Speech development. lexical topic "birds of passage"

Nadezhda Nikolaeva
A Tale of Wintering and Migratory Birds

A Tale of Wintering and Migratory Birds

Forest Doctor - Woodpecker said: “I have a strong beak and a long tongue - I can pull out the tree-destroying bark beetles from anywhere. Trees are not allowed to grow without my supervision, neither in winter nor in summer.”

Owl said: “I also can’t fly to warm places. There are a lot of mice in the summer, and if you don’t destroy them in the winter, they will eat all the mushrooms and berries in the summer.”

Pigeon said: “I want to stay because I’m used to people. It’s warm on the roofs of houses and that’s where my nests are. I don’t want to leave my home.”

Sparrow thought: “Chick-chirp, jump-jump. We are nimble and fast sparrows. People hang feeders in winter, feeding us and others birds. I think we won’t experience hunger.

These birds have become wintering birds.

Rest birds - heron, a swan, a seagull, a crane, a duck flew away because the water in rivers and lakes freezes in winter, and they are waterfowl.

Starlings, swallows, cuckoos and others birds which ate insects also flew to warmer climes and became migratory.

One rook thought for a long time, and when the snow covered the scattered grains in the fields, he also decided to fly away, but promised to return first.

Since then it has been like this: alone birds flew to warm regions where the water does not freeze and there are a lot of fish and insects. Some birds stay and feed themselves in winter. And many birds were left in the care of people to cultivate kindness and sensitivity towards their feathered friends.

Publications on the topic:

Conversation about wintering and migratory birds Target. To form a generalized idea of ​​wintering and migratory birds, to learn to distinguish them by essential characteristics, the possibility of satisfaction.

Children and adults educational project on ecology “We are friends of wintering birds” Project passport Project type: natural science Duration: short-term (weekly) Participants: educators, parents, secondary school children.

The ecological holiday "Titmouse Day" is celebrated in many parts of our country. On this day, kind, caring people meet wintering birds.

Summary of educational activities on the formation of ideas about wintering birds in the preparatory school group “Young ornithologists” Topic: “Young ornithologists” Prepared by teacher: Svetlana Leonidovna Kargina Purpose: to clarify and expand ideas about wintering birds.

“Conversation about wintering and migratory birds.” Program content: - to consolidate the concept of “wintering” birds, “migratory” birds; - clarify knowledge.

Lesson summary “Visiting wintering birds” Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution Kindergarten No. 1 “Alyonushka” urban district city of Oktyabrsky Republic.

Educational activity “Meeting migratory birds” Goal: To clarify children’s knowledge about spring and migratory birds. Educational objectives: To clarify and expand children’s ideas about spring and signs.

An educational fairy tale for a conversation about domestic animals and birds and their young One day, near the yard, a cub woke up and began calling for its mother. Suddenly he heard frogs croaking nearby. The cub thought they were laughing.

STORK

This is an old friend of ours:
He lives on the roof of the house -
Long-legged, long-nosed,
Long-necked, voiceless.
He flies to hunt
For frogs to the swamp.
Since ancient times, people have considered white storks to be a symbol of good luck and success. If storks have built a nest on the roof of a house, this should certainly bring happiness to its owner.
People have composed many legends about storks. According to one of them, storks bring newborn babies to parents, and according to another, storks often throw precious stones into the chimneys of chimneys on which they have built a nest. On Annunciation, cookies with the image of a stork were baked for the arrival of storks. Children threw cookies up and asked the stork to bring a good harvest.
From time immemorial, storks have settled next to humans. A male stork chooses a girlfriend with whom he lives his whole life. A pair of storks builds a large nest of branches, which is usually located on trees or rocks, but more often on man-made structures: houses, tall factory chimneys, or on power transmission poles.
The nest is used for storks a cozy home many years. Every year, returning from warm countries in the spring, storks repair the nest and weave new branches into it.
In mid-spring, the female lays 3 to 8 eggs. They are incubated by both parents. After 4–6 weeks, the eggs hatch into small storks. After another two months, the chicks begin to learn to fly and go on their first hunt with their parents.
Storks feed on frogs and lizards, as well as mollusks, worms, insects and their larvae.
MYSTERY
This white-winged bird
It doesn't fit in the zoo.
To make people smile
Flies towards them with a package... (stork)
(N. Kindness) FOLK SIGNS A flying stork portends to those who see it health and harvest, marriage and health; motionless stork - illness, drought, celibacy. Money in your pocket when meeting a stork promises wealth, and empty pockets promise losses.

HERON

Stands on one leg
He looks intently into the water,
Pokes his beak at random -
Looking for frogs in the river.
(A. Picture)
You, of course, guessed that these poems are dedicated to the heron. Herons live on the banks of ponds and swamps on all continents of our planet, except Antarctica.
Herons' favorite food is small fish and frogs. When stalking prey, a heron can for a long time stand in one place motionless, sometimes leaning on one leg. Seeing a fish approaching, the heron makes a sharp movement of its head and grabs the prey. The special structure of the neck allows the heron to make very fast and sharp lunges with its head.
Frogs only see moving objects, so they simply do not notice a stationary heron. And the heron lures the fish by moving in the water long fingers legs The fish think that worms are crawling along the bottom and swim straight into the heron’s beak.
Herons live in large families, making nests in trees, or even just on the ground. The female lays large greenish eggs, from which chicks hatch after about a month. They are completely naked and helpless. The chicks are constantly asking for food, and the male heron is forced to spend the whole day looking for food. The female remains in the nest. When the chicks grow up a little, the female goes hunting with the male.
It's interesting to watch herons fly. While most other birds stretch their necks and heads forward, herons, on the contrary, draw their necks deep into their shoulders.
Some species of heron have a distinctive mane of long feathers on their head, neck or back.
PUZZLES
This bird has
The beak is like two spokes.
She walks on the water
Every now and then my nose gets wet.
(Heron)
* * *
This is who is standing in the swamp
On one leg in a nap?
Who has a drop on his beak?
Well, of course it is... (heron)

SPARROW

Little Sparrows,
Little gray feathers!
Peck, peck the crumbs
From the palm of my hand!
(S. Egorov)
Sparrows are long-time neighbors of humans. They build their nests next to people's houses, and sometimes right on them - under the roof, in cracks in walls or behind the eaves of windows and doors. Sparrows are surprisingly unpretentious. They eat any food and help gardeners by destroying harmful insects. But on occasion they can also harm crops by pecking out grains. “Beat the thief!” - the peasants shouted in the old days when they saw a flock of small birds in their fields. This is where the name sparrow comes from.
There are city and field sparrows. City sparrows are small, gray birds, while field sparrows are brighter in color - they have a brown cap on their heads and two light stripes on their wings.
Daring Sparrow
Shown from the asphalt
In front of a flock of pigeons
And a jump and a somersault.
(Yu. Parfenov)
Sparrows communicate with each other by loudly chirping, reporting feeding locations or that a predator is creeping up on the flock. Together it is easier to find food and avoid danger. Sometimes a flock of sparrows fought back even a formidable hawk!
During the warm season, a sparrow manages to lay eggs 2–3 times and hatch offspring. Scientists have calculated that with such fertility, sparrows should have already displaced all other birds from our planet. But this does not happen, because not all chicks survive, dying in the claws and beaks of predatory animals and birds.
MYSTERY
Little boy
In a gray army jacket
Snooping around the yards
Collects crumbs.
(Sparrow) PROVERBS AND SAYINGS
A hungry sparrow sits on the chaff.
And the sparrow chirps at the cat.
You can't fool an old sparrow with chaff.

MARTIN

The sun is warming up hot,
Streams are babbling in the yard,
And at our window
A flock of swallows is calling.
They flew up... Hush, hush...
They hover around the porch screaming.
These are swallows under the roof
They build nests for chicks.
(N. Zabila)
One of the fastest birds is swallows. Their body shape is ideally suited for flight, with arrow-shaped wings and a forked tail. Externally, swallows look like swifts.
Swallows' legs are weak and it is difficult for them to support their body. That's why swallows never walk on the ground. They fly all the time, and when they get tired, they sit on tree branches or telegraph wires. Swallows even drink on the fly, scooping up water from the river with their beaks.
Like other migratory birds, with the onset of cold weather, swallows fly south to warm countries for the winter. In the spring they always return to their native places.
You can predict the weather by the behavior of swallows. If swallows are circling high in the sky, it will be warm and dry. But they fly almost close to the ground, which means it will rain soon. Why is that? It turns out that before the rain, insects that are exposed to moisture from the atmosphere descend to the surface of the earth. Swallow hunters also rush after them.
Swallows build nests from lumps of clay, joining them with saliva. For the barn swallow, the entrance to the nest is located at the top, and for the city swallow, it is on the side. The inside of the nest is lined with down and feathers. Shore swallows dig holes in the slopes of steep river banks.
MYSTERY
Comes to us with warmth,
It's been a long journey.
Builds a house under the window
Made from grass and clay.
(Swallow) FOLK SIGNS
Early swallows - for happiness harvest year.
The swallow begins the day, the nightingale ends the evening.
Swallows fly high in the sky - it means good weather, and if they fly low - it means rain.
The cuckoo brings news of summer, the swallow brings warm days.

