide a good barrier against pests because the material has sufficient strength. The insulation is inedible and for this reason is not of interest to rodents.

In the event that SIP panels are used to construct buildings not using “Canadian” technology, but as building materials for cladding frame structures, it is worth remembering that some other disadvantages will also appear:

• Drafts are often observed at joints. This drawback is easily eliminated with the help of mounting tape and is irrelevant for “Canadian” houses.
• In the absence of insulation, individual areas begin to freeze.
• Condensation accumulates at the junction of the slabs and the frame, which will lead to the appearance of joint defects.
• There is a possibility of cosmetic damage to the slab due to careless transportation or cutting. In this case, you will need to cover the scratches protective layer primers.

Another drawback, which is sometimes overly emphasized, is the presence of toxic formaldehydes and phenols, which were widely used in the production of chipboards. However, this problem is not significant, since the amount of substance used in production is that does not exceed the limits established by sanitary safety in class E1.

Characteristics of sandwich panels

Thermal engineering calculations of the wall panel showed that with a thickness of the polystyrene foam layer of 100 mm, the heat transfer resistance of the slabs is 2.8 W/mC, which corresponds to the standards adopted by SNiP. In the same case, if a slab with a thickness of 224 mm is used, the indicator reaches a value of 5.2 W/mC. For example, the indicators of wood beams with brick cladding are 1 W/Mos, 400 mm of brick in combination with 80 mm of mineral wool as insulation and a layer of lining reaches 2.02 W/Mos.

As you can see, a construction SIP panel with a thickness of 224 mm is noticeably superior to other materials in terms of providing thermal insulation, which in the future will significantly reduce the cost of heating in winter and air conditioning a house in summer.

Calculated indicators of SIP panels in terms of providing sound insulation showed that even with minimum thickness at 120 mm the mark of 44 dB is reached. At optimal thickness wall panels at 224 mm, the sound insulation of the room reaches 75 dB, which is one and a half times higher than similar indicators for other building materials.

Types of insulation used

They are used as a sealant and thermal insulation. the following types materials:

• mineral wool,
• expanded polystyrene,
• fiberglass,
• polyurethane foam,

Expanded polystyrene has become the most popular. This material has a cellular structure and demonstrates the following advantages:

Due to the light weight of expanded polystyrene, the installation of panels and the construction of a building from them takes record time, which is why this material is so loved by builders and is used as the main type of insulation.

Mineral wool is good because, like expanded polystyrene, it provides excellent heat and soundproofing properties, and is resistant to external aggressive environments, including high temperature. Its disadvantages are the effect on human skin upon contact with open areas body, which causes discomfort and severe itching. Work on installing panels and cutting them must be carried out carefully so that particles of cotton wool do not enter the respiratory tract.

Fiberglass is used extremely rarely, and as its main advantage it offers excellent sound absorption rates, often reaching 90 dB. However, poor resistance to heat, when the material begins to deform already at +40°C, has not ensured its popularity.

First of all, it is important to remember, and if necessary, constantly remind yourself: “quality doesn’t come cheap.” Most of the problems that arise when purchasing SIP slabs are due to wrong choice towards cheapness.

The primary problem that arises when purchasing slabs from an unscrupulous manufacturer is the use of low-quality glue. There have been cases when, during production, glue was applied unevenly to the surface of the insulation, moreover, in simple stripes by hand. As a result, the OSB layer is easily separated from the insulation when exposed to some force.

The second, often common problem, especially inherent in domestic and Chinese manufacturers, is the use of low-quality polystyrene foam, which easily burns, while releasing harmful particles. It's important to remember that quality material does not propagate combustion and is self-extinguishing.

From the above, it makes sense to highlight several useful tips that will help you with your selection and purchase:

• Before ordering a batch, it is advisable to personally verify its quality,
• there is no need to chase cheapness, since in this case “the miser pays twice”, and not everyone can afford to order a second home,
• slabs must be ordered directly from the manufacturer or from reputable dealers,
• It is advisable to request the option of payment on delivery, in extreme cases an advance payment. Firms with a low reputation often require 100% prepayment. The factor “money in the morning, chairs in the evening” in this case will work against the buyer.

In general, it is necessary to note that even high-quality German manufacturers make allowances for errors in the dimensions of the slabs. However, it is a generally accepted fact that High Quality The Egger concern is distinguished by its products, followed by Glunz with a small gap. Both manufacturers have a high reputation, confirmed by more than one decade, and thanks to them, SIP panels, which can easily be purchased at any construction market, will delight you with their quality and reliability.

They are widely used in the construction of low-rise buildings for domestic, public and housing needs. They are used to build small shops, cafes, warehouses, and garages. The largest residential buildings using them are two-story with an attic. Knowing the dimensions of the sip panels, they calculate required amount material.

Method of production of products

Building structures have a sandwich structure: a heat-insulating layer is placed between two sheets. They, in fact, can be made of any material, but the term SIP panel stuck to the products outer layer which are made of wood. To be precise, it does not apply pure wood, and sheets produced on its basis.

These include:

• oriented strand boards, which are abbreviated as OSB;
• plasterboard sheets;
• fiberboard slabs;
• plywood;
• gypsum fiber sheets.

Various foams are used as internal filler:

• expanded polystyrene;
• urethane foam;
• phenol-formaldehyde.

Occasionally, mineral wool is used as insulation for vulture panels.

The middle layer not only insulates, it firmly ties the entire structure together. Thanks to it, the slabs are positioned strictly parallel to the given dimensions. This single weak material enhances SIP.

Practice has shown that the most a successful combination is the use of class 3 OSB boards with expanded polystyrene. Wood shavings or chips external material oriented in such a way that the strength of the sheet increases. Expanded polystyrene is one of the most effective heat-insulating materials. All components of construction products comply with GOST.

The inner and outer layers of the sandwich are held together with glue during cold pressing. SIP panels with polyurethane are manufactured using a slightly different technology. According to GOST, urethane foam is poured between fixed slabs and hardens there.

Waterproofing for sip panels is ensured by waterproof treatment of the slabs during manufacturing. To give additional protection to the external walls of the house, use various technologies, the simplest of which is painting. Roofing materials are used to enhance the waterproofing of the roof slab.

Standards

The shape of products from any manufacturer is the same - this is an element large sizes, which are much larger in length and width than in thickness. The ends of the SIP protrude above the insulating layer. The formed groove serves for fixation. Fastening the ceiling or SIP sandwiches to the floor is carried out in the same way.

The industry produces standard products, focusing on GOST. Also construction companies technical specifications are being developed for own production. The components used in the manufacture of SIPs comply with GOST.

Sizes vary. The most widely used basic SIPs are:

• length 2500-2800 mm;
• width 625-1250 mm;
• the thickness of the panels have fixed indicators in accordance with GOST.

The dimensions of manufactured products are determined by their purpose. SIP panels are used for walls, roofing, and ceilings. Basic ones are used during construction vertical structures Houses. For roofing or ceilings, panels with a width equal to half basic.

The thickness of the product in accordance with GOST also determines its purpose. For one-story house used as a material for external walls and partitions SIP, which have a thickness of 120-124 mm. Thicker ones are used for interfloor covering, roof, floors and walls of a two-story house.

The design of sip panels is intended to be a wall structure that can withstand longitudinal loads. Use for flooring is due to its good bending strength. For greater rigidity, beams are used. In this case, floor and interfloor ceilings become even stronger.

GOST, in addition to dimensions, defines other minimum standards for SIP panels:

• strength;
• thermal conductivity.

Undoubted advantages building material allow you to effectively use it for building a house.