Construction inspection of the facade. Technical inspection of building facades Expert assessment of the condition of facades

At technical operation facade, it is necessary to pay attention to the reliability of fastening of architectural and structural parts (eaves, parapets, balconies, loggias, bay windows, etc.).

Base is the most moistened part of the building due to the effects of precipitation, as well as moisture penetrating through the capillaries of the foundation material. This part of the building is constantly exposed to adverse mechanical influences, which requires the use of durable and frost-resistant materials for the base.

Cornices, the crowning part of the building, are diverted from the wall by rain and melt water and perform an architectural and decorative function. The facades of the building may also have intermediate cornices, corbels, sandriks, which perform functions similar to those of the main crowning cornice.

The reliability of the building envelope depends on the technical condition of the cornices, belts, pilasters and other protruding parts of the facade.

Part outer wall, continuing above the roof - parapet. To avoid destruction by precipitation, the upper plane of the parapet is protected with galvanized steel or concrete slabs factory made.

Architectural and structural elements of the facade also include balconies, loggias, bay windows, which help improve performance and appearance building.

Balconies are in conditions of constant atmospheric exposure, humidification, alternating freezing and thawing, therefore, earlier than other parts of the building they fail and collapse. The most critical part of balconies is the place where slabs or beams are embedded in the wall of the building, since during operation the place of embedding is subject to intense temperature and humidity effects. Figure 2 shows the pairing balcony slab With outer wall.

Figure 2 Pairing the balcony slab with the outer wall

1-balcony slab; 2-cement mortar; 3-lining; 4-insulation; 5-embedded metal element; 6-gasket; 7-insulation; 8-anchor.

Loggia- a site surrounded on three sides by walls and fencing. In relation to the main volume of the building, the loggia can be built-in or remote.

The covering of the loggias must ensure the drainage of water from the external walls of the building. To do this, the floors of the loggias must be made with a slope of 2-3% from the plane of the facade and placed 50-70 mm below the floor of the adjacent rooms. The surface of the loggia floor is covered with waterproofing. Connecting slabs of balconies and loggias with façade wall protected from leakage by placing the edge of a waterproofing carpet on the wall, covering it with two additional layers of waterproofing 400 mm wide and covering it with a galvanized steel apron.



Fences for loggias and balconies must be high enough to comply with safety requirements (at least 1 - 1.2 m) and made predominantly solid, with railings and flower beds.

Bay window- part of the premises located behind the plane of the facade wall can be used to accommodate vertical communications - stairs, elevators. A bay window increases the area of ​​the premises, enriches the interior, provides additional insolation, and improves lighting conditions. The bay window enriches the shape of the building and serves as an architectural means of shaping the scale of the façade composition and its division.

During the technical operation of façade elements, sections of walls located next to drainpipes, gutters, and inlet funnels must be thoroughly inspected.

All damaged areas of the finishing layer of the wall must be repelled and, after identifying and eliminating the cause of the damage, restored. In case of weathering, crumbling of fillings of vertical and horizontal joints, as well as destruction of the edges of panels and blocks, the faulty areas should be inspected, the joints should be filled and the damaged edges should be restored with appropriate materials.

The facades of buildings are often faced with ceramic tiles and natural stone materials. If the cladding is poorly secured with metal staples and cement mortar, it will fall out. The reasons for peeling of the cladding are moisture getting into the seams between the stones and behind the cladding, alternate freezing and thawing.

If tile defects are detected, the surface of the entire facade is tapped, loose tiles are removed and repairs are carried out. restoration work.



Defects in facades are often associated with atmospheric pollution, which leads to loss of their original appearance, sooting and tarnishing of their surface.

Building facades should be cleaned and washed within the time limits established depending on the material, condition of building surfaces and operating conditions.

The facades of wooden, unplastered buildings must be periodically painted with vapor-permeable paints or compounds to prevent rotting and in accordance with fire safety standards. Improvements appearance buildings can be achieved through high-quality plastering and painting.

Drainage devices of external walls must have the necessary slopes from the walls to ensure drainage atmospheric waters. Steel fastening parts are placed at a slope from the walls. On parts that have a slope towards the wall, tightly fitting galvanized steel cuffs should be installed at a distance of 5-10 cm from the wall. All steel elements attached to the wall are regularly painted and protected from corrosion.

It is necessary to systematically check the correct use of balconies, bay windows, loggias, avoiding the placement of bulky and heavy things on them, clutter and pollution.

During operation, there is a need to restore the plaster of the facades. Defects in the plaster are caused by poor quality of the mortar, work carried out at low temperatures, excessive moisture, etc. For minor repairs to the plaster, cracks are expanded and filled with putty; for significant cracks, the plaster is removed and plastered again, paying special attention to ensuring adhesion of the plaster layer to the load-bearing elements.

The main reasons for damage to the appearance of buildings are:

The use of materials of different strength, water absorption, frost resistance and durability in the same masonry (sand-lime brick, cinder blocks, etc.);

Different deformability of load-bearing longitudinal and self-supporting end walls;

Usage sand-lime brick in rooms with high humidity (baths, saunas, swimming pools, showers, washrooms, etc.);

Loosening the dressing;

Thickening of seams;

Insufficient support of structures;

Freezing of the solution;

Moistening of cornices, parapets, architectural details, balconies, loggias, wall plaster;

Violations of technology during winter laying, etc.

During the overhaul of the façade of the administrative building, a device was installed plaster coating, followed by painting the facades.

During subsequent operation, cracks and peelings began to appear on the façade, traces of white plaque and signs of biological damage.

To determine the causes of defects, plaster samples were taken, probes were made to inspect the base and determine the thickness of the plaster layer. The moisture content of the base materials was checked.

Based on the results of a laboratory study, the type of finishing was determined - plaster made of a mixed binder based on cement, lime and gypsum. Aggregate- rounded river sand and textured paint layer.

Description of defects found during inspection of facades

An examination of the finishing coating revealed vertical and horizontal cracks located on all facades of the building, as well as former stains and peeling of the finishing coating.

The highest concentrations of finishing coating defects were noted in the area of ​​window openings, locations of horizontal decorative protrusions of the facade, above the base of the building and under the roof.