Wonderful pictures with migratory and wintering birds. Which birds remain to spend the winter in their homeland, and which ones fly away?

Walking through a park or forest, we listen to birds singing and often simply don’t think about which bird trills so nicely. There are birds that live in our area all year round, but there are also those who fly to “warmer climes” in the fall.

The fact is that in winter it is very difficult for birds to find food for themselves, because insects, berries and grains become scarce, and when snow falls, it is almost impossible to find them at all. AND different types birds solve this problem in different ways: migratory birds fly hundreds and even thousands of kilometers to warmer countries, and sedentary birds adapt to our harsh winters.

A tit in the snow, which apparently wants to eat some seeds

Settled, wintering birds: list, photos with names

To help the birds that remain over the winter find food, feeders are hung. And it is quite possible that they will be of interest to the following visitors:

• Sparrow. Noisy sparrows that fly in flocks may well become the first visitors to the feeder.

• Tit. Tits are in many ways not inferior to sparrows; they quickly rush to feed in feeders. But compared to sparrows, tits are endowed with a more gentle disposition. Interestingly, in the summer the tit eats almost as much food as it weighs. You can often see mixed flocks of both sparrows and tits at feeders.

• Gaichka. A close relative of the tit. However, the chickadee's breast is not yellow, but light brown. The chickadee also differs from other tits in that it makes a hollow in a tree to make a nest in it.

The chickadee is a special type of tit

• Crow. Ravens are often confused with rooks. It is known that in the western part of Russia crows are very rare. Therefore, if you live in the European part of Russia and see a black bird emitting a piercing croak, then most likely it is a rook.

• Pigeon. The distribution and lifestyle of pigeons was largely influenced by people who simply brought them with them to different parts of the Earth. Now pigeons are found on all continents except Antarctica. Pigeons easily exchange rocks, which are their natural habitat, for man-made structures.

The nodding gait of pigeons is due to the fact that this makes it easier for them to examine the object of interest to them.

• Woodpecker. In the warm season, woodpeckers feed mainly on insects, which they get from under the bark of trees, and in the cold winter, they can also feed on plant foods: seeds and nuts.

• Magpie. The magpie is considered a bird with high intelligence, she is able to express a lot of emotions, including sadness, and knows how to recognize her reflection in the mirror. It is interesting that not only its fellow birds react to the alarming cry of a magpie, but also other birds, as well as wild animals, in particular bears and wolves.

Magpie - wintering bird

• Owl. Owls come in different varieties, large and small, and there are more than 200 species in total. These birds are endowed with acute vision and excellent hearing, which allows them to lead a nocturnal lifestyle. It’s interesting that the tufts on an owl’s head are not ears; owls’ real ears are hidden in the feathers, and one of them is directed upward, and the other downward, in order to better hear what is happening above the head and on the ground.

Owl is a night bird

• This bird is also considered an owl and is a close relative of other owls.

• A rare owl that lives mainly in mountainous areas in northern latitudes. Name of the bird different versions means "inedible" or "insatiable."

• Jackdaw. Externally, jackdaws are similar to rooks and crows; moreover, there are mixed flocks in which all three species of birds can be seen. However, the jackdaw is smaller in size than the crow. And if you are lucky enough to observe a jackdaw up close, you can easily recognize it by the gray color of some of its feathers.

• Nuthatch. This little bird climbs tree trunks very deftly. In summer, nuthatches hide seeds and nuts in the bark, and in winter they feed on these supplies.

• Crossbill. Like the nuthatch, this bird is excellent at climbing trees and can hang upside down on branches. Crossbill's favorite food is seeds from spruce and pine cones. This bird is remarkable in that it can hatch chicks even in winter, but only if there is enough food.

• Bullfinch. Only males have bright red plumage on the chest; females look much more modest. Bullfinches are more often seen in winter, because due to lack of food, they are drawn to people. In summer, bullfinches prefer wooded areas and behave inconspicuously, so they are not easy to see.

• Waxwing. A bird with beautiful plumage and a singing voice. In summer it feeds mainly on insects and likes to settle in coniferous forests. In winter, the waxwing moves to more southern regions of the country and is often found in cities. In the cold season, rowan and other fruits become the main food for birds.

• Jay. A large bird, which, however, can fly to feast on a feeder hung by people. In the summer it is rarely seen in the city, but closer to winter the bird begins to reach out to human habitation.

• Kinglet. One of the smallest birds, the weight of an adult male is only 5-7 grams. Kinglets are relatives of sparrows.

Kinglet - forest dweller

• . A large bird that is a favorite trophy for many hunters. Pheasants can fly, but most often move on foot.

• Grouse. It is also an object of hunting, despite the fact that this bird is quite small. The weight of an adult hazel grouse rarely reaches 500 g. Interestingly, the largest population of these birds lives in Russia.

The hazel grouse is a bird that is related to the black grouse

• Another bird that is related to hunting. Black grouse are found at the edge of the forest and in the forest-steppe.

• Falcon. It is considered one of the smartest birds on the planet and one of the best hunters. The falcon is capable of working in tandem with a person, but it is very difficult to tame it.

• . Like the falcon, it is a bird of prey. A hawk's vision is 8 times sharper than a human's. And rushing after prey, the hawk can reach speeds of up to 240 km/h.

Migratory and nomadic birds: list, photos with names

• Rooks differ from crows in having a gray-yellow beak. In Kuban and Ukraine, you can see how in the fall rooks gather in huge flocks, so large that the sky seems black from the birds soaring in it - these are rooks that fly south. However, rooks are classified as migratory birds only conditionally, some of them remain to winter in central Russia, some winter in Ukraine, and only some birds fly to the warm shores of Turkey for the winter.

• They really like to fly to freshly dug ground, sometimes they fly right behind a plowing tractor in order to have time to get as many worms and larvae as possible from the dug up ground.

• This inconspicuous bird with a singing voice loves warmth, and therefore flies south in the fall. And for wintering, our native nightingales chose hot Africa. These birds fly to winter in eastern part continent - Kenya and Ethiopia. However, local residents cannot enjoy their singing, because nightingales sing only during the mating season, which takes place in their homeland.

• Martin. Swallows love rocky terrain; they often settle on the steep walls of quarries that people have dug. However, our winters are too harsh for swallows and therefore in the fall they fly to the southern part of Africa, far from us, or to Tropical Asia.

• Chizh. Like the rook, it is a migratory bird that arrives early and winters nearby: in the Caucasus, Kazakhstan and southern Europe. Externally, siskins are inconspicuous, their gray-green feathers are absolutely not noticeable against the background of the branches. The bird's temperament matches its appearance: quiet and meek.

• Goldfinch. In Europe it is a wintering bird, however, in Russia goldfinches can only be seen in summer. By winter, goldfinches gather in flocks and move to lands with a warmer climate. Goldfinches are close relatives of siskins.

The goldfinch is one of the most colorful birds

• A slender bird that runs quickly along the ground and shakes its tail with every step. Wagtails spend the winter in eastern Africa, south asia, and sometimes in southern Europe.

• Quail. The only bird from the Galliformes order that is migratory. The weight of an adult quail is not so large and amounts to 80-150 g. In summer, quails can be found in fields sown with wheat and rye. Quails winter far beyond the borders of our homeland: in southern Africa and southern Asia, on the Hindustan Peninsula.

• Thrush. The song thrush, with its sweet trills, creates worthy competition for the nightingale. And his appearance, like that of the nightingale, is inconspicuous. In winter, blackbirds become Europeans: Italy, France and Spain are their second homeland.

• Lark. Larks return from warm countries very early; sometimes already in March you can hear their sonorous song, which becomes a harbinger of spring warmth. And larks spend the winter in Southern Europe.

• Gull. With the onset of cold weather, seagulls living on the coasts of the northern seas migrate to the Black and Caspian Seas. But over the years, seagulls are increasingly drawn to people, and increasingly remain to spend the winter in cities.

• . Swifts winter in Africa, and fly to its equatorial part or even go to the southern part of the continent.

• Starlings really need birdhouses, since most often they breed their offspring in them. And our starlings go to Southern Europe and East Africa for the winter.

This bizarre black cloud is a flock of starlings returning home

• Finch. Finches from the western part of the country winter mainly in Central Europe and the Mediterranean, and finches that live near the Urals in the summer go to winter in Southern Kazakhstan and the southern regions of Asia.

Chaffinch - a noisy inhabitant of the forest

• Heron. It is quite difficult to determine where herons spend the winter; some of them travel huge distances to South Africa, some winter in the Crimea or the Kuban, and in the Stavropol Territory, herons sometimes even remain for the winter.

• Crane. These birds are monogamous, and once having chosen a partner, they remain faithful to him throughout their lives. Cranes settle in swampy areas. And their wintering places are as diverse as those of herons: Southern Europe, Africa and even China - in all these parts of the world you can find cranes that have flown from Russia to spend the winter.

