DIY timber decor. Wood crafts for the garden (45 photos): ideas

The completeness of the landscape design at the dacha is given not only by the built residential building or barbecue area. True individuality and originality can only be created with the help of various accessories and small details. And what could be better than crafts for a dacha made of wood - hand-made gizmos will add an indescribable flavor and will undoubtedly attract the attention of guests.

Using wood in a summer cottage

Currently, hardware stores offer a choice of a huge number of different ready-made sculptures and other elements for the garden, made from various materials.

But it’s better not to be lazy and make country crafts with your own hands - making them from wood, unlike stone or metal, is not so difficult, and the resulting result will exceed your wildest expectations.

Craft ideas

Let's focus on interesting and easy-to-implement designs:

  1. The most common option is wood sculptures. This could be a figure made from solid log or composed of several parts connected to each other in one way or another.
  2. Crafts made from branches and stumps that resemble animals, birds or fairy-tale characters look good. In this case, you practically do not need to make changes to their natural shape; just clean the material from the bark and varnish it.
  1. Plywood is good for creativity. Draw a stork, a windmill or a frog princess on a sheet of paper, cut off the excess parts and paint the product.

  1. Plywood can also be used to make excellent containers for plants and birdhouses.. Another beautiful one useful thing- feeder.

Logs as a material for creativity

Very often when registering summer cottage one or more trees need to be cut down. Of course, they are perfect as firewood, but it’s better to show your imagination and use them for crafts made from logs for your dacha: you can easily make a flowerbed, bench or decorative well with your own hands.

Let's look at these options in more detail.

  1. Flower bed. For most summer residents, made from various available materials: gypsum, empty glass bottles, old car tires and so on. But it is the old log that is suitable for this purpose like nothing else.

For manufacturing you need a hammer with a chisel or a chainsaw. By making a recess of the appropriate size and placing the log on supports, you can learn an unusual and attractive product absolutely free of charge. All that remains is to fill the hole with soil and plant flowers.

  1. Garden furniture. An excellent solution, but not so easy to implement. First of all, you need to select a log that is sufficient large diameter.
    Then carefully process it with various tools:
    • the first stage is an ax or chainsaw;
    • second stage – chisel and hammer;
    • the third stage is grinding and applying a protective coating.

  1. Decorative well. A very beautiful accessory for a summer cottage. Its disadvantage is that it is not suitable for manufacturing old wood. You need to purchase high-quality round timber and build a log house from it.

Self-production

Simple options

Even a novice summer resident who does not have too much experience in working with carpentry tools can make wooden crafts for the dacha with his own hands. Naturally, you need to start with more simple options, and then you can move on to monumental products that will become the central element of the landscape design of your dacha.

The manufacturing instructions below give only general direction. Otherwise, you should rely only on your own taste and sense of style. Don't be afraid to experiment.

Perhaps in the future your wooden sculpture will be a role model.

  1. The simplest option is plywood garden crafts. On a sheet of suitable size, you can draw out individual parts of a pony, donkey or goblin, cut them out and tie them together using strong twine.

  1. Another idea - small branches fruit trees. They are suitable for making wall or floor planters. In this way you can make pots for house plants with your own hands. In this case, it is advisable to cover the interior space plastic film to avoid soil spillage or insert plastic containers there.

  1. Having gained experience in working with a manual or electric jigsaw, you can begin making more complex crafts. Carefully transfer your chosen design onto the plywood and carefully cut it out. The finished wooden sculpture is sanded with sandpaper, cleared of sawdust and coated with varnish or paint to protect it from adverse environmental conditions.
  2. There are other DIY plywood crafts: for your dacha you can make not only garden sculptures, but also figures that look organic in the garden. For example, plywood bunnies will be an unexpected detail decorating a carrot bed. The procedure for making them is simple: draw an outline and cut out the shape using a jigsaw.

Advice!
On out-of-town land plots Sometimes there are power outages or power outages.
In this case, only renting a diesel generator for a summer house can help out.
This device will provide power to all power tools and other equipment.

Complex designs

For those for whom DIY country wood crafts have already become a kind of hobby, we can offer more complex options– make a mill or wooden well. Here, in addition to your desire, an accurate mathematical calculation is necessary, otherwise the cut out parts will be impossible to fit together.

