An alternative to building a garage out of garbage. Budget and simple construction of a garage: how to build it cheaper, from what materials? Prefabricated metal structures with different cladding

Build convenient garage It’s quite possible to do it yourself in a month. Of course, if you have an assistant, the work will go faster and it’s quite possible to complete it in two weeks. The main thing is to decide on the choice of material.

Let's consider the most available materials, what to build a garage from, with the least cost in terms of complexity:

• Ready metal constructions can be installed within a day on a shallow foundation or concrete plates. The disadvantage of such a building is that it requires high-quality insulation and waterproofing.
• The option made from corrugated sheets will be cheaper, but welding work will be required.
• A garage made of sandwich panels is quick and convenient. Insulated panels with a thickness of at least 100 mm are mounted on a metal frame. A foundation is not required for such a building; a compacted cushion of crushed stone is sufficient. For a private home, the ideal fast and convenient option at minimal cost.
• If you have access to inexpensive wood, it is reliable and durable. Logs treated with antiseptics and fire retardants are not inferior to stone and brick in terms of thermal insulation and durability, and even better.
• Reliable and warm brick garage will cost more; it will require pouring a strip or slab foundation and taking care of an insulated roof. A garage made of foam concrete will cost less, but in this case you will have to think about high-quality insulation and waterproofing.

Let's take a closer look at each construction option, then it will be easier to decide which garage to build is most profitable for you.

If you compare by price, then cinder blocks are a budget choice. The principle of building from brick or stone is similar, so let’s look at building from blocks step by step.

Available for sale different variants blocks, but it is important to pay attention to their configuration. Solid blocks should be used for the foundation; they can better withstand heavy loads, and hollow blocks should be used for garage walls.

Types of blocks and their characteristics:

• Materials pressed from blast furnace slag with the addition of perlite or polystyrene are the most reliable and durable.
• After construction, shell rock requires mandatory plastering of the walls inside and out, but is famous for its excellent thermal insulation characteristics.
• Foam concrete is convenient and inexpensive, does not require finishing, holds heat well.

The downside of any block material is that it is not resistant to moisture. Even on dry soils, it is imperative to lay a layer of waterproofing on the foundation. At high level groundwater the site is an expensive pleasure - serious waterproofing is needed, it is better to choose other materials.

Foundation structure

A brick garage (one, half a brick) or cinder blocks can be safely laid on reinforced strip foundation medium depth. The width of the tape is 40-45 cm, the depth is 50 cm, no less.

A building made of foam concrete or cinder block must be installed on a low hydro- and thermally insulated base in order to cut off moisture from the soil. Ordinary rolled roofing felt in two layers is perfect for construction.

After the foundation is erected, the base is heat and vapor insulated using special material. Universal option hydro-, heat- and vapor barriers - simple roofing material. For vapor barrier, you can choose a special membrane for foundations.

It is important to remember that it will take 28 to 30 days for concrete to harden, depending on the weather. Therefore, it is better to pour the foundation in early spring, when the soil has thawed, but it is not yet hot. This Better conditions for perfect hardening of concrete and construction of any concrete foundation.

You can fill the foundation in the fall, but here you need to focus on the weather. Cinder blocks can only be installed in dry weather; the material should not be allowed to get wet.

Experts recommend a brick plinth for a garage - it is more reliable and durable. The height of the base, depending on soil moisture, is 10 – 20 cm.

Be sure to provide a blind area 50 cm wide

Construction of walls, screed, roofing

Doing block masonry with your own hands is much easier and faster than brick or stone masonry. If needed warm garage, then we lay out the walls using the poke method in one stone. For the southern regions, half a stone laid using the spoon method is quite sufficient.

Important. We install the gates before we start building the walls. The same rule is observed when laying bricks.

For the north, it is necessary to build a wall of at least two stones, since a wall of one stone freezes at a temperature of -15 and above, serious insulation will be needed, which is not cheap.

To make the wall of the building even, first lay out the corners, and then lay cinder blocks along the cord according to the method brickwork with overlapping seam of the bottom row.

The floor screed can also be poured with M200 cement, it is cheaper, but at least ten centimeters thick.

Brick or stone masonry

We also install walls made of brick or stone on a medium-depth strip foundation with the obligatory arrangement of a plinth. Sequence and nuances:

• A plinth for brick and stone needs to be at least 10 cm high.
• It is important to lay roofing felt waterproofing on top of the base.
• Before building the walls, you need to install the garage door so that it is firmly embedded in the brickwork. The embedded rods are welded at intervals of 30 cm around the perimeter of the gate and embedded in the seams of the brickwork.
• We lay the bricks using the usual method (chain), starting from the corners.
• Mortar for masonry: cement M400, not lower, in the proportions of a bucket of cement to four buckets of sand. It is important that the solution is not liquid; the consistency of thick sour cream is better. For plasticity, you can add half a bucket of clay or milk of lime.
• The height of the wall at the gate is 250 cm, the slope decreases towards the rear wall to a height of two meters.

