Experimenting with salt at home. Chemical and physical experiments for children at home
CARD OF EXPERIMENTS AND EXPERIMENTS FOR PRESCHOOL CHILDREN “EXPERIMENTS WITH WATER”
Prepared by: teacher Nurullina G.R.
Target:
1. Help children get to know the world around them better.
2. Create favorable conditions for sensory perception, improving such vital mental processes, as sensations that are the first steps in understanding the world around us.
3. Develop fine motor skills and tactile sensitivity, learn to listen to your feelings and pronounce them.
4. Teach children to explore water in different states.
5. Through games and experiments, teach children to determine physical properties water.
6. Teach children to make independent conclusions based on the results of the examination.
7. Nurture the moral and spiritual qualities of a child during his communication with nature.
EXPERIMENTS WITH WATER
Note to the teacher: You can buy equipment for conducting experiments in kindergarten in the specialized store “Kindergarten” detsad-shop.ru
Experiment No. 1. “Coloring water.”
Purpose: Identify the properties of water: water can be warm and cold, some substances dissolve in water. The more of this substance, the more intense color; how warmer water, the faster the substance dissolves.
Materials: Containers with water (cold and warm), paint, stirring sticks, measuring cups.
An adult and children examine 2-3 objects in the water and find out why they are clearly visible (the water is clear). Next, find out how to color the water (add paint). An adult offers to color the water themselves (in cups with warm and cold water). In which cup will the paint dissolve faster? (In a glass of warm water). How will the water color if there is more dye? (The water will become more colored).
Experiment No. 2. “Water has no color, but it can be colored.”
Open the tap and offer to watch the flowing water. Pour water into several glasses. What color is the water? (Water has no color, it is transparent). Water can be colored by adding paint to it. (Children observe the coloring of the water). What color did the water become? (Red, blue, yellow, red). The color of the water depends on what color of dye was added to the water.
Conclusion: What did we learn today? What can happen to water if you add paint to it? (Water easily turns into any color).
Experiment No. 3. “Playing with colors.”
Purpose: To introduce the process of dissolving paint in water (at random and with stirring); develop observation and intelligence.
Material: Two cans with clean water, paints, spatula, cloth napkin.
Colors like a rainbow
Children are delighted with their beauty
Orange, yellow, red,
Blue, green - different!
Add some red paint to a jar of water, what happens? (the paint will dissolve slowly and unevenly).
Add a little blue paint to another jar of water and stir. What's happening? (the paint will dissolve evenly).
Children mix water from two jars. What's happening? (when blue and red paint were combined, the water in the jar turned brown).
Conclusion: A drop of paint, if not stirred, dissolves in water slowly and unevenly, but when stirred, it dissolves evenly.
Experience No. 4. “Everyone needs water.”
Purpose: To give children an idea of the role of water in plant life.
Progress: The teacher asks the children what will happen to the plant if it is not watered (it dries out). Plants need water. Look. Let's take 2 peas. Place one on a saucer in a wet cotton pad, and the second on another saucer in a dry cotton pad. Let's leave the peas for a few days. One pea, which was in a cotton wool with water, had a sprout, but the other did not. Children are clearly convinced of the role of water in the development and growth of plants.
Experiment No. 5. “A droplet walks in a circle.”
Goal: To give children basic knowledge about the water cycle in nature.
Procedure: Let's take two bowls of water - a large and a small one, put them on the windowsill and watch from which bowl the water disappears faster. When there is no water in one of the bowls, discuss with the children where the water went? What could have happened to her? (droplets of water constantly travel: they fall to the ground with rain, run in streams; they water plants, under the rays of the sun they return home again - to the clouds from which they once came to earth in the form of rain.)
Experiment No. 6. “Warm and cold water».
Purpose: To clarify children’s ideas about what water can be different temperatures– cold and hot; You can find out if you touch the water with your hands; soap lathers in any water: water and soap wash away dirt.
Material: Soap, water: cold, hot in basins, rag.
Procedure: The teacher invites the children to wash their hands with dry soap and without water. Then he offers to wet your hands and soap in a basin of cold water. He clarifies: the water is cold, transparent, soap is washed in it, after washing hands the water becomes opaque and dirty.
Then he suggests rinsing your hands in a basin with hot water.
Conclusion: Water is a good helper for humans.
Experiment No. 7. “When does it pour, when does it drip?”
Goal: Continue to introduce the properties of water; develop observation skills; consolidate knowledge of safety rules when handling glass objects.
Material: Pipette, two beakers, plastic bag, sponge, socket.
Procedure: The teacher invites the children to play with water and makes a hole in the bag of water. Children lift it above the socket. What's happening? (water drips, hitting the surface of the water, the droplets make sounds). Add a few drops from a pipette. When does water drip faster: from a pipette or a bag? Why?
Children pour water from one beaker to another. Watch when faster water Does it pour when it drips or when it pours?
Children immerse a sponge in a beaker of water and take it out. What's happening? (water first flows out, then drips).
Experiment No. 8. “Which bottle will the water be poured into faster?”
Goal: Continue to introduce the properties of water, objects different sizes, develop ingenuity, learn to follow safety rules when handling glass objects.
Material: Water bath, two bottles different sizes– with a narrow and wide neck, a fabric napkin.
Progress: What song does the water sing? (Glug, glug, glug).
