10 impersonal sentences. What is an impersonal sentence and what are its features? Why impersonal offers appeared
1. The concept of one-part sentences.
2. The question of the qualification of the main member of one-part sentences.
3. Classification of one-part sentences:
· Definitely personal.
· Vaguely personal.
· Generalized-personal.
· Impersonal.
· Infinitives.
· Nominative.
· Vocative.
· Genitive.
One-part sentences as a structural-semantic type are opposed to two-part ones. Their distinctive feature is the presence of one main member, which gives them brevity, expressiveness, and sometimes a special stylistic coloring. In one-part sentences, the second main member of the sentence is not specified by the structure. One-part sentences are semantically self-sufficient and informatively complete. For example:
Whispers, timid breathing, trills of a nightingale.
Silver and the swaying of a sleepy stream.
Directions in plays are often presented in one-part sentences.
The main members of one-part sentences express the basic elements of predicativity. Compare: Night. The sentence presents real modality, real time plan, 3 syntactic person. Reported the latest news. The event described in this sentence refers to the real modality, the plane of the past tense and is attributed to an indefinite agent. If we make changes to the structure of a one-part sentence, then its structural type changes. For example: Night. // It was night . In the first case there is a one-part sentence, in the second there is a two-part sentence. Likewise in pairs Quiet all around. // All Quiet. I Love You thunderstorm in early May. // I love thunderstorm in May.
The main member of a one-part sentence is absolutely independent. According to the method of expression, the main members of one-part sentences are divided into verbal and nominal. Traditionally, in verbal sentences the main member is the predicate, in nominal sentences it is either the predicate or the subject.
Already in the 19th century, the question was raised of how to qualify the main members of one-part sentences? There are 3 points of view.
1. F.F. Fortunatov believed that a sentence cannot exist without a predicate, therefore any member of a one-part sentence should be qualified as a predicate: I'm talking. Night. Fire. We're on fire !
2. This point of view belongs to A. Shakhmatov. In his opinion, in one-part sentences neither the subject nor the predicate are clearly expressed, therefore one should talk about a special, third main member of the sentence and call it simply “the main member of a one-part sentence.” This idea was developed in the works of Soviet linguists. Comparing offers I'm coming And I'm coming, in which the verb is in the 1st person form, many of them came to the conclusion. That two-part sentences with a verb in the 1st and 2nd person forms have redundancy in semantics, since from the form itself it is clear to whom the event is attributed - the speaker or the interlocutor.
3. Traditional point of view, belonging to academician V.V. Vinogradov. The main member of a one-part sentence can be identified either with the predicate or with the subject. We will also adhere to this point of view.
Highlight unsubject and unspeakable types of one-part sentences. Subjectless ones include definitely personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal, impersonal and infinitive. The unpredictables are nominative, genitive and vocative.
Definitely personal are sentences in which the predicate is expressed by the 1st and 2nd person singular and plural verbs of the present and future indicative mood and the 2nd person verb of the imperative mood. Look on the clock, take a look out the window. All day yet let's be patient boredom. Afraid so that it doesn't work out.
An indication of a specific figure is contained in the forms of the verb - either the speaker or the interlocutor. One-part definitely-personal sentences can easily be transformed into two-part ones, just enter a personal pronoun. They have an incomplete paradigm: there is no past tense, 3rd person forms of the verb, and the subjunctive mood.
In contexts where both one-part and two-part sentences occur, definitely-personal sentences should not be regarded as incomplete. For example: - I'm leaving! – she said quietly. – I'm leaving, I'm leaving ! (single-part, complete). The subject of the action is indicated by the verb form itself. The difference between one-part sentences and two-part ones is that in the former the action itself is actualized. There are, however, proposals that are difficult to qualify - one-part complete or two-part incomplete. It makes sense to qualify them as transitional type structures. Let's consider these cases. Excited by dreams, through the fields, through meadows filled with stacks, thoughtfully wandering around. Separate definition excited by dreams must refer to a subject that is not in the sentence. It may indicate the omission of a subject.
Vaguely personal proposals- these are one-part sentences in which the predicate is represented by a verb form of the 3rd person plural of the present or future tense of the indicative mood, or a plural verb of the past tense of the indicative mood, or a plural verb of the subjunctive mood. And in the world took forehead, knocked on the floor, without regret! In Moscow will add forever triple. The attention is focused on the action, and the doer is not important. The paradigm for indefinite-personal sentences is also incomplete.