• Stork. In Russia there are black and white storks. White storks build huge nests, up to one and a half meters wide, and make very long flights to the south. Sometimes they cross half the planet and reach South Africa, a country located in the very south of Africa.

• Swan. The swan is a bird that represents devotion and romance. Swans are waterfowl, so for wintering they choose places near water, often the Caspian or Mediterranean Sea.

• Duck. Wild ducks, as a rule, do not fly far in winter and remain in the vast expanses of post-Soviet states. It is noteworthy that their domestic relatives also begin to worry in the fall and sometimes try to fly away, sometimes they even fly over fences and fly short distances.

• . Cuckoos live in forests, forest-steppe, and steppe. The vast majority of cuckoos fly to tropical and South Africa for the winter; less commonly, cuckoos winter in South Asia: India and China.

• . A small bird with a singing voice and bright plumage that flies to the tropics for the winter.

• . They wake up at dawn and are among the first to start the morning song. This little songbird used to be called a robin. Robins fly to Southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East to spend the winter and are among the first to return home.

What is the difference between migratory birds and wintering birds: presentation for preschoolers

Slide 2

Slide 3: presentation of migratory birds

Why do migratory birds fly to warmer regions where they spend the winter, and why do they come back?

Winter - ordeal for birds. And only those who can get food for themselves in harsh conditions remain to spend the winter.

What could be the ways for birds to survive in the cold season?

• Some birds store food for the winter in the summer. They hide plant seeds, nuts, acorns, caterpillars and larvae in grass and cracks in tree bark. Such birds include the nuthatch.
• Some birds are not afraid of people and live near residential buildings. In winter, they find food in feeders and garbage heaps.
• Some birds are predators and feed on rodents. There are birds of prey that can eat hares, hunt fish, small birds and bats.

If a bird can find food for itself in winter, it means it does not need to go on a tedious and difficult flight to warmer climes in the fall.

It would seem that everything is simple, and the only reason for the seasonal migration of birds is the lack of food. But really here more questions than answers. For example, imagine that a wild duck, which is a migratory bird, is provided with an artificially heated pond and a sufficient amount of food. Will she stay for the winter? Of course not. He will call her on a long journey, strong feeling, which is difficult to explain, called natural instinct.

It turns out that birds fly to warmer regions, as if out of habit, because their ancestors did this for hundreds and thousands of years.

Another question that requires an answer: why do birds return from warm countries every spring? Ornithological scientists have concluded that the beginning of the return flight is associated with the activation of sex hormones and the beginning of the breeding season. But why do birds fly thousands of kilometers and hatch their chicks exactly where they were born? Poets and romantic people say that birds, like people, are simply drawn to their homeland.

How do migratory birds know where to fly? A question to which to this day there is no clear answer. It has been experimentally proven that birds can navigate in completely unfamiliar terrain and in conditions of limited visibility, when neither the sun nor the stars are visible. They have an organ that allows them to navigate the Earth's magnetic field.

But the mystery remains how young individuals, who have never flown to warm regions before, find their own wintering place, and how do they know the route to fly? It turns out that in birds, at the genetic level, information about the point on the map where you need to fly is recorded and, moreover, a route to it is drawn.

Do migratory birds build nests in the south?

Birds wintering in warm regions do not lay eggs or hatch chicks, which means they do not need a nest. Only chicks that migratory birds will hatch in their homeland need a nest.

Which birds are the first and last to arrive in spring?

They arrive first in the spring rooks. These birds return to their homeland in early spring, when the first thawed patches in the snow appear. With their strong beaks, rooks dig out larvae in such thawed areas, which form the basis of their diet.

The last to arrive are the birds, which feed on flying insects. These are swallows, swifts, and orioles. The diet of these birds consists of:

• Komarov
• Moshek
• Horseflies
• Zhukov
• Cicadas
• Butterflies

Because for the appearance large quantity adult flying insects from larvae need warm weather and about two weeks of time, then the birds that feed on them fly to their homeland after the mass appearance of these insects.

Which birds are the first and last to fly away in the fall?

With the coming autumn cold insects complete active life cycle and go into hibernation. Therefore, the birds that feed on insects are the first to fly to warmer climes. Then the birds fly away and feed on the plants. Waterfowl are the last to fly away. There is enough food in the water for them even in autumn. And they fly away before the water in reservoirs begins to freeze.

VIDEO: Birds fly south

What flock of migratory birds promises snow?

According to popular belief, if a flock of wild ones flew south geese— you need to wait for the first snow to fall. This sign may not coincide with real weather phenomena. So in the north of Russia, geese fly to warmer climes in mid-September, and snow can fall much earlier. Let's say the first snow in Norilsk this year fell on August 25th. In the south, geese fly to warmer climes at the end of October, and sometimes even at the beginning of November. The first snow in these areas may occur around this time. But it all depends on the weather conditions in autumn. Indian summer here can last throughout October.

VIDEO: Geese gather in flocks to fly south

Which bird from the order Galliformes is migratory?

A migratory bird from the order Galliformes is quail. The quail's habitat extends beyond Russia in the west and south. In the east, these birds live up to the western coast of Lake Baikal. They are widespread in Europe, Western Asia and Africa.

For the winter they fly south. And they winter in Hindustan, Northern Africa and South-West Asia.

VIDEO: How do migratory birds fly?

A small long-winged bird of the swallow family from the order Passeriformes. A swallow flying from across the sea is connected with another world, acts as a mediator between death and life, the distant sea and the nearby land, sometimes as a receptacle for the deceased. There are numerous examples where the swallow acts as a symbol of danger, hostility and unreliability. Also, in another sense, the swallow brings life, happiness, and comfort.
In the ancient east, the swallow was considered as a symbol and image of the goddess Nina as the Great Mother.
In Egypt, the swallow was a symbol of paternal heritage because before it dies it builds a nest for its chicks. According to the myth, Isis, in the guise of a swallow, sets off to look for her murdered husband Osiris. Since the 18th Dynasty, the swallow has been revered as a sacred animal in Thebes. Swallows flying over the river of life "Eternal northern stars".
In antiquity, the swallow was revered as a symbol of the goddess Aphrodite. As the messengers of spring are celebrated in ancient Greek chants, their twittering is compared to barbarian tongues. The construction of nests on houses by swallows was not always, unlike current popular beliefs, assessed positively; it could also be an unkind omen.
Since antiquity it is believed: eating the ashes of a swallow that hatched its chicks will become irresistible to any woman; swallow blood and droppings can stimulate the growth of beautiful hair; The reddish stone chelidon (celandine) found in the stomach of young swallows has magical powers:- in the Middle Ages this deposit was used to treat epilepsy, - makes the one who wears it in his mouth invisible.
The Slavs knew that: The swallow and the dove are birds beloved by God. The swallow glorifies God with its singing. Her chirping is perceived as a prayer: “Holy God, Holy Mighty, Holy Immortal, have mercy on us.” In the folk legend about the crucifixion of Christ, swallows tried to save Him from torment: they shouted “He’s dead, he’s dead!”, stole nails, took out thorns from His crown and brought Him water.
The swallow has the functions of the patroness of home and livestock: A swallow's nest under the roof brings happiness to the home. If a swallow abandons its nest, the entire family in the house will die. The one who kills a swallow will not have luck in raising livestock, and the one who destroys her nest will lose his home or go blind, freckles will appear on his face, his mother or someone at home will die, the cow will die, the cow will lose milk or she will be milked with blood . It is also believed that the swallow’s nest protects the house from fire and that the swallow will burn down the house of the offender who destroyed its nest: it is not for nothing that it has a red spot, as if from a burn. There is a sign that a girl will soon get married if a swallow makes a nest on her house or flies into her window. If swallows and doves fly near the house when a wedding is being celebrated there, the newlyweds will be happy in their marriage. He who carries the heart of a swallow with him will be loved by women.
The swallow and its nest are used in love magic. Swallow is the messenger of spring. They say: “The swallow begins spring, but the nightingale ends.” In songs she is called the housekeeper: she brings golden keys from across the sea, with which she opens summer and closes winter. Most often, L.'s arrival is timed to coincide with the Annunciation (25.III/7.IV). In some areas southern Russia On the Forty Martyrs (9/22.III) “swallows” with open wings were baked for the arrival of birds.
Sometimes in the twitter of a swallow one can hear a complaint about the bins being empty during the winter: the sparrows have eaten all the grain. In the spring, when they see the first swallow, they try to wash their face to avoid freckles, pimples or sunburn. While washing, they said: “Lastivko, lastivko! Toby has stoneflies, give me some stoneflies!” It is also believed that if you wash your face for the first time, you will become frisky and cheerful, and get rid of drowsiness and illness. Ukrainians, Belarusians and Poles have widespread beliefs about swallows wintering in the water. On the day of St. Simeon the Stylite (1/14.IX), swallows gather together and complain to this saint that the sparrows occupied their nests and the children ruined them. Immediately after this or on the Exaltation (14/27.IX) they hide in wells in order to quickly get to the Iriy this way. In autumn, people try not to bail out water from wells, so as not to prevent swallows from flying into the irium. According to other beliefs, swallows hide in rivers and lakes, link their paws or wings into chains and sleep under water. In the spring, only young swallows fly out of the water, while the old ones lose their feathers and turn into frogs. The swallow reveals similarities with the weasel: their names are related in origin; with the help of a swallow, as well as by the color of a weasel, they determine the choice of color of livestock; at the sight of the first swallow, they take the ground from under their feet and look for a hair in it: what color it turns out to be, this is the color you should buy a horse so that the brownie likes it; A swallow flying under a cow is considered the cause of blood in the milk, just like a weasel running under a cow.