Inspection of the end facade from xxx lane

When examining the façade, numerous vertical and horizontal cracks were recorded, up to 3 meters long and with an opening width of up to 0.3 cm.

Traces of exposure to atmospheric precipitation (smudges, stains) were recorded, concentrated on the protruding elements of the facade and under them, with penetration into window openings; in these places, vertical, broken cracks are located along the entire horizontal belt, with a development length of up to 50 cm.

Along the upper horizontal slope of the window opening, located near the entrance to the building, there is a through crack, up to 80 cm long, peeling and biodestruction of the plaster. Samples were recovered from this location for laboratory testing.

Horizontal cracks, up to 100 cm long, up to 0.5 cm wide in the lower part of the building’s bay windows.

Wall surface humidity is from 5% to 9%.

Humidity in places of delamination and cracks is from 11% to 14.5%.

Inspection of the courtyard facade of the building

On the courtyard façade of the building, above the window openings of the second floor, horizontal cracks of up to 2 meters were recorded.

Vertical crack above the arch.

A through vertical crack along the slope of a window opening, 100 cm long, up to 20 mm wide, up to 20 mm deep, humidity around the crack is from 8% to 11%, humidity inside the crack is 12%-15%.

Water efflorescence, with right side from the arch, humidity 9% -10%. Water efflorescence around the drainpipe, above the canopy of the entrance to the building.

Peeling of plaster on the horizontal girdle of the building, peeling of the finishing coating between two window openings on the first floor of the building (photo No. 7,8), humidity is from 13% to 14%, in the place of peeling of the plaster and from 11% to 11.5%, on the wall around the peeling.

High humidity on the surface of the walls above the base of the building - from 10% to 12.5%.

High humidity around the canopy above the basement window of the building - from 12% to 13.5%, contributes to warping and peeling of the plaster along the slopes of the window opening in the basement of the building.

Wall surface humidity basement- from 13.5 to 14%.

End facade of the building

There are two horizontal cracks running along the entire length of the facade at the level of the 1st and 2nd floors of the building, up to 0.4 cm wide and up to 1.5 cm deep.

Efflorescence over a large area at the level of the 1st floor and above base part building.

Wall surface humidity - from 7% to 12%

End facade from the street xxx

Vertical and horizontal cracks of various sizes run along the entire façade of the building.

Vertical cracks of various lengths on the pediment of the building, above the window openings, from the decorative horizontal belt, to the base of the building, up to 0.2 cm wide, up to 1 cm deep.

Almost complete peeling of the plaster layer on the horizontal girdle of the building, surface humidity from - 13.5% to 14%

Above the base of the building, in places where the finishing layer is peeling and biodeteriorated, the humidity is 13-14%; in this place, samples of plaster were taken for laboratory research.

Results of laboratory testing of plaster

Table No. 1

Name of sampling location

Type of corrosion destruction and classification according to chemical data. analysis.

Wall of the basement of the building. Central facade

Black deposits on plaster. Biochemical corrosion of the plaster layer. The depth of the lesion is up to 3 mm.

Courtyard facade

Damage to house mold.

Black deposits on plaster Biochemical corrosion of the plaster layer. The depth of the lesion is up to 3 mm.

Wall of the basement of the courtyard facade

Wall of the basement of the central facade

Capillary suction of surface water. Leaching lime from solution.

Conclusion of the examination:

The main reason for wetting and biological damage of repaired walls in the basement area is their moistening with surface and ground moisture penetrating into the capillaries and pores of the wall material due to the absence or insufficient horizontal waterproofing of the walls along the perimeter of the building, which must be done along the perimeter of the walls during the reconstruction of the building . Prolonged dampening of the basement walls caused the development of biocorrosion - mold. Mold is a household mold that can destroy warehouse equipment and property stored near contaminated walls.

It is necessary to complete a project for horizontal waterproofing of walls along the perimeter and implement it in situ.

The main reason for the peeling of plaster in the area of ​​window openings is the appearance of sedimentary cracks and the accumulation of atmospheric moisture in them, and, as a result, their freezing.

As a result of constant wetting, salts accumulate in the area of ​​cracks in the walls - products of lime leaching from plaster mortar. As a result, due to their crystallization under the plaster layer, the latter cracks and crumbles along with the finishing layer (putty and paint).

The reason for the peeling of plaster on horizontal decorative elements is the lack of protective tides in some places.

It is necessary to install a protective flashing made of roofing steel.

It is necessary to check the dynamics of building settlement by installing beacons on window openings and walls, in the area of ​​vertical cracks. In the case of progressive settlement, it is necessary to carry out a complex of engineering and geological surveys and develop a project for strengthening the foundations. In the case of residual deformation, inject cracks with cement mortars and restore the finishing layer, in accordance with the adopted design decision.

Inspection of building facades is carried out before reconstruction or major repairs of enclosing structures. Inspection of facades is necessary to assess the technical condition of all elements and determine the strength characteristics of facade wall materials, identify and fix defects, and determine the geometric parameters of walls and facade elements.

When installing ventilated facades, it is recommended to carry out verification calculations of building structures. The need for calculations is due to the fact that total weight such a facade can place unacceptable loads on the elements and structures of the building, and ultimately you can end up in a situation where insulation and improvement of the appearance of the building’s facade will cause its destruction and require significant costs for restoration and reconstruction.

What is analyzed during the façade inspection process?

  • Archival and design and technical documentation are being studied.
  • The façade of the building is being measured.
  • The structural design of the building is determined.
  • Possible deformations and settlements are identified.
  • Possible locations for opening and sampling are identified.
  • A detailed and thorough instrumental study of structures and connections is carried out.
  • The strength characteristics of materials and the supporting structure of the building are revealed, and possible defects are also identified.
  • If necessary, the foundation and foundation are inspected.
  • Verification calculations are carried out load-bearing elements building structures.
  • Carrying out geodetic work.
  • Reliability assessment can be carried out load-bearing structures.
  • Graphic design of building façade inspection materials
  • Development of generalized recommendations for eliminating detected defects.

