Children about space and astronauts. Educational material about space for older children
That was a long time ago! In one kingdom there lived an Astrologer.
The king built it for him high tower, to the very top of which a thousand steps of a steep spiral staircase led.
Every evening the Astrologer climbed these steps and watched the stars and constellations through a telescope.
He perfectly studied the starry sky and skillfully made maps that helped sailors and travelers not go astray.
The astrologer observed the Sun and Moon for many years, knew how to predict solar and lunar eclipses, and determined when a lean year would come.
Once a week he went to the royal palace, where the young king received him with constant respect and honor. The astrologer was treated to the best wines from the royal cellar and treated to delicacies brought from overseas countries. And I must tell you that the Astrologer loved to eat deliciously!
After a hearty meal, the king asked the Astrologer about his observations of the stars, because they helped to skillfully rule the country. Then the Astrologer went home.
His small white house with a red roof stood at the foot of the tower and was surrounded by a wonderful garden where rose bushes bloomed, grapes decorated the fence, and dark green ivy climbed along the walls of the house.
“Very beautiful and cozy!” - you will say and, of course, you will be right.
The astrologer would be completely alone if it were not for his young friend Henri, whom he took in when the boy’s parents died. The astrologer loved him as his own son, raised him, taught him to read and write.
Henri became attached to the wise, kind Astrologer with all his soul.
During the day he helped Astrologer with housework and looked after the garden. And at night, when he grew up a little, he began to climb the tower to help the old man observe stars, comets and asteroids, and in doing so showed extraordinary abilities!
Things were going well in the kingdom, and only one circumstance darkened the life of the young king and queen: they had no children!
The king dreamed of a son - the heir to the throne, and the queen often dreamed of a sweet, charming daughter.
One day the old Astrologer fell ill: his legs hurt, and he could not, no matter how hard he tried, climb the thousand steep steps of the tower. Henri tried to console the poor Astrologer, made him tea with medicinal herbs, sat him down in a soft chair, and wrapped his sore legs in a warm blanket.
- I will climb the tower alone today and make observations, and also do everything necessary calculations! - the young man said decisively. - You rest and get better. No need to worry. Everything will be fine.
- Oh, dear Henri! - the old Astrologer said sadly. - Today is the first time in long years I won’t climb the tower, I won’t see the starry sky: neither the Great and Ursa Minor, neither the blue Polaris, nor distant Sirius, nor the brightest Vega from the constellation Lyra. You know, my dear boy,” he continued, “sometimes it seems to me that the stars have become dear to me, they twinkle and tremble, I see their distant light and feel that they, as if alive, are whispering something to me. I'm so used to them! But I believe, son, that you will cope with everything no worse than me...
The poor fellow bowed his head on his chest and dozed off in soft chair by the fireplace. Maybe he dreamed of the starry sky. And Henri quickly climbed the steep steps of the stairs and found himself at the very top of the tower.
As soon as the young man looked at the telescope, he heard a quiet crackling sound. He turned around and saw that a huge, transparent, emerald-blue ball, glowing from within, was approaching the open glass terrace of the tower.
The ball hung in the air near the tower, its radiance faded, and Henri noticed unclear shadows inside the ball. The young man froze in amazement.
Suddenly the door of the ball opened and a beautiful golden-haired girl came out. She smiled. Following her from magic ball the young man came out. Slender, tall, they were wrapped in light, shimmering silky clothes; their heads were adorned with golden crowns sparkling with large precious stones.
— Good evening, answered the stunned Astrologer student.
- We are twins, we flew to you from the distant constellation Gemini to tell you good news! Know that the royal couple will soon have children: a boy and a girl - twins.
Henri's heart began to beat with joy. He listened to the aliens, trying not to miss a word.
“We have been watching your country for a long time, we like both your fair king and the hardworking, resilient people, whom he wisely rules,” the young man continued. - As a gift to the newborn twins and all your people, we will leave our spaceship - this sparkling ball. When the children turn 10 years old, you and them can take a trip around the solar system on it - get to know the Moon, Sun, Venus, Mars and other planets better. Let people recognize the structure solar system!
- The journey will only take you one night! After all, our spaceship is rushing through space at great speed,” added the alien beauty.
- But how to control this ball? - Henri asked.
- Very simple! - she answered. - Let's go into it.
The alien youth opened the door and all three stepped inside the spaceship. There was a smell of some amazing incense here, everything sparkled and shimmered, like crystal illuminated by a bluish light.
Henri noticed three comfortable chairs. Touching them, the young man felt that they were soft, as if made from sheep's down.
“Here is the control panel,” said the alien, showing Anri a small remote control on which metal buttons gleamed.
He explained to Henri how to fly the starship. It turned out to be so simple that anyone could handle the controls!
“But I want to warn you,” the girl entered the conversation, “never press the red button!” Otherwise, the interplanetary spacecraft may leave the solar system and fly into endless outer space. If something unexpected happens to you, call us for help immediately! In less than a few minutes, we will be nearby and help you out of any trouble,” the girl finished. “Here’s an emergency call,” she pointed to the blue button.