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A story about a stork for children
People have been warm to storks since ancient times.
and respectfully. There is a lot associated with these graceful long-legged birds.
legends and beliefs. The most common belief is that children
the stork brings it in its beak. People, having good feelings for these birds,
never harm them. Storks pay people in return and willingly
settle next to a person. They build their nests on water pumps
towers, on chimneys and even on the roofs of houses. It is believed that the house is on the roof
whose nest the stork has built is under the protection of good forces.
On the territory of Russia the most common are black and white storks.
But the black stork is not as trusting of people as the white one. Black storks settle in
in forests, avoiding populated areas. Their habitats begin on the banks
Baltic Sea and end in the Far East. Your name
black stork got for dark look plumage on the wings and back. But the chest
and the belly of this bird is white.
The white stork is more often found in areas inhabited by people. Stork –
tall and large bird. His height due to his long legs is more than
meters, and the wingspan is about two meters. The weight of an adult stork can
reach four kilograms. His back and chest are white, and the ends of his wings
and tail are covered with black feathers. The stork's legs and beak are red.
Another problem is related to the feeding of storks. ancient legend. She says that
one day god gathered all the frogs, snakes and lizards and told the man
destroy them. But a curious man opened the bag with these
animals, and they again spread throughout the Earth. God turned
man into a stork and forced him to collect released animals from all over
corners of our planet. Since then, storks have fed mainly on frogs,
snakes and lizards. Storks do not disdain beetles and earthworms.
They also eat various small rodents.
Storks return to their nesting sites closer to April. They repeatedly
use their old nests, which they build on tall trees and on
various buildings. Storks' nests are large, up to two meters in diameter.
Even at the most tall buildings these nests are clearly visible. Hatching
Storks lay eggs one at a time. Usually the female does this at night, and

male - during the day. The parents feed the chicks with earthworms.
It takes quite a long time to feed children - more than fifty days. TO
At the end of August, young storks, having mastered the science of flight, fly to wintering in
warm countries. And their parents follow their children only to
September Their journey is long, they are flying to the African tropics.
A story about ducks for children
Among waterfowl, the duck family
most numerous. It has more than one and a half hundred species. IN
In our country, the so-called “river ducks” are especially common,
which live on the shores of fresh water bodies. When we see a pack of wild ones
ducks, most often these are mallards. They are the ones who publish
the famous “quack-quack-quack”, familiar to us from childhood from fairy tales and stories.
“Quacking” is also typical for domestic ducks, which is exactly what happened
from a mallard. Many thousands of years ago, people began raising ducks as pets.
conditions, and during this time modern
breeds of domestic ducks.
Mallards feed on plant foods and small aquatic inhabitants. WITH
with the help of their wide beak they filter water and bottom silt,
choosing everything that might be edible. Mallards know how to dive, but they do
this is only in extreme cases. They usually stand in the water in search of food.
“sticking out”, leaving only the paws and tail on the surface. Thus
they try to reach with their beaks the plants growing at the bottom of the reservoir.
The mallard is the largest of the dabbling ducks. Its body length can reach
sixty centimeters, and the weight reaches one and a half kilograms. Color
The plumage of these ducks is inconspicuous, gray-brownish, with spots and
streaks in the front of the body. However, during the mating season, males
which are also called drakes, change their inconspicuous everyday
outfit for a bright robe. Their heads are painted deep green.
color, with a metallic tint, the feathers on the chest become brown, and
all other plumage has a neutral gray tint.

Drakes are so different at this time appearance from females that
they can be easily recognized and distinguished in any duck flock. Attracted
unusual appearance drakes, females make their choice, and
a married couple is formed. Duck couples are different
longevity.
Only the female is responsible for raising the offspring. Little ducklings with
During the first days of life, they walk and swim well. Together with mom -
Like ducks, they frolic in the water and try to get food for themselves.
In autumn, ducks living in the northern latitudes of our country begin to
fly to countries with warm climates. They usually winter in countries
Western Europe. In warmer areas of Russia, ducks may remain on
wintering in their native lands. For this reason, mallards are partly
migratory species.
A story about a seagull for children
Finding yourself on the seashore, the first thing a person does is
hears the cries of seagulls tirelessly soaring above the waves. The whole life of seagulls
inextricably linked with water. It’s not for nothing that they are called “near-water”
birds. Seagulls swim as well as they fly; they have
membranes, like those of waterfowl. In the water they sit high due to
low body density. Seagulls have white plumage and long wings. Beak
These birds have a very characteristic tail - straight, but slightly curved at the end.
Seagulls settle not only near the sea, but also near fresh water bodies. Their
can be found on lakes and large rivers. Seagulls look for food in
water and near water, but can find food on land. These
waterfowl do not disdain insects and can even hunt
small animals.
The most widespread seagull is the one with beautiful name
"silver". This is a large bird with a wingspan of one and a half meters.
Its plumage is white, but the upper surface of the wings and back are
silver-gray tint. The tips of the wings of this species of gull are black.
Herring gulls are migratory birds. In spring they arrive when
There are already clear waters in the reservoirs, and thawed patches on the ground. Seagulls settle in
large colonies in wetlands. For building nests and

When hatching chicks, seagulls form married pairs. The nest has
cone-shaped and to build it, seagulls use grass, moss and
dried seaweed. Seagull chicks are covered with reddish down. Through
a few hours after their birth they are already capable of independently
get to the water and start looking for food.
In nutrition herring gulls not picky. They also help themselves to small
fish, insects and berries. They can hunt mice. They don't disdain
seagulls and destroy other people's nests. The character of these birds, to put it mildly, is not
peaceful. They easily attack other seagulls, crows and even eagles,
to take possession of their prey. Seagulls are not afraid to look for food in places
inhabited by humans. They feed on fish waste and often
follow fishing boats. Their favorite pastime is pulling out
small fish from fishing nets.
Seagulls are quite voracious. But sometimes this gluttony plays into
man's hand. A monument has been erected in one of the American cities
seagull In this area, seagulls once saved the harvest by destroying the entire
locusts in the fields.
With the onset of late autumn, seagulls leave their habitats and
move to warmer regions, choosing the closest places
wintering. Seagulls living in the North-West of Russia fly away to warm
regions of the Baltic and North Seas, and gulls living in the east
our country, prefer to winter in Japan, Taiwan and the coast
South China Sea.
A story about geese for children
For several millennia they have been living next to humans.
geese In the countryside you can see every day how these
unpretentious large birds peacefully nibble grass near village houses.
But also in wildlife The geese feel great. In the territory
In our country, the most common white-fronted goose and gray goose are found. From
wild gray geese and modern domestic geese.
Geese are large birds. They are larger in size than ducks, but smaller than swans.
Their neck is of medium length, their orange legs are equipped with membranes for
movement in water. The beak of these birds is quite high at the base, and on

The tip of the beak has small and sharp teeth, with which geese
pinch plant food. These birds communicate with each other using
cackle, and when in a bad mood, they hiss threateningly.
As legend has it, the ability of these birds to cackle loudly at the right time
saved the famous city of Rome from conquest. When the enemies tried at night
sneak into the city unnoticed, the geese awakened by them raised an incredible
noise, and the attackers were repulsed. Since that time in our everyday life
The expression “Geese saved Rome” stuck.
Wild geese return to their nesting sites in early spring, when
The first thawed patches are just appearing on the ground. Spring arrival of geese -
an unforgettable sight. Sometimes it seems that the whole sky is filled with cackling people
birds. Having arrived, the birds settle in pairs to the places where they will be
build their nests. Geese, like swans, form stable family
couples.
The geese's nest is very simple. Usually it represents
a hole covered by some bush. They are dragged into this hole
last year's leaves of nearby plants, and then the goose plucks
It covers itself with fluff from its belly and completes the decoration of the nest with it. Egg incubation lasts
about a month. All this time the gander is nearby, protecting the nest from
dangers. But while searching for food, the geese leave the nest. They fly away
to river floodplains or shallow swamps, where there is a lot of grass and there
satisfy their hunger.
When goslings appear in the nest, the whole family moves closer to
water, where there is food and at any moment you can escape from land
predators. From the first day, goslings are able to obtain their own food and
They swim great.
At the end of summer, young geese begin to master the art of flight. At first
they make a long noise, flap their wings, and then rise into the air and
begin to fly randomly over the surface of the water. Some of them
quickly ends the flight, and someone continues to rise higher and higher
higher. During such training, young geese learn to fly in a wedge formation. WITH
at the onset of autumn, wild geese, lined up in a wedge, fly away to distant
countries until next spring.
Short stories about birds
.
Sparrow on the clock
Author: Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich
Young sparrows were jumping on the path in the garden.
And the old sparrow sat high on a tree branch and looked vigilantly, not
Will a bird of prey appear somewhere?
A robber hawk flies through the backyard. He is the fierce enemy of the small bird.