The result of the work carried out is the drawing up of a technical report on the condition of the building’s façade and the possibility of its reconstruction.

In what cases is a building façade inspection required?

  1. Examination of facades or expert assessment of work performed is carried out upon completion of work to confirm the quality of work and compliance project documentation. Based on the results of the examination of the newly installed facade, a “technical report” is issued.
  2. Monitoring of facades and roofs is carried out when there are obvious defects in the building, such as traces of leaks and soaking of external walls, cracks, loss of individual elements, and monitoring of the condition of structures is also carried out during the period of the start of new construction next to the existing building.
  3. Inspection of the façade for the possibility of installation/fastening additional equipment, or replacing finishing layers.
  4. Inspection of the facades of brick buildings is carried out, as a rule, to determine the integrity of the brickwork, to determine the presence of defects and deformations that may affect the load-bearing capacity of the building as a whole.
  5. Thermal imaging inspection of building facades is carried out to determine heat loss. Based on such a survey, the causes and locations of destruction affecting the heat loss of the entire building.

What will you receive upon completion of the façade inspection work?

  • Description of the existing condition.
  • Thermal engineering calculation.
  • Thermal imaging report.
  • Calculation of attachment points for power elements.
  • Test report building materials.
  • Defective statement (in case of detection of defects).
  • Photos and description.
  • Conclusions and recommendations for eliminating violations committed

The result is a technical report on the condition of the building’s façade and the possibility of its further operation.

As a rule, based on the data obtained as a result of a technical examination of the facade of a building, design engineers make a decision, which is formalized in the form of a project to change the appearance of the facade of a house or building. A set of documents, a technical report and a project must undergo appropriate approvals from the interested services of the city or district and examination to obtain permission and construction conditions. Thus, the technical conclusion is the initial technical document, at the current time, to begin implementing actions to change the facade of the building.

Cost of building façade inspection

The cost of surveying the facade of a building depends on a number of parameters. The main parameter is the purpose of the inspection - this could be the current condition, the occurrence of defects and finding out the reasons for their occurrence, or the need for reconstruction and major repairs. Also, the price depends on the dimensions of the building and terms of reference indicating the types of tests and studies.



Order a façade inspection from the Design and Engineering Center company.

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Object: residential apartment building

Purpose of the survey: determination of the technical condition of the house facade.

Technical control equipment used at the site: laser range finder DISTO classic/lite, digital camera “Panasonic “Lumix””, metric tape measure GOST 7502 - 98, set of probes.

Documents submitted for consideration: contract for repair and finishing work dated October 25, 2012. Fragments of working documentation.

General provisions A diagnostic examination of the apartment was carried out for the purpose of: assessing the quality of the work performed repair work; assessment of the volume of repair work performed. The basis for conducting a diagnostic examination is the Agreement on Conducting an Expert Diagnostic Examination. During the inspection work, the data obtained was recorded and defects and damage were photographed. Diagnostic examination Survey building structures buildings and structures are carried out, as a rule, in three interconnected stages:

  • preparation for the examination;
  • preliminary (visual) examination;
  • detailed (instrumental) examination.

The expert carried out an external inspection of the object, with selective recording of digital camera, which meets the requirements of SP 13-102-2003 clause 7.2 The basis of the preliminary inspection is the inspection of the building or structure and individual structures using measuring instruments and instruments (binoculars, cameras, tape measures, calipers, probes, etc.). The measurement work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 13-102-2003 clause 8.2.1 The purpose of the measurement work is to clarify the actual geometric parameters of building structures and their elements, to determine their compliance with the design or deviation from it. Instrumental measurements clarify the spans of structures, their location and pitch in plan, cross-sectional dimensions, height of rooms, marks of characteristic nodes, distances between nodes, etc. Based on the measurement results, plans are drawn up with the actual location of structures, sections of buildings, drawings of working sections of load-bearing structures and interfaces between structures and their elements. Classifier of the main types of defects in construction and the building materials industry Critical defect(when performing construction and installation works) - a defect in the presence of which a building, structure, part or structural element thereof is functionally unsuitable, further work under conditions of strength and stability is unsafe, or may lead to a decrease in these characteristics during operation. A critical defect must be unconditionally eliminated before subsequent work begins or with the suspension of work. Significant defect- a defect, the presence of which significantly deteriorates the performance characteristics of construction products and its durability. A significant defect must be eliminated before it is hidden by subsequent work.

In this case, a defect is every single deviation from design decisions or failure to comply with standard requirements.

An expert carried out a diagnostic examination of the residential apartment building(photo 1, 2) with determination of the technical condition of the facade of the house in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.03.01-87. "Load-bearing and enclosing structures." The examination was carried out using the method of measuring quality control.

During the expert diagnostic examination, the following was revealed:

Through cracks and destruction in the corners of bay windows at the level of the parapet and technical floor (photo 3-6).

Expertise comment

Through and non-through cracks in external brick walls discovered as a result of the inspection, in accordance with the classifier of the main types of defects in construction and the building materials industry, are a critical defect. In accordance with the requirements of SNiP 31-02-2001 “Single-apartment residential houses”, Chapter 5, clause 5.1., structures must meet the requirements: “The foundations and supporting structures of the house must be designed and built in such a way that during its construction and in calculated operating conditions excluded the possibility of: - destruction or damage to structures leading to the need to stop operating the house; - unacceptable deterioration operational properties structures or the house as a whole due to deformation or cracking.”

The reason for the formation of cracks is the occurrence of deformations and, as a consequence, stresses in the enclosing structures. Deformations in building structures arise due to a combination of reasons: design errors; low quality materials used for supporting structures; violations of the technology of manufacturing and installation of building structures; non-compliance with the rules for the operation of buildings and structures. During the construction of the walls, errors were made in the design and technology of their construction: - vertical and horizontal deformations of the masonry of the outer layer of the outer walls differ significantly from the deformations of the inner layer and ceilings. To compensate for temperature and humidity deformations, vertical expansion joints must be made. Their absence leads to the formation and opening of vertical cracks in front layer from brickwork. Cracks occur mainly at the corners of the building; - the rules for bandaging seams when laying bricks at the corners of bay windows were violated (Fig. 1); - the brickwork at the corners of the bay windows is not sufficiently reinforced; - concreting of the brickwork at the corners of the bay windows was not completed (Fig. 2).
Rice. 1 Rice. 2

The photographs of the roof plans (photos 7-11) indicate damaged areas, as well as areas susceptible to destruction:

Destruction of the plaster layer and waterproofing of the parapet walls (photo 12-15)

Photo 12 photo 13
Photo 14 photo 15

Expertise comment The destruction of the plaster layer and waterproofing occurred as a result of poor quality plaster mixture and completed work.