You can also offer a simpler option:

  1. We saw planks of the same length, which will be the basis for the mill (you can use small blocks of suitable cross-section).
  2. We take two sticks and place them parallel to each other at a distance slightly less than the length of the element itself.
  3. The next two elements are placed on the laid planks (perpendicularly) (the whole process is somewhat reminiscent of building a log house only on a smaller scale). You can fasten the parts to each other using nails or glue.
  4. Having constructed a structure of the required height, we begin to build the roof. To do this, take four small blocks and connect them in pairs to form a ridge. Pieces of ondulin left over from the construction of the house can be used on the roof. Then the design will fit as much as possible into landscape design plot.
  5. The material for the blades will be two or three planks, fixed at an angle like an aircraft propeller.
  6. You can decorate the structure with a decorative climbing plant that will entwine one of the walls.

The well is made in a similar way. In this case, you can complement the composition with a miniature bucket and a bench. By fencing all this off, you will get a beautiful and unusual playground for children.

Note!
If wooden crafts are intended for children, take care of safety.
All sculptures and buildings should be free of sharp corners, protruding nails and rough splintered surfaces.

Do not forget that the wood must be treated with antiseptic compounds, varnished or painted. This will extend its service life and make the crafts more attractive.

Conclusion

The information above will help you create your own, unique wood crafts that will become the highlight of your summer cottage. You can learn more about this from the video in this article.

















Probably everyone wants their home to be cozy and comfortable. The best way to achieve this is to use decor when arranging it. Wooden elements for these purposes will be the best choice.

Decorative wood details

The tree has the following advantages:

  • It lends itself well to processing.
  • Can take various forms.
  • Looks great in different colors.
  • Has a calming effect.
  • Keeps you warm.
  • It is safe from an environmental point of view.

Furnishings, rich wooden decor, looks much more comfortable than the one where plastic or metal reigns. Wooden accessories can be used in most styles, be it classic style, modern or minimalism. It all depends on the method of presenting such decor, which can have both a strict and avant-garde look.

Today it is quite popular to use different wooden letters in the design of premises. They can be collected into individual words and even into entire sentences. This decor is used to decorate mantels or walls of the living room, bedroom, kitchen, and hallway.


Wooden letters are appropriate in interiors designed in styles such as vintage, Provence, country, shabby chic, and eclecticism. Letter decor can be bought in a specialized store or ordered from a workshop. In addition, you can purchase sanded blanks and make an original decoration from them yourself.

Warmth and comfort will be added to the atmosphere by different wooden vases and vases. Carved masks, unusual figurines and wooden bowls will add ethnic notes to the interior. As can be seen from the photographs of such wooden decor, it looks decent in rooms of various design solutions.

A variety of different types can be made from wood. new Year decoration. They are coated with special paint compounds, which makes them safe for children's health. In addition, they are much more durable than analogs made from other materials.

Even ordinary ones cutting boards can be turned into original kitchen decor, if you apply a suitable image to their surface.

Wood opens up wide horizons for flights of fancy. Whatever you do, you transfer a piece of your soul to the tree. Make every effort to create something interesting and extraordinary from industrially manufactured blanks. Similar decorative ornaments will not be expensive, but they will reflect your ideological ideals.


Wooden decor as an environmentally friendly interior decoration

Furnishings using wood decor are quite popular these days. For this we have to thank the ecological style that is fashionable today.

The main feature of this direction in design is the use of parts of wood removed for natural reasons to create interior decorative elements. These can be dry branches or old stumps. Such decorations carry a special charm.

The wood cuts for decorative details reflect history and can be used to determine how old it was. They are used to make a variety of accessories - coasters for cups and teapots, key holders, candlesticks and even paintings.

Each one is like this wooden product evokes memories of a forest edge illuminated by the hot rays of the summer sun. In addition, today one of the newfangled trends in the field of interior design is the finishing of walls, ceilings and floors with thin saw cuts.


Original design solution is glass table, the base of which is made of wicker. It is quite possible to create such decor from wood with your own hands. This thing will look very beautiful and unusual. It will fit perfectly into an eco- or eclectic interior and will undoubtedly become its highlight.

One of the options for decorating from tree branches is a rocking chair. It is perfect for a country house furnished in a country style. Such furniture retains the imprint of time and helps create an unsurpassed atmosphere of home comfort.

