How many radiators need to be installed in the room. The simplest calculation of the power of heating radiators

The problem of heating in our latitudes is much more acute than in Europe with its mild climate and warm winters. In Russia, a significant part of the territory is under the rule of winter up to 9 months a year. Therefore, it is very important to pay sufficient attention to the choice of heating systems and the calculation of the power of heating radiators.

Unlike, where only the area is taken into account, the calculation of the power of heating radiators is carried out according to a different scheme. In this case, the height of the ceilings should also be taken into account, that is, the total volume of the room in which the installation or replacement of the heating system is planned. Don't be afraid. Ultimately, the entire calculation is based on elementary formulas, which will not be difficult to cope with. Radiators will heat the room due to convection, that is, air circulation in the room. The heated air rises and displaces the cold air. In this article you will get the simplest calculation of the power of heating radiators

Let's take a room with an area of ​​15 square meters and with ceilings 3 meters high. The volume of air to be heated in the heating system will be:

V = 15x3 = 45 cubic meters

Further, we consider the power that is required to heat a room of a given volume. In our case, 45 cubic meters. To do this, it is necessary to multiply the volume of the room by the power required to heat one cubic meter of air in a given region. For Asia, the Caucasus, it is 45 watts, for the middle band, 50 watts, for the north, about 60 watts. As an example, let's take a power of 45 W and then we get:

45 × 45 = 2025 W - the power required to heat a room with a cubic capacity of 45 meters

The choice of a radiator based on the calculation

Steel radiators

Let's leave the comparison of heating radiators outside the brackets and note only the nuances that you need to be aware of when choosing a radiator for your heating system.

In the case of calculating the power of steel heating radiators, everything is simple. There is the required power for an already known room - 2025 watts. We look at the table and look for steel batteries that produce the required number of watts. Such tables are easy to find on the websites of manufacturers and sellers of similar goods. Pay attention to the temperature regimes under which the heating system will be operated. It is optimal to use the battery at 70/50 C.

The table indicates the type of radiator. Let's take type 22, as one of the most popular and quite decent in terms of consumer qualities. A 600 × 1400 radiator is a great fit. The power of the heating radiator will be 2015 W. Better to take a little with a margin.

Aluminum and bimetallic radiators

Aluminum and bimetallic radiators are often sold in sections. Power in tables and catalogs is indicated for one section. It is necessary to divide the power required to heat a given room by the power of one section of such a radiator, for example:

2025/150 = 14 (rounded up to whole integers)

We got the required number of sections for a room with a volume of 45 cubic meters.

Don't overdo it!

14-15 sections for one radiator is the maximum. It is ineffective to install radiators in 20 or more sections. In this case, divide the number of sections in half and install 2 radiators of 10 sections. For example, put 1 radiator near the window, and the other near the entrance to the room or on the opposite wall.

It is the same with steel radiators. If the room is large enough and the radiator comes out too large, it is better to put two smaller ones, but with the same total power.

If there are 2 or more windows in a room of the same volume, then a good solution would be to install a radiator under each of the windows. In the case of sectional radiators, everything is quite simple.

14/2 = 7 sections under each window for a room of the same volume

Radiators are usually sold in 10 sections, it is better to take an even number, for example 8. A stock of 1 section will not be superfluous in case of severe frosts. The power will not particularly change from this, however, the inertia of heating the radiators will decrease. This can be useful if cold air is frequently entering the room. For example, if it is an office space that clients often visit. In such cases, the radiators will heat up the air a little faster.

What to do after the calculation?

After calculating the power of heating radiators for all rooms, it will be necessary to select a pipeline by diameter, taps. Number of radiators, length of pipes, number of valves for radiators. Calculate the volume of the entire system and select the appropriate boiler for it.

For a person, home is often associated with warmth and comfort. To keep the house warm, it is necessary to pay due attention to the heating system. Modern manufacturers use the latest technologies for the production of heating system elements. However, without proper planning of such a system, these technologies may be useless for certain premises.

First of all, you need to understand for what purposes the premises will be used. What temperature regime is desirable in it. In this case, there are many subtleties that must be taken into account. It is advisable to do it with an accurate calculation of the power of heating radiators and heat loss. Heating radiators are best installed in the coldest part of the room. In the above example, the installation of radiators near the windows was considered. This is one of the most profitable and efficient options for placing heating system elements.

Battery power calculation video

At the stage of preparation for major repairs and in the process of planning the construction of a new house, it becomes necessary to calculate the number of heating radiator sections. The results of such calculations allow us to find out the number of batteries, which would be enough to provide an apartment or house with sufficient heat, even in the coldest weather.

The calculation procedure can vary depending on many factors. Check out the quick instructions for typical situations, the calculation for non-standard rooms, and the procedure for performing the most detailed and accurate calculations taking into account all sorts of significant room characteristics.