- Thank you! Thank you so much, dear twins. I am very excited about your appearance, your extraordinary story, and the opportunity to be outside the Earth. It all looks like a wonderful dream! Maybe I'm really dreaming?!
Henri closed his eyes, rubbed his eyes and shook his head. But the glowing ball and the aliens did not disappear. The twins looked at the young man and smiled, reassuring him with gestures. He felt that a wave of some warm, soft and kind light was emanating from them.
At this moment, Henri felt ashamed of his bad manners! The aliens brought good news to the king and queen, presented the earthlings with their spaceship, but he did not even invite the aliens to sit down, did not treat them to aromatic coffee, which he always took with him to the tower to drive away sleep.
Henri decided to immediately correct his mistake and invited the young man and girl to have a cup of coffee with delicious cheesecakes, but they refused.
“Understand, dear Henri,” said the young man, “we flew from another world.” We never drink or eat anything like people do. And only light gives us the energy of life.
- Light?! - Henri was surprised.
- Well, yes! The light of the Sun, the light of even the most distant stars nourishes us and gives us strength to live. Now we have taken on the appearance of earthly people in order to become clearer and closer to you. But we can take on any image: a flower, a butterfly, rays of light... Look, look!
The girl spun around so quickly that Henri’s eyes started to blur; shimmering clothes enveloped her from head to toe for a second.
And suddenly Henri saw a beautiful green chrysanthemum instead of a girl. He wanted to touch her fragile petals, extended his hand, but felt nothing.
And the flower spun and disappeared. Instead, a beam of light slid across the floor.
Henri froze, amazed at the miracle he saw.
The young alien hastened to reassure him:
“Sister has turned into a ray of light, now I will also become a ray, and we will leave you.” It's time for us to return to the constellation Gemini. We always travel in space in the form of rays, so we don’t need a starship. It will stay with you.
- Farewell, we wish you good luck and happiness!
The aliens disappeared - two thin rays of light seemed to melt into the blue darkness of the night.
Henri stood silently for several seconds, then looked around and saw that a huge transparent ball, flickering faintly, was hanging in the air near the tower.
“We need to quickly tell the Astrologer about everything,” the young man thought and quickly, jumping over the steps, ran down.
The astrologer was fast asleep. Although Henri was sorry to wake the old man, he still had to disturb his sleep. He lit several bright candles, and the Astrologer reluctantly opened his eyes, then looked at the student in surprise.
“Did something happen, Henri?” - he asked. - What time is it now?
- Three o'clock in the morning, dear teacher. I woke you up because aliens from the constellation Gemini have just visited our tower. They left us their starship!
“I don’t understand anything,” muttered the old man. — What aliens? What starship? Maybe you're sick and delirious? Or am I delusional?
- No no! Dear Stargazer, none of us are delusional! Everything happened in reality, not in a dream. If you could overcome the steps and climb the tower, you would see with your own eyes the huge glowing ball of the starship.
“Okay,” said the Astrologer, finally waking up, “tell me about everything in order.” Just don't rush, don't miss anything! And please make some stronger coffee!
Henri told the Astrologer everything, leaving nothing out. He took a sip of hot, strong coffee and thought for a long time, and then said:
“Once I saw a huge luminous ball. He flew up to the tower. Some vague shadows flashed inside him. The ball hovered near the tower for a while and then disappeared into the darkness. I thought that all this was just my imagination, since I was very tired from sleepless nights and work. But now I understand what's going on! The aliens wanted to convey information specifically to you, Anri! After all, you are young, full of strength, health, and in ten years you will be able to make an interplanetary journey. And I, unfortunately, am already old and sick! And yet I want to see the spaceship with my own eyes - no matter what it costs me, I’ll climb the tower!
Henri did not dissuade the Astrologer, and together they, step by step, began to climb to the top of the tower.
The old Astrologer walked slowly, he was tormented by shortness of breath, his legs did not obey the old man, but he did not give up. Henri supported him as best he could. It took a long time before they reached the top platform of the tower.
The transparent ball of the starship was still hanging near the terrace.
- Yes, this is the same ball that I saw one night.
The astrologer sat down in a chair. He studied the alien aircraft for a long time and carefully, then said to the young man:
- Henri! It's already dawn! I think you should go to the royal palace and tell the king everything. I'll write a note so the guards will let you through.
Early in the morning, Henri came to the palace and asked the guards to let him see the king. He gave the Astrologer's note to the chief of the guard. The young man was immediately taken to the royal chambers, and he told the king about the visit, the aliens, and that the royal couple would soon have children: a boy and a girl - twins.
The king's joy knew no bounds.
Henri told the king about the wonderful spaceship, and talked about the journey that would take place when the twins turned 10 years old. After all, in 10 years a “parade of planets” is expected, when the planets, as if on command, will line up in one row. Henri did not forget to tell the king about the illness of the old Astrologer.
