Suction and pressure lines of pumping stations. Pumping stations of water fire extinguishing systems Communication in fire extinguishing pumping stations
5.1. Pumping stations (fire extinguishing stations) automatic installations fire extinguishing systems according to the degree of water supply according to SNiP 2.04.02-84* should be classified as category 1.
5.2. Pumping stations must correspond to the 1st category in terms of reliability of power supply according to the PUE.
5.3. If it is impossible due to local conditions to provide pumping units power supply according to the 1st category from two independent power supply sources, it is allowed to use one source for this purpose, provided that it is connected to different lines with a voltage of 0.4 kV and to different transformers of the two transformer substation or transformers of the two nearest single-transformer substations (with an automatic backup switch device).
5.4. If it is impossible to ensure the required reliability of power supply to pumping units, it is allowed to install backup pumps driven by engines internal combustion. However, it is not allowed to place them in basements.
5.5. Pumping stations may be located in industrial buildings, but the pumping station premises must be separated from other premises fire partitions and floors with fire resistance limit REI 45 according to SNiP 21-01-97*.
5.6. Pumping stations should be located in separate room buildings on the first, ground and basement floors, they
must have a separate exit to the outside or to staircase, having an exit to the outside. It is allowed to place pumping stations in separate buildings or extensions.
5.7. The air temperature in the pumping station room should be from 5 to 35 0C, relative humidity no more than 80 % at 25 0C.
5.8. Pumping stations should be designed, as a rule, with control without permanent maintenance personnel. With automatic or remote (telemechanical) control, local control must be provided.
5.9. Simultaneously with the switching on of the fire pumps, all pumps for other purposes supplied to this main and not included in the AUN must be automatically switched off.
5.10. The choice of the type of pumps and the number of working pump units should be made on the basis of the joint operation of the pumps, taking into account the maximum values of operating flow and pressure.
5.11.Working and emergency lighting should be taken in accordance with SNiP 23-05-95.
5.12. The station premises must be equipped with telephone communication with the fire station premises.
5 13. U There must be a light sign at the entrance to the pumping station premises "Pumping station"
5.14. The dimensions of the pumping station machine room should be determined taking into account the requirements of SNiP 2.04.02-84* (section 12).
5.15. To reduce the size of the station in plan, it is allowed to install pumps with right and left rotation vaa, while the impeller should rotate in only one direction.
5.16. When determining the area of premises of pumping stations, the width of passages should be taken at least:
Between pumps or electric motors - 1 m;
Between pumps or electric motors and the wall in recessed rooms - 0.7 m, in others - 1 m (in this case, the width of the passage on the side of the electric motor must be sufficient to dismantle the rotor);
between compressors or blowers - 1.5 m, between them and the wall - 1m;
Between fixed protruding parts of equipment - 0.7 m;
In front of the electrical distribution panel - 2 m.
Notes:
1. Passages around the equipment, regulated by the manufacturer driver, should be accepted according to passport data.
2. For pumping units with a discharge pipe diameter up to 100 mm inclusive is allowed:
installation of units against the wall or on brackets;
installation of two units on the same foundation with a distance between the protruding parts of the units of at least 0.25 m, ensuring passages around the double unit with a width of at least 0.7 m.
5.17. The elevation of the pump axis should be determined, as a rule, based on the installation conditions of the pump casing under the fill:
In container - from top level water (determined from the bottom) fire volume for one fire, average - for two or more fires;
In a water intake well - from the dynamic level of groundwater at maximum water intake;
In a watercourse or reservoir - from the minimum water level in them: at the maximum supply of calculated water levels in surface sources - 1%, at the minimum - 97%.
5.18. When determining the elevation of the pump axis, one should take into account the permissible vacuum suction height (from the calculated minimum water level) or the required pressure on the suction side required by the manufacturer, as well as the pressure loss (pressure) in the suction pipeline, temperature conditions and barometric pressure.
5.19. In buried and semi-buried pumping stations, measures must be taken against possible flooding of units in the event of an accident within the turbine room at the largest pump in terms of productivity, as well as at shut-off valves or pipelines by:
Location of pump electric motors at a height of at least 0.5 m from the floor of the turbine room;
Gravity release of an emergency amount of water into the sewer or onto the surface of the earth with the installation of a valve or gate valve;
Pumping water from the pit with special or basic pumps for industrial purposes.
5.20. To drain water, the floors and channels of the machine room should be designed with a slope towards the collection pit. On the foundations for pumps, grooves and pipes should be provided for water drainage; If it is impossible to drain water by gravity from the pit, drainage pumps should be provided.
5.21. Pumping stations with a machine room size of 6x9 m or more must be equipped with an internal fire-fighting water supply with a water flow of 2.5 l/s.