Cracks and destruction of brickwork and plaster layer in the corners of the building at the level of intermediate floors (photos 16-21)

Photo 16photo 17
Photo 18photo 19
Photo 20photo 21

Expertise comment To compensate for the difference in vertical deformations of the outer and inner layers of the external walls, as well as the building frame, horizontal expansion joints must be made. Their absence or poor-quality execution leads to the destruction of the facing layer of brick at the floor level, as well as the destruction of the finishing layer of the floors. Horizontal expansion joints are either missing or poorly made.

Expert review technical condition

In accordance with the provisions of SP 13-102-2003 “Rules for the inspection of load-bearing building structures of buildings and structures”, depending on the number of defects and the degree of damage, the technical condition of building structures is assessed in the following categories (see Chapter 3 “Terms and Definitions” SP 13-102-2003): "Working condition- category of technical condition of a building structure or building and structure as a whole, characterized by the absence of defects and damage that affect the reduction bearing capacity and serviceability. Operating state- a category of technical condition in which some of the numerically assessed controlled parameters do not meet the requirements of the design, norms and standards, but existing violations of the requirements, for example, for deformability, and in reinforced concrete for crack resistance, under these specific operating conditions do not lead to malfunction, and the bearing capacity of structures, taking into account the influence of existing defects and damage, is ensured. Limited operational condition- a category of technical condition of structures in which there are defects and damage that have led to a slight decrease in load-bearing capacity, but there is no danger of sudden destruction and the functioning of the structure is possible by monitoring its condition, duration and operating conditions. Invalid condition- category of technical condition of a building structure or building and structure as a whole, characterized by a decrease in load-bearing capacity and performance characteristics, in which there is a danger for the presence of people and the safety of equipment (it is necessary to carry out safety measures and strengthen structures). Emergency condition- category of technical condition of a building structure or a building and structure as a whole, characterized by damage and deformations indicating the exhaustion of the load-bearing capacity and the danger of collapse (urgent emergency measures are necessary).”

Technical condition load-bearing walls buildings made of ceramic bricks in areas with the formation of cracks, peeling of the finishing layer and getting wet in accordance with the provisions of SP 13-102-2003 are assessed as a limited operable condition.

Conclusions on the construction inspection of the building facade

No factors indicating the occurrence of an emergency condition of the building envelope, in accordance with the provisions of SP 13-102-2003, were recorded as a result of the visual and instrumental examination.

To prevent further destruction of the walls it is necessary:

  • carry out measures to strengthen the brickwork in places where cracks form in accordance with the technology of concreting (Fig. 2) or injecting brickwork with polymer-cement compositions or compositions based on liquid glass.
  • conduct constant monitoring of the condition of external walls by installing beacons.
  • If progressive destruction of walls is detected under the influence of differences in deformations of enclosing structures and floors, it is necessary to carry out large-scale work to strengthen the external walls. Work should be carried out in accordance with the developed project.
  • Work should be carried out to restore the plaster and protective layer of the parapet.
  • work should be carried out to restore the plaster layer and decorative covering base
During the inspection and drawing up the expert opinion, the following regulatory documents were used:

VSN 57-88(r) Regulations on technical inspection of residential buildings Type of document: Order of the USSR State Construction Committee dated 07/06/1988 N 191 VSN dated 07/06/1988 N 57-88(R) Code of rules for design and construction Adopting body: USSR State Construction Committee Status: Current Document type: Regulatory and technical document Effective date: 07/01/1989 Published: official publication, State Committee for Architecture - M.: 1991 - SNiP 3.03.01-87 Load-bearing and enclosing structures Type of document: Resolution of the USSR State Construction Committee dated 12/04/1987 N 280 SNiP dated 04.12.1987 N 3.03.01-87 Building codes and rules of the Russian Federation Adopting body: Gosstroy of the USSR Status: Active Document type: Regulatory and technical document Effective date: 07/01/1988 Published: Official publication, Ministry of Construction of Russia, - M.: GP TsPP, 1996 - SP 13-102-2003 Rules inspections of load-bearing building structures of buildings and structures Type of document: Decree of the State Construction Committee of Russia dated 08/21/2003 N 153 Code of Rules (SP) dated 08/21/2003 N 13-102-2003 Code of rules for design and construction Adopting body: State Construction Committee of Russia Status: Valid Type of document : Regulatory and technical document Effective date: 08/21/2003 Published: official publication, M.: Gosstroy of Russia, State Unitary Enterprise TsPP, 2003 - Classifier of the main types of defects in construction and the building materials industry Type of document: Order of the Glavgosarkhstroynadzor of Russia dated 11/17/1993 Norms , rules and regulations of authorities state supervision Adopting body: Glavgosarhstroynadzor of Russia Status: Active Document type: Regulatory and technical document Published: Official publication

SNiP 3.04.01-87 Insulating and finishing coatings Type of document: Decree of the USSR State Construction Committee dated 12/04/1987 N 280 SNiP dated 12/04/1987 N 3.04.01-87 Building codes and regulations of the Russian Federation Adopting body: USSR State Construction Committee Status: Valid Document type: Regulatory -technical document Effective date: 07/01/1988 Published: official publication, Gosstroy of Russia. - M.: State Unitary Enterprise TsPP, 1998 - GOST 26433.2-94 System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Rules for performing measurements of parameters of buildings and structures Type of document: Resolution of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated April 20, 1995 N 18-38 GOST dated November 17, 1994 N 26433.2-94 Adopting body: Gosarkhstroinadzor of the RSFSR, MNTKS Status: Valid Document type: Regulatory and technical document Start date : 01/01/1996 Published: Official publication, M.: IPC standards publishing house, 1996 - GOST R 52059-2003 Household services. Services for the repair and construction of housing and other buildings. Are common technical specifications Type of document: Resolution of the State Standard of Russia dated 05/28/2003 N 162-st GOST R dated 05/28/2003 N 52059-2003 Adopting body: State Standard of Russia Status: Valid Type of document: Regulatory and technical document Validity date: 01/01/2004 Published: official publication , M.: IPC Publishing House of Standards, 2003 - On approval of the Rules for consumer services for the population in Russian Federation Type of document: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 15, 1997 N 1025 Adopting body: Government of the Russian Federation Status: Valid Type of document: Regulatory legal act Effective date: September 4, 1997 Published: Russian newspaper, N 166, 08/28/97, Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1997, N 34, Art. 3979.