The alarmed king immediately ordered his best healers to go to the Astrologer and start treating him.
Time passed, and in due course the queen gave birth to twins - a lovely boy and a girl. The girl was named Marie, and the boy Alexander.
In honor of the birth of the children, the king threw a magnificent ball in the palace, which was attended by kings from neighboring states. The king did not forget to invite the old Astrologer, who faithfully served him all his life, and Henri, who brought the good news to the king. He rewarded them both generously. The astrologer was awarded an order in the form of a star studded with large diamonds. And so that the old Astrologer would not get bored in his cozy house at the foot of the tower, the king gave him a cheerful funny monkey named Mickey.
The monkey soon got used to the old man, loved to ride on his shoulder and feast on roasted chestnuts in sugar. In Mickey's garden there were swings, carousels, colorful balls and toys so that the little one wouldn't get bored when the Stargazer wrote his book about the starry sky.
Henri received a precious ring as a gift from the king.
All the court ladies dreamed of dancing at a ball with a young man and hearing first-hand an amazing story about aliens and their spaceship.
Cheerful music sounded in the streets and squares of the cities. The musicians tried their best: fiery melodies replaced one another. People danced and had fun with all their hearts. And the tables placed everywhere were laden with food.
The holiday was a great success!
Several years flew by unnoticed. Marie and Alexander have grown up. They often came to visit the old Astrologer and listened to his fascinating stories about the starry sky, looked at maps that depicted constellations.
The royal children also became friends with Henri. They climbed the tower with him, looked at the magical transparent ball with curiosity and looked forward to the day when they would fly on it.
Finally the twins turned 10 years old.
In the evening, Henri, Marie and Alexander, accompanied by the king, queen and a retinue of courtiers, climbed the tower. Even the Astrologer, who by this time had become a decrepit old man, was carried by servants on a stretcher to the very top of the tower. Ahead of them, Mickey the monkey was jumping up the steps. During this time, she managed to become friends with the royal children, especially with Marie, who always brought her treats in a golden bag.
When it got dark and the stars sparkled in the sky, and full moon I looked out the window between the clouds; the spaceship lit up with emerald-blue light from inside. This meant that he was ready to fly.
The king and queen kissed the children.
Henri walked up to the spaceship and opened the door, inviting them inside. Marie and Alexander sat down on soft seats located next to each other.
Henri took a place in front of the control panel. The old Stargazer was about to slam the door, but at that moment Mickey jumped off his shoulder and jumped onto Marie’s lap, hugged her with her paws and pressed herself against the girl.
- Mickey wants to fly with us too! - Marie exclaimed.
“Henri, dear, don’t send her away, please.” Let her fly with us too. “I will hold her on my lap,” the girl asked.
Henri looked questioningly at the Astrologer, but he just waved his hand and slammed the door of the starship.
- Bon Voyage! - The mourners just had time to shout when a slight crackling sound was heard and the luminous ball swayed and flew at first slowly, and then faster and faster and soon disappeared into the darkness.
As soon as the spaceship set off, pleasant music began to sound, and then a gentle female voice, already familiar to Henri. It was the voice of a golden-haired alien.
- Dear friends! Henri, Alexander and Marie! The most unforgettable night of your life has come! Today you will see the entire solar system. In its center is a luminous star - the Sun, closest to planet Earth. The sun gives the Earth light and warmth, so life is possible on Earth! The Earth revolves around the Sun, but in addition to the Earth, eight more planets revolve around this luminary, each with its own orbit. Where would you like to fly first?
- Perhaps to the moon. After all, it is a satellite of the Earth and is closest to the Earth,” Alexander suggested.
- Well, to the Moon, then to the Moon! - Henri agreed and pressed the appropriate button.
Soon the spaceship flew up to the Moon and the children saw dark spots on its surface.
“These are depressions, their bottom is dark and flat. They are called “seas,” although there is not a drop of water in them,” the female voice continued the story.
- Wow! There are so many high mountains here,” Alexander exclaimed.
- Yes! Most of the surface of the Moon is occupied by mountain ranges, they are very high. Most are ring ramparts surrounding large circular plains. These are craters.
“Let’s fly around the Moon, because from the Earth we always see only one side of it,” suggested Marie.
“Let’s do it,” Henri agreed and directed the spaceship to the opposite side of the Earth’s satellite.
- Maybe there are little sleepwalking people living on the moon? - asked Marie. - It would be nice to see them!
A few moments later, the luminous ball flew up to Venus. The planet was surrounded by clouds reflecting sunlight, and seemed unusually beautiful.
- Oh, what beauty! - Marie admired.
- Yes! Venus is the closest planet to Earth and is clearly visible in the sky after sunset or sunrise. But the clouds surrounding her are made of acid and are very poisonous,” the female voice explained, “so it’s better not to fly close to her.”