Indefinite-personal sentences have different semantic subgroups:
1. The character referred to by the verb form is unknown to the speaker. The paths were covered with gravel. Forests were cut down everywhere.
2. The figure is known, but is deliberately not named. Judgments are drawn from forgotten newspapers. They found protection from the court in money, in kinship.
3. The actor is the speaker himself. – Move over! They tell you! I mean, I'm telling you this.
4. The actor becomes known after performing the action. There was a knock on the door. The porter came in.
The following cases are difficult to qualify. We will consider as transitional phenomena: (1) an indefinite agent is characterized by a definition. They brought him home and didn’t even beat him, embarrassed by his silence. (2) in the context, one-part indefinite-personal sentences can be preceded by a two-part sentence with an indefinite subject “we”, “you”.
That's it, you are all proud!
They would ask just like the fathers did!
We would study, looking at the elders! We are clearly talking about the 2nd person, the speaker gives him instructions. Here it is possible to consider this sentence as a two-part incomplete one with a missing subject.
Generalized personal proposals. These sentences do not have their own way of expression. They are distinguished only by semantics. So both definitely-personal and indefinitely-personal sentences can have a generalized meaning. In this case, they say that the action can be attributed to any person. Take care honor from a young age. 2 person has lost its original meaning - an indication of the interlocutor, and the action indicated by the verb can be attributed to any person. Similarly in the sentence Do not count your chickens before they are hatched verb consider can be attributed to any figure.
A special group of generalized-personal sentences are those that talk about an action performed in the past, and the verb itself is used in the present or future tense. For example: You're sitting in an old hut, like in a fortress, you decide homework. Such proposals are considered as a generalization of personal experience. In this case, the forms of the present or future tense have a figurative meaning. Another example: And your heart will start beating. You press your hands to your chest to calm it down. Will you really stop? Action expressed by a verb you will press refers to the speaker himself. In this case, the form of the 2nd person also has a figurative meaning, since it indicates the 1st person. Synonymous with generalized personal sentences are two-part sentences with a subject someone, everyone, people, person.
Impersonal offers- These are sentences that express an action without regard to the actor. For example: It was getting dark. It's getting colder . The subject of the action is eliminated, the person is not designated and is not thought of. That is why sentences are called impersonal. To understand the specifics of impersonal sentences, you can compare 2 constructions: AND I believe it, And crying, So easy-easy. // I believe I'm crying . In the second case, the action depends on the will of the actor himself; it is derived from his desire. In the first case, the action occurs against the will of the actor himself. It is as if the actor becomes a “blind toy.” So, the specificity of impersonal sentences is that the doer is eliminated.
Impersonal sentences are the most variegated group of one-part sentences in structure and semantics. The predicative center of impersonal sentences can be expressed by a verb, SKS and short passive participles. In turn, each structural type of impersonal sentences is divided into several subtypes. Let's look at these subtypes.
Verb type.
Impersonal sentences with a verb as a predicate can have the following varieties:
1. The predicate is expressed by impersonal verbs. It's getting light. It was getting dark. It's getting dark. It will get colder. These verbs are used in the 3rd person singular form of the present and future tense. They fell out of the conjugation system. Sometimes a sentence contains an indirect reference to the actor. It seems to me. Throws me around in the heat
2. Personal verbs in impersonal use. The current carries the boat away. A two-part sentence in which there is a subject of action. The current carries the boat . An impersonal sentence in which there is an indirect indication of the subject.
3. Verbs with the meaning of existence, being Not enough strength. There was no time. In such sentences the object is often in the genitive case.
4. A peculiar form of the predicate is the word “no”. No money. No fire. These constructions are antonymous to two-part sentences with the meaning of presence, existence. Have money. There is fire.
Nominal type.
The main way of expressing the predicative center is short passive participles in the neuter form. How few roads have been traveled, how many mistakes have been made.
The predicative center can be expressed by SKS I feel sorry for you. I'm sad because you're having fun. The predicate expressed by SCS may include an infinitive. But it’s sad to think that youth was given to us in vain. It was fun to ride on the lake at night. These sentences must be distinguished from two-part sentences in which the infinitive is the subject. It's sad to think about death. It was hard to walk and sit with us. An indirect sign for differentiation is the position of the infinitive. In this case, the actual division of the sentence is taken into account, but this factor is subjective. If the words KS have a modal meaning, then the infinitive is necessarily part of the predicate.