Heat transfer indicators, the shape of the battery and the material of its manufacture - these indicators are not taken into account in the calculations.

Important! Do not perform the calculation at once for the whole house or apartment. Take a little more time and do the calculations for each room separately. This is the only way to get the most reliable information. At the same time, in the process of calculating the number of battery sections for heating a corner room, 20% must be added to the final result. The same stock must be thrown on top if there are interruptions in the heating operation or if its efficiency is not enough for high-quality heating.

Let's start by looking at the most commonly used calculation method. It can hardly be considered the most accurate, but in terms of ease of implementation, it definitely breaks ahead.

According to this "universal" method, 100 W of batteries are needed to heat 1 m2 of floor space. In this case, the calculations are limited to one simple formula:

K = S / U * 100

In this formula:

For example, consider the procedure for calculating the required number of batteries for a room with dimensions of 4x3.5 m.The area of ​​such a room is 14 m2. The manufacturer claims that each section of the battery it produces produces 160W of power.

We substitute the values ​​in the above formula and we find that 8.75 radiator sections are needed to heat our room. We round, of course, upwards, i.e. to 9. If the room is corner, add 20% stock, round again, and we get 11 sections. If there are problems in the operation of the heating system, add another 20% to the originally calculated value. It will turn out to be about 2. That is, in total, 13 battery sections will be needed to heat a 14-meter corner room in conditions of unstable operation of the heating system.

Approximate calculation for standard rooms

A very simple calculation option. It is based on the fact that the size of mass-produced heating batteries is practically the same. If the room height is 250 cm (the standard value for most living quarters), then one section of the radiator can heat 1.8 m2 of space.

The area of ​​the room is 14 m2. For the calculation, it is enough to divide the area value by the previously mentioned 1.8 m2. The result is 7.8. Round up to 8.

Thus, in order to warm up a 14-meter room with a 2.5-meter ceiling, you need to buy an 8-section battery.

Important! Do not use this method when calculating a low power unit (up to 60 W). The margin of error will be too large.

Calculation for non-standard rooms

This calculation option is suitable for non-standard rooms with too low or too high ceilings. The calculation is based on the statement that about 41 W of battery power is needed to warm up 1 m3 of living space. That is, the calculations are performed according to a single formula that looks like this:

A = Bx 41,

• A - the required number of sections of the heating battery;
• B is the volume of the room. It is calculated as the product of the length of the room by its width and height.

For example, consider a room 4 m long, 3.5 m wide and 3 m high. Its volume will be 42 m3.

We calculate the total heat demand of this room by multiplying its volume by the previously mentioned 41 W. The result is 1722 watts. For example, let's take a battery, each section of which produces 160 watts of thermal power. We calculate the required number of sections by dividing the total heat demand by the power value of each section. That's 10.8. As usual, round to the nearest higher integer, i.e. until 11.

Important! If you bought batteries that are not divided into sections, divide the total heat demand by the capacity of the whole battery (indicated in the accompanying technical documentation). So you will find out the required amount of heating.

Calculation of the required number of radiators for heating

The most accurate calculation option

From the above calculations, we saw that none of them is perfectly accurate, since even for identical rooms, the results, albeit slightly, are still different.

If you need maximum precision in your calculations, use the following method. It takes into account many factors that can affect heating efficiency and other significant indicators.

In general, the calculation formula is as follows:

T = 100 W / m2 * A * B * C * D * E * F * G * S,

• where T is the total amount of heat required to heat the room in question;
• S is the area of ​​the heated room.

The rest of the coefficients need more detailed study. So, coefficient A takes into account the peculiarities of the glazing of the room.

The values ​​are as follows:

• 1.27 for rooms whose windows are glazed with just two panes;
• 1.0 - for rooms with double-glazed windows;
• 0.85 - if the windows are triple-glazed.

Coefficient B takes into account the peculiarities of the insulation of the walls of the room.

The dependency is as follows:

• if the insulation is ineffective, the coefficient is taken equal to 1.27;
• with good insulation (for example, if the walls are lined with 2 bricks or purposefully insulated with a high-quality heat insulator), a coefficient equal to 1.0 is used;
• with a high level of insulation - 0.85.

Coefficient C indicates the ratio of the total area of ​​window openings to the floor surface in the room.

The dependency looks like this:

• with a ratio equal to 50%, the coefficient C is taken as 1.2;
• if the ratio is 40%, a ratio of 1.1 is used;
• when the ratio is equal to 30%, the value of the coefficient is reduced to 1.0;
• in the case of an even lower percentage, coefficients equal to 0.9 (for 20%) and 0.8 (for 10%) are used.

The D coefficient indicates the average temperature during the coldest period of the year..