In addition, the following should be provided:
When installing electric motors with a voltage of 1000 V or less - two manual foam fire extinguishers, and for internal combustion engines up to 221 kW - four fire extinguishers;
When installing electric motors with voltages over 1000 V or internal combustion engines with a power of more than 221 kW - additionally two carbon dioxide fire extinguishers, a barrel of water with a capacity of 250 liters, two pieces of felt, asbestos cloth or felt felt measuring 2x2 m.
5.22. In a separate pumping station for production minor repairs installation of a workbench should be provided.
5.23. In pumping stations with internal combustion engines it is allowed to place consumable containers with liquid fuel (gasoline - 250 l, diesel fuel- 500 l) in rooms separated from the machine room by fireproof structures with a fire resistance rating of at least REI 120.
5.24. For operation pumping equipment, fittings and pipelines in the premises, lifting and transport equipment should be provided:
With a load weight of up to 5 tons - a manual hoist or a manual overhead crane;
If the load weight is more than 5 tons - a manual overhead crane;
When lifting a load to a height of more than 6 m or with a crane runway length of more than 18 m, use electric crane equipment.
Notes:
1. Provide lifting cranes required only whenis the same technological equipment(pressure filters, etc.), not required.
2. To move equipment and fittings weighing up to 0.3 tons, the use of rigging equipment is allowed.
5.25. When drawing water from a reserve tank, it is necessary to install pumps “under the flood”. If pumps are located above the water level in the tank, devices should be provided for priming the pumps or self-priming pumps should be installed.
5.26. In the pumping station room, to connect the fire extinguishing installation to mobile fire equipment, pipelines should be provided with pipes leading outside and equipped with connecting heads. The pipelines must provide the highest design flow rate in the “dictating” section of the fire extinguishing installation. Outside the pumping station premises, the connecting heads must be placed so that at least two fire trucks can be connected simultaneously.
5.27. Vibration-isolating bases and vibration-isolating inserts may not be provided in fire pumping installations.
5.28. In the event of an emergency shutdown of the working pumping unit, automatic switching on of the backup unit powered into this line must be provided.
5.29. When using no more than three control units in the automatic control system, pumping units are designed with one input and one output, in other cases - with two inputs two exits.
5.30. Time the exit of fire pumps (with automatic or manual activation) to operating mode should not exceed 10 minutes.
5.31. Pumps should be installed in accordance with VSN 394-78.
5 32. In pumping stations, regardless of the number of working units, one backup fire pumping unit should be provided.
5.33. If foam AUPs require metering pumps, then their number in the pumping station room must be at least two (including one backup).
5.34. Number of suction There must be at least two lines to the pumping station, regardless of the number and groups of installed pumps. Each suction line must be designed to handle the full design flow of water.
5.35. The placement of shut-off valves on all suction and pressure pipelines must ensure the possibility of replacing or repairing any of the pumps, check valves and main shut-off valves, as well as checking the characteristics of the pumps.
5.36. Shut-off valves should be installed on the suction lines of each pump for pumps located under the fill or connected to a common suction manifold.
5.37. Suction and pressure manifolds with shut-off valves should be located in the pumping station building, if this does not cause an increase in the span of the turbine room.
5.38. Pipelines in pumping stations, as a rule, should be made of welded steel pipes.
5.39. The suction line should generally have a continuous rise to the pump with a slope of at least 0.005. In places where pipeline diameters change, non-coaxial transitions should be used.
5.40. Each pump should have a check valve, valve and pressure gauge on the pressure line, and a valve and pressure gauge on the suction line. When the pump operates without support on the suction line, it is not necessary to install a valve and a pressure gauge on it.
Notes:
1. An automatic or remote start signal must be sent to the pumping units after an automatic check of the water pressure in the system. If there is sufficient pressure in the system, the pump start should be automatically canceled until the pressure drops, requiring the pump unit to be turned on.
2. When a sprinkler is activated, a deluge installation is turned on (manually or automatically), as well as when a fire valve is opened (with an AUP water supply system combined with an internal fire water supply system), simultaneously with the signal for automatic or remote start of fire pumps, a signal must be received to open the electric valve on water meter bypass line (if any) at the water supply inlet.
5.41. When installing mounting inserts, they should be placed between the shut-off valves and check valve.
5.42. The designs of structures should include embedded parts, openings, chambers, etc. for the installation of electrical equipment and automation.
5.43. The diameter of pipes, fittings and fittings should be taken on the basis of a technical and economic calculation, based on the recommended speeds of water movement within the limits specified in the table. 1.5.1.
|
Pipe diameter, mm |
Speed of water movement, m/s, in pipelines of pumping stations |
|
|
suction |
pressure |
|
|
St. 250 to 800 |
||
5.44. At a pressure of external network water supply system less than 0.05 MPa, a receiving tank should be installed in front of the pumping unit, the capacity of which should be determined in accordance with Section 13 of SNiP 2.04.01-85*.