— Is there an atmosphere on Venus? - Henri asked.
— There is an atmosphere on Venus, but it consists of carbon dioxide, it is not suitable for human breathing. And the atmospheric pressure on this planet is so great that if we were on its surface, it would crush us. Besides, Venus gets so much sun rays that it is incredibly hot, even hotter than Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun.
— I would really like to look at the rings of Saturn. The astrologer said that this planet is surrounded by rings.
Henri pressed the button, and soon the travelers saw a huge bright yellow planet surrounded by rings.
- Yes, a beautiful planet! - Alexander exclaimed.
— Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. It belongs to the very large planets - giant planets, just like Jupiter and Uranus. Its surface consists of liquid gas. Saturn is surrounded by countless rings. They consist of pieces of ice and stones. Saturn's flat rings are several kilometers thick!
- How interesting! - the children exclaimed in unison. They listened attentively to the alien’s story and at the same time looked around.
At this time, the monkey Mickey got tired of sitting on Marie’s lap, and she jumped over to Alexander. The boy treated the mischievous girl with a treat - sweet dried fruits, she played with him a little, and then began to jump, tumble and end up next to Anri’s chair. For some time the monkey examined the shiny buttons of the control panel. What she liked most was the round red button. The sweet-toothed monkey thought it was a delicious candy and grabbed it with his small, furry brown paw. But the “candy” didn’t give in, so the monkey pressed the button with all his might!
Exactly what the aliens warned Henri about happened: the spaceship rushed through interplanetary space at great speed. Greenish Uranus flashed, and the dark blue handsome Neptune remained behind.
At that moment, Henri realized what Mickey had done. She pressed exactly the button that the aliens warned him about.
But Henri was not at a loss; he deftly grabbed the monkey and handed it to Marie.
“Hold her tight and don’t let go!”
And he pressed the blue emergency button.
The aliens who were monitoring the flight immediately received a signal, and, without wasting a second, two powerful beams of rays rushed towards the starship. It had to be intercepted at all costs before the ship left the solar system.
A few seconds later, the rays of light reached the ship, which was already level with Pluto. The rays touched the spaceship, it glowed pink-red and turned back.
- It's time for you to return to Earth! — a calm female voice was heard.
The spaceship flew towards Earth.
- How beautiful our Earth is from space! - Marie exclaimed. - From here you can see that she is a ball.
- Do you see that bright stripe, painted with all the colors of the rainbow? It separates the Earth from the black sky. “This is the horizon,” a female voice explained.
Pleasant music began to sound in the spaceship again and the fragrance of flowers spread.
- We are approaching Earth! - Henri exclaimed.
- Look, the ocean waves are already splashing and mountain peaks are visible. It seems as if the Earth is surrounded by a halo of soft blue color, which imperceptibly turns into turquoise, and then into blue and violet...” Henri did not have time to finish the sentence as the interplanetary ship smoothly flew up to the Astrologer’s tower.
The door opened, and Marie, Alexander, Henri with Mickey in their arms went out onto the terrace, where the excited king, queen, old Astrologer and the entire retinue were waiting for them.
- It was so interesting! - the children exclaimed in unison. - Now we know how the solar system is built, we have seen many planets close up.
“And yet the best, dearest planet is our blue beauty Earth!” - Marie exclaimed.
The king and queen hugged and kissed the children.
And Mickey immediately climbed onto the old Stargazer’s shoulder and put her paw into the pocket of his jacket in search of sweets.
Of course, you can’t wait to find out what happened next?
The luminous ball disappeared, as if it had dissolved in the endless space of space.
Henri continued his observations of the starry sky.
Marie and Alexander grew up and began to help the king govern the country.
And the old Astrologer wrote a fascinating book about the stars, constellations and planets of the solar system. The stories of young travelers helped him a lot in this.
April 12 is Cosmonautics Day! Many of us love this holiday! What and how to tell? How to spend this day interestingly and benefit the child’s development? You can start preparing now.
For parents, this is an opportunity not only to communicate more with the baby, but to tell him interesting stories about space, read poetry, solve riddles, but also great opportunity briefly return to a happy childhood! Opportunity to look at the world through the eyes of your child!
Website " Astronomy for children" http://kosmokid.ru/ Designed for all lovers of space mysteries, both for children and adults. It will be equally interesting to all age categories, because... information about the stars, planets and the entire Universe is given here easily, excitingly and simply. On the site you will learn a lot of new things about our planet, as well as the sun, moon, constellations and stars
It’s better to start getting acquainted with the Sun. It is the most important star in our solar system; the life of our planet depends on it. It is difficult for a child to imagine the size of the Sun, stars, solar system, planets and the Earth too. Try to explain everything complicated simple things using available means. Take a flashlight or lamp - this is the sun, and a large ball is the Earth, a slightly smaller ball is the Moon. If you have a globe, great, it makes the task easier! Together with your child, you can conduct an experiment with a globe or with improvised objects, considering the issues of the change of day and night, why we sometimes see the moon full, and sometimes only a crescent. Tell us that we only see the illuminated side of the Moon, and the other side is in shadow. Talk about size space objects. Why do we see stars small? Demonstrate on any object how it decreases as it moves away from us, it is convenient to do this on the street, take the same ball with you and use it as a star or planet. For this reason, we see stars as small dots, but they are huge, they are just very far from us! Explain that stars emit light and planets reflect. To do this, it is convenient to use phosphorescent objects, stickers or reflective tape. A royal gift for a child would, of course, be a telescope. They are different sizes and are sold at different prices. The child will be delighted! This will bring him closer to the stars!