From large branches you can make ceiling beams that will be appropriate in such design trends as rustic, Provence, and rustic style.

Small branches can be used to create hangers, shelves, and coat hooks. Such products will definitely not go unnoticed.

Thick branches make it possible to make excellent railings. They can also be used as decoration for cabinets, shelves, chests of drawers, and mirrors.

Chandeliers using wooden parts. You can easily make them yourself.

Various stumps and logs can take their rightful place in the decor of your home. They can be an excellent alternative to tables, armchairs, chairs, poufs, and they can make excellent benches. This decor will be appropriate not only indoors, but also in the garden or on the open terrace.

Carved wooden decorative details will perfectly decorate your home. Carved wood decor is always unusual and elegant. Its use is a sign of wealth and good taste. It also helps create a cozy and comfortable environment.


Accessories made from wood will be the finishing touch to any interior. Stencils for such decor are easy to find on the Internet. Made with your own hands, such decorations will become a source of pride in front of your guests and friends. Good luck!

Photo of wood decor

Everyone strives to decorate own house, make it unique, unique. In our age of everything artificial, we are increasingly drawn to natural things taken from nature, in particular, to such ancient things that have been proven over the years environmentally friendly material like wood.

After gardening work“waste” is often left on a summer cottage - branches, logs from cut down bushes and tree trunks. They are often simply burned or thrown away.

If you act like a business owner, then such seemingly unnecessary, useless garbage can be used to decorate your home, if you first modify it a little - process it.

Today's topic is wood cuts in the interior, as well as all kinds of home decor ideas. The topic is extensive, let's try to cover some aspects.

If you are interested in something specific, you can follow the links directly. Here's a brief summary of what we'll be talking about:

Here is some selection on the topic, partly these are my own “finds”, many of the ideas are not new, I just wanted to collect everything in one place.

To work on changing or decorating the interior, you can use both small and larger diameters, both treated with stain and regular cuts. They can be used to cover either the entire wall or only part of it.

In my opinion, it doesn’t make sense to do all the walls this way at once, it will be too much. As a rule, transverse (they are also called end) sections of wood are placed on glue. But other options are also possible.

Wall made of wood slices

The main rule in creating a design is not to overdo it. As you can see, you can decorate a room by finishing part or all of it with our natural decorative material, as well as strengthening it scatteredly in some places according to a certain pattern, or vice versa, chaotically. All methods have their place, we are not limited by anything except our own imagination.

In the interior of the snow-white kitchen in the bottom photo we see only a vertical strip of the wall, decorated with circles. It is an extension of the housewife's workplace. Sometimes a small accent or addition is enough to make the whole interior sparkle with different colors.

Finishing kitchen wall cross cut


A very unusual way to decorate a wall with wooden circles. Similar to the floor, made of the same material. The site already has materials on making such floors, it looks incredibly interesting, unusual, immediately catches your eye, and surprises. So, anyone interested in the global transformation of their own home is welcome, follow the link. There are many examples there, there is something to look at.

The next wall looks monumental. If small crafts can be done with your own hands, then for a global change you need skill and solid experience. If you don’t have them, then in my opinion it’s better to entrust the work to professionals.

Nowadays it is not a problem to find a company or a craftsman who will do all the work for you quickly, efficiently and reliably.

Although if you want to try your hand at it, you can start with some renovations at the dacha. :)

DIY furniture made from wood cuts

IN Lately More and more often I see such large products made from end sections of wood as pieces of furniture - chairs, tables, bedside tables.

A good option for a table is one where one huge cut is used as a tabletop. If the cut smaller in size, then it will be enough for a small table for a flower. The third example of a table made from saw cuts is a round mosaic consisting of many small circles.

Cut wood tables

I spotted this small bedside table in a super expensive store. modern goods original design. This is not mass production, exclusive items, in a single copy, which is why the price here is off the charts.

This is what the larger table wall decoration looks like. Even a child and his dad can make this by taking some old unnecessary piece of furniture from a flea market.

What can be made from wood cuts - creative ideas

There are a lot of decorative ideas made from sawn wooden circles. Sections can be either with or without the bark. Something interesting can be built even from just one large “round piece”. The watch, even without any numbers, looks more than modern.