The legal, regulatory and technical references cited and used in drawing up the conclusion are given on the basis of current documents listed in the specialized reference system “Stroyexpert-Kodeks”. The license for PC KODEKS for Windows (network version) is registered with CJSC "Independent Agency of Construction Expertise".

MOSCOW STANDARD
for the operation of housing stock

Approved and put into effect
by decree of the Moscow Government
dated April 25, 2006 No. 276-PP

1. GENERAL PART

1.1. This Standard was developed in pursuance of Moscow Government Decree No. 959-PP dated November 29, 2005 “On measures to improve the organization of work on the repair and maintenance of building facades in the city of Moscow” and is aimed at ensuring the efficiency of maintenance work on the facades of buildings and structures.

1.2. The requirements of this Standard are binding on: owners and other legal owners, managers of buildings and structures, maintenance and repair organizations, customer and contractor organizations for the reconstruction and major repairs of buildings and structures.

1.3. For failure to comply with the requirements of this standard, performers are liable in the manner prescribed by law.

1.4. Maintenance and repair of facades of buildings and structures (hereinafter referred to as facades) ensure that their condition is maintained in accordance with the requirements established by law and including:

Maintenance activities (scheduled inspections, unscheduled inspections, routine repairs);

Major repairs or restoration of facades for architectural monuments and valuable historical buildings.

The specified activities and work must be carried out at specified intervals.

Repairs in emergency condition of facades must be carried out immediately upon detection of this condition.

1.6. Special attention should pay attention to the safety of people in the event of unsatisfactory technical condition of speakers structural elements facades: balconies, bay windows, canopies, cornices, molded architectural details. To eliminate the threat of possible collapse of protruding facade structures, security and preventive measures must be immediately carried out - installation of fences, nets, cessation of operation of balconies, dismantling of the collapsing part of the element, etc.

Contamination may be limited to mud deposits consisting of greasy soot and semi-coked solids.

2. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF BUILDING FACADES

2.1. Maintenance and repair of building facades includes the following activities: scheduled inspections, unscheduled inspections, current repairs, major renovation, restoration of facades (for architectural monuments and valuable historical buildings).

When carrying out these activities, the requirements of the Moscow Law “On the maintenance and preservation of the facades of buildings and structures on the territory of the city of Moscow” must be observed.

2.2. Routine inspections are carried out in spring and autumn. Unscheduled inspections are carried out after natural disasters (fires, hurricane winds, etc.). The inspection results are recorded in a log kept for each façade. The log notes the condition of the facades and its elements, defects identified during the inspection, measures taken to eliminate the identified defects, and the decision to include the building facade in the plan for current or major repairs.

2.3. When inspecting facades, determine the strength of fastening of architectural details and cladding, the stability of parapet and balcony railings. Carefully inspect the base and sections of walls at the locations drainpipes, near balconies and in other places exposed to heavy exposure to storm, melt and rain water, as well as around fastening metal structures to walls (flag holders, anchors, fire escapes, etc.). They check the condition of the fastening of overhangs, window sills, coverings of sandriks, corbels, plinth projections, and balconies.

When inspecting the facades of large-panel and large-block buildings, the condition of horizontal and vertical joints between panels and blocks is monitored.

In concrete or plastered metal beams check the adhesion strength of concrete (mortar) to metal, monitor the condition of embedded parts of walls, balconies, and brackets.

For engineering surveys of the condition of structures, if necessary, design and survey organizations that have a license to perform this work are involved.

2.4. If an emergency condition of balconies, bay windows, loggias, canopies is detected, the use of these elements is prohibited with the adoption necessary measures to eliminate detected faults.

2.5. During the inspection, you should pay attention to the presence of unauthorized structural devices on facades and roofs, advertisements, notices or other elements, as well as litter on balconies, bay windows, loggias and take appropriate measures to eliminate identified violations.

2.6. Elimination of minor structural defects is carried out during inspections or during routine repairs.

If detected defects and malfunctions cannot be eliminated current repairs, facades are included in the capital renovation plan.

2.7. The period between repairs for building facades is 10 years, and for buildings located in the city center or on main highways - 5 years. In the case of early repairs, the need for it is confirmed by the results of a technical examination indicating the cause of premature wear of the facade structures.

2.8. Inclusion in the title list of buildings designated for major repairs is permitted in agreement with the State Unitary Enterprise "GlavAPU" of the Moscow City Committee for Architecture and Cultural Heritage only if there are design and estimate documentation completed by a specialized design organization licensed for design work on the renovation of buildings, and for buildings - architectural monuments and valuable historical buildings that have a license to design the restoration of buildings.

In accordance with the requirements established by law, the title lists should provide for compliance with the instructions of state control and supervision bodies over the safety of buildings and structures on the mandatory restoration or repair of facades within the time limits established by them.

The contractor is appointed by competition from among specialized repair and construction or construction enterprises that have a license to carry out facade repair work.