According to semantics, the following groups of impersonal sentences are distinguished:
1. Sentences denoting various natural phenomena, various events in the environment. The station was quiet. It was getting dark.
2. Sentences expressing various mental and physical states of a person. Sometimes I feel like I'm a bird. A little creepy.
3. Sentences that name states caused by the absence of something. Humble yourself, heart, to the end: there is no creator in the creations, and there is no meaning in prayer.
4. Sentences expressing various modal and emotional assessments. You need to be more careful.
The type of one-part subjectless sentences is most easily determined by the form of the predicate verb.
1. Is it true that impersonal sentences name actions (states) that do not have a subject? Prove it.
2. What are the existing forms of impersonality in the modern Russian language?
3. Why is the main member of nominal impersonal sentences always compound or complex? What parts of speech words can be used in it?
4. Show with examples (such as It's cold in the mornings. - It's cold in the room. - I'm cold), that minor members can “clarify” the grammatical semantics of impersonal sentences.
5. Why are minor members of a certain type obligatory in many impersonal sentences? Explain the connection between the grammatical semantics of a sentence and the semantics of an obligatory minor member.
6. Analyze impersonal sentences according to the following plan: 1) grammatical meaning of the sentence; 2) the main member, its grammatical form and method of expression; 3) presence/absence of a mandatory secondary member; 4) in the presence of such a minor member - its grammatical semantics and form.
1. The air smelled of iron. 2. It became dimmer and dreary every minute. 3. The church was bright and green with leaves clinging to the windows from outside. 4. Not a single star lit up over the sea. 5. Kuzma Kuzmich was bursting with an overabundance of life. 6. This was not the case with Ivan Ilyich. 7. But that evening she had no time for philosophy… 8. Explosions and the tearing whistle of shells were no longer heard. 9. The river and banks were again covered with a snowstorm. The wind increased, turning north. It was getting cold quickly. 10. Katya had to save her strength very much. 11. I had to think about everything very calmly(A.N. Tolstoy).
7*. Determine which sentences are two-part and which are impersonal.
1. The beginning of the story is very romantic(Kuprin). 2. If this is witty, it is merciless and tactless(Kuprin). 3. Merkulov feels terrible and painful(Kuprin). 4. How loud, joyful, fragrant and beautiful everything was around!(Kuprin). 5. Auntie was scared. <…> The worst thing was that this alien could not be bitten, since he was invisible and had no shape(Chekhov). 6. It was especially sad on Sundays(Granin). 7.[ Will you tell me everything?.] And who cares?(Granin).
8. The most unpleasant thing in the morning was washing my face(Bunin). 9. Life on the farm is getting worse and more boring every day...(Bunin). 10. It was uncomfortable for him to lie down. He put his hands under his head and lifted his left leg onto the back of the sofa. It has become convenient(Chekhov). eleven. He was not ashamed to remember his weakness yesterday(Chekhov). 12. It's hard, hard to live as a recluse, but it's harder to be cheerful(Akhmatova). 13. It wasn't easy to be honest(A.N. Tolstoy). 14. And here tomorrow it is planned to storm the Kremlin and the arsenal...(A.N. Tolstoy). 15. It won’t take long for you to have an accident here...(Granin).
8. What made it possible to distinguish infinitive sentences from impersonal ones?
9*. Why is the modal meaning of an infinitive sentence more difficult to determine than that of an impersonal sentence? Show this with examples.
10. Show with examples that the introduction of various particles into the main member changes the modal meaning of the infinitive sentence. (You can experiment with a specific sentence for this: Finish work by 5 o'clock! – We can’t finish our work by 5 o’clock! – We should finish our work by 5 o’clock! – Shouldn’t we finish our work by 5 o’clock? and so on.).
11. What sentences are classified as impersonal-infinitive?
12. Fill out the table. Pay special attention to the forms: 1) possible in several types of sentences; 2) not used in any type of one-part sentence.
In the future, use this table when determining the types of verbal one-part sentences.