If you need a wall height of three meters or higher, then the walls need to be reinforced metal mesh. Most reliable option reinforcement - every fifth row of brick laying.

The slope for the roof should be no less than five centimeters per meter of wall masonry. The standard slope is for good water drainage with a wall height difference of 30 centimeters.

Roof

We choose a shed roof based on the budget - slate will cost less, corrugated sheeting will have to be additionally insulated with a layer of plywood or other sheathing material.

Garage floors can be made of wood, but metal beams more reliable and durable. They are embedded into the walls to a depth of 10 cm. For cinder block walls, it is important to reinforce the installation site of the beam with a layer of concrete.

What else is important to pay attention to:

• The pitch of the floor beams is 80 cm with a slope along the level of the walls.
• The projection outside the walls is at least 20 cm.
• The rough filing is made from 40 mm unedged boards with a minimum of cracks.
• Rolled roofing felt is used as waterproofing on boards.
• A layer of insulation over roofing felt - expanded clay, slag, mineral wool. It is undesirable to use polystyrene foam; it has zero air conductivity, which is dangerous for the garage.

All wooden structures must be painted or treated with an antiseptic deep penetration for wood. Building a garage with your own hands will cost 50 percent less than hiring a team of builders, but it will also take twice as long.

Prefabricated metal structures with different cladding

Flaws metal garage- cold and high humidity. Building a garage from ready-made sheets using a frame is quick and convenient. Using a welded metal frame, you can install two wall options:

• Sandwich panels are slabs of two profiled metal sheets with a layer of insulation inside.
• Corrugated sheeting – for walls will do only PS or S markings. Sheet hardness is at least 20. For a light and durable structure you need C-20 corrugated sheeting.

Suitable as a foundation for such a prefabricated structure: concrete blocks solid or concrete slabs. Some craftsmen are sure that slabs are more reliable than poured slabs monolithic foundation, 50 cm deep, simply does not happen.

The frame posts are concreted into the foundation. It is imperative to provide a blind area up to 20 cm wide.

Sheets of corrugated sheets or sandwich panels are installed over the installed and welded frame using screws, rivets or bolts.

Wooden garage

Construction of a garage made of wood is inexpensive and fast. Nowadays, prefabricated structures using frame technology are very popular. Such buildings are lightweight, do not require a serious foundation, and it is possible to insulate the walls.

Main important steps:

• The base can be monolithic, reinforced on a sand or gravel bed with a blind area around the perimeter of 20 cm, or made of cheap material - concrete blocks, 30 cm thick.
• An inexpensive columnar foundation is also suitable for a frame garage.
• Since wood warps from moisture, the main focus is on waterproofing the foundation and plinth. Logs and boards must be treated with water-repellent impregnation and painted.
• Lay a layer of roofing felt waterproofing along the entire perimeter of the foundation and along the plinth.
• We make the corner posts from timber, and the rest of the frame from 50x100 boards, this is quite enough. For the upper joists, a 25x100 board is also suitable, but lower bars you need to take it thicker.
• Bottom trim at intervals of 120 cm.
• Any frame can be mounted finishing material– façade siding or lining..
• A layer of steam and waterproofing between the outer and internal lining– mineral wool in rolls or slabs, vapor barrier film and simple polyethylene.
• The roof can be installed either single-pitch or gable, depending on the chosen construction design.

The inside of the frame can be sheathed with sheets of plywood and painted with paint containing fire retardants. IN wooden garages the gates are installed last so that the building does not collapse under the weight of the metal.

If you are going to buy a car, you will need a garage for it. Such an acquisition is significant for many, so the newly minted owners own remedy they are trying to build movements cheap garage with your own hands. Modern construction technologies make it possible to build it in the shortest possible time, spending a minimum of money.

Material selection

The cheapest solutions for walls will be cinder blocks and foam blocks. The latter are easier to lay, which is why consumers choose cellular concrete more often. If you are thinking about how to build a garage cheaply, then you should pay attention to the foam block, which has little weight, so even one person can handle the work process. For such a garage, a strip foundation made of concrete is suitable; the width of the structure can be approximately 200 mm.

When thinking about the question of how to build a garage cheaply, you must remember that it is better to make the foundation low, which will reduce the cost of construction. Three cubes of concrete will be needed to build a standard garage with dimensions of 3 x 6 m. In this case, the foundation will need to be deepened by 0.9 m. It should be remembered that this parameter is not standard, because the foundation must be located below the soil freezing line.

If you want to build a cheap garage with your own hands, you also need to take care of an inexpensive roof. Traditionally, it is single-pitch with a wooden frame system and slate covering. To reduce the cost as much as possible, it will be enough to install only the sheathing under the slate. It is better to refuse to use ondulin, because it will increase the cost roofing almost twice.