You can compare the sizes of the Sun and the Earth using a pumpkin and a pea. If our Earth is a pea, then the Sun is a pumpkin. Try to explain everything in specific terms simple examples without uncertainty. In conclusion, you can watch interesting videos.
Try to answer all the questions your child may have. If you don’t know something, don’t brush it off, don’t evade the answer! It’s better to look for the answer in an encyclopedia or on the Internet together with your child. Your authority will definitely not suffer, but on the contrary, you will show that it is normal not to know something; it is bad not to strive to know more.
We also invite you to make interesting space crafts with us..
Children about space. Stories about space in games
For kids, you can simply show pictures with planets, listing them from the name, then offer to choose planets from two or three options.
If you print two copies of the cards. One of them needs to be cut and the other left whole. Invite the baby to arrange the cut pictures into identical ones on the same sheet, while saying the names of the planets so that the baby repeats and remembers. And if you cut both sets of pictures, you can turn them over and find the same ones.
These cards can be used to compose a story about the planets of the solar system, cosmic bodies, and astronauts. This activity perfectly develops speech, imagination, thinking, and logic. And you can play with these cards the same way as with the previous ones.
And these cards will help in developing attentiveness and observation. In each line you need to find the odd one out.
The following cards are perfect for developing logic. It is necessary to extend the logical series.
A game that helps develop fine motor skills fingers, coordination of movements and will help prepare the hand for writing. It is necessary to help the rockets reach the planets and connect them along the dotted line.
A small space puzzle. The picture needs to be cut into several parts. For older children, there may be more parts. Invite your child to put together a picture!
Today, in the times of space rockets, satellites and lunar rovers, we have something to tell our children. However, the scale of the Universe is difficult to imagine even for an adult. All that remains is to come up with an interesting way to talk about space and introduce him to the basics of astronomy.
How to tell
Considering the features childhood, it is very important to make the story simple and effective. To do this, you can use visual experiments. We describe examples of such experiments below. Thus, it will be much easier for the child to become familiar with thematic concepts that are difficult for him.
Today parents are offered a large number of thematic materials that can also be used in your story.
Children preschool age perfectly absorb the information presented in game form, in the form of a fairy tale or poem.
And if you manage to captivate a child’s imagination, perhaps the child will not only become interested in astronomy, but also fall in love with this science.
When telling your child about space for the first time, think about the fact that maybe, as an adult, looking at the stars, he will remember your activities and smile.
What to tell
Introduction
Look at the sky. It seems that it is very close - stretch out your hand and touch the sun or the moon, but what if you climb onto the top of your head tall tree, then you will end up next to them. But actually it is not. Neither we can reach the sky with our hands, nor the trees with their tops. The sun, moon and stars are very far from us. This major planets, to which you need to fly on a spaceship.
There are 8 planets in the solar system. They all revolve around the Sun, constantly along the same path, which is called an orbit. And one of these planets is our Earth.
Sun
What to tell:
The sun is a large and very hot star, a huge, hot ball. It is very far away, but the heat from its rays reaches all the planets circling around it, and ours too. That's why it's warm here.
Not all stars are like the Sun. There are small stars, and medium ones, and huge ones - larger than the Sun.
The brightest among all the stars in the sky are the North Star and Sirius. The sun is much larger than our planet. If you compare them, it’s like a watermelon and a small pea.
Visual material:
To compare the size of the Sun with the size of the Earth, you can take a pumpkin or watermelon and a pea. The pea is our Earth, the pumpkin is the Sun.
The Earth is as much smaller than the Sun as a pea is smaller than a pumpkin.
What to tell:
The moon is a satellite of our planet; it is only three days away. The Moon moves around the Earth counterclockwise.
We see the moon only at night. The moon, as we see it in the sky, is not always the same shape. There are the following phases: new moon, crescent of the waxing moon, first quarter of the waxing moon, waxing moon, full moon and then decreasing: waning moon, quarter of the waning moon, crescent of the waning moon, new moon again.
If the sickle in the sky looks like the letter C, then the moon is “old” and waning. If we visually draw a stick and get the letter P, then the moon is growing.
These phases can be depicted for the child on paper or by cutting them out of colored cardboard.