Use of verb forms
as part of the main member of one-part sentences
| Morphological form of the verb | type of a sentence |
| 1 l. units hours present and bud. vr. will express incl. | |
| 1 l. plural present and bud. vr. will express incl. | |
| 2 l. units hours present and bud. vr. will express incl. | |
| 2 l. hours present and bud. vr. will express incl. | |
| 3 l. units hours present and bud. vr. will express incl. | |
| 3 l. pl. hours present and bud. vr. will express incl. | |
| m.r. units h. pr. vr. will express incl. and they will compose. incl. | |
| and. R. units h. pr. vr. will express incl. and they will compose. incl. | |
| Wed R. units h. pr. vr. will express incl. and they will compose. incl. | |
| pl. h. pr. vr. will express incl. and they will compose. incl. | |
| 2 l. units h. will command. incl. | |
| 2 l. pl. h. will command. incl. | |
| form of joint action | |
| infinitive |
13*. Think about what features you can rely on when determining the type of one-part sentence, which is based on an infinitive.
14. Determine what structural-semantic type the sentences belong to.
1. No, it is not for a woman to run a laboratory.. 2. But there was nothing to talk about studying in graduate school. 3. Frankly speaking, most people are pretty tired of studying. 4. The most interesting thing was standing on the bridge, above the dam. 5. “He won’t be able to catch up with Vanyushkin!” - Peka shouted. 6.In short, Borisov had reason to worry(Granin).
15. Determine what type of grammatical basis each simple sentence belongs to (the predicative part of a complex sentence). Identify and characterize the main members.
1. Somewhere behind the church they sang a magnificent sad song. It was impossible to make out the words, and only voices were heard: two tenors and a bass. Because everyone was listening, the courtyard became quiet...(Chekhov).
2. “My friends,” he began, “I came to tell you that there is no need to delay.” Get ready... it's time for you to go. You need to be ready in an hour. You need to go get married. There is no news from Paklin; His horses were first detained in Arzhanom, and then sent back... He stayed there. He was probably taken to the city(Turgenev).
3. How insatiable we are and how unjust! All the obvious joy of the infidel is driven away by fear. The curls of your hair are still so tender! What delight lives on fading lips! Let's go. How long will we not be separated? How long can I breathe joy? Who knows! It's time not to be afraid of the future in advance, It's time to learn to remember happiness(Fet).
4. In theaters and cinemas, audiences are allowed out in small batches, supposedly to avoid congestion. It is very easy to avoid congestion - you just have to open the abundant exits. But instead the administration acts using force(I. Ilf, E. Petrov).
5. You wander your eyes over these lovely hills and, remembering your past, sometimes you think: “No, I don’t want to repeat it again, I don’t want to be young again!” And you will smile along with the earth and be happy about something(Prishvin).
16*. Analyze information about impersonal sentences in high school textbooks. Evaluate them from the point of view of scientific character and implementation of intra-subject connections with morphology.
17. Make a selection of examples that can be used when studying verbal one-part sentences in secondary school. (When completing the assignment, use works of literature included in the school curriculum.)
Related information.
Let us indicate several types of impersonal sentences from the point of view of the nature of their construction.
1. When describing natural or natural phenomena, impersonal sentences are used, the predicate of which is not associated with any person or object and does not require addition: Already it was dawn.(P.) Already quite It got dark and started to get cold.(T.) At the sawmill yard burns.(Ch.)
2. When depicting natural phenomena, such impersonal sentences are also used, the predicate of which is expressed by a transitive verb with a direct object and is accompanied by another object in the instrumental case: All the sky clouded gray clouds. (Hertz.) Lit up thunderstorm tree. (N.) Stormy ship smashed. As can be seen from the examples, the active subject in these sentences is known (clouds, thunderstorm, storm), but it is understood as an instrument of elemental power and is designated by the instrumental case.
Figuratively, sentences with the same construction are used when depicting acute and strong human experiences: It's like I'm under attack hit.(Ch.) Like a knife to the heart slashed me. (L.T.) I feel the same way got through fear. (G.)
3. When depicting such states, the source of which is unknown, impersonal sentences with a predicate, an expressed transitive verb are used. The direct object denotes the person affected by the condition: Me chills. In the morning of the old man was feverish. Me blew up.(T.) And how does that make you feel got it right!(Ch.) The same type of sentences with a transitive verb are used when depicting actions whose subject is unknown: Tarantas pushed: Lavretsky straightened up. (T.)