Construction of a garage from aerated concrete

If you are thinking about the question of what to build a garage from, then you can choose aerated concrete. The foundation can be not only lightweight strip, but also monolithic. Experts recommend using it. With its help, it will be possible to distribute the load as evenly as possible, which will reduce sedimentary deformation to a minimum.

If you are pursuing the goal of reducing the cost of construction as much as possible, then it is better to use a strip or combined foundation, which is made of reinforced concrete and columnar monolithic belt. Once the foundation is completed and the concrete has hardened, you can begin to build the walls.

The first row should be carried out on a pre-laid layer, and if you decide to use a monolithic reinforced concrete slab, That aerated concrete blocks laid directly on the surface of the base. This will allow for high-quality waterproofing using roll material. Experts recommend purchasing hydroglass insulation, which is laid on top bitumen mastic.

Walling

If, when deciding on what to build a garage from, you have chosen, then their installation should be carried out with bandaging of the seams. You can use cement mortar or glue as a masonry mixture. The latter option will cost a little more, but working with this mixture is much more convenient and easier. The thickness of the seam can range from 3 to 5 mm, while when using a solution this parameter will be increased to 1 cm.

Every two rows of masonry should be placed reinforcing mesh made of metal, its edges should protrude a few centimeters beyond the walls, which will allow you to control the laying of the reinforcement. When aerated concrete is used, lintel beams are laid above the gate opening. For one machine the opening width will be approximately 3 m, while for two machines a common opening with a width of up to 6 m can be made.

The jumper should be made from two profile corners, the flange of each of which will be 100 mm. The corners should be placed along the edges of the blocks and fixed to each other or to reinforcement in several places. Then the elements need to be coated with a primer. The lintel should be laid on the same mortar that is used when laying aerated concrete blocks. The edge of the beam on both sides should be located on the walls for a length of 200 mm. If you plan to arrange a wider opening, then you will need to calculate the beam, taking into account the bending load.

When building a garage from aerated concrete, you will have to complete the construction of the walls, only then can you proceed to tying them with belts. Their design will depend on the type of roof, ceilings and wall features. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the loads. If it is planned to build a second floor, then it will be necessary to lay reinforced concrete. To construct a roof from wooden trusses, it is necessary to lay a mauerlat, which is a log or wooden beam. It should be secured, and before laying the strapping beam on the walls, you need to lay waterproofing made of bitumen mastic and rolled material.

Addition in the form of a viewing hole

A garage made of aerated concrete may require arrangement inspection hole. To do this, a pit is dug, the dimensions of which will be 1.5 x 0.8 x 1.8 mm. The inner walls of the pit must be lined with bricks and then covered with plaster. To carry out such work, it is necessary to use slag bricks, which have high water resistance.

For plastering it is necessary to use part cement and 4 parts sand diluted with water. On final stage the walls are painted. Along the perimeter you can install a frame welded from profile corners. For concreting the floor, you can use the same solution as for arranging the foundation. The layer thickness will be approximately 70 mm.

Construction of a garage from cinder blocks: construction of the foundation

A cinder block garage can be built on it. It will not only be the cheapest, but also the easiest to implement. To begin with, a trench is dug, and rubble stone is laid in layers at the bottom. The layers should be filled with cement. It is necessary to use a solution of grade M-150 or higher.

For self-cooking Portland cement 400 must be mixed with sand and water. You will need such an amount of liquid to achieve the mobility of the mixture. To install a base along the perimeter of the trench, it is necessary to install wooden formwork. Waterproofing made of two layers of roofing material is laid along the base.

Construction of walls and roof

Having bought building materials cheaply, you can begin building walls. Until this point, gates are installed, which will be strengthened into the masonry as it is erected. When installing cinder blocks, it is necessary to ensure that the seams are bandaged. It is necessary to begin installation of products from the corners, pulling the cord between them.

For the ceiling, 120 mm I-beams should be used. Their length should be 25 cm greater than the width of the room. The elements are placed across the garage in 80 cm increments so that the elements follow the slope long wall. After completing this work, you can begin lining the ceiling. At the bottom there are 40 mm beams, on top of which roofing felt is laid.

On next stage laid slag, semi-rigid mineral slab or expanded clay. When building a cheap garage with your own hands, you must take care that during operation it does not require repairs and additional costs. To do this, when laying the roof, it is necessary to extend it from the back and front by 20 cm. Such canopies prevent the walls from getting wet during rain. A screed is made on top of the roofing felt and slag, the thickness of which should be 20 mm. At the final stage, the roof is protected from moisture with rubemast or aquazol.

Features of building a garage from metal profiles

Garage from profile pipe costs only 30,000 rubles. To assemble the frame you can use welding machine or bolted connections. After completing the assembly of the frame, its surface must be protected with a primer and a layer of paint applied at the final stage.

The finished frame is sheathed with sheets of profiled metal. To protect the frame, you can use special dyes that are suitable even for rusty surfaces. This choice will save not only money, but also time. When applied paint and varnish material is created protective layer which eliminates corrosion.