Visual material:
To demonstrate why the moon is sometimes round and sometimes crescent-shaped, take a normal table lamp and a ball. Conduct an experiment together by creating a moon at home. Show your child that we only see the illuminated part of the ball.
Earth
What to tell:
Our planet is surrounded by an atmosphere. It's such protective layer, which saves the inhabitants from the sun ultraviolet radiation, as well as from most meteorites. It can be compared to a blanket of air. It is thanks to him that our planet has the air that we breathe.
The most important difference between the Earth and others is the presence of life on it.
It is believed that the rest of the space is lifeless. The belief and desire of people to find life on other planets forces us to design spaceships to travel into space in order to study it.
Visual material:
Can be boiled egg and using his example, what the Earth’s atmosphere is. Our planet is surrounded by a multi-layered atmosphere, just as the yolk of an egg is surrounded by white.
Other planets of the solar system
What to tell:
There are only 8 planets in the solar system. The largest of them is Jupiter. And the most interesting is Saturn, because it has huge rings around it.
Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune also have rings, but they cannot be seen from Earth.
Pluto was one of the last to be discovered. It was discovered in 1930. At first it was considered the ninth planet. But over time, they were assigned to another category of cosmic bodies - “dwarf planets”.
Planets are considered to be cosmic bodies that:
- revolve around some star (in the case of the Solar System, this is the Sun);
- have their own gravity, which explains their spherical (round) or close to spherical shape;
- are not located near other similar large bodies;
- are not stars.
Visual material:
To remember the names of all the planets in the solar system, you can learn a short rhyme:
All planets in order
Any of us can name:
One - Mercury,
Two - Venus,
Three - Earth,
Four - Mars.
Five - Jupiter,
Six - Saturn,
Seven - Uranus,
Behind him is Neptune.
He is the eighth in a row.
And after him, then,
And the ninth planet
Called Pluto.
Stars
What to tell:
The closest star to us is the Sun. In space there is great amount stars that cannot be counted. Any star is a hot ball of gas that was formed from hydrogen molecules joined together.
A cluster of stars forms constellations.
Visual material:
To tell why the sun shines so brightly, take a regular flashlight or phosphor stars. With the lights off, hold them close to your baby so he can see how bright they burn.
Then slowly move to the end of the room, demonstrating that the luminous objects, moving away, become small and faded. Explain that the stars only appear small because they are very far away from us.
Telescopes help us see them closer by zooming in on images of stars and allowing us to see them better.
How a rocket flies
What to tell:
On April 12, our country celebrates Cosmonautics Day. On this day in 1961, people's dream of flying into space came true - the first cosmonaut in history, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin, flew into space on the Vostok-1 spacecraft. Its flight around the Earth lasted 108 minutes. Since then, we have celebrated Cosmonautics Day every year on this day.
Visual material:
Inflate the balloon and pinch the hole with your fingers. And then unclench your fingers and your ball will suddenly burst upward. This happens because air escapes from the balloon. And when the air runs out, the ball will fall.
Balloon flew like a rocket - it moved forward as long as there was air in it. Approximately according to the same principle, a rocket flies into space, only instead of air it has fuel. When burning, the fuel turns into gas and bursts back into flame.
A rocket is made of several parts called stages, and each stage has its own fuel tank.
The first stage runs out of fuel - it falls away, and the second stage engine immediately turns on and carries the rocket even faster and even higher. So only the third stage – the smallest and lightest – reaches space. It launches the cabin with the astronaut into orbit.
5 games on the topic
1. Game "What will we take with us into space"
Lay out the drawings in front of your child and ask them to choose what they can take with them on the spaceship.
These can be the following pictures: a book, a notebook, a spacesuit, an apple, candy, a tube of semolina, an alarm clock, a sausage.
2. Game "Space Dictionary"
The game will help the child replenish his lexicon words related to the theme of space.
Whoever can name the most words related to space wins.
For example: satellite, rocket, alien, planets, Moon, Earth, astronaut, spacesuit, etc.
3. Game "Say the opposite"
The goal of the game is to teach the child to choose words with opposite meanings - antonyms.
For example:
distant -...
tight -...
big -…
get up -…
bright -…
fly away -...
high -…
famous -…
include -…
dark -...
4. Game "Navigating by the stars"
Together with your child, imagine that you are sailors lost in Pacific Ocean. Ask your child to cut out little stars from paper and help them glue them on. reverse side tabletops so as to create the constellations Ursa Minor and Ursa Major.
Cover the table with a blanket - this will be your ship, take a flashlight and climb inside. It's night, the only compass has sunk, and all you can see are the stars above your heads (you can illuminate them with a flashlight).
Show your child how to use the stars to find their way.
Try together, looking at the stars, to determine which direction you should sail if you are heading east.
5. Game "Space Stones"
Every kitchen has baking foil. Such material can easily turn into space balls-rocks.
Scatter them in visible places so that the child can then collect these space stones. Then they can be thrown at a target or simply into a bowl, training accuracy.