The hawk flies quietly, without noise.
But the old sparrow noticed the villain and is watching him.
The hawk is getting closer and closer.
The sparrow chirped loudly and anxiously, and all the little sparrows disappeared into the
bushes.
Everything fell silent.
Only the sentry sparrow sits on a branch. Doesn't move, the eye of the hawk doesn't
descends.
The hawk noticed the old sparrow, flapped its wings, spread its claws and
went down like an arrow.
And the sparrow fell like a stone into the bushes.
The hawk was left with nothing.
He looks around. Evil has taken the predator. His yellow eyes burn with fire.
The robber perked up and flew on. Again the sparrow sat down on the same
branch. Sits and chirps cheerfully.
Little sparrows poured out of the bushes noisily and jumped along the path.
Starlings
(Excerpt)

... We were looking forward to the old ones flying into our garden again
acquaintances - starlings, these cute, cheerful, sociable birds, the first
migratory guests, joyful heralds of spring.
So, we waited for the starlings. We fixed up the old birdhouses,
damaged by the winter winds, new ones were hung.
... The sparrows imagined that this courtesy was being done for them, and immediately
At the first warmth, the birdhouses took over.
Finally on the nineteenth, in the evening (it was still light), someone shouted:
“Look - starlings!”
Indeed, they sat high on the branches of poplars and, after the sparrows, seemed
unusually large and too black...
For two days the starlings seemed to be gaining strength and were hanging out and inspecting everything.
familiar places from last year. And then the eviction of sparrows began.
Particularly violent clashes between starlings and sparrows
did not notice. Usually skurts sit in twos high above the birdhouses and,
Apparently, they are chatting carelessly about something among themselves, while they are alone
eye, sideways, looking intently down. It's scary and difficult for the sparrow.
No, no - he sticks his sharp, cunning nose out of the round hole - and back.
Finally, hunger, frivolity, and perhaps timidity make themselves felt.
“I’m flying off,” he thinks, “for a minute and right back.” Maybe I'll outwit you.
Maybe they won’t notice.” And only manages to fly a fathom away, like a starling
stone down and already at home.

And now the sparrow’s temporary economy has come to an end. Starlings
They take turns guarding the nest: one sits - the other flies on business.
Sparrows would never think of such a trick.
... And so, out of chagrin, great battles begin between the sparrows,
during which fluff and feathers fly into the air. And the starlings sit high on
trees and even egg them on: “Hey, you black-headed one! That one for you
the yellow-breasted one cannot be overcome forever and ever.” - "How? To me? Yes, I’ll take him now!”
- “Come on, come on...”
And there will be a landfill. However, in the spring all the animals and birds... fight much more
more...
Starling song
Author: Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich
The air has warmed up a little, and the starlings have already settled on high branches
and started their concert. I don't really know if the starling has his own
own motives, but you will hear enough of anything alien in his song.
Here are pieces of nightingale trills, and the sharp meow of an oriole, and sweet
the voice of a robin, and the musical babbling of a warbler, and a thin whistle
titmouses, and among these melodies suddenly such voices are heard that, sitting in
alone, you can’t help but laugh: a chicken cackles on a tree,
the sharpener's knife will hiss, the door will creak, the children's military trumpet will blow.
And, having made this unexpected musical digression, the starling, as if in nothing
never happened, without a break, continues his cheerful, sweet
humorous song.
Lark
Sokolov-mikitov Ivan Sergeevich
From the many sounds of the earth: the singing of birds, the fluttering of leaves on the trees,
the cod of grasshoppers, the murmur of a forest stream - the most cheerful and joyful
sound - the song of field and meadow larks. More early spring when on
There is loose snow in the fields, but in some places dark snow has already formed
thawed patches, our early spring guests arrive and begin to sing.
Rising into the sky in a column, fluttering its wings, permeated through and through
sunlight, the lark flies higher and higher into the sky, disappears into
shining blue. Amazingly beautiful, the song of the lark rings,
welcoming the arrival of spring. Looks like the breath of the awakened earth
this joyful song.
Many great composers tried in their musical works
depict this joyful song...
Much can be heard in the awakening spring forest. They squeak subtly
hazel grouse, invisible owls hooting at night. On an impenetrable swamp

Arriving cranes lead spring round dances. Over the yellow golden ones
Bees buzz through the downy feathers of a flowering willow. And in the bushes on the river bank
The first nightingale began to click and sing loudly.
Swan

The swan, in its size, strength, beauty and majestic posture, has long been
rightly called the king of all aquatic, or waterfowl. White
like snow, with shiny, transparent small eyes, with a black nose
and black paws, with a long, flexible and beautiful neck, he is inexpressibly
beautiful when it calmly floats between the green reeds on the dark blue,
smooth water surface.
Swan movements
Author: Aksakov Sergey Timofeevich
All the movements of the swan are full of charm: will he start drinking and, having scooped up
water with his nose, raise his head up and stretch his neck; will he start swimming?
dive and splash with its mighty wings, scattering far
splashes of water rolling off his furry body; will it start later?
preen himself, easily and freely throwing back his snow-white
neck, straightening and cleaning with the nose on the back, sides and tail wrinkled or
soiled feathers; will the wing spread through the air, as if long
slanting sail, and will also begin to finger every feather in it with his nose,
airing and drying it in the sun - everything is picturesque and magnificent in it.
"Swans". Lev Tolstoy.
Swans flew in a herd from cold side to warm lands. They were flying
across the sea. They flew day and night, and another day and another night they did not
resting, they flew over the water. There was a full month in the sky and the swans were far away
below us we saw blue water. All the swans were tired of waving
wings; but they did not stop and flew on. They were flying ahead
old, strong swans, those who were younger and weaker flew behind.
One young swan flew behind everyone. His strength weakened. He waved
wings and could not fly further. Then he spread his wings and went
downwards He descended closer and closer to the water; and his comrades go further and further
turned white in the monthly light. The swan descended onto the water and folded its wings.
The sea rose beneath him and rocked him.
A flock of swans was barely visible as a white line in the bright sky. And barely audible
there was silence as their wings rang. When they were completely out of sight,

the swan bent its neck back and closed its eyes. He did not move, and only the sea,
rising and falling in a wide strip, raised and lowered it.
Before dawn, a light breeze began to sway the sea. And the water splashed white
swan chest The swan opened his eyes. The dawn was red in the east, and the month and
the stars became paler. The swan sighed, stretched its neck and flapped its wings,
rose and flew, catching the water with his wings. He rose higher and
higher and flew alone over the dark, rippling waves.
Yasha. Author: Charushin E.I. (1901 - 1965).
One day I went to the zoo. There I looked at all the animals and all the birds. Saw
elephant, peacock, crocodile, various antelopes.
But for some reason I liked the simple red cat the most. Her name was
Maruska. She climbed into the beavers' cage and sat there like a real
wild animal. And then she caught a huge, nasty rat, came out
cage and carried it in her teeth past all the animals. Then this Maruska
met the zoo attendant, gave him the rat and went back to the cage
beavers - catch rats.
I walked and walked around the zoo, got tired and sat down to rest on a bench. Front
I had an aviary cage in which two large black crows lived -
raven and crow.
I sit, relax, smoke. Suddenly one raven jumped up to the very
grate, looked at me and said in a human voice:
- Give Yasha some peas!
I was even scared and confused at first.
“What,” I say, “what do you want?”
- Peas! Peas! - the raven shouted again. - Give Yasha some peas!
I didn’t have any peas in my pocket, but only a whole cake,
wrapped in paper, and a brand new, shiny penny. I threw it through
lattice bars a penny.
Yasha took the money with his thick beak, galloped off to the corner with it and stuck it in
some kind of crack. I gave him the cake too. Yasha first fed him cake
crow, and then ate his half. Interesting and smart bird! And I
I thought that only parrots could pronounce human words.
And there, in the zoo, I learned that you can teach both a magpie and
a crow, and a jackdaw, and a little starling. This is how they are taught to speak. Necessary
put the bird in a small cage and be sure to cover it with a scarf so that
the bird was not having fun. And then slowly, in an even voice, repeat
the same phrase - twenty, or even thirty times. After the lesson I need a bird
treat her to something tasty and release her into a large cage, where she always
lives.