Construction of a wooden garage

A garage made of planks will be able to support a monolithic foundation, which will also act as a strong floor. After the solution has hardened, the bottom trim should be made of boards, the size of which is 100 x 500 mm.

To erect gates and corner posts, you need to use beams square section with a side of 100 mm. To increase the strength of the frame, it is necessary to install struts in the corners. To build such a garage, building materials will cost you cheap. After completing work on the frame, you can begin building the roof. For this purpose, 100 x 25 mm boards are used, which are sheathed with profiled sheets.

Conclusion

You can build a cheap garage with your own hands by installing wooden gates. Their cost compared to metal ones will be lower, as will their reliability. Without interior decoration the price of the garage can be reduced even further. But if you do the work yourself, you can save on the services of specialists. You can decide which material to prefer by reading the information in the article. Below we will present the technologies for constructing an inexpensive garage.

Where do car enthusiasts hide their iron horses from bad weather? The answer to this question is simple. Of course, to the garage! It’s dry and warm there, and the tools are at hand. But how to build it yourself, with minimal investment and maximum quality - a question of interest to many car owners. This is what a frame garage is for. Its construction does not cause difficulties and does not require excessive financial costs.

Advantages and disadvantages of a frame garage

First of all, it is necessary to note the advantages of a frame garage. The main advantage is its cost. Despite the fact that this construction does not require large financial expenses, good quality and durability are ensured. This is another positive point. In this house the “iron horse” will be dry, cozy, and warm. Moreover, you can make a frame garage with your own hands.

Another undoubted advantage of this structure is that its construction does not require the involvement of additional forces, i.e. specialists. You can handle the construction yourself. And the work won’t take much time.

The only disadvantage of a frame-panel structure is that its main material is wood. And it, as you know, allows both moisture and cold to pass through. That's why frame house For a car you need to be well waterproofed and insulated.

Photo gallery: frame-panel garages

Finished frame garage Frame garage in the process of assembly Frame garage in the process of assembly

Drawing up a detailed project: diagram, drawing, plan

Before starting work, you need to prepare some documents. Without them, construction will be very difficult. These are plans, drawings and explanatory notes. They outline all the calculations and measurements.

By preparing the necessary sketches, you will significantly reduce the time required to build a garage. But not every car enthusiast can boast of the skills of a draftsman and artist. Therefore, in order to thoroughly prepare, you need to either contact a professional or find information in an open source.

DIY frame garage: step-by-step instructions

All work takes place in several stages. Each of them is very important for obtaining a high-quality result, so none of them should be missed.

Selecting a site for construction

This stage must be approached responsibly. Incorrect choice the location of the garage can lead to unpleasant consequences. To do this, you need to take into account several factors:

• when choosing a place, think carefully about the access to it with your car;
• you should not build a garage for a specific car (you need to think in advance how many cars you can fit in the built garage if you wish);
• the site must be carefully prepared: remove all debris and vegetation, level and compact the ground.

How much material is needed

After all the paperwork has been completed, you need to purchase the required materials and tools that will be needed for construction.

And the question immediately arises: which frame is better to choose? Metal or wood. Wooden ones will cost less, and they are also environmentally friendly and easy to process. Metal will be more expensive, but it is more durable. Everything here is individual, at the discretion of the owner.

In addition to the material for the frame, you should also buy a large number of beams for the walls (section 100x100, 100x50 cm). They can be made of linden, aspen or larch.

You will need concrete mortar to pour the foundation. You also need to prepare:

• hammer;
• shovel;
• level;
• gloves;
• formwork (boards for it).

These are the minimum tools to get started.

Photo gallery: metal and wooden frames for the garage

A metal profile garage frame will cost more expensive Material for the frame you need to choose taking into account your own capabilities A garage frame made of wood is lighter and easier to use

Do-it-yourself foundation construction technology

The foundation in this structure must be very strong. There are 3 options to choose from:

1. Columnar (pile) is not very convenient due to the fact that lighter buildings are usually installed on it. This foundation is more suitable for building a bathhouse or gazebo.
2. A monolithic slab will be ideal for constructing a frame garage. When pouring it, do not forget about the mandatory reinforcement and installation of the floor screed. The disadvantage of this option is that the concrete hardens very slowly, which sometimes requires a whole month to wait. And continue further actions Only possible when everything is completely dry.
3. Tape. This type is the most profitable. It is cheaper than a stove, and installation does not take so long.

Step-by-step instructions for constructing a strip foundation

The process occurs in several stages:

When performing the last stage of work, you must follow several rules:

• this must be done simultaneously;
• pierce it with fittings to remove excess air from the mixture, or work the solution with a vibrator specially designed for this purpose;
• cover everything with plastic;
• moisten the surface for several days in a row by pouring water on it;
• polish the plane;
• cover the foundation with roofing felt for waterproofing.