Books for children on the theme of space
- "Amazing starry sky. Atlas with stickers", S. Andreev;
- "Discovering Space" by Morton Jenkins;
- "Professor Astrocat and His Journey into Space", Dominic Walliman and Ben Newman;
- "Cosmos", D. Kostyukov, Z. Surova;
- "Fascinating astronomy", E. Kachur;
- Series "Your first encyclopedia", book "Wonderful Planet", publishing house "Makhaon";
- Series "The Very First Encyclopedia", book "Planet Earth", publishing house "Rosman";
- “My first book about space”, K. Portsevsky, M. Lukyanov;
- "Stars and Planets. Encyclopedia for Children", E. Prati;
- "Petya's extraordinary adventures in space", A. Ivanov, V. Merzlenko.
Cartoons on the topic
- Cartoon series "Children and Space";
- Educational cartoon "Planet Earth";
- Entertaining lessons from Sahakyants "Astronomy for the little ones";
- "The Secret of the Third Planet";
- "Dunno on the Moon";
- "Monkeys in Space";
- "Pep's Pig", episode "A Trip to the Moon";
- "Star Dogs: Belka and Strelka";
- "Belka and Strelka: Lunar Adventures";
- "Egon and Donchi";
- "The Lunar Expedition of Christopher Cullumbus";
- "Tom and Jerry: Flight to Mars";
- "The Mystery of the Red Planet";
- "Planet 51";
- "Big space adventure";
- "Planet of the Wind";
- "Let's fly to the moon";
- "Wally"
- "Treasure Planet";
- "Smeshariki: pin code collection."
Where to look at the stars in Moscow
1. Observatories
Moscow City Palace of Children and Youth Creativity
m. University, st. Kosygina, 17, cor. 1Price: free.
Astronomical Observatory of Moscow State University(State Astronomical Institute named after P.K. Sternberg at Moscow State University)
Moscow, Universitetsky Prospekt, 13
Price: free.
Observatory at the Moscow Planetarium
m. Barrikadnaya, Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya, 5, building 1
Price: on weekdays 250 rubles, on weekends 300 rubles.
People's Observatory on the territory of Gorky Park
m. Gorky Park, Oktyabrskaya.
Price: 200 rub.
People's Observatory on the territory of Sokolniki Park
m. Sokolniki, park territory
Price: 150 rub.
From Thursday to Sunday you can rent an external telescope for 50 rubles.
2. Planetariums
Moscow Planetarium
Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya st., 5, building 1
Price: from 100 rub.
Planetarium of the Central House of the Russian Army
Suvorovskaya sq., 2, building 32
Price: 200 rub.
Man managed to overcome the force of gravity and escape into outer space; modern telescopes allow scientists to look even into neighboring Universes, but at the same time, space still holds many mysteries. And, it would seem, not all earthlings know sufficiently studied issues. In our review, very Interesting Facts about extraterrestrial space.
1. The taste of food in space changes
Astronauts who enter orbit completely change their food preferences. For example, an astronaut from the International space station Peggy Whitson revealed that her favorite food on Earth, shrimp, is simply disgusting to her in space.
2. Betelgeuse
Betelgeuse is a red star that is so huge that its diameter is larger than the diameter of the Earth's entire orbit around the Sun.
3. The danger of space debris
The risk of being seriously injured by a piece of space debris falling from orbit is 1 in 100 billion.
4. Celestial bodies in the solar system
Jupiter's mass is 2.5 times greater than all other planets in the solar system combined. Moreover, the mass of the Sun accounts for 99.86% of the mass of all matter in the Solar System.
5. Water can miraculously float in space
Far out in the galaxy (10 billion light-years away from Earth) there is a huge cloud of water vapor containing 40 trillion times more water than Earth's oceans.
6. Moon and Earth
The volume of the Moon is approximately equal to the volume of the Pacific Ocean.
7. Galaxy Sombrero
There is a galaxy 28 million light years from Earth that looks exactly like a Mexican sombrero. It can be seen with a regular telescope.
8. Names of Mars
The soil of Mars is rich in iron, which gives the planet's surface a reddish color. Because of this, the Egyptians called it Desher ("red"), and the Chinese called Mars the "fiery star." The Romans named the planet Mars, in honor of the god of war (the equivalent of Ares in Greek mythology).
9. Calculation on Venus
Venus orbits the Sun faster than Earth, but it also rotates surprisingly slowly on its axis. Venus revolves around the Sun in 225 days, and it rotates around its axis in 243 Earth days. Thus, a year on Venus is shorter than a day.
10. Apollo 11
Spaceship Apollo 11, which delivered Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins to the Moon, landed on the surface of the Moon, as they say, “butt-to-face.” There was only 20 seconds of fuel left in the braking engine.
11. Little stars
The densest and tiniest stars that have been found so far are neutron stars. They can have a mass many times greater than the Sun, but their size is only 20 km.