3. FACADE REPAIR TECHNOLOGY

3.1. Before finishing work on the facade begins, you must:

Repair the roof and prepare parts for hanging drainpipes and other drainage elements;

Complete the repair of walls, window devices, external doors, balconies, bay windows, loggias, canopies, parapets, chimneys, as well as exhaust ventilation structures located on the roof;

Protect polished bases, bronze and cast iron parts, sculptures and other elements that may be damaged during repairs with paper or glassine;

Repair radio and electrical wiring, television and other networks located on the facade;

Check that there is no electrical voltage in all tram and trolleybus wires and other devices attached to the building being repaired;

Protect areas for people and vehicles to pass through;

Prepare molded parts of the facade (prefabricated cornices, complex profiles, rods, sandings, brackets, etc. elements) to replace damaged ones.

3.2. Simultaneously with the repair of the facades, the entrance halls and staircases should be repaired.

3.3. Repair of facades can be carried out using inventory tubular scaffolding, mobile tower scaffolding, hanging cradles, which is determined by the work organization project.

3.4. Repair of plastered surfaces is carried out in the following technological sequence. Unstable plaster that is coming off the walls or has grease or tar stains is removed.

It is recommended to remove rusty stains on the surface of the façade with a creamy paste of the following composition by weight, %:

12 hours after application, the paste should be washed off with water.

Gray areas of plaster should be dried. Then the surface of the walls is cut, the masonry seams are cleaned of mortar to the depth of a durable mortar. Remove dust from the cleaned surface by blowing compressed air, brushes or rinsing with a stream of water. The surface is cleaned of old paint. To remove old paint, if necessary, use blowtorches or gas torches.

3.5. To repair plaster, solutions are used that are similar in composition to the existing plaster, for which purpose a laboratory analysis of the material of the old plaster is carried out in advance during engineering surveys.

To create a unified texture of the old and new plasters The surface of the facade is ground after cleaning from old paint.

3.6. Repair technology decorative plaster selected depending on the size of the damage and the type of existing finish ( relief plaster, finishing with flutes, finishing with “Belgorod white” material, finishing with colloidal cement, finishing using the stencil method, finishing with decorative crushed stone, finishing with exposed aggregate terrazite plaster, etc.). Small damages are smeared after cleaning and washing with tinted cement mortar and processed with the appropriate tool. After clearing and washing, onto damaged areas of significant size, a selected decorative solution, similar to that previously applied, is applied, followed by treatment. After washing, cracks in decorative plasters are filled with tinted cement mortar and treated to match the texture of the existing plaster.

The type and method of finishing with decorative plaster is established by a color passport issued by the Design Bureau of the State Unitary Enterprise "GlavAPU" of the Moscow Committee for Architecture and Architecture and agreed upon with the Committee for Cultural Heritage of the City of Moscow.

3.7. The façade coating must have a wide range of properties:

Good adhesion;

Alkali resistance;

Lightfastness;

Vapor permeability;

Elasticity;

Insignificant water absorption;

Resistance to microorganisms, etc.

3.8. When choosing paints for finishing facades, their weather resistance is decisive.

Particularly durable coatings are obtained by painting with paint compositions based on synthetic polymers.

The color of the paint coating is established by the Design Bureau of the State Unitary Enterprise "GlavAPU" of the Moscow City Architecture Committee and is agreed upon with the Committee for Cultural Heritage of the City of Moscow.

3.9. Before painting facades, the following operations are performed: cleaning the surface, filling cracks; lining, sanding, puttying, priming, roofing, repair and replacement of cornice covers, façade belts, as well as installation of drains, repair of balconies and their fences, bay windows, loggias, plastering of the basement or repair of its cladding, installation or repair of blind areas around the building, repair of the building's lobbies.

Particular attention is paid to removing fragile layers of old paint. After removing old facade paints, their surface is cleaned with pneumatic installations, washing with water and brushes. Completion of the listed works and readiness of the facade for finishing works confirmed by a commission consisting of: the owner of the building, the customer, the contractor, the author of the project, the Moscow City Design Bureau of the State Unitary Enterprise "GlavAPU" of the Moscow City Committee for Architecture and the Committee for Cultural Heritage of the City of Moscow with the execution of the corresponding act.

3.10. When applying the paint composition, its properties and requirements for the coating should be taken into account.

Polymer painting materials are made on the basis of copolymers of butadiene and styrene, acrylic, perchlorovinyl, organosilicon and other resins.

Most resistant to impact environment are organosilicon dyes. Special properties are possessed by paints based on rubbers, for example, polyisobutylene, which has the property of fluidity, due to which cracks that appear seem to self-heal (for example, paint KCH-1222).

Acrylic paints are highly resistant to environmental influences.

Organosilicate paints have very high properties, as well as reduced flammability in the cured state.

Perchlorovinyl paints are very resistant to exposure to industrial environments. They dry quickly, and coatings based on them are highly weather resistant.

3.11. When repairing facades, the following requirements for repairing balconies must be met:

The slope of the top of the balcony slab must be at least 2%;

Ensuring drainage from a balcony or loggia;

Restoration of waterproofing;

Strength of fastening of external fences;

The drain must have a drip and go under the waterproofing carpet and cover the lower edge of the balcony slab.

3.12. The use of other dyes must be preceded by laboratory testing for:

Drying time;

Covering power;

Spill;

Weediness;

Grinding degree;

Flexural strength;

Impact strength;

Abrasion resistance;

Water resistance;

Oil resistance;

Gasoline resistance;

Shine;

Adhesion.

3.13. When repairing facades with decorative plaster, textured layers that have weak adhesion to the base (as determined by tapping) are removed.

3.14. The technology for applying and processing decorative plasters must comply with the requirements of the facade overhaul project developed by a design organization that has a license for these works and a color passport issued by the Moscow Design Bureau of the State Unitary Enterprise "GlavAPU" of the Moskomarkhitektura and agreed upon with the Committee for Cultural Heritage of the city of Moscow with the execution of the corresponding act.

4. TECHNOLOGY FOR WASHING AND CLEANING BUILDING FACADES

4.1. Organizations managing the housing stock, owners (occupiers), and tenants of buildings are obliged to clean and wash facades, incl. It is recommended to wash the main facades of buildings located on main streets and highways at least once a month, plinths - once every 10 days, on prefectural streets (depending on pollution) at least once a year, plinths - once a month .

4.2. Organizations that have a license to carry out facade repair work are involved in the work of washing and cleaning facades on a competitive basis.