That's all the wisdom. This raven Yasha was taught to speak like that. And on
the twentieth day of training, as soon as he was put in a small cage and
covered with a handkerchief, he said hoarsely from under the handkerchief in a human way:
- Give Yasha some peas! Give Yasha some peas!
Then they gave him peas:
- Eat, Yashenka, for your health.
It must be very interesting to have such a talking bird at home.
You will wake up in the morning, and a bird will shout to you:
- WITH Good morning! Good morning!
Or you will be asked:
- Hey. let me out for a walk! Let me out!
Perhaps I’ll buy myself a magpie or a jackdaw and teach it to speak.
Sparrow. Author: Charushin E. I.
Nikita and dad went for a walk. He was walking and walking and suddenly he heard someone
tweets: Chilik-chilik! Chilik-chilik! Chilik-chilik!
And Nikita sees that it is a little sparrow jumping along the road.
So ruffled, just like a ball rolling. His tail is short,
the beak is yellow, and it doesn’t fly anywhere. Apparently he doesn’t know how yet.
“Look, dad,” Nikita shouted, “the sparrow is not real!”
And dad says:
- No, this is a real sparrow, but only a small one. This is probably a chick
fell out of his nest.
Then Nikita ran to catch a sparrow and caught it. And this sparrow began to live
in a cage at our house, and Nikita fed him flies, worms and a bun with
milk.
Here is a sparrow living with Nikita. He screams all the time and asks for food. What a glutton
Which! As soon as the sun appears in the morning, he will chirp and wake everyone up.
Then Nikita said:
- I will teach him to fly and release him.
He took the sparrow out of the cage, sat it on the floor and began to teach.
“You flap your wings like this,” Nikita said and showed with his hands how to
fly. And the sparrow jumped under the chest of drawers.

We fed the sparrow for another day. Again Nikita put him on the floor to teach him
fly. Nikita waved his arms, and the sparrow flapped its wings.
The sparrow has flown!
So he flew over the pencil. Here's through the red fire truck
flew over. And when I started flying over the inanimate toy cat, I came across
and fell on her.
“You’re still a bad flyer,” Nikita tells him. - Let me give you another day
I'll feed you.
I fed, fed, and the next day the sparrow crossed Nikitin’s bench
flew over. Flew over a chair. Flew over the table with the jug. Here
Only he couldn’t fly over the chest of drawers - he fell.
Apparently, we still need to feed him. The next day Nikita took the sparrow with him
into the garden, and released him there.
The sparrow flew over the brick.
Flew over a stump.
And he began to fly over the fence, but bumped into it and fell.
And the next day he flew over the fence.
And flew over the tree.
And flew over the house.
And he completely flew away from Nikita.
That's how great it was to learn to fly!
What to read about migratory birds.
Tales of the Forest Edge

Forest Tales
Bear and the sun Whose thawed patch? Winter debts Crossbill and Woodpecker Who's in mine
lives at home? Who it? Naughty kids Hollow Duckling Autumn
on the threshold Who's going where Magpie and Woodpecker Cheerful wren The trial of December
Resort "Icicle"
Forest tales with the voices of animals and birds

Stories about animals for kids
Prishvin and his works
Eagle owl Zhurka Queen of spades Chicken on pillars Inventor Guys and
ducklings Meadow Hedgehog Floors of the forest Guests Eagle Nest Lemon Swat
Treacherous sausage

Whose nose is better?
The fairy tale “How Sparrow looked for Africa.” Part 1. Migratory
birds.
I lived and lived in the summer, I didn’t grieve. And then suddenly autumn came, it became cold.
Grandfather Sparrow told me that in the fall birds fly to Africa.
It’s warm there, there’s a lot of food, and that’s where they spend the winter. How I wanted this too
Find Africa and look at it at least with one eye! So I decided to
Africa to fly and jumped to look for it. I think: it’s a simple matter to Africa
get in. Now I will find migratory birds and fly with them.
Jump-jump, jump-jump, chirp-tweet, chik-tweet. And then I see starlings in
The flock has gathered, they are discussing something, they are planning to fly south. Advice
they hold - they decide who will fly after whom. And interesting with each other
they talk as if they were saying “so-so”, “so-so”, “and now not
like this”, “like this”! How amazing! Now I’ll ask them about Africa and
I’ll fly to Africa with them!
“Take me with you to Africa!” I say. And the oldest starling
answers me:
- We’re not flying to Africa! We are going to Turkmenistan. There too
warm in winter. First our kids will fly. They fly slowly, so
are the first to fly out. And then we are old people. We fly fast and they
Let's catch up. You ask other birds, maybe some of them will go to Africa
flying?

Why are you flying away for the winter?
- There is no food here. And it’s warm there and there’s plenty of food. We fly because of the food!
When spring comes, we'll come back.
- How will we, sparrows, live in winter?
-So you have food - fly to the village or to the city, there are crumbs and
feed yourself.
“Okay,” I think. “I’ll jump, fly, and chirp further.” Maybe
I’ll find some other travel companions.”
Then a lentil bird flew up to me and asked: “Where are you going?
Sparrow? Why are you fussing today, you keep jumping and flying and
Are you tweeting at everyone? Lentil is the name of this bird. Even foldable
it turns out like in poetry: the bird is a lentil! I love. And you?
“Yes, I want to fly to Africa, I’m looking for travel companions, otherwise it’s too
Cold. Will you take me with you?"
“But we lentil birds don’t fly to Africa and don’t know the way there. We are on
We are flying to India for the winter. We’ll spend the winter there in the warmth and return back.”

What to do? I had to fly further. And then - such luck -
flock of wild ducks! They sit on the lake and chatter. They're definitely flying to Africa!
- Tick-tweet, hello! Can I fly to Africa with you?
“We don’t fly to Africa for the winter,” answered the ducks. - We are flying
closer to Europe, some to where - some to England, some to France, some to
Holland. It's not Africa, of course, but it's warmer than here. Here we
You can't stay. Soon all the rivers and lakes will freeze - how are we here?
live? But when spring comes and the ice melts, we will return.
“Yes... I’ll have to look for other travel companions,” I thought further
jumped. He pecked the grain and flew off to look for fellow travelers.
Who is that sitting on the branch? Cuckoo! My grandfather is a sparrow just about them
and told me that they were flying to Africa for the winter and it was nice there in the winter
live!
- Aunt Cuckoo! Aunt Cuckoo!

What news! Sparrow! Why did you come here? I'm already in
I was about to fly away to Africa.
- Aunt Cuckoo! Take me with you to Africa! I can fly!
- How can I take you with me? We are cuckoos, never together in Africa
we don't fly. Only one at a time. We don’t even take our children with us.
First we will fly away ourselves, and they will stay here - their parents still feed them,
to which we threw the cuckoo chicks. And time will pass, and after us ours
grown-up cuckoo birds fly to Africa. And also one at a time.
- How do the cuckoos know the way?
- And this is our secret. Nobody knows her. And you find other birds that
They are flying in a flock to Africa. They will take you with them.
And here is a flock of birds - warblers and flycatchers. You already guessed why
This is what the flycatcher is called: fly - dexterity. Because they…? That's right, flies
they're catching! And not only flies, but also other insects. They're definitely going to Africa
flying.
-Where are you going?
- To Africa.
- Hooray! I want to go to Africa too! Where is this Africa?
- Far beyond the sea. Very far. It takes a lot of strength to reach it.
- Take me with you. What is the sea? Can I fly over it?
- Can you fly at night?
- No, I sleep at night.
- And we only fly at night. Otherwise the hawks and falcons will catch us. And you
and there is no need to fly with us. We are migratory birds, and you are a wintering bird.
You need to spend the winter here. Flying is a very dangerous business. They are waiting for us
There are hurricanes, cold rains, and predators ahead. You can get lost in the fog
out of the way or crash into the rocks. Not all of us will return here in the spring. Yes and on
During the winter we don’t sing songs, we don’t build nests. Here's how we'll come back in the spring
– then we’ll sing you songs and hatch out the chicks. If only we were here flies in winter,

bugs for other insects for food - we would have stayed here, we would not have flown.
And here we have nowhere to go - we have to fly. Here we are from hunger in winter
We'll die.
“Eh, why can’t I fly at night?” I was upset. I would be in danger
I wouldn't be scared. We sparrows are very brave! I'll have to stay here too
look for your Africa. I’ll go and ask the wintering birds where ours is.
Africa? And where do they warm themselves and feed in winter?
In the meantime, Sparrow Chik-Tchirik goes into the forest to look for wintering birds, come on
let's take a look at the cheerful forest school and, together with fairy-tale characters we'll find out
other forest news and see what other migratory birds, like
where they travel.
Educational fairy tale for children “Like a sparrow in Africa”
I was looking for." Part 2. Wintering birds.
Uffff, I finally got to Auntie Partridge. She probably spends the winter with us and knows where
our Africa, where you can warm up in winter.