Clock - wooden cut in the kitchen interior

Mosaic stands for hot dishes will decorate any table. Below are two options, choose which one is most interesting to you. The first one - on plywood or simply wooden base saw cuts of various sizes and shapes are glued in the form of a circle; both large and very small ones are used. Remains (excess) are cut off.

The second method is to take one large cut of bark (for greater decorativeness), cut out the inside in the form of a circle of smaller diameter, which is filled with smaller sawed circles.

Decorative coasters for hot items on the table

Saw cuts as a stand

Small designer shelves are also made from saw cuts cut into halves. As a decor for a vase with a flower, this is quite a solution.

Kitchen shelves

An unconventional solution is a panel with uneven cuts of wood, that is, only one side is processed, the one adjacent to the wall, the other is left in its original state, created by nature itself.

Panel in the hallway made from raw sections

About small vases wooden circles I already told you in another post. The shape of the product itself can be either round and intricate, or completely trivial, as in the photo below. You can learn how to create such beauty by following the link.

Decorative vases for interior made of wood

You may be interested in:

Look at a selection of unique wooden furniture, in particular, mainly tables, which some craftsmen make on their own, with their own hands. This takes into account natural features wood, roots and branches are used, the shapes are more than unusual, bizarre - that’s what makes them interesting. Such items will wonderfully complement the interior of your home. The link is large selection different options, there, in addition to those in the photo, there are also several examples of tabletops for tables with wood cuts.

Using this technology, you can make amazingly interesting products with your own hands that will serve as both toys and interior decoration items. The idea is extremely original. I remember that the boys once learned to saw out in labor lessons. These skills will come in handy for you. You just need an electric jigsaw. :)

Decorative wall panels for the interior from lotus leaves

Incredibly beautiful warm colors, with a noble sheen of gold, these modular works of human hands are made of natural materials. I think that if these don’t grow in your nearby pond, then you will find a way out - in every climate there are plants with large or medium-sized leaves of an original shape.

Things made with your own hands are distinguished by their beauty and decorativeness. They add a piece of warmth and comfort to the interior space. Wooden crafts for home and garden have an aesthetic appearance and allow you to reveal your inner potential. They help to decorate a residential interior and add a unique twist to your home. personal plot.

Both adults and children can make such products. Modern drawings of wooden crafts will help you cope with the task. Good imagination and a little patience will allow you to get the desired result.

Original wood decor ideas

Since ancient times, natural solid wood has been widely used as a finishing material. Beautiful texture and unusual coloring amaze the human imagination. Wood produces luxurious furniture and decorative items.

For creating unusual crafts. you can’t do without plywood, plywood, on the website https://faneramonolit.ru/katalog-fanery/fanera-1520-h-1520/ you can choose the size and place an order.

DIY wood crafts add a bit of warmth and simplicity to the environment. For example, beautiful photo frame with carved patterns will be a wonderful decoration in the reception area for guests and loved ones. For this, you can use different types of tree crops. Special stains and impregnations will help add color and emphasize texture.

For a summer cottage original solution there will be animal figures. To do this you will need flat wooden elements. For example, thin saw cuts are used to create an owl.


The design consists of five main parts: head, torso and eyes, wings and tail. The head and body are made from round saw cuts. For the wings you will need bark or vines, previously fixed together.

Crafts made from wood cuts will become a real decoration for your personal plot. Thin pieces of wood are used to make multi-tiered racks and shelves, on which they will later be located. flower arrangements. The surface of the array can be treated with sandpaper or left in its original form.

Wooden cuts are widely used as a base on which various decorative items are subsequently placed. For example, crafts in the form of a painting. There will be flat pebbles in the foreground. They will help imitate the torso and head of little people.

You can make it from gift paper beautiful clothes. We draw other small elements using a thin marker.


Natural landscapes are made using the same technique. Marble or granite chips will help add luxury. Fine amber can be used for these purposes. Helps you record your results paintwork. The photo of wooden crafts shows exclusive options scenery. They will add elegance to the environment.

Master class on creating a three-dimensional wooden applique

The wooden applique is striking in its beauty. Modern technologies allow you to create a complex pattern made of thin wood. We present to your attention detailed master class on creating appliques from natural solid wood.

Before starting the work process, you need to prepare the following tools and materials:

  • thin wood;
  • a simple pencil;
  • an image based on which we will create an application;
  • paper;
  • thin plywood;
  • wood glue;
  • impregnation. It will be needed to add color to the future craft.