The dependency looks like this:

• if the temperature is -35 and below, the coefficient is taken equal to 1.5;
• at temperatures up to -25 degrees, a value of 1.3 is used;
• if the temperature does not drop below -20 degrees, the calculation is carried out with a coefficient equal to 1.1;
• residents of regions in which the temperature does not fall below -15, a coefficient of 0.9 should be used;
• if the temperature in winter does not drop below -10, count with a factor of 0.7.

The E factor indicates the number of exterior walls.

If there is only one outside wall, use a factor of 1.1. With two walls, increase it to 1.2; with three - up to 1.3; if the outer walls are 4, use a factor of 1.4.

Factor F takes into account the features of the above room... The dependence is as follows:

• if there is an unheated attic above, the coefficient is taken equal to 1.0;
• if the attic is heated - 0.9;
• if the upstairs neighbor is a heated living room, the coefficient can be reduced to 0.8.

And the last coefficient of the formula - G - takes into account the height of the room.

The order is as follows:

• in rooms with ceilings 2.5 m high, the calculation is carried out using a coefficient equal to 1.0;
• if the room has a 3-meter ceiling, the coefficient is increased to 1.05;
• with a ceiling height of 3.5 m, count with a factor of 1.1;
• rooms with a 4-meter ceiling are calculated with a coefficient of 1.15;
• when calculating the number of battery sections for heating a room with a height of 4.5 m, increase the factor to 1.2.

This calculation takes into account almost all existing nuances and allows you to determine the required number of sections of the heating unit with the smallest error. In conclusion, you will only have to divide the calculated indicator by the heat transfer of one section of the battery (check in the attached passport) and, of course, round off the found number to the nearest integer value upward.

A properly constructed heating system creates comfortable conditions for being in a house, apartment or any other type of room. Its main element is a battery or, as it is often called, a heating radiator. When self-designing a system, it is important not only to select a product according to technical characteristics, but also to calculate heating radiators. Only in this case will the system be efficient and balanced.

When installing radiators in the house, not only characteristics are important, but also the number of batteries

Heating systems device

In any heating system that uses water as a heat carrier, two basic elements always apply- pipes and radiators. The room is heated as follows: heated water is supplied through pipes under pressure or by gravity into the water supply system. This system contains batteries that are filled with water. After filling the radiator, water enters the pipe, which leads it back to the place of heating. There it is again heated to the desired temperature and again sent to the battery. That is, the movement of the coolant occurs in a circle.

The heating system must have pipes and batteries

To achieve the highest efficiency, the batteries are positioned according to the developed rules. It is customary to place them in places where cold air enters, so they are mounted under window sills.

As a result, cold air mixes faster with warm air coming from the radiator, and there are fewer temperature zones.

During installation, the following recommendations should be observed:

The installation of a wide heating device forms a heat curtain, but it is undesirable to exceed the calculated number of radiator sections in order not to lose battery power. Therefore, if the window is wide, the heating device should be selected in such a way that it is elongated, or several radiators should be installed.

Covering the heaters with objects can reduce the heat transfer efficiency of the system.

This is due to an increase in dust formation due to the increased speed of air movement and an artificial barrier for warm streams.

Types of heating devices

Batteries are used to transfer heat from heated water to the surrounding area. The principle of operation of the products is based on the use of materials as heaters that are capable of taking energy from the coolant and transferring it in the form of heat radiation. Therefore, one of the main characteristics of a radiator is transmission efficiency.

The efficiency of radiators is influenced by the material and shape of the sections.

In addition to the material used, this characteristic is also influenced by the design features of the products. They should take into account that warm air, due to its discharged state, is lighter than cold air. Passing through the heating radiator, it heats up and rises, drawing in a portion of cold air, which also heats up.

There are several options that differ in appearance, section shape and material used to create the product. Modern batteries, depending on the material used for their manufacture, are divided into the following types:

• cast iron;
• aluminum;
• steel;
• bimetallic;
• copper;
• plastic.

Modern radiators can be composed of different metals, and also contain several types of metals.

In addition to heat transfer, an important parameter is the ability of radiators to withstand the required pressure created in the heating system. So, when heating a multi-storey building, a pressure of about 8-9.5 atmospheres is considered the norm. But when the contour is built incorrectly, it can drop to 5 atmospheres. For two-story buildings, the optimal value is considered to be 1.5-2 atmospheres. The same value is acceptable for private households.

If the battery is designed for less pressure and a water hammer occurs in the circuit, it will simply rupture with all the ensuing consequences. Therefore, most often, preference is given to cast iron, aluminum and bimetallic structures.