4. When describing various sensations caused by an external cause, impersonal sentences can be used, the predicate of which is expressed by an intransitive verb and is accompanied by an object in the instrumental case. This addition indicates the cause, source, manufacturer of this condition: From afar pulled quiet and soft warmth. (T.) Through the open windows smelled needles (A.N.T.) From rye, as if from an oven, also warm pours over.(N.)
5. Impersonal sentences are very widespread, the predicate of which is accompanied by an object in the dative case. Such sentences depict states of persons that do not depend on their will: To me can't sleep. Home for him couldn't sit. Something for me got sad. To me sad involuntarily. (P.)
6. The addition in the dative case is also used in those impersonal sentences that indicate the need for action; the predicate in this case is expressed by a combination of modal words like must, must, should, must with an infinitive form of the verb, for example: Us Need to work. To you you should hurry up. Personal the composition must be in full combat readiness.
7. A completely special construction is represented by impersonal sentences with an object in the genitive case. They come in two types:
1) When expressing negation. Match: in the affirmative form: Some noise was heard in negative: I didn't hear no noise; in the affirmative: There was an opportunity to go in negative: Did not have opportunities to travel;
in the affirmative: I have time in negative:
I have No time. Such negative sentences denote the complete absence of an object or phenomenon.
2) When expressing a statement. The entire sentence is of a quantitative-evaluative nature, and the addition in the genitive case denotes the whole from which the part is taken: Bread for us enough until the end of the excursion. Porridge left for two.
Exercise 40. Using the examples, replace personal sentences with impersonal ones (in writing).
Sample. I want to study the history of Moscow. -I want to study the history of Moscow.
1) I didn’t want to lag behind others. 2) He doesn't sit at home. 3) Grandma is not sleeping. 4) I didn’t believe in the success of the trip.
Sample. All the roads are covered with snow. - All the roads are covered with snow.
1) The rain refreshed the greenery. 2) The wind broke a branch on the tree. 3) The hail damaged the seedlings. 4) Thin ice covered the puddles. 5) The fire immediately engulfed the entire roof. 6) The whole sky was covered with gray clouds. 7) The hurricane demolished many huts.
Sample. I have skis.- I don’t have skis.
1) I have skates. 2) There were porcini mushrooms here. 3) I had a horse. 4) I had free time. 5) He had a desire to draw.
41. Write by inserting the missing letters. Determine the type of impersonal sentence by the absence or presence of additions in it and the nature of these additions (in the accusative, instrumental, dative and genitive cases).
1) It’s already completely crazy. (L.T.) 2) It got dark. A whitish cloud was barely visible at the zenith... . (Cor.) 3) It was already getting dark when the troops arrived at their overnight camp. (L.T.) 4) September died - and the dahlias were scorched by the breath of the night. (F.) 5) In the first year, the house sparkled, it even hurt the eyes with its freshness. (Cor.) 6. My whole head is all over...cute! (Sharp) 7) His lips twitched. (T.) 8) She passionately wanted a garden, darkness, clear sky, stars. (Ch.) 9) He always had no...leisure. (N.) 10) Lavretsky felt sorry for the old man. (T.) 11) At the reception I... had to wait a long time.
§ 35. Nominal sentences- these are one-part sentences consisting only of a subject or a subject with explanatory words, for example: Winter. The peasant, triumphant, renews the path on wood. (P.) Blue hillocks of forget-me-nots. Yellow fields of Sverbigus. The gray-black bee hums, and curls, and digs in. (L.T.) Nominal sentences are pronounced with a special intonation.
The meaning of nominal sentences is to affirm the existence or presence of a phenomenon in the present tense. Consequently, nominative sentences cannot be used either in the past or in the future tense, or in the subjunctive or imperative mood. In these tenses and moods they correspond to two-part personal sentences with a predicate was or will: Winter (nominal sentence). It was winter. It will be winter(two-part personal sentences).
Nominal sentences are often found in literary descriptions. They give speech conciseness and expressiveness:
Noise, laughter, running, bowing,
Gallop, mazurka, waltz...Meanwhile,
Between two aunts at the column,
Unnoticed by anyone
Tatyana looks and doesn’t see,
He hates the excitement of the world... (P.)
Nominal sentences accompanied by a particle Here, used when indicating: Here is the willow. There was a gate here. (P.)
Nominal sentences can be exclamatory: Spring! The first frame is exposed. (Mike.)