5.45. Valves on pipelines filling the reserve tank with water should be installed in the pumping station room.
5.46. With automatic and remote activation fire pumps, it is necessary to send signals (light and sound) to the fire post room or other room with 24-hour presence of service personnel.
5.47. Pumping stations should provide for measuring pressure in pressure water pipes and at each pumping unit, temperature of unit bearings (if necessary), emergency flooding level (appearance of water in the machine room at the level of the foundations of electric drives).
General instructions
Pumping and blowing stations
8.1.1 Pumping stations are divided into three categories based on reliability of operation, indicated in the table 17 .
8.1.2 Basic requirements for the layout of pumping and blowing stations, determination of the size of machine rooms, lifting and transport equipment, placement of units, fittings and pipelines, service devices (bridges, platforms, stairs, etc.), as well as measures against flooding of machine rooms halls are accepted according to SP 31.13330.
Requirements for the layout and arrangement of sewage pumping stations with submersible pumps must be taken in accordance with this set of rules, taking into account the specific features established by pump manufacturers.
In particular, it is allowed not to provide for the installation of backup units with their storage in the premises of the pumping station, provided that they can be replaced within 2 - 4 hours.
8.2.1 Pumps, equipment and piping should be selected depending on the design inflow and physical and chemical properties Wastewater or precipitation, lifting height and taking into account the characteristics of pumps and pressure pipelines, as well as the order of commissioning of the facility.
The layout and wiring of the equipment must ensure the possibility of replacing units, fittings and individual components without stopping the operation of the station. The number of reserve pumps should be taken according to the table 18 .
Notes
1 The performance of pumping stations for pumping rainwater must be taken into account the non-flooding of low-lying areas with a specified period of one-time overflow of the network, flow regulation and the permissible period of pumping.
2 In pumping stations of the first category of operational reliability, if it is impossible to provide power supply from two sources, it is allowed to install backup pumping units with internal combustion engines, thermal engines, etc., as well as autonomous sources of electricity ( diesel power plants and so on.).
3 If there is a need for a future increase in the productivity of buried pumping stations, it is allowed to provide for the possibility of replacing them with pumps of higher productivity or constructing backup foundations for the installation of additional units.
Table 18 - Requirements for the number of backup pumping units at pumping stations of various categories and types of pumped liquid
| Domestic and industrial wastewater similar in composition | Aggressive wastewater | ||||
| Number of pumps | |||||
| workers | reserve in the category of reliability of operation | workers | backup for any category of operational reliability | ||
| first | second | third | |||
| 1 and 1 in stock | 1 and 1 in stock | ||||
| 1 and 1 in stock | 2 - 3 | ||||
| 3 or more | 1 and 1 in stock | ||||
| - | - | - | - | 5 or more | At least 50% |
| Notes 1 In rainwater pumping stations, backup pumps, as a rule, are not required, except in cases where emergency discharge into water bodies impossible. 2 During reconstruction associated with increasing the productivity of pumping stations for pumping household wastewater of the third category of operational reliability, it is allowed not to install backup units and store them in a warehouse. 3 In pumping stations for domestic and industrial wastewater similar in composition, equipped with submersible pumps of a submersible and (or) dry installation numbering 3 or more, it is allowed to store a second backup pump in a warehouse. |
8.2.2 Pumping stations for pumping domestic and surface wastewater should be located in separate buildings.
Pumping stations for pumping industrial wastewater may be located in a block with industrial buildings or in production premises corresponding category of production processes.
In the common machine room it is allowed to install pumps intended for pumping waste water various categories, except for those containing flammable, flammable, explosive and volatile toxic substances.
It is allowed to install pumps for pumping wastewater in the production premises of wastewater treatment plants.
In machine rooms of pumping stations, the width of passages should be no less than:
between pumps or electric motors - 1 m;
between pumps or electric motors and the wall in recessed rooms - 0.7 m, in others - 1 m; in this case, the width of the passage on the electric motor side must be sufficient to dismantle the rotor;
between fixed protruding parts of equipment - 0.7 m;
in front of the electrical distribution panel - 2 m.
Notes
1 Passages around the equipment, regulated by the manufacturer, must be taken according to the passport data.
2 For units with a discharge pipe diameter up to 100 mm inclusive, the following are allowed: installation of units against a wall or on brackets; installation of two units on the same foundation with a distance between the protruding parts of the units of less than 0.25 m, ensuring passages around the double unit with a width of at least 0.7 m.