4.3. Cleaning and washing of facades should be carried out with the cleaning agents specified in the Passport (section “Materials and technologies for carrying out work”) in accordance with the recommendations of TR 118-01 “Materials and technologies for cleaning buildings and structures”.

4.4. Facade cleaning can be done mechanically and using detergents.

4.5. It is prohibited to sandblast plastered and tiled surfaces of facades, as well as architectural details.

Cleaning by hydrosandblasting can be used in exceptional cases only on cladding with an unpolished texture of hard stone, taking into account the specifics of the operation of buildings.

4.6. Mechanical cleaning of facades from facing bricks, facing with an unpolished structure of hard stones with special cleaning units, where calcium carbonates (soft minerals) are used as a cleaning agent.

4.7. Cleaning facades from mold, mildew, atmospheric, dirt, oil and artificial contaminants (for example, grafitti type) from various surfaces (brickwork, concrete, facing granite, sandstone facing products, ceramics, metal, etc.) also possible using aerohydrodynamic technology (AGD).

4.8. Depending on the type of facade contamination, the following specialized cleaning agents are selected, which, by their properties, provide high-quality cleaning facades.

4.8.1. For substrates contaminated with microorganisms, antiseptics such as “Kartotsid-compound” are used, followed by mechanical cleaning, washing with one of the indicated products and re-treating with an antiseptic.

4.8.2. For washing facades made of plastic and polymer coatings an alkaline agent with antiseptic and degreasing effects “Plate Cleaner” is used.

4.8.3. For cleaning the glazing of buildings, an alkaline agent “Glass 1” with an antistatic effect is used.

4.9. Cleaning work with water-soluble detergents carried out at an ambient temperature of at least +5 degrees. C. It is prohibited to carry out work in strong winds (more than 15 m/s).

4.10. When performing work on cleaning facades with water-soluble detergents, disposal of cleaning products must be ensured.

5. ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

5.1. The quality of the work performed is established in accordance with the requirements of the current Building Codes.

The condition of the facade is determined by external inspection (using tools if necessary).

Possible defects and methods for eliminating them are given below.

Possible defects and methods for eliminating them are given below.

Reasons for appearance

Remedies

Peeling of paint film.

The surface is not sufficiently cleaned from fragile old film, painting was done on a damp, icy or snowy surface. Painting was done on a dusty surface.

Clean the surface down to the base, dry, prime, putty and paint again.

Joints at the boundary of the grips.

The paint was applied to the dried paint of the previous grip.

The surface where the scaffolding decks meet is not sufficiently puttied and sanded.

Repaint, following the requirements of painting technology.

Rough texture of the painted surface in some places.

Unsatisfactory puttying and surface grinding.

Repair and sand defective areas and repaint.

Dark spots, efflorescence on the surface.

Painted over damp surfaces.

Dry and paint again.

Striped coloring.

Layering of a paint composition ground with pigments of different densities.

Repaint the facade, ensuring mixing of the paint composition.

Drips and cracks in the paint film.

Copious application of paint.

Sand and repaint the surface.

Damp spots and wet streaks.

Wetting of the surface due to moisture suction.

Eliminate the cause of the wetness, dry the surface and paint again

Depressurization of interpanel joints in 25% or more rooms.

Repair of all joints on this facade, including joints between slabs of balconies and loggias of external wall panels, as well as the junction of window (balcony) blocks to the edges of openings.

Depressurization of interpanel joints in less than 25% of rooms.

Expiration of the standard service life, poor quality of repair work.

Repair of the defective joint and adjacent horizontal and vertical joints, as well as the junction of window (balcony) blocks to the edges of the openings of adjacent panels of the upper floor.

5.2. Areas of decorative plaster that have weak adhesion of the stone-like filler or with a texture that differs in the degree of processing or color of the covering layer from the existing plaster are removed and replaced with plaster that matches the existing one.

On façade surfaces lined with ceramic tiles, broken or peeling (making a dull sound when tapped) tiles must be replaced with new ones laid on polycement mortar. Recommended composition of polycement mortar: Portland cement - I weight. h., sand - 3-wt. h., polyvinyl cement dispersion calculated on dry matter - 10% by weight of cement.

It is recommended to cut seams that are not filled with mortar using a polymer-cement mortar of the specified composition.

Tiles that have deviations from the plane of the facade of more than 2 mm are replaced.

Chips along the perimeter of facing tiles are allowed if they do not exceed 35 mm in length and width

4 mm. The number of chips should not be more than two for each tile.

Tiles with clearly visible through cracks, if they have not lost contact with the base, are sealed with mastic of a color corresponding to the color of the tile and having the following composition and weight. Part:

epoxy resin (ED-5 or ED-6) 10-12;

hardener PEPA 1;

pigment (in quantity to obtain a color that matches the color of the tile).

5.3. Acceptance of completed facade repair work is carried out by a commission consisting of:

Customer, owner of the building;

Contractor;

Representative of the Moscow City Design Bureau of the State Unitary Enterprise "GlavAPU" of the Moskomarkhitektura;

Representative of the design organization.

5.4. The acceptance results are documented in the following form:

ACTacceptance of repair (restoration) work on facades

City_______________ "___"___________200_g.

We, the undersigned, are the representative of the customer, owner, owner of __________ .