Photo gallery: the process of creating a strip foundation

Foundation construction Formwork and reinforcement The process of pouring a strip foundation with concrete

Floor installation

The area for the future floor should be covered with a thin layer of gravel. Place reinforcing mesh on top and pour concrete. When it hardens, lay down roofing material, lay down the beams and nail the flooring to them. This is how a simple wooden floor is made. But he can be different.

If the foundation was installed on piles, then the floor laying technology does not require backfilling with a layer of gravel. It is enough to simply lay wooden boards, which are then slightly strengthened.

At this stage, you need to think through and make an inspection hole and a cellar, if necessary.

Photo gallery: types of flooring

Bright garage floor PVC boards Garage floor ceramic tiles Self-leveling floor in the garage The concrete floor in the garage does not need to be covered with wooden boards, but simply painted. A simple concrete floor without additional finishing. Wooden floor - a budget option for garage

Construction of a frame made of metal or wood

This structure can be built on a metal or wooden frame. Let's consider both options.

Metal frame made of profile pipe

A metal frame is characterized by high strength: it is resistant to fire and mechanical damage, but is much more expensive than a wooden one. The only thing that needs to work with it is someone who knows how to use it. special tool, for example, with a grinder, welding, drill. In order to make a frame garage from a pipe with your own hands, you will need rolled metal or a bent metal profile for further cladding with standard steel or profiled sheets, respectively.

The lower part of the frame is attached to the foundation with anchors and welding. You can also use self-tapping screws, but such fastening will be less reliable. Next, you should install racks in the corners. Attach the profiles to the bottom of the frame and the anchors with the corners facing outward and weld them. Then you need to collect top part“skeleton” and connect it to the supports. And finally, weld additional vertical posts and horizontal ribs around the perimeter.

It is imperative to take care of the profile above the place where the gate will be, otherwise installing garage doors will become problematic in the future.

The choice of roof is at the discretion of the owner. It can be single-pitched, double-pitched or flat.

The garage frame can also be purchased ready-made. This is much more profitable and the installation will be faster.

Advantages and disadvantages of a wooden frame house for a car

A frame made of beams will cost less than a metal one. It is built using the same method: the lower part, vertical and intermediate posts, the top, etc. are built. But unlike metal frame There is no need to skimp on material here. It is better to buy quality timber.

When working with wood, it is allowed to use self-tapping screws and nails (except for the junction of the foundation and the lower part of the frame, leave anchors here.). The gaps between the racks should be from 30 to 120 centimeters.

Sheathing and insulation

Steel or profiled sheets will be useful for covering a metal frame. They are spot welded to vertical posts, and when all the walls are closed, the joints of the sheets need to be processed by welding.

The second cladding method can be used for both metal and wood structures. Self-tapping screws must be attached to the profile and screwed into the frame; be sure to secure them with washers. The sheets are laid out overlapping from top to bottom to prevent water from getting inside the garage structure.

Izoplaat slabs are perfect for external cladding the buildings. One more good material For exterior finishing There will be OSB boards.

It is imperative to insulate a frame garage, since low temperatures can harm the car. The materials for this will include mineral wool, glass wool, penoplex, expanded polystyrene, reflective thermal insulation and other materials. They come in rolls, tiles and sprayed. Each has its own installation technology and manufacturer’s recommendations.

Photo gallery: insulation options

Glass wool is a budget option for insulation. Expanded polystyrene is characterized by fire resistance
This insulation option will keep you cool in the hot summer.

Video: how to build a garage yourself in just 132 hours

A frame garage is not only one of the cheapest methods of construction, but also the fastest. You will be able to install it yourself, and when you have gatherings with friends, tell them that you did everything from the foundation to the roof yourself. It's truly a worthwhile investment.

In this article, we will go through the steps of building your own garage step by step. It should be noted right away that construction work should begin only after receiving all necessary documents, otherwise you can get into an unpleasant situation.

Self-construction of a building allows you to get significant savings by eliminating the cost of a team of builders, whose services are far from cheap these days. You can invite friends and relatives; there will probably be someone among them who has some construction experience.

Selection of building material

You can choose any materials for building a garage, depending on your capabilities: wooden beams, bricks, foam, gas and cinder blocks are suitable. A “metal” option is also possible, the fastest and cheapest, however, you will need to pay for the services of a welder.

Development of a simplified construction project

A construction project is necessary when constructing a capital building that has a foundation. Don’t even think about ordering a project from professional designers: the cost of the project may exceed the cost of the garage itself. You need to take a piece of paper and draw a small diagram with explanations and indication of the distances along the foundation of the future building and a sketch of the structure, loudly calling it “Garage Project”. Also, do not forget to indicate the north-south location, the distance to the nearest permanent buildings, and the red line of the street. This will be quite enough for controlling government agencies.

If the garage will be used for parking and minor repairs of one car, dimensions of 3 x 5.5 meters can be considered quite sufficient. Please note that the wider the garage, the more comfortable it will be to carry out car repairs. Surely you will want to equip your garage with shelving, various shelves, drawers for storing tools, and various spare parts. You need to choose the height according to your height, adding about half a meter.