8.2.3 The supply manifold of the pumping station should have locking device with a drive controlled from the surface of the earth.
At automated pumping stations, it is necessary to provide power supply to the drives from batteries or uninterruptible power supply devices.
Note - In order to avoid flooding of nearby areas of the pumping station with wastewater, it is necessary to provide for an emergency release with organized drainage of wastewater during the emergency into water bodies, special tanks, etc. in agreement with the sanitary inspection authorities. Actuators on shut-off valves must be sealed.
8.2.4 The design and dimensions of the receiving tanks of pumping stations must ensure the prevention of conditions for the formation of turbulence (turbulence) in the flow of the pumped liquid. This can be ensured by deepening the suction pipe relative to the minimum liquid level by at least two of its diameters, but more than the amount of the required cavitation reserve set by the pump manufacturer, as well as by ensuring the distance from the suction pipe to the point of entry of the liquid into the receiving tank, or to grates, sieves, etc. - at least five pipe diameters. When operating groups of pumps in parallel with a flow rate of more than 315 l/s each, it is recommended to provide flow-directing walls between them.
8.2.6 The number of pressure pipelines from pumping stations of any reliability category must be taken on the basis of technical and economic calculations, taking into account the possibility of an emergency release (bypass), a control tank, the use of the storage capacity of the supply network, and the permissible reduction in water consumption according to SP 31.13330.
If there are two or more pressure pipelines from a pumping station of the first reliability category and their length is more than 2 km, switching should be provided between them, the distance between which is taken based on the pass in case of an accident on one of them 100%, and if there is an emergency release - 70% of the calculated flow rate. In this case, the possibility of using backup pumps and switching between pipelines should be taken into account.
Note - Pipeline accessories, devices for damping water hammer, plungers must be designed to pass wastewater of the appropriate composition.
8.2.7 Pumps should be installed under the fill of the pumped liquid or with liquid support (according to the pump’s passport data). If the pump housing is located above the design level of wastewater in the tank, it is necessary to take measures to ensure startup and cavitation-free operating conditions of the pumps. Installation of pumps for pumping silt and sludge should only be under the bay.
8.2.8 The speed of movement of wastewater or sediments in suction and pressure pipelines must prevent the sedimentation of suspended matter in them. For domestic wastewater, the lowest speeds should be at least 1 m/s.
8.2.9 In pumping stations for pumping silt and sludge, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of flushing suction and pressure communications.
In some cases, it is allowed to provide mechanical means for cleaning slurry lines.
8.2.10 Pumping stations with submersible pumps of submersible installation must be designed in accordance with the recommendations of manufacturers, taking into account their design and technological features, as well as requirements SP 31.13330.
8.2.11 To protect pumps from clogging in the receiving tanks (or in front of them), the following should be provided:
devices for retaining large suspended components transported by wastewater (grids various types, filters, meshes, etc.);
equipment and mechanisms for grinding coarse suspended matter in the wastewater stream;
forced mixing through the use of submersible mixers and/or supplying part of the pumped wastewater to the receiving tank;
manual cleaning grates, baskets, etc. - at low-capacity pumping stations.
8.2.12 When installing equipment, passages with a width regulated by the supplier must be provided.
8.2.13 Retained crushed waste may be discharged back into the wastewater stream or dewatered using appropriate equipment and transported in sealed containers to a landfill or disposal site.
Note - Crushed waste can be used as filler for composting.
8.2.14 The receiving tank, combined in the same building with the turbine room, must be separated from it by a solid waterproof partition. Communication through the door between the machine room and the grating room is allowed only in the non-buried part of the building, provided that measures are taken to prevent wastewater from entering the machine room when the network is flooded.
Notes
1 The level of door thresholds should be calculated based on the conditions for the possibility of flooding of supply collectors when the facility is de-energized and its location on the ground.
2 To increase the reliability of the pumping station, it is allowed to install submersible (sealed) pumps in the “dry” version and submersible pumps for emergency pumping of water from the turbine room.
8.2.15 The capacity of the underground reservoir of the pumping station should be determined depending on the influx of wastewater, pump performance and the permissible frequency of switching on electrical equipment and cooling conditions of the pumping equipment.
In the receiving tanks of pumping stations with a capacity of over 100 thousand m 3 /day, it is necessary to provide two compartments without increasing the total volume.
The capacity of the receiving tanks of pumping stations operating in series should be determined from the conditions of their joint operation. In some cases, this capacity may be determined based on the conditions for emptying the pressure pipeline.
8.2.16 The capacity of the sludge station tank when pumping sludge outside the wastewater treatment plant must be determined based on the 15-minute continuous operation pump, while it is possible to reduce it due to the continuous release of sludge from the treatment plant while the pump is operating.