Chief engineer of a construction (repair and construction) enterprise ______________;

Representatives of the architectural body of the Moscow City Design Bureau, State Unitary Enterprise "GlavAPU" of the Moskomarkhitektura and the Committee for Cultural Heritage of the City of Moscow ________________________________

work producer ________________________________________________

inspected the work ______________________________________________

for repair (restoration) of building facades __________________________

On the street (trans.) ___________________________________

for No. ______ and, having checked the quality of these works and their compliance with the approved facade designs, fragments and details, established the following:

Main facade

Base ______________________________________________________________

Field of walls ______________________________________________________________

Protruding elements of the facade (columns, bay windows, balconies, terraces, etc.) _____________

Framing openings _________________________________________________

Crowning cornice, belts, rods and fastening of molded parts on them __________________

Pediments, parapets, balustrades and roof connections with them _____________________

Sculptures and molded parts, their quality and finish ________________________________

The finishing (painting) of the facades was carried out in accordance with the colors approved by the Moscow City Design Bureau of the State Unitary Enterprise "GlavAPU" of the Moscow City Committee for Architecture and the Committee for Cultural Heritage of the City of Moscow. Condition of drains (roof gutters, window sill drains, covering of cornices, rods and molded parts, arrangement and fastening of drainpipes, etc.) _________________________________________________

Courtyard façade ________________________________________________

Form of acceptance certificate for repair (restoration) of facades (end)

Entrances

Lobbies

In the work performed on the external architectural design of the building, there are no deviations from the approved project, no defects or shortcomings. The quality of work performed is recognized. ___________________

Based on the above, we consider it possible to allow the dismantling of scaffolding and other devices used for façade finishing work.

Customer representative, owner, proprietor ___________________

Representatives of the architectural body of the Moscow City Design Bureau, State Unitary Enterprise "GlavAPU" of the Moscow City Committee for Architecture and the Committee for Cultural Heritage of the City of Moscow

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Chief engineer of a construction (repair and construction enterprise) _______________

Work producer _____________________________________________________

Note: If there are objections from the owner of the building, the act is not subject to approval until the prefecture resolves the disagreements that have arisen.

5.5. Based on the requirements established by law, owners and owners of buildings (premises) are responsible for violation of the procedures and deadlines for repairing facades in accordance with the requirements of building maintenance standards.

5.6. Owners (owners) of buildings are obliged to systematically clean, wash or paint facades as necessary, taking into account the material and nature of the finishing, as well as the condition of the surfaces of the walls of the buildings (the degree of contamination and color fading, the presence of efflorescence, destruction of the finishing coating).

If the surface of the facade becomes heavily soiled, this is evidence of too high a degree of water absorption of the wall material.

Cleaning contaminated surfaces with dry sand can be used in exceptional cases only on facings with unpolished textures, mainly from hard stones.

To avoid destruction and damage, it is prohibited to sandblast surfaces plastered with weak plasters and having cladding or architectural details made of soft rocks stones.

Surfaces brick walls and walls lined with ceramic tiles (stones) or plastered with cement mortar can be cleaned by hydrosandblasting.

Building facades painted with perchlorovinyl paints should be washed with an aqueous solution of soda ash periodically every 2-3 years.

To clean the surfaces of facades lined with glazed ceramic tiles, it is advisable to use chemical compositions: 8-10 liters of water, 400 g of soda, 0.5 liters of kerosene, followed by rinsing with water.

Facades lined with ceramics should be treated after cleaning hydrophobic compounds or silicofluorides (fluates) to protect them from moisture and surface contamination. The grit-repellent composition is applied to the surface of the cladding using a spray gun in two steps. Composition consumption for the first is 100-150 g/m2, for the second - 55-80 g/m2. Hydrophobizing composition: water - 100 parts by weight, GKZh-10 (GKZh-11 or GKZh-94) - 7 parts by weight.

5.7. To avoid the formation of dirty streaks on the walls and rust spots, steel fastening parts (brackets for fire escapes and flag holders, clamps for drainpipes, etc.) should be placed with a slope away from the walls. On parts that have a slope towards the wall, tightly fitting galvanized steel cuffs should be installed at a distance of 5-10 cm from the wall. All elements attached to the wall should be painted regularly.

Painting of metal stairs, flag holders, elements of fastenings for electrical network cables, enclosing grilles on roofs and ventilation openings plinth panels must be done oil paints every 3-6 years in accordance with the color passport of the house.

Change the architecture of the building (by abolishing, replacing with others or installing new architectural details, punching and sealing openings, changing the shape of windows and the design of frames) without permission from the Moscow City Design Bureau “GlavAPU” of the Moscow City Committee for Architecture and the Committee for Cultural Heritage of the City of Moscow;

Install advertisements, posters and other decorations on facades, as well as on roofs, without a special project approved in the prescribed manner;

Use license plates, index signs and house signs that deviate from the approved samples.

5.9. In the event of an emergency condition of balconies, loggias and bay windows, it is necessary to prohibit exit from them, announcing this against receipt to the owners (owners) of residential premises, close and seal the exits and take measures to bring the balconies into a technically sound condition. Sidewalks and courtyard areas located under emergency balconies and bay windows should be fenced.

5.10. Owners (proprietors) of buildings are obliged to systematically check the correct use of balconies, bay windows and loggias by the population, preventing the placement of heavy things on them, littering and requiring regular cleaning of them from snow, dust and dirt.

5.11. Metal fences, black steel covers, and flower boxes must be periodically painted with weather-resistant paints. The color of the paint must correspond to the color passport.

To avoid contamination of the walls of buildings and balconies located below, boxes should be installed on pallets with a gap of at least 50 mm from the wall.

5.13. The bodies of architecture and urban planning and state control bodies, in accordance with the established procedure, determine the composition of obligations for the maintenance and repair (restoration) of facades and verify their fulfillment. Within the limits of their powers, in accordance with current legislation, they have the right to impose penalties on owners and owners of buildings (premises) who fail to fulfill their obligations to maintain facades in a timely manner or perform them improperly.

5.14. The contract construction (repair and construction) enterprise bears warranty liability for the quality of the work performed by it for 5 years.

6. OBLIGATIONS OF THE PARTIES

6.1. Customer services:

Compile title lists based on monitoring the technical condition of the housing stock;

Assign objects for repairs if design estimates are available;

Monitor the implementation of repair work and their compliance with the design documentation, the passport “Color solution, materials and technology of work”, and the requirements of the Standard;

Approve the facility readiness certificate only if there are no deficiencies and the quality of work meets the requirements of the Standard;

Ensure that claims work is carried out to eliminate defects identified during operation within the warranty period;

Provide scope of work to contractors only on the basis of competitive selection.

6.2. Performer of work:

Use certified materials that have GOST standards;

Ensure the quality of work performed in accordance with the Standards;

Carry out work in accordance with design and estimate documentation and the passport “Color solutions, materials and technology of work”.