Cast iron products

Cast iron radiators look like an accordion. Their distinguishes simplicity of design and accuracy... Today they are especially popular with designers when creating a retro style. Cast iron batteries are characterized by low thermal conductivity: in order to warm up the radiator to + 45 ° С, the temperature of the carrier must be about + 70 ... + 80 ° С. The devices are mounted on reinforced brackets or mounted on special legs.

Cast iron batteries have a rather low thermal conductivity, but take a long time to cool

Batteries of this type are drawn from sections that are interconnected using a key. The joints of the parts are carefully sealed with paronite or rubber gaskets. As a rule, one section of a modern radiator has a thermal power of about 140 W (versus 170 W of the Soviet model). One section holds about one liter of water.

The advantages of cast iron are that it does not corrode, so it can be used with any quality of water.

The service life of the device is about 35 years. No special care is needed for this type of battery. Cast iron batteries take a long time to heat up, but at the same time they cool down for a long time. They calmly tolerate a pressure of 12 atmospheres. On average, one section can heat from 0.66 m² to 1.45 m² of area.

Aluminum heater

There are two ways to make aluminum batteries - casting and extrusion... The first type of device is made in the form of a single piece, and the second - sectional. Cast batteries are designed for use at a pressure of 16-20 atmospheres, and extrusion batteries - from 10 to 40 atmospheres. Cast radiators are preferred due to their greater reliability.

Aluminum radiators have good thermal conductivity, but are susceptible to quick fouling

The heat dissipation of the battery, according to the manufacturers, can reach 200 W at a media temperature of + 70 ° C. In practice, when the heat carrier is heated to + 50 ° C, an aluminum section with dimensions of 100 x 600 x 80 mm heats about 1.2 m³, which corresponds to a heat transfer of 120 watts. The volume of one section is about 500 ml.

It should be noted that such heaters are sensitive to the quality of the coolant and quickly become dirty with the risk of gassing. When installing them, a water purification system is necessarily provided.

Recently, aluminum models have appeared on the market in which anodic oxidation treatment is used. This makes it possible to practically eliminate the occurrence of oxygen corrosion.

Bimetallic structures

Bimetallic radiators are assembled from steel pipes and aluminum panels. Due to the use of aluminum, they are characterized by high heat transfer. Batteries of this type are durable, their service life is about 20 years. At a coolant temperature of + 70 ° C, the average heat transfer is 170-190 W. Such a device can withstand pressures up to 35 atmospheres.

This type of radiator contains two types of metals and combines their properties

Bimetallic radiators are produced with different center distances: 20, 30, 35, 50, 80 cm. This allows them to be built into various niche shapes, even completely square ones. Sections can be typed in any quantity, while they are completely identical to the left and right.

To protect against corrosion, the inner pipes are coated with polymers. They are not susceptible to electrochemical corrosion. Such radiators are not afraid of water hammer and high temperatures. Therefore, bimetallic radiators are the products with the best performance provided by the aluminum casing, they are strong, durable and stable due to the internal steel structure.

Their only drawback is the high price.

Simple calculation

If everything is decided with the type of batteries used, then you can begin to determine the optimal number of batteries and their sections. To do this, you need to measure the area of ​​the room in which the installation of radiators is planned, and find out the power of one section of the battery planned for installation. Its value is taken from the product passport. After that, it will not be difficult to calculate the required number of batteries per room.

It is very easy to calculate the number of sections in a house using the formula

The calculation of the volume of the room is carried out according to the formula: V = S * H, m³, where:

• S - area of ​​the room (width times length), m².
• H - room height, m.

It is considered that for heating 1 m² it is necessary to provide a heat output of 100 W per hour. This rule was applied in Soviet times for rooms with a ceiling height of 2.5-2.7 m and did not take into account the thickness and type of partitions in the building, the number of windows and doors, and the climatic zone.

K = Q1 / Q2, where:

• K - number of sections, pcs.
• Q1 - required thermal power, W.
• Q2 - heat transfer of one section, W.

For example, for a room of 20 m² with two windows and a ceiling height of 2.7 meters, you will need 2 kW of power per hour. Therefore, when using a bimetallic radiator with a section power of 170 W, their number will be required, equal to: K = 2000 W / 170 W = 11.7. That is, 12 battery sections are needed for the entire area. Since the radiators are located under the windows, depending on their number, they determine the number of batteries. For the case under consideration, it will be necessary to purchase 2 batteries of 6 sections each.

But if the height of the room differs from 2.7 m, then the number of sections should be determined taking into account the volume. For this, a coefficient is introduced equal to 41 W of thermal power per 1 m² in the case of a panel house and 34 W - if the house is brick. The calculation is carried out according to the formula: P = V * k, where:

• P - calculated power, W.
• V is the volume of the room, m³.
• k - thermal power factor, W.