Receiving tanks of sludge pumping stations can be used as water tanks when flushing pipelines.
8.2.17 Reception tanks should be equipped with devices for stirring up sediment and washing the tank.
The slope of the tank bottom to the pits is taken to be at least 0.1. For tanks with dimensions in plan and for pits that decrease in depth, the slopes of their walls to the horizon should be taken at least 60° for concrete and at least 45° for smooth surfaces(plastic, concrete with polymer coating and etc.).
8.2.18 In tanks for receiving wastewater, the mixing of which can cause the formation of harmful gases, sediments or toxic substances, as well as when it is necessary to maintain independent flows of wastewater, it is necessary to provide separate sections for each flow.
8.2.19 Tanks for industrial wastewater containing flammable, flammable, explosive or volatile toxic substances must be separate. Distance from outer wall these tanks must be at least: 10 m - to pumping station buildings, 20 m - to others industrial buildings, 100 m - to public buildings.
8.2.20 Tanks for industrial aggressive wastewater should, as a rule, be free-standing. They may be placed in the machine room.
The number of tanks must be at least two with a continuous flow of wastewater. For periodic discharges, it is allowed to provide one reservoir, provided that repair work is possible.
8.2.21 It is recommended to provide a diameter of the suction pipeline, as a rule, larger than the suction pipe of the pump.
The distance from the pump suction pipe to the nearby fitting (outlet, fittings) must be at least five pipe diameters.
Transitions for horizontally located suction pipelines must be eccentric with a straight line top part, to avoid the formation of air cavities in them. The suction line must have a continuous lift to the pump of at least 0.005.
The laying of suction pipelines between free-standing tanks and pumping station buildings should be provided in channels or tunnels with a rise to the pumps.
8.2.22 In pumping stations, the laying of pipelines should be provided, as a rule, above the floor surface, or in channels under the floor with access to maintenance and control of the valves.
Laying pipelines transporting aggressive wastewater in channels is not allowed. The number of shut-off valves should be kept to a minimum.
8.2.23 To reduce the estimated flow of wastewater supplied to pressure pipelines, as well as to accumulate wastewater flow during accidents, it is allowed to install control or emergency control tanks. The optimal value of the regulated design flow rate should be determined by technical and economic calculation.
8.2.24 The design of control and emergency control tanks must provide for pumping the regulated flow rate to wastewater treatment plants, collection and removal (or non-sedimentation) of suspended solids, flushing of settling sand, non-rotting of wastewater, and treatment of ventilation emissions.
Pumping station buildings are constructed from materials of the 1st-2nd degree of fire resistance - brick, monolithic or precast reinforced concrete. The building consists of a pump room and auxiliary premises.
Pumping department buildings should be one-story, with large glazed window openings, since windows serve not only for lighting and ventilation, but also to protect the building structure from destruction during explosions, that is, they function as explosion valves. Part of the pumping station with auxiliary premises can be made in the form of a one-story or multi-story extension. The annex houses the following premises: a transformer substation with distribution boards; workshop; backup power plant; ventilation units; service and sanitary facilities (dressing rooms, showers, washbasins, toilets, meal rooms) and others.
When installing pump units with explosion-proof electric motors, the pump compartment consists of one room. When using pumps driven by internal combustion engines or synchronous electric motors, as well as asynchronous electric motors of open design or with a reduced degree of protection, the pump room is built with two compartments - pump and motor. In this case, the pump compartment is separated from the engine compartment by a fireproof sealed partition - a firewall. The pump compartment must be provided with two entrances and exits with vestibules; in the engine compartment, one doorway with a vestibule is allowed.
In cases where the pump room consists of two compartments, the drive shafts from the motors to the pumps pass through firewalls in sealed stuffing box devices. The picture shows one of possible ways installation of a pump driven by a synchronous electric motor.
To install gland devices in firewalls, openings are made, walled up with steel sheets, in which holes are cut and mounting flanges with studs are welded, to which the pass-through gland devices are then attached.
The designs of pass-through stuffing box devices are mainly of two types:
- in the form of a steel boss with a flange, in which the oil seal is arranged, and the bearing assemblies are installed on special concrete supports.
console - with a cylindrical body and flange, components are mounted in the console body - oil seal and shaft supports, usually with rolling bearings;
1 - pump, 2 - electric motor, 3 - starting rheostat, 4 - manual drive rheostat,
5 - stuffing box, 6 - shaft outrigger, 7 - partition (firewall)
The figure below shows the layout of a typical station with two compartments.