The work process is divided into several stages:

  • Draw a future sketch on a piece of paper. We sign and number the weight of the part.
  • Next, we cut the entire drawing into separate parts;
  • Carefully cut off sharp corners.
  • We sand each part with sandpaper.
  • After the surface is prepared, each element of the application begins to be tinted. To do this, you need a thin brush and a water-based stain.
  • When all the parts have dried, you can begin making the wooden panel.
  • We cover each element with glue.
  • After this, we fix them on a sheet of plywood.
  • When all the elements are in place, we leave our panel until completely dry.
  • You can create a clear outline using a thin marker.

As you can see create beautiful thing simple enough. The main thing in this matter is to show a little imagination and perseverance.

Even more instructions on how to make crafts can be found on our friends’ website.


Photos of wood crafts

Few will deny the truth that talking about wood in the interior is akin to talking about snow in Antarctica, or rocks in the Himalayas. The topic is also vast and inexhaustible. However, despite all its limitlessness, it is possible to deduce certain rules and patterns that will help to use this material in the interior of a home as efficiently and effectively as possible.

Wood in the interior: history of the issue

From time immemorial, wood has been used by people for construction, as well as internal and exterior finishing of your home. More universal material It is difficult to come up with for these purposes.

Strength, ease of processing, beauty of texture, durability (especially hardwood) are the most important qualities of wood. But its even greater value is the creation of a feeling of comfort, an atmosphere of soft warmth and tenderness, and spiritual peace.


Wood in the interior

Wooden products can fit into any interior. No one architectural style, not a single design school is able to refuse this material.


Traditional use

Usually, the windows, doors, floors and windows in the room were exclusively made of wood. Now, due to the emergence large number new construction, finishing and decorative materials, the wood in the interior has lost its position a little.


The main reason for this is purely financial, however, I doubt that a person with a developed sense of taste and style would prefer high-quality metal-plastic windows to high-quality wooden ones. Moreover, if the former imitate the latter.


The same problem applies to genders. Plastic coverings in this moment are not considered. If the owner of the house or apartment has sufficient financial resources, then in case of installation of glass, or ceramic floors(if this does not apply to the kitchen and bathroom), he will have to worry about heating these floors from below, which is a very expensive thing.


Otherwise, the floors should be covered with carpets, skins of exotic animals, mats, or any other materials that protect the feet from glass not heated by the sun, since the glaze ceramic tiles is nothing more than glass.


Wood in the interior: decorating a wall with wood

This is where the floor comes from natural wood demonstrates its advantage - it does not need any heating.

Furniture

As a rule, in modern apartments Furniture plays a huge role in shaping the style of the interior space of a home. Moreover, if it is a good one, quality furniture from valuable species tree.


It is the furniture - all these cabinets, chests of drawers, tables, chairs, sofas and armchairs, especially if they are designed in the same style - that will shape the character of the rest of the decor.


The direct opposite of this is the subordination of all components of the interior to the designer’s single plan. In this case, the furniture decorative elements, general color scheme– all this becomes the embodiment of a single concept. You can safely play here color combinations, textures of space.


Modern furniture can be surprisingly varied. It is made from such cheap species as pine or alder (for example, country style), up to such valuable ones as oak, golden ash, mahogany.


The color palette is also impressive - from white golden ash wood to black ebony. The surface texture can be changed from rough-processed, almost rough, to polished, almost mirror-like.


Beams

Wood in interiors looks extremely impressive in the form ceiling beams. Depending on their shape, size and location, they can significantly influence the creation of a unique visual rhythm, along with a certain spatial division of the room.


Wood in the interior: using wood in a rustic living room

A lot depends on the color of the beams. Thick beams, widely spaced from each other, can be dark, almost black, the color of bog oak.


In contrast to the white ceiling and, preferably, white walls, this will create the feeling of a solid ancient building with rich history. In contrast, beams that are not too thick, the color of birch or beech, can be placed more tightly.


In cottages, country houses and hunting lodges, beams can no longer be imitation, but full-fledged elements load-bearing structure, along with wooden columns and rafters. Here we have the classic unity of artistic expression and functionality.


Wood wallpapermodern finishing walls

Spili

Potentially extremely rich artistic element is the end cut of a round timber. These dies of different diameters, mounted on a wall or partition, create a magnificent decorative effect.