Personal offers
The subject of a personal sentence can be expressed by various parts of speech or can be implied, as, for example, with a predicate expressed by a verb in the imperative mood:
- Don "t go there. - Don't go there! (implied: you - you)!
Vaguely personal proposals
Indefinite sentences in English contain a subject denoting an indefinite person. In Russian, indefinite personal sentences do not have a subject:
- They say there will be a good harvest.
- The quieter you go, the further you'll get.
The subject in English indefinite-personal sentences is expressed by the pronoun one in the meaning of the indefinite-personal pronoun. one is not translated into Russian, and the entire sentence corresponds to the Russian indefinite-personal or impersonal sentence:
- From the other window one saw the four large blocks of university buildings. =>From another window, four large blocks of university buildings were visible
- One cannot see a reactor itself, only its cover. => You cannot see the reactor itself, you can only see its body.
As the subject of indefinite personal sentences, the pronoun they is also used in the meaning of an indefinite person, excluding the speaker:
- They say he will be back on Monday. => They say he will be back on Monday.
Impersonal offers
Impersonal sentences in English do not have a subject of action, although, due to the grammatical structure of English sentences, they always contain a subject expressed by the pronoun it.
It in impersonal sentences has no lexical meaning; it performs only the grammatical function of a formal subject in a sentence and is not translated into Russian.
Note. The predicate in such sentences can be: 1) a compound nominal predicate, consisting of a linking verb to be and a nominal part expressed by an adjective or noun. The verbs to become, to get, to grow can also be used as a linking verb in the meaning of becoming, being done; 2) a simple predicate, expressed by verbs denoting the state of the weather: to snow, to rain, to freeze, etc.
Impersonal sentences are used to denote natural phenomena, weather conditions, time and distance:
- It is cold. => It's cold.
- It was spring. => It was spring.
- It snows. => It's snowing.
- It was raining when the plane landed. => It was raining when the plane landed.
- It is far to my native town from here. => It's a long way from here to my hometown.
- It is late. => It's too late.
- It is 5 o"clock. => 5 o'clock.
- It is getting dark. => It's getting dark.
In addition, impersonal sentences include sentences that include: the pronoun it as a formal subject and verbs expressing doubt, probability, chance, as a linking verb. This includes such impersonal phrases as it seems - it seems, it appears - apparently, obviously; it happens - it turns out, etc.:
- It seemed that nobody knew anything about the matter. => No one seemed to know anything about this matter.
“The concept of one-part sentences” - Definitely personal sentences. Definitely personal proposals may have ………………. meaning. You would have rested if you had done your homework earlier. You have done your homework? Assignment for group 1. It's winter all around. Sing in the light of the moonlit night! Cross the street carefully!); verbs are usually used in the 2nd person form. The wordlessness of peace.
“One-part sentences” - Must be able to: Distinguish one-part sentences from two-part ones. Check: General lesson on the topic “One-part sentences”. Synonyms: Mutual check: Must know: types of one-part sentences. Assessment standards: Russian language lesson in 8th grade. Find synonyms among the words in the second part of the dictation. Distinguish one-part sentences from each other.
“One-part simple sentence” - Who will return warmth and light to the sea. Sometimes you drive past a ravine where there are bushes, and you hear. There are a great many good words in the Russian language. Word formation moment. Lesson objectives. Steppe. The monotonous chatter lulls you to sleep like a lullaby. One-part sentences. One-part sentences.
“Analysis of one-part sentences” - Winter is all around. Frost and sun. Wind. One-part sentences. Whisper. Definitely personal suggestions. Test. Impersonal offers. Vaguely personal proposals. Generalized personal proposals. Scheme. Type of a sentence. Name sentences. Types of one-part sentences. Algorithm for determining types of one-part sentences.
“Lessons on one-part sentences” - Educational environment of the project Additional information Project program. Expected results The series of presentations has been tested. Syntax of a simple sentence" and generalization of what was studied in grades 10-11 in order to prepare for the Unified State Exam. Nominal sentences - familiarization with one of the types of one-part sentences.
“Examples of one-part sentences” - Definitely personal sentences. Incorrect statement numbers. Impersonal offer. War. One-part sentences. Vaguely personal proposal. Vaguely personal proposals. Melting sticky snow. Generalized personal proposals. Let's check ourselves. Personal verbs. There is desolation all around. The cranes are carried away by the wind.
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