1,2,3 - auxiliary premises(switchboard, drivers, ventilation), 4 - centrifugal pump,
5 - valve, 6 - electric drive piston pump, 7,8 - open electric motors
Technological pumping units in the pump room can be located in one or two rows. When pumps are arranged in a single row, the distance between them must be at least 1.0 m (between protruding units). The distance from pumps to solid end and rear walls or firewalls must be at least 0.8 m. If the end walls have openings, then the distance increases and is taken to be at least 1.0 m. The distance from the front of the pumps to façade wall With window openings must be at least 2.0 m. In this gap, a monorail with a manual hoist is usually installed to move the units of pumping units during repair work.
With a double-row arrangement of pumping units, the distance between the rows is taken to be at least 2.0 m, the remaining gaps are the same as with a single-row arrangement of units. In this case, a monorail with a hoist is installed in the gap between the rows of pumps.
In pumping stations intended for pumping light petroleum products of classes 1-2 (LPG), the premises of the pumping rooms are classified according to the degree fire danger to category A and B with explosion hazard zone B-1a, that is, explosive mixtures Moiyr are formed when the tightness of the equipment is broken. Therefore, electrical equipment must be used in an explosion-proof design and comply with the explosion hazard category of the resulting mixture.
Electrical wiring must be carried out with cables and wires with rubber or polyvinyl chloride insulation in sealed pipes with sealed metal fittings. It is allowed to lay cables with a metal sheath openly on special mounting shelves or in metal boxes. Wherein outer covering cables made of combustible materials (jute, bitumen, cotton braid) must be removed.
When entering electrical wiring pipes from rooms with a normal environment or from outside the building, the pipes must be hermetically sealed in the wall, and when entering an explosive room, they must have special separation fittings, which, after assembling the pipe wiring, must be filled under pressure with a special blower with elastic sealing mastic on a polyethylene basis . As an exception, separation fittings, if they cannot be installed in an explosive area, are allowed to be installed on the side of the room with a normal environment.
All types of technological equipment (pumps, pipelines) and electrical equipment (electric motors, switchboards, electrical pipes, lamps, cables, ventilation systems) must be reliably grounded. For grounding, an external grounding loop is built around the pump house building, and an internal strip steel loop is built inside the pump room. The internal contour should be laid along the walls at a height of 200 mm from the floor, clearly visible and painted black. Both circuits are connected to each other by jumpers in two places. TO inner contour the above technological and electrical equipment. The resistance of the ground loop should be no more than 10 ohms. Protection of the pumping station from direct lightning strikes can be general from mast supports, pinned or in the form of a continuous metal mesh, which is laid on the ceiling under concrete screed roofs.
Lighting of the pumping station should be natural and artificial. There are two options for artificial lighting - through window openings and internal. When lighting through window openings, it is necessary to take into account that for pumping stations that work with petroleum products of the 1st and 2nd classes (PPE) and related to the degree of explosion hazard in zones B-1, B-1a, the outer zone within 0.5 is considered explosive m horizontally and vertically from window and doorways. Internal electrical wiring must be carried out in sealed pipes with metal threaded fittings. Accordingly, internal lamps must be explosion-proof with a degree of protection of 1P65, external ones - 1P64, 1P56.
Pumping stations must be equipped with ventilation, including:
- ground pumping stations working with dark oil products, natural exhaust ventilation with the installation of deflectors.
above-ground, semi-underground and underground pumping stations specialized in pumping oil and light oil products using forced supply and exhaust ventilation;
In pumping stations operating simultaneously with conventional petroleum products and leaded gasoline, the following must be provided for pumping leaded petroleum products:
- separate forced ventilation with an air exchange rate of at least k=13.5.
separate room with independent entrance and exit;
specialized pumping units and process pipelines, not having a connection with the common collector;
The values of the air exchange rate coefficients in pumping stations with a height of 6 m are taken according to SNiP 2.11.0-93 standards (shown in the table). When reducing the height of the room, the multiplicity should increase by 16% for each meter of reduction in the height of the room. The height of pumping station premises must be at least 3.5 m.
Standards for air exchange rates in pumping stations
Pumping stations must be equipped with stationary fire extinguishing systems - foam or steam extinguishing agents, as well as primary fire extinguishing means - fire extinguishers, sand, buckets, shovels, etc. Ventilation units (fans and motors) in pumping stations for oil and light oil products must be explosion-proof design. For supply fans, air intake devices are located outside explosive zone- in the zone clean air, not contaminated with petroleum product vapors. Air intake grids exhaust ventilation should be located at the lowest point of the pump room, that is, at the level of the floor or the bottom of the channel in the case of channel laying of pipelines.
5.10.5. If, due to local conditions, it is impossible to provide pumping installations with category I power from two independent power supply sources, it is allowed to use one source for this purpose, provided that it is connected to different lines with a voltage of 0.4 kV and to different transformers of a two-transformer substation or transformers of the two nearest single-transformer substations (with automatic backup switch device).