Calculation taking into account the coefficients

In order to accurately calculate heating radiators for the area of ​​\ u200b \ u200bthe room, you need to take into account a number of parameters. The calculation is still based on the rule of needing 100 W per 1 m2 of area, but the formula, taking into account the coefficients, will already look differently:

Q = S * 100 * K1 * K2 * K3 * K4 * K5 * K6 * K7 * K8 * K9, where:

1. K1 is the number of exterior walls. By adding this parameter to the formula, it is taken into account that the more walls border on the external environment, the more heat loss occurs. So, for one wall it is taken equal to one, for two - 1.2, three - 1.3, four - 1.4.
2. K2 - location relative to the cardinal points. There are so-called cold sides - north and east, which are practically not warmed by the sun. If the outer walls are located relative to the north and east, then the coefficient is taken equal to 1.1.
3. K3 - insulation. Takes into account the thickness of the walls and the material from which they are made. If the external walls are not insulated, the coefficient is 1.27.
4. K4 - features of the region. To calculate its value, the average temperature of the coldest month in the region is taken. If it is -35 ° C and below, K4 = 1.5, when the temperature is in the range from -25 ° C to -35 ° C, K4 = 1.3, not lower than -15 ° C - K4 = 0.9 , more than -10 ° C - K4 = 0.7.
5. K5 is the height of the room. If the ceiling is up to 3 meters, K5 is taken equal to 1.05. From 3.1 to 3.5 - K5 = 1.1, if 3.6−4.0 m, K5 = 1.15, and more than 4.1 m - K5 = 1.2.
6. K6 takes into account the heat loss through the ceiling. If the room is unheated from above, then the coefficient is taken equal to one. If it is insulated, K6 = 0.9, heated - K6 = 0.8.
7. K7 - window openings. With a single-chamber package installed, K7 is taken equal to one, with a two-chamber package - 0.85. If frames with two glasses are installed in the openings, K7 = 0.85.
8. K8 takes into account the radiator connection diagram. So, this coefficient can vary from one to 1.28. The best connection is diagonal, in which the coolant is supplied from the top and the return is connected from the bottom, and the worst is one-sided.
9. K9 takes into account the degree of openness. The best position is when the battery is located on the wall, then the coefficient is taken equal to 0.9. If it is closed from above and from the front with a decorative grille, K7 = 1.2, only from above - K7 = 1.0.

Substituting all the values, the answer is the thermal power required to heat the room, taking into account many factors. And then the calculation of the sections and the number of batteries is done by analogy with a simple calculation.

Batteries.

But in order for all rooms to be warm enough, you also need to decide on the exact number of sections, based on the quadrature of the room and possible heat losses.

Before calculating the number of batteries or sections of heating radiators per square meter for the area of ​​a certain room in a private house or apartment, make sure that the selection of the device was correct, and it really suits your case. Let's consider their types briefly.

Aluminum

Aluminum radiators can be made from primary or secondary raw materials. The latter are noticeably inferior in quality, but they are cheaper. The main advantages of aluminum batteries:

• High heat dissipation,
• Light weight,
• Simple universal design,
• Resistance to high pressures,
• Low inertness (heat up and cool down quickly, which allows you to quickly adjust the room temperature),
• Reasonable price (300-500 rubles per section).

Aluminum is sensitive to alkalis in the composition of the coolant, therefore, the core is often covered with a layer of polymers, which increases the service life of the product. The main part of the models is made by casting, extrusion (extruded) sections are much less represented. Popular manufacturers: Sira, Global, Rifar and Thermal.

Bimetallic

Heat loss compensation

In order for the power of the batteries to be enough to heat the room, you need to make some adjustments:

• Round up fractional values... It is better to let some power reserve remain, and the desired temperature level is adjusted using a thermostat.
• If the room has two windows, then you need to divide the calculated number of sections by two and install them under each of the windows. Heat will rise, creating a heat curtain for cold air entering the apartment through the glass unit.
• Multiple sections need to be added if two walls in the room face the street, or the ceiling height reaches more than 3 m.

Additionally, it is worth considering the features of the heating system. Autonomous or individual heating is much more efficient than central systems in multi-storey buildings. If the already cooled coolant flows through the pipes, the radiators will not be able to work at full capacity.

Are savings possible?

Accurate mathematics in the process of choosing the power of radiators and the number of sections allows you to make the room warm enough and comfortable to live in. This approach there are also financial advantages: you can save money without overpaying for unnecessary equipment. Even more impressive savings occur when using modern plastic windows (provided they are correctly installed) and the presence of thermal insulation of the walls.

One of the most important issues in creating comfortable living conditions in a house or apartment is a reliable, correctly calculated and installed, well-balanced heating system. That is why the creation of such a system is the most important task when organizing the construction of your own house or when carrying out major repairs in an apartment of a high-rise building.