An explanatory note must be attached to the project, where you need to indicate:

1. for what purposes the building will be used;
2. material used in construction;
3. foundation depth;
4. what type of roof will it be (single or gable);
5. will there be an inspection hole in the garage;
6. solving issues with electricity and water supply, artificial (lamp) and natural (from the window) lighting, heating (if any).

IN explanatory note It is also necessary to describe how the issues of collection and disposal of waste, including construction waste, will be resolved; without this point, your project will not work.

Layout (reference) of the project on the ground

We drive a peg into one outside corner future foundation, then using a measuring tape we determine the locations of other corners. Using a compass, we check the approximate orientation of the building and its compliance with the design. We check symmetry: the diagonal distance should be the same. We drive and check the internal foundation pegs. We stretch the string over the pegs and drive in additional stakes if necessary.

Excavation

The width of the foundation should be 40-45 cm. The depth of the foundation is 60-120 cm and directly depends on the degree of soil freezing in winter (can be checked with the municipality's land committee). The greater the depth of freezing, the deeper the foundation should be. We dig a trench for the foundation. The bottom of the trench must be at the level of the waterproof soil layer (clay). Try to make the walls of the trench vertical and even.

Construction of the foundation

Options are possible here, but the most optimal are the use of rubble stone, large crushed stone, ready-made concrete blocks (or pieces thereof), the space between which is filled with cement mortar; fillers can be used in combination. This results in savings due to a reduction in the amount of cement.

It is advisable to lay iron reinforcement “overlapping” at the bottom of the trench (you can use an iron bar, unnecessary rusty pipes, any metallic profile). Then we lay a row of rubble stone (you can also use fragments white brick, pieces concrete structures), we shed a row of masonry cement mortar. We repeat the operation until the trench is completely filled. Approximately in the middle of the height of the foundation, you can lay another row of reinforcement.

Cement should be grade 400 or higher (Portland). The components of the solution can be mixed either manually, using a suitable container, bayonet and shovel shovels, or you can use various ones, which will greatly facilitate your work. To prepare the solution, use 1 part cement to 2.5 parts construction (fine-grained) sand. First, they should be mixed together, then gradually add water, stirring the mixture. The amount of water is approximately equal to the amount of cement. We achieve a uniform consistency of “homemade thick sour cream.”

After filling the trench along the perimeter of the foundation, we make formwork from thin boards about 10-15 cm high, eliminating “holes” in the formwork. We pour it in and wait for it to “set” a little. We check the horizon of the base (the horizontality of the upper edge of the foundation) with a level. If the horizon is uneven, then level it with a solution. To distribute the top layer of the solution more evenly, make it a little thinner. After the waterproofing solution has hardened (preventing the walls from drawing in moisture from the ground), we lay 2 layers of roofing felt along the base.

Garage door installation

We install a pre-welded metal gate frame with door awnings. On each side of the box, at the top and bottom, 4 rods (embedded parts) about 15-20 cm long should be welded; they will be embedded in the seams of the masonry. We check that the gate is installed horizontally and, if necessary, place iron plates under the corners of the frame. We paint the box in desired color in 2 layers. Installed gates We support it on each side with braces.

Construction of the walls of the future garage

We build walls chain laying(the seam of the previous row is covered with the top brick or block). You need to start from the corners. Stretch a cord from corner to corner and lay out the middle of the wall. Then the process is repeated. Every 1-2 rows, be sure to check the verticality of the corners using a level or a homemade plumb line (any weight is tied to a rope - a weight, a nut, etc.).

If the corner begins to “move”, we align it with the next row. Horizontal level is checked building level, is leveled by the thickness of the solution. If a window is provided, do not forget to leave a corresponding opening (span). We place a wide one on the upper edge of the span metal corner and continue laying. You can immediately insert window unit and secure it in the wall with embedded parts in the same way as a gate.

As embedded parts, you can use regular long nails driven from the inside. In order for the walls to hold better and not crack in the future, you need to lay a reinforcing mesh for every 4-5 rows. Finished walls must form the necessary slope for subsequent installation of the roof. If you plan to install a ceiling, do not forget to install the floor beams into the wall in time.

When laying at height use scaffolding. At pitched roof The height of the front wall is usually about 2.5 meters, the back one is about 2 meters. To prepare the binder solution, use a mixture of 1 part of cement grade no lower than 400 (Portland) and 4.5 parts construction sand. To impart plasticity to building mixture Clay is added (option: lime dough).

Ceiling and roof

You can use a wide metal corner or I-beams, which are embedded inside the walls when they are erected to a depth of about 10 cm, the laying step is about 1 meter. As an option, you can use wooden wall beams or a carriage. The ceiling is sewn up with boards (35-40 mm), boards can be sewn up both from below and from above the beams (corner). If the garage is warm, then roofing material is spread on top of the boards, on which it is poured, then the insulation (slag, expanded clay, earth, clay) is leveled. The thickness of the insulation is about 15-20 cm.