5.10.6. It is allowed to use a diesel power plant as a second independent source of power supply.
5.10.7. A pump driven by internal combustion engines may be used as a backup fire pump. Pumps driven by internal combustion engines must not be placed in basements.
5.10.8. The time it takes for fire pumps (with automatic or manual activation) to reach operating mode should not exceed 10 minutes.
5.10.9. Pumping stations should be located in separate buildings or extensions or in a separate room of buildings on the ground, ground or first underground floor.
5.10.10. Pumping stations must have a separate exit to the outside or to a staircase with an exit to the outside.
5.10.11. The pumping station room must be separated from other rooms by fire partitions and ceilings with a fire resistance rating of REI 45.
5.10.12. The air temperature in the pumping station room should be from 5 to 35 °C, relative humidity - no more than 80% at 25 °C.
5.10.14. The station premises must be equipped with telephone communication with the fire station premises.
5.10.15. At the entrance to the station premises there should be a light sign “Fire extinguishing pump station” connected to emergency lighting.
5.10.17. When determining the area of premises of pumping stations, the width of passages should be taken at least:
Between control units, between them and the wall - 0.5 m;
Between pumps or electric motors - 1 m;
Between pumps or electric motors and the wall in recessed rooms - 0.7 m, in others - 1 m, while the width of the passage on the side of the electric motor must be sufficient to dismantle the rotor;
Between compressors or blowers - 1.5 m, between them and the wall - 1 m;
Between fixed protruding parts of equipment - 0.7 m;
In front of the electrical distribution panel - 2 m.
Notes:
1. Passages around the equipment, regulated by the manufacturer, should be taken according to the passport data.
2. For pumping units with a discharge pipe diameter up to DN 100 inclusive, the following is allowed:
Installation of units against the wall or on brackets;
Installation of two units on the same foundation with a distance between the protruding parts of the units of at least 0.25 m, providing passages around the double unit with a width of at least 0.7 m.
5.10.18. To reduce the size of the station in plan, it is possible to install pumps with right and left rotation of the shaft, while the impeller should rotate in only one direction.
5.10.19. In the pumping station room, to connect the fire extinguishing installation to mobile fire fighting equipment, pipelines with a nominal diameter of at least DN 80 should be provided with pipes leading outside to a height of (1.35 +/- 0.15) m, equipped with connecting heads GM 80. The pipelines should provide the greatest calculated flow rate of the dictating section of the fire extinguishing installation.
5.10.20. Outside the pumping station premises, the connecting heads must be placed so that at least two fire trucks can be connected simultaneously (i.e. there must be at least two inputs with connecting heads).
5.10.21. Simultaneously with the switching on of the fire pumps, all pumps for other purposes, powered into this main line and not included in the fire control system, must be automatically switched off.
5.10.22. The axis mark or immersion mark of the pump should be determined, as a rule, from the conditions for installing the pump casing under the fill:
In a tank (container, reservoir) - from the upper water level (determined from the bottom) of the fire volume;
In a water intake well - from the dynamic level of groundwater at maximum water intake;
In a watercourse or reservoir - from the minimum water level in them: at the maximum supply of calculated water levels in surface sources - 1% and at the minimum - 97%.
5.10.23. When determining the axis mark of a fire pump or the immersion mark of a fire pump relative to the minimum intake water level, it is necessary to be guided by technical documentation on specific type pump
5.10.24. In recessed and semi-recessed pumping stations, measures must be taken against possible flooding of units in the event of an accident within the turbine room at the largest pump in terms of productivity, as well as at shut-off valves or pipelines by:
Location of pump electric motors at a height of at least 0.5 m from the floor of the turbine room;
Gravity release of an emergency amount of water into the sewer or onto the surface of the earth;
Pumping water from the pit with special or basic pumps of industrial significance.
5.10.25. For water drainage, the floors and channels of the machine room should be designed with a slope towards the collection pit. On the foundations for pumps, sides, grooves and tubes for water drainage should be provided; If it is impossible to drain water by gravity from the pit, drainage pumps should be provided.
5.10.26. In pumping stations with internal combustion engines, it is allowed to place consumable containers with liquid fuel (gasoline - 250 l, diesel fuel - 500 l) in rooms separated from the machine room by fireproof structures with a fire resistance rating of at least REI 120.
5.10.27. Vibration-isolating bases and vibration-isolating inserts may not be provided in fire pumping installations.
5.10.28. Fire pumping units and modular pumping units must be installed on a foundation whose weight must be at least 4 times the weight of the pumping units or modular pumping units.
5.10.29. The number of suction lines to the pumping station, regardless of the number and groups of installed pumps, must be at least two. Each suction line must be designed to handle the full design flow of water.