The saw cuts well imitate a woodpile, which is perfect, or a living room with a fireplace. In this case, in addition to round ones, it is advisable to also use semicircular and quarter dies. This will tighten the fit of the cuts to each other, reduce voids and give an even greater resemblance to a woodpile.


A separate category are cuts of large diameter trunks. As a rule, they are used in the manufacture of countertops and wall panels of non-standard type. Very thick wood can also be used as tabletops. unedged board.


Wooden sliding door from cut wood

A stump can be considered a special case of sawing. It can also be used as a stand under a tabletop, preferably a glass one, so that all the smoothness and whimsicality of the lines of a tree trunk can be seen, and also as a coffee table itself, or bedside table, if the diameter allows.


Wall decoration

Using wood, the walls of a room can be decorated in many ways. End cuts have already been discussed above.


We can add to this that dies can be made from edged timber square, or rectangular section various thicknesses. Panels assembled from such cuts are perfectly perceived visually.


This can be a vertical insert from floor to ceiling, a diagonal, wavy strip. You can use these dies to create a stylized wood pattern covering the entire wall. The options can be listed for a very long time. The main thing is to find an option for a particular, specific case.


The walls are also decorated using slats of various thicknesses. You can use boards. Tongue and grooved, connected along the length, form a continuous, flat surface. They can be used to veneer, or, as carpenters put it, “sew up” either a separate wall or the entire room.


The latter, for example, is practiced when designing hunting lodges.

To create a wood-like interior, wallpaper made from natural cork and natural veneer. Natural prerequisite for their use is, of course, maximum evenness of the walls.


Additional wooden decorative elements

The use of stumps as expressive plastic objects in decoration dwellings.


But, as they say, not by one stump. To give the interior some zest, an aesthetic accent, you can use many other, not very large-scale, but extremely expressive means. They can be a fancy driftwood on coffee table, or the root of an old tree on the mantelpiece.


A whimsically curved tree branch attached to the wall can replace an entire panel.

Any wooden trinket can become an artistic accent, the aesthetic nerve of the entire modern interior space. Perhaps it will be an original figurine, a vase made of birch burl, or a bast tree.


This role can be played by a set wooden utensils, exotic mask on the wall, wooden candlesticks, or chess with figures made of light and dark wood. There are no barriers to flight of fancy here.


About trees in a modern interior

Separately, it should be said about wood not as a material, but as a plant. There are two ways to place it in the interior. The first way, if space allows, is to install tubs indoors with small, live, shade-loving trees planted in them.


Also, instead of a living tree, you can install a dry one, bigger size, with a partially cut crown. The tree should reach the ceiling, and the cut branches should create the effect of growing through the ceiling.


The second way is to depict a tree using artistic means. It can be painted on the wall, cut out of hardboard, or made into a wall mosaic using sea pebbles, ceramics, wooden dies, bars and slats.


Particularly grateful admirers of the painted walls are, of course, children. It is in children's rooms that trees are usually drawn. The style of painting can be completely arbitrary - from strict naturalism to the most arbitrary stylization.


The main thing is a skillful combination of colors, creating a fabulous atmosphere that fills the nursery. The crown of a tree, for example, can be higher than a wall, fill part of the ceiling, or float among fluffy clouds. The trunk and stylized branches will add volume to the composition. In addition, now there will be something to hang your favorite toys on and attach the most successful drawings.


A little about style

Wood is an amazing natural product. For any artist-designer, be it an expert or an amateur, it opens the horizon limitless possibilities.


Wood forgives the grossest design mistakes and is combined with almost any materials, playing either on the similarity or on the sharp contrast of their properties.


It can be easily cut (if it is not bog oak), easy to tint and paint, modern impregnations allow it to be used even in bathrooms! It, along with stone, is the most powerful weapon in the arsenal modern designer. However, the same can be said about designers two thousand years ago.


Both wood and stone are very expressive materials. Therefore, when working with them, you should always use the method of alternation: light with dark, warm with cold, rough with smooth.


To highlight, or, as artists say, “pull out” this or that element, it should be placed either in a neutral (white plaster) or in a contrasting environment. For example, a meter wide woodpile looks great against a light, plain wall background.


Here, in fact, is a small number of techniques that help create a satisfactory home design.