12. Collision of Galaxies
The Andromeda Galaxy flies through space towards the Milky Way at a speed of 110 km/s. The collision is expected in four billion years.
13. The most expensive kimchi
There is no way to know how many stars there are.
Astronomers were able to estimate (with a huge error) the number of stars in our galaxy, the Milky Way - from 200 to 400 billion stars. New galaxies are constantly being discovered, and given how many billions of galaxies have yet to be discovered, the number of stars in the Universe is simply impossible to estimate.
No less interesting are . For unprepared people, they can seem like real magic.
What do we know about space? Most of us cannot answer the simplest questions about this mysterious world, which, despite this, attracts and interests us. This article presents the most interesting general information about space, which will be useful for everyone to know.
- We (all living beings) fly in the space environment at a certain speed, which is 530 km/second. If we take into account the speed of our Earth’s movement in the galaxy, it is equal to 225 km/second. Our galaxy ( Milky Way), in turn, moves in space at a speed of 305 km/second.
- A giant space object, the planet Saturn, actually has a relatively small weight. The density of this giant planet is a couple of times lower than that of water. Thus, if you try to drown this cosmic body in water, this will not work.
- If the planet Jupiter were hollow, then all the known planets of our “Solar” planetary system could fit inside it.
- Reducing the frequency of rotation of the planet Earth will move the Moon away from it by approximately four centimeters every year.
- The first “star catalog” was compiled by Hipparchus (an astronomer) in 150 BC.
- When we look at the most distant (faint) stars in the night sky, we see them as they were approximately fourteen billion years ago.
- In addition to our star, we have another nearby star, Prosky Centauri. The distance to this space object is equal to 4.2 light years.
- The "red giant" named "Betelgeuse" has a huge diameter. For comparison, its diameter is a couple of times greater than the orbit of our Earth around the star.
- Every year, the galaxy in which our planetary system is located produces about 40 new stars.
- If one teaspoon (teaspoon) of the substance is removed from the “neutron star”, then the weight of this spoon will be equal to 150 tons.
- The mass of our star is more than 99% of the mass of its entire planetary system.
- The age of the light emitted by our luminary can be equated to only 30 thousand years. It was thirty thousand years ago that a certain energy was formed in the star, which reaches the Earth to this day. By the way, solar photons reach the above-mentioned planet on which we live in just eight seconds.
- The eclipse of our star can last no more than seven and a half minutes. Moon eclipse, in turn, has a longer duration - 104 minutes.
- The “solar wind” is the cause of the loss of mass of our star. In 1 second, this star loses more than 1 billion kg due to this “wind”. By the way, one “windy particle” can destroy ordinary person, approaching it at a distance of 160 kilometers.
- If our Earth rotated in a different, opposite direction, then the length of the year would be shorter by a couple of days.
- Every day our planet experiences a “meteor bombardment”. Why don't we see this? Most of space objects falling on us are very small, so they do not have time to reach the surface and dissolve in our atmosphere.
- Our planet has more than one satellite. Modern scientists have determined that four objects are flying around it at once. Of course, the most famous of them is the Moon. Besides it, there is an asteroid flying around us (diameter 5 kilometers), which was discovered in 1896. To be more precise, this object rotates around the star, but with a certain frequency, the same as ours. That's why he is always near us. It is impossible to see it with the naked eye.
- The condensation of “cosmic matter” is the reason for the periodic increase in the mass of our planet. Every 500 years its mass increases by about one billion tons.
- Ursa Major is not a constellation, as many people believe. In reality, this is an “asterism” - a visual cluster of stars that are quite impressively distant from each other. Some Ursa Ursa stars are even located in different galactic formations.
Initially, the planet Uranus, discovered by W. Herschel in 1781, was called “George’s Star.” This was ordered by George III, who wanted the latter to be named after him. open planet"Solar System".
If two parts of a meteorite touch outer space, then they are soldered. If this happens on our native planet, then they will not unite, since on our planet it is common for metals to oxidize. The equipment that astronauts use while working outside the space station spontaneously oxidizes on Earth, so it does not stick together in space.
Satellite devices created by engineers during flight in space obey certain physical laws, which were first described by Newton.
Since 1980, areas of our companion, the Moon, have been officially sold, and they cost a lot. To date, about seven percent of the natural satellite's surface has been sold. The cost of forty acres now is no more than $150. The lucky person who bought the plot receives a certificate and photographs of his “lunar land”.
- In 1992, the official couple Jen and Mark went into space. To this day, they are considered the first and only spouses to visit space together. The couple flew into space on the ship Endever.
- All those who have been in space for a certain time (1-2 months) grow by about five centimeters due to spinal stretching, which then, after returning to Earth, can negatively affect their health.
- A satellite orbital system can photograph three million square kilometers of the Earth in half an hour, an airplane in twelve years, a person manually in approximately 100 years.
- In 2001 we held interesting experiment, after which they found out that astronauts snoring at home in outer space lose this bad habit.