The roof can be made in any way roofing material(roofing sheets, ), which is attached to wooden boards 40 mm thick with self-tapping screws or slate nails along the top wave.

Inspection hole, floor, blind area.

It is better to choose the depth of the inspection hole so that you can stand in full height without bending or straining your back. The walls of the inspection pit should be lined with ordinary red brick to prevent crumbling. If possible, equip a convenient gangway for descent (wooden ladder).

It can be either concrete or wooden (carriage).

1. Concrete floor: Level the ground, pour a layer of crushed stone (sand), pour concrete screed about 10-15 cm thick. Composition concrete mixture: 1 part cement, 2 parts construction sand, 3 parts fine crushed stone. The poured mixture is leveled, trying to avoid depressions and bumps.
2. Wooden floor from a carriage: we level the earthen covering, lay 4 wooden beams (scaffolding) along the length of the garage - two at the walls and two in the middle at an equal distance, level and lay a fire monitor across.

For drainage of rain and melt water Outside the walls of the garage, a blind area about 0.5 meters wide is arranged. The earthen base is leveled with a slight slope, a layer of crushed stone or sand is poured and filled with a concrete screed about 5 cm thick.

Conclusion

Undoubtedly, building a garage on your own is far from an easy task, especially if you lack basic construction skills, but with enough free time and smart helpers, this task is quite doable. The stimulating factors here include significant cost savings and, no matter how trivial it may sound, a feeling of satisfaction from the visible results of one’s own labor, which will certainly arise during the construction process.

When starting to build a garage, most people wonder: how to do it with minimal costs funds and time? If you are also interested in this question, we suggest that you read the presented article, in which we will consider in detail the process of constructing an inexpensive garage in a short time.

How to reduce the cost of a building - frame technology or lightweight concrete

Garage from traditional materials, for example, made of brick will be expensive, and the process of its construction is slow. Therefore, in order to solve the problem, one should resort to modern technologies and cheap building materials. As for budget technologies, the undisputed leader is frame construction. Its principle is based on the construction of a frame made of timber, which is sheathed sheet material.

You can build such a garage very quickly, and it will be quite durable and capable of reliably protecting the car from various negative impacts environment. And if you insulate it and provide heating, then in such a garage you can comfortably service your car even in winter time. The only negative is that its base is wooden, so the durability of the structure is somewhat limited, especially if it is not taken care of.

If you do not want to build a frame garage, you can take the second route - use cheap wall materials, such as:

• blocks of lightweight concrete(aerated concrete, foam concrete or polystyrene concrete);
• cinder blocks;
• expanded clay concrete blocks, etc.

The technology for building with these blocks is almost the same as building with bricks. But due to the fact that one block is equal in size to several bricks, the speed of masonry increases several times. Such blocks are inexpensive in comparison with the same brick, since they are hollow and, moreover, are made from cheap materials.

Please note that a garage made of porous concrete blocks requires exterior finishing, since this material absorbs moisture well. If the walls are not finished, the service life of the building will be greatly reduced.

As an example, let's look at how to cheaply build a frame garage, since its technology is fundamentally different from the construction of a brick or block design.

We create a project - all the nuances must be on paper

Before we start building a garage with our own hands, let's prepare a project. First of all, we need to decide on the size of the future building. Since our task is to build budget garage, optimal sizes 4x6 m. They will be quite enough for almost any car. Of course, if necessary, you can adjust the sizes to suit you.

Then we draw up a drawing of the frame. Its basis is the racks, which we will install in the corners, as well as along the walls in increments of 60 cm. We will tie the racks at the bottom and top with strapping. To give the structure rigidity, we will strengthen the racks with spacers and jumpers. To reduce the cost of construction, we will make the roof pitched. To do this, one wall must be higher than the opposite one. It is best to make a high wall on the entrance side so that water from the roof drains behind the garage. You can even draw the frame by hand, the main thing is to remember to indicate the dimensions of all parts in millimeters.

Another point that we need to decide on at the design stage is the foundation. If the soil is unstable, for example, swampy, we make a slab foundation. In almost all other cases optimal solution is a strip shallow foundation, which is associated with the minimum weight of the structure.

Preparing the base - making the garage stable

Regardless of what the foundation will be, we first prepare the site: apply markings and remove the top plant layer of soil. If the foundation is strip, we dig trenches about half a meter deep along the perimeter. If the foundation is slab, we deepen the entire platform by about 40 cm. We fill the bottom of the trenches or platform with sand to a depth of 20 cm and compact it thoroughly.

Please note that it will take about a month to arrange the foundation, if you pour it yourself, since concrete gains strength within 28 days. To speed up the process, you can use ready-made foundation slabs or blocks. But in this case, financial costs will increase. Therefore, you must decide for yourself: what is more important to you – cost or speed of construction.