5.10.30. The placement of shut-off valves on all suction and pressure pipelines must provide the possibility of replacing or repairing any of the pumps, check valves and main shut-off valves, as well as checking the characteristics of the pumps.
5.10.31. The suction line should generally have a continuous rise to the pump with a slope of at least 0.005. In places where pipeline diameters change, non-coaxial transitions should be used.
5.10.32. Each pump should have a check valve, valve and pressure gauge on the pressure line, and a valve and pressure gauge on the suction line. When the pump is operating without support on the suction line, there is no need to install a valve on it. 5.10.36. When automatically and remotely turning on fire pumps, it is necessary to simultaneously send a signal (light and sound) to the fire station room or another room with 24-hour presence of service personnel.
5.10.37. Pumping stations should provide for measuring the pressure in the pressure pipelines of each pumping unit, the temperature of the unit bearings (if necessary), and the emergency flooding level (the appearance of water in the machine room at the level of the foundations of electric drives).
5.10.38. A visual level gauge for monitoring the level of fire extinguishing agent in fire tanks should be located in the pumping station room. When automatically replenishing the reservoir, it is allowed to use only automatic measurement of emergency levels with alarm output to the fire station and to the pumping station.
5.10.39. Pumping units and control units in accordance with GOST 12.4.009, GOST R 12.4.026, GOST R 50680, GOST R 50800 and GOST R 51052 must be painted red.
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Suction and pressure pipelines must be located inside the premises of pumping stations in such a way that they are accessible for installation, inspection and repair. The vertical distance from the bottom of the suction and pressure pipelines to the floor of the machine room in non-recessed and recessed pumping stations must be at least 300 mm for pipeline diameters up to 300 mm and 400 mm for pipelines with a diameter of more than 300 mm.
When laying pipelines above the floor, it is necessary to provide transition bridges with railings, stairs or cabinets for servicing equipment.
The suction and pressure pipelines of each pump must be equipped with instruments for measuring pressure.
The suction pipeline is one of the most critical parts of the station equipment. Suction and pressure pipelines both inside and outside the pumping station should be made of welded steel pipes using flanged connections to connect fittings.
The inlet of the suction pipe must be buried 0.5–1.0 m below the minimum water level in the tank to prevent air from entering the suction pipe.
It is necessary to install valves or gates on the suction manifold of the pumping station in order to switch operating pumps or shut down the entire pumping station in the event of an emergency.
The speed of water movement in the suction and pressure pipelines of the pipeline should be taken according to table 2.2.
The diameter of the suction pipelines is determined by the formula
The suction line is made of electric-welded steel pipes with a diameter of 630x8 in accordance with GOST 10704-91.
The diameter of pressure pipelines is determined by the formula
The pressure line is made of electric-welded steel pipes with a diameter of 530x8 in accordance with GOST 10704-91.
To reduce local losses when the flow enters the suction pipe, the diameter of the inlet section is D in increase by 1.3 times compared to the pipe diameter d tr:
Accepted steel pipe diameter 820x10 according to GOST 10704-91.
Pressure pipelines from pumps must be equipped with a check valve directly at the outlet, and then with a gate valve or gate valve. Shut-off valves should be installed on the pressure manifold and on each line of the water pipeline from the pumping station to be able to switch pumps and turn off any line of the water pipeline.
The number of pressure lines coming from pumping stations of categories I and II must be at least two.
Determination of dimensions in plan and in vertical plane
When determining the area of the machine room, the distance between the pumps and electric motors, between the pumps and the wall, and passages around the equipment should be taken into account. The width of the passages should be no less than:
– between pumps and (or) electric motors – 1 m;
– between pumps or electric motors and the wall in recessed rooms – 0.7 m, in others – 1 m; in this case, the width of the passage on the electric motor side must be sufficient to dismantle the rotor;
– between fixed protruding parts of equipment – 0.7 m.
The height of the machine room is determined by the lifting device for installation and dismantling of pumping equipment, overall dimensions pumps
The installation height of the lifting device above the installation site is determined by the possibility of unloading it from a vehicle or trolley and loading the largest element of pumping station equipment onto them, and this height must be at least 3.5 m.
For the delivery, installation and repair of pumping equipment in the turbine room, it is necessary to provide an installation site at ground level at the end of the building.
The dimensions of the foundation under the pump are at least 15 cm larger than the width and length of the slab or frame on which the pump and drive motor are mounted. The height of the foundation above the level of the finished floor should be taken depending on the location of the suction and pressure pipelines, but not less than 0.10 m.
Minimum height pump room H mz, m, is calculated using the formula
Where h 1– the height of the monorail crane beam, taking into account its suspension to the ceiling or the height of the crane above the head of the crane rail overhead crane, m;