Auntie Partridge, Hello. Our Chik-Tweet to you and greetings from me
Chiriki's mother and from my father Chirikych. Are you a wintering bird? Not anywhere
are you flying away?
- But of course, it’s wintering. I'm not flying anywhere. I live here in winter. Yes
and why should I fly away? I'm fine here!
- How do you live in the cold, are you cold and hungry? Probably you
Have you found Africa here?
- Africa? Why do we need Africa? We, the partridges, are not at all
Cold! By winter we become white as snow. We are not visible in the snow.
We are very pleased with this! And our new winter white feathers are much more
warmer than summer's pockmarked feathers, that's why we don't freeze. And that's what else we
- partridges were invented. For the winter we make mugs on our paws -
these snowshoes. For us they are like real ski poles, in such
Snowshoes - mugs are so comfortable to walk in the snow! And in the snow we don't even
let's fail! And we extract food from under the snow with our claws. Why do we need
fly somewhere if we feel good here too! So I don't know where yours is
Africa! And I don’t want to know!
- How can I live in winter? I don't have white winter feathers and
There are no snowshoes on paws either. Someone else will have to
ask. I flew on. I see a parrot sitting on a branch! Not real,
and the northern parrot. That's what we call crossbills.
- Jumping gallop! Tick-tweet! Hello crossbill! How are you? Not about Africa
are you dreaming?
- I live well. There are a lot of cones around, my house is a warm nest. Chicks
They will appear in winter, we will feed them spruce porridge from cones. What else do you need?
Come live with us on the spruce tree and you will also eat cones.
- Thanks for the invitation! Yes, with my beak I won’t chew a pine cone -
I'll stay hungry. I will fly further to look for my Africa. Someone seems

there is one ahead and he has already noticed me. Oh, how big and scary it must be!
I'll fly and meet you.
- Chick-chirp. And who are you?
- I'm a hazel grouse.
- Uncle Ryabchik, how are you spending the winter? Why didn’t they fly to southern countries?
- Why should I fly away? Here I have a fluffy warm snow blanket
- I sleep under the snow.
- What will you eat in winter?
- And we are smart birds, we swallow small pebbles, they are inside us
They will grind any food. So we won’t go hungry - we’ll eat in the winter and
pine needles and buds from branches. And you can live with us in winter - pebbles
eat, crawl under the snow.
- No, uncle hazel grouse. I won’t crawl under the snow and I won’t eat pebbles. Not
This is a sparrow's business. I’ll fly further to look for sparrow Africa.
Maybe I’ll find Africa from the wood grouse.

Grandfather Capercaillie! Hello!

I can't hear something well. Say it louder!
- Hello, grandfather Capercaillie! And you don’t know where Africa is in winter?
where can you warm up in the cold and frost?
- How can you not know? I know of course.
-Will you tell me?
- I'll tell you and even show you. Africa is with us - with wood grouse in a snowdrift! Better
Africa can't be found!
- What kind of Africa is it if the snow is cold?
“The snow on top is cold, but inside the snowdrift it’s warm and cozy.” We're in a snowdrift
Let's rest. Sometimes we sit in it for three days.
- How do you eat?
- We eat little in winter. We'll walk to the tree trunk, fly up onto the branch,
Let's eat pine needles. Let's eat enough - and again - dive - and into the snow.
Let's walk a little forward under the snow so that we won't be found and sleep in peace and
warmer. And you come to us - we will find a place for you in the snowdrift.
- Thank you, only we - sparrows - don’t sleep in a snowdrift. Probably we have
another Africa.
Want to know if Sparrow has found his Africa? Of course I found it. Here
what!
It's cold, it's cold!.. The sun doesn't warm.
To Africa, to Africa, birds, quickly!
It's hot in Africa! In winter, like in summer,
In Africa you can walk naked!
Everyone flew over the blue sea...
Only one Chik-Tweet on the fence.
Sparrows jump from branch to branch -
Chik-Chirik is looking for Africa in the garden.
Looking for Africa for his mother,
For both brothers and friends.
He lost sleep, forgot about food -
He is looking, but Africa is not in the garden!
He flew around and searched early in the morning
In the distant forest behind the clearing there is a clearing:
Rain and wind under every bush,
It's chilly and damp under every leaf.
So Chick-Chirik returned with nothing,
Sad, upset, and says:
- Mom, where is our Africa with you?
- Africa?.. Here - behind the chimney! (G. Vasiliev)
Note: Thanks to the author of this poem for the idea. Exactly
thanks to this poem, a fairy tale for children was born,
which you are reading now.

So I stayed to live with you guys. And found my Africa -
warming myself behind the chimney. And thank you for not talking about us sparrows in winter
If you forget, you put food in the feeders. Without you we would be lost in winter
at all! So I fly near your houses and tweet: “Am I alive? Alive
alive, chirp-tweet, chirp-tweet!”
And now I’ll fly to get food for myself. Winter has already come, it has become cold.
While it’s light outside you need to have time to eat your fill, otherwise at night
you'll freeze. Chik-tweet! You guessed it in sparrow style
called "goodbye".
And as a parting gift, I will give you riddles - special, sparrow ones.
Bird flights
Even in ancient times, people paid attention to annual flights
birds. This phenomenon in the life of nature is truly remarkable. WITH
with the onset of autumn cold, many of the birds that lived in our forests in the summer
and in the fields, disappear. Instead of them, others fly in, which we don’t see in the summer.
saw. And in the spring, disappeared birds appear again. Where were they and
why did you come back to us? Couldn't these birds have stayed in those places?
where did you go for the winter?
Some birds disappear for the winter and others appear not only in the north. On
in the south and even near the equator, birds make seasonal migrations. In the north
birds are forced to fly away by cold weather and lack of food, and in the south - a change
wet and dry seasons. Birds breeding in the north and in
temperate climate, spend less of the year on nesting sites, and
most spent on flights and living in wintering grounds. Nevertheless
Every year, migratory birds return to where they originated.
Last year. If the bird does not return to its homeland in the spring, it can be considered
that she died.
The better a bird finds its home, the more likely it is to
will survive and produce offspring. This is understandable: after all, any animal... in
including the bird, is most adapted to the conditions where it was born.
But when living conditions change at home, cold weather sets in,
food disappears, the bird is forced to fly to warmer and more abundant food
places. Birds that make such trips are called migratory.

Geese fly in a wedge (angle).
But there are birds that find suitable birds in their homeland all year round
conditions for existence and do not fly. These are sedentary birds.
Settlers, for example, are the inhabitants of our forests: capercaillie, hazel grouse. Some
In a favorable winter, birds remain in their homeland, and in severe winters
wander from place to place. These are nomadic birds. These include some
birds nesting high in the mountains; in the cold season they come down
into the valleys. Finally, there are birds that, given favorable winter conditions,
situation, they are sedentary, but in unfavorable years, for example, during a bad harvest
seeds of coniferous plants, fly far beyond the boundaries of their nesting
homeland. These are crossbills, waxwings, titmice, walnuts, redpolls and
many more. Those nesting in steppes and semi-deserts behave the same way.
Middle and Central Asia saji.
Some widespread bird species are migratory in some places,
and in others they are sedentary. Gray crow from the northern regions of Soviet
The Union flies to the southern regions for the winter, and in the south this bird is sedentary.
The blackbird is a migratory bird in our country, but in the cities of Western Europe it is
sedentary. The house sparrow lives all year round in the European part of the USSR, and
from Central Asia flies to India for the winter.
Migratory birds have permanent wintering grounds, but they live there, not
sticking to certain narrow areas, as when nesting.
Naturally, birds winter where natural conditions are similar to
living conditions at home: forest - in wooded places, coastal -
along the banks of rivers, lakes and seas, steppe - in the steppes. Exactly the same during
birds adhere to flights that are familiar and favorable to them
places Forest birds fly over wooded areas,
steppe birds - above the steppes, and waterfowl move along river valleys,
over lakes and sea coasts. Birds nesting on oceanic
islands, fly over the open sea. Cross the big ones
marine spaces and some continental birds. For example, seagulls
Kittiwakes nesting off the coast of the Kola Peninsula winter in the North
Western Atlantic and reach the western coast of Greenland.
Sometimes birds have to overcome unusual
for them, areas, for example deserts (in the USSR - Karakum, in Africa -
Sahara and Libyan Desert). Birds try to quickly pass such
places and fly in a “broad front”. The autumn flight begins after
how the young learn to fly. Before leaving, birds often form flocks and
sometimes roam long distances. Cold climates birds
leave in the fall earlier than warmer regions; in the spring in the north they
appear later than in the south. Every species of bird flies and flies to
a certain time, although, of course, the weather has an impact on the timing
departure and arrival.

Birds of some species fly alone, while others fly in groups or flocks. For
Many species are characterized by a certain order of arrangement of birds in a flock.
Finches and other passerines fly in random groups, crows -
in sparse chains, curlews and oystercatchers - in a line, geese and
cranes - at an angle. In most birds, males and females fly at the same time.
But the females of the chaffinch fly away earlier than the males in the fall, and the males of the storks
They arrive home in the spring before the females. Young birds sometimes fly away
for the winter before the old ones. Some birds fly during the day, others at night, and
During the day they stop to feed.
Flight speeds of birds: seagull, starling, crow, duck, golden eagle,
swift (from left to right).
The flight speed of birds during migration is relatively low. For example, at
quail - 40 km/h. The highest speed of the black swift is 160 km/h.
At such a flight speed, birds could, in a relatively short time,
reach the wintering or nesting area. But actually the flight
usually lasts for a long time. It is believed that birds at distant
flights cover from 150 to 200 km per day. Thus, for example,
passerines spend 2-3 years flying from Europe to Central Africa
and even 4 months.
During spring migration, birds usually fly faster than during autumn migration.
The shrike, for example, flies for about 3 months in the fall, and 2 in the spring.
The flight altitude is average. Many small passerines fly low above
ground, even lower - with a headwind, heavy clouds, precipitation.
Large species fly at approximately 1-2 thousand m, medium and small ones -
about 500-1000 m. However, in the Himalaya region, mountain geese on migration
were observed at an altitude of about 8 thousand m above sea level.
Some birds have to cover very large
distances. Arctic terns from the far north of America fly to winter
10 thousand km to the south of the American continent, to southern Africa and even in
Antarctica. Bee-eaters, which nest in Asia, winter in South Africa. Near
30 species of birds that nest in Eastern Siberia winter in Australia,
Far Eastern red falcons - in South Africa, some American
shorebirds - on the Hawaiian Islands. In some cases, “land” birds
forced to fly over the open sea from 3 to 5 thousand km.