To make the foundation completely yourself, we install formwork from boards, moisture-resistant plywood or OSB. An important element The foundation is a reinforcing frame. For a strip foundation, we make a frame from reinforcement in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped. The diameter of the reinforcement should be 0.8 mm. For slab foundation The frame is made of mesh with a cell of 200x200 mm and a reinforcement diameter of 0.8 mm. We lay the mesh in two layers at a distance of about 150 mm.

We fill the formwork with M200 concrete, compact it and level it. 28 days after pouring, we lay a couple of layers of roofing felt or other bitumen waterproofing material on top of the foundation (between the walls and the base).

If you decide to make a strip foundation from ready-made blocks, we simply lay them in prepared trenches and fasten them together with cement mortar. It fits in exactly the same way slab base from ready-made slabs. The only thing is that you will need lifting equipment to complete this work.

Construction of the box - assembling the “skeleton” and sheathing it

Now that the base is ready, you need to make the frame. We begin the work by laying the bottom trim around the perimeter of the foundation. To do this, we use a beam with a cross-section of 100x100 mm and fix it to the concrete using anchors. We connect the beams together in the corners “in half a tree” and fasten them with screws and corners.

Next, we install 100x100 mm racks at the corners of the building and align them vertically. To attach the racks to the bottom frame, we use screws and steel angles. Additionally, we strengthen the racks with struts, which can be made from boards 20-30 mm thick. We immediately tie all the corner posts on top with 100x50 mm timber strapping. After this, we install the racks along the walls in increments of 600 mm. Wall studs can be made from boards at least 30 mm thick and 100 mm wide. We fix and strengthen them in the same way as the corner posts.

Then, on the entrance side, we install 100x100 mm posts to which the gate will be attached, and connect them together with a beam of the same section. As a result, an opening will be formed. To strengthen it, you can install a metal frame made of angle or channel around the perimeter.

Before you begin assembling the frame, treat all boards and beams with fire-bioprotective impregnation, which will increase the durability of the structure.

Next we make the roof frame. To do this, we place it on the Mauerlat ( top harness frame) rafters made of boards 30x100 mm. Because pitched roof will be subject to a heavy snow load, the step between the rafters is no more than 40 mm. To secure the rafters more reliably, we make cuts in the mauerlat along the thickness of the rafters. We nail a board 100 mm wide to the ends of the rafters along the perimeter.

Now that the frame is ready, you can immediately sheathe the walls. To make the building warm, we fill the space of the frame mineral wool in slabs. This insulation is cheaper than many others thermal insulation materials, but at the same time durable, fireproof and, most importantly, has low thermal conductivity.

We cover the walls from the room side vapor barrier film. To make the vapor barrier airtight, we overlap the joints of the film sheets and seal them with double-sided adhesive tape. WITH outside We cover the walls in the same way with a wind-moisture-proof membrane and properly seal the joints.

To ensure that there is a ventilation gap between the sheathing and the films, we attach a sheathing made of wooden slats thickness of at least 20 mm. To fasten the slats we use ordinary screws. To save money, we will not pre-sheath the external walls. OSB boards oh, we’ll install the siding right away. The only thing is that it is advisable to use durable metal siding.

To fasten the siding along the perimeter of the walls, we attach the starting strip with screws from below, and also install corner profiles at all corners. Then we simply tuck the siding panels into the corner profiles and fasten them to the sheathing with screws. WITH inside the garage can be sheathed with any sheet material such as plywood or OSB. You can secure the sheathing to the sheathing with nails or screws.

At OSB installation boards or plywood, do not forget to provide expansion joints with a thickness of about 5 mm. These seams should be filled with sealant.

Laying the roof - making the room dry and warm

Now let's start installing the roof. Since the rafters are already there, all that remains is to lay them roofing pie. We begin work by attaching the vapor barrier and sheathing on the inside of the garage. The sheathing slats must be placed across the rafters. We lay insulation on the outside between the rafters.

Then we lay super-diffuse on the rafters. waterproofing membrane. As on the walls, on the roof the membrane is additionally fixed with slats, which serve as a counter-lattice. On top of the counter-lattice we lay boards 25-30 mm thick perpendicular to the rafters in increments of about 30 cm.

Now you need to lay the roofing. An excellent solution for our construction is corrugated sheeting - it is an inexpensive and durable material. We lay the corrugated sheets with longitudinal and transverse overlaps and fasten them to the sheathing with screws. We place the fasteners across the wave in a checkerboard pattern. You can use another roofing option, for example, slate, which is also inexpensive. The principle of its installation is similar to laying corrugated sheets, only we use slate nails instead of screws.

At this point, the garage is almost ready, now all that remains is to install the gate. To save money, you can find suitable used metal gates from an ad. If not slab, we finish the work by making a floor. For these purposes, you can lay paving slabs or pour a concrete screed.

This completes the work. If all steps are performed correctly, the resulting garage will not only be strong and durable, but also warm. At the same time, its cost will be several times lower than a traditional brick garage.