Despite the modern variety of heating systems of various types, the proven scheme remains the leader in popularity: pipe circuits with a coolant circulating through them, and heat exchange devices - radiators installed in the premises. It would seem that everything is simple, the batteries are under the windows and provide the required heating ... However, you need to know that the heat transfer from the radiators must correspond to the area of ​​the room and a number of other specific criteria. Thermal calculations based on the requirements of SNiP is a rather complicated procedure performed by specialists. Nevertheless, you can do it on your own, of course, with an acceptable simplification. This publication will tell you how to independently calculate the heating batteries for the area of ​​the heated room, taking into account various nuances.

But, for a start, you need to at least briefly familiarize yourself with the existing heating radiators - the results of the calculations will largely depend on their parameters.

Briefly about the existing types of heating radiators

• Steel radiators of panel or tubular construction.
• Cast iron batteries.
• Aluminum radiators of several modifications.
• Bimetallic radiators.

Steel radiators

This type of radiator has not gained much popularity, despite the fact that some models are given a very elegant design. The problem is that the disadvantages of such heat exchange devices significantly exceed their advantages - low price, relatively small weight and ease of installation.

The thin steel walls of such radiators do not have enough heat - they quickly heat up, but also cool down just as rapidly. Problems can also arise during water hammer - the welded joints of the sheets sometimes leak. In addition, inexpensive models that do not have a special coating are prone to corrosion, and the service life of such batteries is short - usually manufacturers give them a rather short warranty.

In the overwhelming majority of cases, steel radiators are an integral structure, and it is not possible to vary the heat transfer by changing the number of sections. They have a rated thermal power, which must be immediately selected based on the area and characteristics of the room where they are planned to be installed. The exception is that some tubular radiators have the ability to change the number of sections, but this is usually done on order, during manufacture, and not at home.

Cast iron radiators

Representatives of this type of batteries are probably familiar to everyone from early childhood - these are the kind of accordions that were previously installed literally everywhere.

Perhaps such MC-140-500 batteries did not differ in particular elegance, but they faithfully served more than one generation of residents. Each section of such a radiator provided a heat transfer of 160 watts. The radiator is prefabricated, and the number of sections, in principle, was not limited by anything.

Currently, there are many modern cast iron radiators on sale. They are already distinguished by a more elegant appearance, flat, smooth outer surfaces that make cleaning easier. Exclusive versions are also produced, with an interesting relief pattern of cast iron casting.

With all this, such models fully retain the main advantages of cast iron batteries:

• The high heat capacity of cast iron and the massiveness of the batteries contribute to long-term retention and high heat transfer.
• Cast iron batteries, with proper assembly and high-quality sealing of joints, are not afraid of water hammer, temperature changes.
• Thick cast iron walls are not susceptible to corrosion and abrasion. Almost any heat carrier can be used, so such batteries are equally good for both autonomous and central heating systems.

If you do not take into account the external data of old cast-iron batteries, then among the shortcomings can be noted the fragility of the metal (accentuated blows are unacceptable), the relative complexity of installation, associated more with massiveness. In addition, not all wall partitions will be able to support the weight of such radiators.

Aluminum radiators

Aluminum radiators, having appeared relatively recently, very quickly gained popularity. They are relatively inexpensive, have a modern, rather elegant appearance, and have excellent heat dissipation.

High-quality aluminum batteries can withstand a pressure of 15 or more atmospheres, a high coolant temperature - about 100 degrees. At the same time, the heat output from one section for some models sometimes reaches 200 W. But at the same time, they are small in mass (the weight of the section is usually up to 2 kg) and do not require a large volume of coolant (capacity - no more than 500 ml).

Aluminum radiators are on sale both as stackable batteries, with the ability to change the number of sections, and as solid products designed for a certain power.

Disadvantages of aluminum radiators:

• Some types are highly susceptible to oxygen corrosion of aluminum, with a high risk of gassing. This imposes special requirements on the quality of the coolant, therefore, such batteries are usually installed in autonomous heating systems.
• Some non-separable aluminum radiators, whose sections are manufactured using extrusion technology, can leak at the joints under certain unfavorable conditions. At the same time, it is simply impossible to carry out repairs, and you will have to change the entire battery as a whole.

Of all the aluminum batteries, the highest quality is made with the use of anodic oxidation of the metal. These products are practically not afraid of oxygen corrosion.

Outwardly, all aluminum radiators are roughly similar, so you need to read the technical documentation very carefully when making a choice.

Bimetallic heating radiators

Such radiators in their reliability compete with cast iron, and in terms of heat output - with aluminum. The reason for this is their special design.

Each of the sections consists of two, upper and lower, steel horizontal collectors (item 1), connected by the same steel vertical channel (item 2). The connection into a single battery is made with high quality threaded couplings (pos. 3). High heat dissipation is ensured by the outer aluminum shell.