The direction of flights is determined not only by the location of wintering grounds
and nesting sites, but also in places along the way that are favorable for
feeding and rest. Therefore, not all birds in the Northern Hemisphere
They fly from north to south in autumn. Many northern European birds fly
in autumn to the west and southwest and winter in Western Europe.
It also happens that birds of a certain species from the northeastern zone
The European part of the USSR is flying south towards the Caspian Sea,
and their relatives from Western Siberia- to the southwest. North American
birds usually move south towards the equator, but some species fly and
further, even to Tierra del Fuego. Black-throated loons from Western and Central
Siberians fly through the tundra to the White Sea and from there, partly by swimming,
They move for the winter to the shores of Scandinavia and the Baltic Sea.
A small bird, the Dubrovnik bunting, makes a significant migration. She
nests in floodplain meadows of river valleys, such as the Moskva and Oka rivers.
She arrives to us late in the spring, at the end of May, and flies away earlier than others
passerines, and, as we were able to trace, in the fall she flies for the winter through
all of Siberia and the Far East to Southern China.
Wintering grounds for hunting and fishing are of great economic importance.
waterfowl. Most of our nesting ducks spend the winter outside
borders of the USSR - in North-Western Europe (in the Baltic and
North Sea), in the Mediterranean region, in the lower reaches of the Danube, in
the Nile Valley, Asia Minor, Iran, India, South-East Asia. But
Many different birds also winter on the territory of the USSR - in the south of the Caspian Sea, in
Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, near the Black Sea, on Lake Issyk-Kul in
Kyrgyzstan. A huge number of ducks accumulate in these places in winter,
geese, swans, waders. Special reserves have been created to protect them.
A lot of birds die during their migrations and wintering grounds. For example,
in the Caspian Sea and Transcaucasia, tens of thousands die every winter
ducks They die from lack of food, severe frosts, deep snow and
especially from storms at sea. Waterfowl often die from oil,
spilled on the Caspian Sea during its extraction or transportation. Oil
feathers get dirty, sand sticks to them, and the birds can no longer fly. On South
In Ukraine, alternating rains and cold snaps destroy bustards. In the rain their feathers
get wet, and then freeze from the onset of cold weather.
There have been many guesses and assumptions about why birds fly away for the winter and how
they find their way when flying. Some birds fly away first
young and then old birds. Therefore, no one is young
shows the way to winter quarters. Undoubtedly, flights are of great importance
has instinct, i.e. an innate, inherited ability
to certain behavior. Nobody teaches a bird to build a nest, but
when she first begins to build it, she does it in the same way as
all birds of its species. A complex chain of external irritations causes

in an animal's body a series of interconnected responses to stimulation -
unconditioned reflexes. The disappearance of the bird’s usual food,
changes in weather, air temperature, humidity - all this makes
the bird flies away for the winter.
But why don’t birds stay in their wintering areas forever? After all, there
warmth and plenty of food. Why do they, overcoming difficult obstacles,
return to nesting sites? Science cannot yet exhaustively
explain this phenomenon. But partly this can be explained by internal
changes in the bird's body. When the breeding season begins,
various endocrine glands under the influence of external
irritants release special substances into the bird’s body - hormones.
Under the influence of hormones, the seasonal development of reproductive organs begins and progresses.
iron This, apparently, encourages the birds to migrate.
Changing external conditions also contribute to this. At wintering sites
the climate does not remain constant and changes in a direction that is worse for
birds wintering there. For example, a white owl nests in the tundra, where it is summer
cold, humid climate and a lot of lemmings, which the owl feeds on.
She spends the winter in the forest-steppe middle zone. Can this owl stay
for the summer in the hot, dry steppe, where there is little food she is used to? Of course not.
She will fly away to her native tundra. For the same reason they do not nest in Africa
our gray cranes and other migratory birds.
Sometimes birds lose direction when migrating. We met near Tomsk
lost flamingos, usually found in the Caspian Sea and the tropics; V
The vulture vulture, an inhabitant of the Caucasus Mountains, flew into the Yaroslavl region.
Birds even come to us from America: there have been cases in Ukraine
appearance of the Swainson's thrush, nesting and wintering in the American
continent.
When birds fly during the day, they can determine the direction of flight by
noticeable points (turn of a river, mountain, group of trees) and by location
sun. For long-distance flights, the most important are, apparently,
not terrestrial, but celestial landmarks: the sun - during the day, the moon and stars -
at night.
Many birds, in order not to lose each other in flight, especially at night,
They make special sounds, scream and even sing. In addition, the bird uses
voice like an echo sounder. Sound is reflected from objects falling on
the bird's path, and is caught by its very subtle hearing. That's why she doesn't
stumbles upon trees or rocks in the dark and perhaps even determines
height above the ground.
Scientists study bird migrations. First of all, science is helped in this
direct observations. For example, having arranged several
observation points on the sea coast, where flocks of birds fly,
You can set the speed of flight of flocks and the number of birds in them.

Observation also establishes the timing of bird arrival and departure in spring.
in the fall, and these dates are repeated from year to year with great accuracy. Except
In addition, bird ringing produces remarkable results (see Art.
"Bird Ringing"
Bird migration has been studied by science for a long time, but in this natural phenomenon
there is still a lot unexplored. Ornithology - the science of birds -
bases its conclusions about flights on a comparison of a huge number
individual observations. Observe the flights of birds and notice something in them
Every youth can do something valuable for science (see article “Observations on
birds in nature").
Larks eat insects and grains, seeds, and drink dew from leaves.
Larks winter in India and are almost the first to return to
homeland. Nests are made in holes on the ground from dry grass and feathers. Feathers
are chosen the same color as the ground, so it is very difficult to see
larks' nests. During the flight they sing very well and beautifully. By
According to popular belief, if the lark is not heard, it means it will rain. Jackdaws
in winter they fly to India. After returning home, they settle in old
houses and abandoned towers. The main food is insects, snails, worms.
Jackdaws like to choose insects from the fur of large animals, as well as
knows how to catch mice and eat other people's eggs. Jackdaws are friends with rooks and
crows. The jackdaw can become a talking one. Rooks are strong, large birds. IN
people say: “The rooks opened spring” because they are the very first
fly from warm countries. Soon after arriving, they get together and
they begin to repair old nests in order to breed offspring there.
Destruction of insects (chafer beetle and its larvae, turtle bugs,
beetle beetles, beet weevils, wireworms, larvae
click beetles) and by eating small rodents, rooks benefit
Agriculture. The redstart is a beautiful bird that feeds
berries. She builds her nests in the mountains, and within the city limits she can be found in
old pipes and tunnels. They call her that because of her bright tail. live
Such birds are solitary and love to take sun and mud baths.
Finches are afraid of damp places and swamps, so they settle far from bodies of water.
In the spring, they split into pairs and build ball-like nests. They
They create nests from green moss, roots and grass. Chicks are fed only
insects. If finches see danger, they warn each other
"Ryu - ryu." In September they gather in large flocks and fly away to
North America. Starlings in gardens and fields destroy harmful
insects, snails and caterpillars. When they fly from warm countries,
stick together in a pack, and only after a few weeks do they break up into pairs and
settle in birdhouses. The eggs of starlings are blue, and when the female
hatches eggs, the male entertains her with wonderful songs. Starling
called the mockingbird because it can imitate the voices of others

birds, dogs and even frogs. When the chicks grow up, the parents take them from
themselves into flight and their flocks resemble black clouds. Swallows can't
walk on the ground, they can only fly. On the fly they catch flies and even
drink while flying low over the water. Popular wisdom says that if
swallows fly low - it will rain. That's right, insects before the rain
begin to fly lower, closer to the ground. Swallows are not afraid of humans and
They build their nests under the roofs of houses, under windows. They build nests from
lumps of clay and thin twigs. Their strong nests can last
some years. Chicks are hatched twice a year and save people from
attacks by various harmful insects. The wagtail is popularly called
icebreaker They say so because with its appearance it begins to crack
ice on puddles and rivers. The wagtail makes nests near rivers and reservoirs
because he loves to swim and eat mosquitoes. When the wagtail sees
hawk, shouts “Qi-qi.” Neighboring birds flock to the cry and all together
chase away the hawk. The cuckoo flies quickly, but cannot climb
trees. The cuckoo does not build its own nest, but throws its eggs to others,
after which it immediately flies south (even in the summer).
7.