Steel inner pipes are made of metal that does not corrode or has a protective polymer coating. Well, the aluminum heat exchanger does not come into contact with the coolant under any circumstances, and corrosion is absolutely not terrible for it.

Thus, a combination of high strength and wear resistance with excellent thermal performance is obtained.

Prices for popular heating radiators

Heating radiators

Such batteries are not afraid of even very large pressure surges, high temperatures. They are, in fact, universal, and are suitable for any heating systems, however, they still show the best performance characteristics in conditions of high pressure of the central system - they are of little use for circuits with natural circulation.

Perhaps their only drawback is the high price compared to any other radiators.

For ease of perception, there is a table showing the comparative characteristics of radiators. Symbols in it:

• TS - tubular steel;
• Chg - cast iron;
• Al - ordinary aluminum;
• AA - anodized aluminum;
• BM - bimetallic.

	Chg	TS	Al	AA	BM
Maximum pressure (atmospheres)
working	6-9	6-12	10-20	15-40	35
crimping	12-15	9	15-30	25-75	57
destruction	20-25	18-25	30-50	100	75
Limitation on pH (hydrogen index)	6,5-9	6,5-9	7-8	6,5-9	6,5-9
Corrosion susceptibility by:
oxygen	No	Yes	No	No	Yes
stray currents	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
electrolytic vapors	No	weak	Yes	No	weak
Section capacity at h = 500 mm; Dt = 70 °, W	160	85	175-200	216,3	up to 200
Warranty, years	10	1	3-10	30	3-10

Video: recommendations for choosing heating radiators

You may be interested in information about what constitutes

How to calculate the required number of heating radiator sections

It is clear that a radiator installed in the room (one or more) must provide heating to a comfortable temperature and compensate for the inevitable heat loss, regardless of the weather outside.

The base value for calculations is always the area or volume of the room. By themselves, professional calculations are very complex, and take into account a very large number of criteria. But for everyday needs, you can use simplified methods.

The easiest ways to calculate

It is generally accepted that 100 W per square meter of floor space is sufficient to create normal conditions in a standard living space. Thus, you just need to calculate the area of ​​the room and multiply it by 100.

Q = S× 100

Q- the required heat transfer from heating radiators.

S- the area of ​​the heated room.

If you plan to install a non-separable radiator, then this value will become a guideline for the selection of the required model. In the case when batteries will be installed that allow a change in the number of sections, one more calculation should be carried out:

N = Q/ Qus

N- the calculated number of sections.

Qus- specific thermal power of one section. This value is necessarily indicated in the technical passport of the product.

As you can see, these calculations are extremely simple, and do not require any special knowledge of mathematics - a tape measure is enough to measure a room and a piece of paper for calculations. In addition, you can use the table below - there are already calculated values ​​for rooms of various sizes and certain capacities of the heating sections.

Section table

However, it must be remembered that these values ​​are for a standard ceiling height (2.7 m) of a high-rise building. If the height of the room is different, then it is better to calculate the number of battery sections based on the volume of the room. For this, an average indicator is applied - 41 V t t thermal power per 1 m³ of volume in a panel house, or 34 W - in a brick one.

Q = S × h× 40 (34)

where h- ceiling height above floor level.

Further calculation is no different from the one presented above.

Detailed calculation taking into account the features premises

Now let's move on to more serious calculations. The simplified calculation technique given above can give the owners of a house or apartment a "surprise". When the installed radiators will not create the required comfortable microclimate in the living quarters. And the reason for this is a whole list of nuances that the considered method simply does not take into account. Meanwhile, such nuances can be very important.

So, the area of ​​the room is again taken as a basis and all the same 100 W per m². But the formula itself already looks somewhat different:

Q = S× 100 × A × B × C ×D× E ×F× G× H× I× J

Letters from A before J the coefficients are conventionally designated, taking into account the features of the room and the installation of radiators in it. Let's consider them in order:

A is the number of external walls in the room.

It is clear that the higher the area of ​​contact between the room and the street, that is, the more external walls in the room, the higher the total heat loss. This dependence is taken into account by the coefficient A:

• One outer wall - A = 1.0
• Two outer walls - A = 1.2
• Three outer walls - A = 1.3
• All four walls are external - A = 1.4

B - orientation of the room to the cardinal points.

The maximum heat loss is always in rooms that do not receive direct sunlight. This is, of course, the northern side of the house, and the eastern side can also be attributed here - the rays of the Sun are here only in the morning, when the luminary has not yet “reached full power”.

The southern and western sides of the house are always warmed up by the Sun much more strongly.

Hence, the values ​​of the coefficient V :

• The room faces north or east - B = 1.1
• South or west rooms - B = 1, that is, it may not be counted.

C is a coefficient that takes into account the degree of wall insulation.

It is clear that the heat loss from the heated room will depend on the quality of the thermal insulation of the outer walls. Coefficient value WITH take equal:

• Middle level - the walls are lined with two bricks, or their surface insulation with another material is provided - C = 1.0
• External walls are not insulated - C = 1.27
• A high level of insulation based on thermal engineering calculations - C = 0.85.

D - features of the climatic conditions of the region.

Naturally, it is impossible to equal all the basic indicators of the required heating power "one size fits all" - they also depend on the level of winter temperatures below zero, typical for a particular area. This takes into account the coefficient D. To select it, the average temperatures of the coldest decade of January are taken - usually this value is easy to check with the local hydrometeorological service.

• - 35 ° WITH and below - D = 1.5
• - 25 ÷ - 35 ° WITH – D = 1.3
• up to - 20 ° WITH – D = 1.1
• not lower - 15 ° WITH – D = 0.9
• not lower - 10 ° WITH – D = 0.7

E - coefficient of the height of the ceilings of the room.

As already mentioned, 100 W / m² is the average value for a standard ceiling height. If it differs, you should enter a correction factor E:

• Up to 2.7 m – E = 1,0
• 2,8 – 3, 0 m – E = 1,05
• 3,1 – 3, 5 m – E = 1, 1
• 3,6 – 4, 0 m – E = 1.15
• More than 4.1 m - E = 1.2

F - coefficient taking into account the type of premises located above

Arranging a heating system in rooms with a cold floor is a pointless exercise, and the owners always take action in this matter. But the type of room located above, often does not depend on them in any way. Meanwhile, if the top is a residential or insulated room, then the total demand for thermal energy will significantly decrease:

• cold attic or unheated room - F = 1.0
• insulated attic (including - and insulated roof) - F = 0.9
• heated room - F = 0.8

G - coefficient of account of the type of installed windows.

Different window structures are not equally susceptible to heat loss. This takes into account the coefficient G:

• ordinary wooden frames with double glazing - G = 1.27
• windows are equipped with a single-chamber double-glazed window (2 glasses) - G = 1.0
• single-chamber glass unit with argon filling or double glass unit (3 glasses) - G = 0.85

H - coefficient of the area of ​​the glazing of the room.

The total amount of heat loss also depends on the total area of ​​the windows installed in the room. This value is calculated based on the ratio of the area of ​​the windows to the area of ​​the room. Depending on the result obtained, we find the coefficient N:

• Ratio less than 0.1 - H = 0, 8
• 0.11 ÷ 0.2 - H = 0, 9
• 0.21 ÷ 0.3 - H = 1, 0
• 0.31 ÷ 0.4 - H = 1, 1
• 0.41 ÷ 0.5 - H = 1.2

I - coefficient taking into account the radiator connection diagram.

Their heat transfer depends on how the radiators are connected to the supply and return pipes. This should also be taken into account when planning the installation and determining the required number of sections:

• a - diagonal connection, supply from above, return from below - I = 1.0
• b - one-way connection, supply from above, return from below - I = 1.03
• c - two-way connection, both supply and return from the bottom - I = 1.13
• d - diagonal connection, supply from below, return from above - I = 1.25
• d - one-way connection, supply from below, return from above - I = 1.28
• e - one-sided bottom connection of return and supply - I = 1.28

J - coefficient taking into account the degree of openness of the installed radiators.

Much also depends on how open the installed batteries are for free heat exchange with the room air. Existing or artificially created barriers can significantly reduce the heat transfer of the radiator. This takes into account the coefficient J:

a - the radiator is located openly on the wall or not covered by a window sill - J = 0.9

b - the radiator is covered from above with a window sill or shelf - J = 1.0

c - the radiator is covered from above with a horizontal protrusion of the wall niche - J = 1.07

d - the radiator is covered from above with a window sill, and from the front parties — partswell covered with a decorative cover - J = 1.12

e - the radiator is completely covered with a decorative casing - J = 1.2

⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰ ⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰ ⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰ ⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰⃰

Well, finally, that's all. Now you can substitute the required values ​​and the coefficients corresponding to the conditions into the formula, and the output will be the required thermal power for reliable heating of the room, taking into account all the nuances.

After that, it will remain either to choose a non-separable radiator with the required heat output, or to divide the calculated value by the specific thermal power of one section of the battery of the selected model.

Surely, to many, such a calculation will seem excessively cumbersome, in which it is easy to get confused. To facilitate the calculations, we suggest using a special calculator - all the required values ​​are already included in it. The user only needs to enter the requested initial values ​​or select the required items from the lists. The "calculate" button will immediately lead to an accurate result rounded up.