Let's listen to two songs at once: which one is better?
Children compare bottles by size: look at the shape of the neck of each of them; immerse a wide-necked bottle in water, looking at the clock to note how long it will take for it to fill with water; immerse a bottle with a narrow neck in water and note how many minutes it will take to fill it.
Find out from which bottle the water will pour out faster: a large one or a small one? Why?
Children immerse two bottles in water at once. What's happening? (water does not fill the bottles evenly)
Experiment No. 9. “What happens to steam when it cools?”
Purpose: Show children that steam in a room, cooling, turns into droplets of water; outside (in the cold) it becomes frost on the branches of trees and bushes.
Progress: The teacher offers to touch window glass- make sure that it is cold, then invites three guys to breathe on the glass at one point. Observe how the glass fogs up and then a drop of water forms.
Conclusion: The vapor from breathing on cold glass turns into water.
During the walk, the teacher takes out a freshly boiled kettle, places it under the branches of a tree or bush, opens the lid and everyone watches how the branches are “overgrown” with frost.
Experiment No. 10. “Friends.”
Purpose: To introduce the composition of water (oxygen); develop ingenuity and curiosity.
Material: Glass and bottle of water, closed with a cork, cloth napkin.
Procedure: Place a glass of water in the sun for a few minutes. What's happening? (bubbles form on the walls of the glass - this is oxygen).
Shake the water bottle as hard as you can. What's happening? (formed a large number of bubbles)
Conclusion: Water contains oxygen; it “appears” in the form of small bubbles; when water moves, more bubbles appear; Oxygen is needed by those who live in water.
Experiment No. 11. “Where did the water go?”
Purpose: To identify the process of water evaporation, the dependence of the evaporation rate on conditions (open and closed water surface).
Material: Two identical measuring containers.
Children pour an equal amount of water into containers; together with the teacher they make a level mark; one jar is closed tightly with a lid, the other is left open; Both jars are placed on the windowsill.
The evaporation process is observed for a week, making marks on the walls of the containers and recording the results in an observation diary. Discuss whether the amount of water has changed (the water level has become below the mark) where the water has disappeared from open can(water particles rose from the surface into the air). When the container is closed, evaporation is weak (water particles cannot evaporate from the closed container).
Experiment No. 12. “Where does water come from?”
Purpose: To introduce the condensation process.
Material: Hot water container, cooled metal lid.
An adult covers a container of water with a cold lid. After some time, children are asked to consider inner side cover, touch it with your hand. They find out where the water comes from (water particles rose from the surface, they could not evaporate from the jar and settled on the lid). The adult suggests repeating the experiment, but with a warm lid. Children observe that there is no water on the warm lid, and with the help of the teacher they conclude: the process of turning steam into water occurs when the steam cools.
Experiment No. 13. “Which puddle will dry up faster?”
Guys, do you remember what remains after the rain? (Puddles). The rain is sometimes very heavy, and after it there are large puddles, and after a little rain the puddles are: (small). Offers to see which puddle will dry faster - large or small. (The teacher spills water on the asphalt, creating puddles of different sizes). Why did the small puddle dry up faster? (There is less water there). And large puddles sometimes take a whole day to dry up.
Conclusion: What did we learn today? Which puddle dries out faster - big or small? (A small puddle dries faster).
Experiment No. 14. “Game of hide and seek.”
Goal: Continue to introduce the properties of water; develop observation, ingenuity, perseverance.
Material: Two plexiglass plates, a pipette, cups with clear and colored water.
One two three four five!
We'll look for a little bit
Appeared from a pipette
Dissolved on the glass...
Apply a drop of water from a pipette onto dry glass. Why doesn't it spread? (the dry surface of the plate interferes)
Children tilt the plate. What's happening? (drop flows slowly)
Moisten the surface of the plate, drop a drop onto it from a pipette clear water. What's happening? (it will “dissolve” on a damp surface and become invisible)
Apply a drop of colored water to the damp surface of the plate using a pipette. What will happen? (colored water will dissolve in clear water)
Conclusion: When a transparent drop falls into water, it disappears; a drop of colored water on wet glass is visible.
Experiment No. 15. “How to push water out?”
Purpose: To form the idea that the water level rises if objects are placed in the water.
Material: Measuring container with water, pebbles, object in the container.
The children are given the task: to get an object from the container without putting their hands in the water and without using various assistant objects (for example, a net). If the children find it difficult to decide, the teacher suggests placing pebbles in the vessel until the water level reaches the brim.
Conclusion: Pebbles, filling the container, push out water.
Experiment No. 16. “Where does frost come from?”
Equipment: Thermos with hot water, plate.
Take a thermos with hot water for a walk. When children open it, they will see steam. You need to hold a cold plate over the steam. Children see how steam turns into water droplets. This steamed plate is then left for the rest of the walk. At the end of the walk, children can easily see frost forming on it. The experience should be supplemented with a story about how precipitation is formed on earth.
Conclusion: When heated, water turns into steam, when cooled, steam turns into water, water into frost.
Experiment No. 17. “Melting ice.”
Equipment: Plate, bowls of hot and cold water, ice cubes, spoon, watercolor paints, strings, various molds.
The teacher offers to guess where the ice will melt faster - in a bowl of cold water or in a bowl of hot water. He lays out the ice and the children watch the changes taking place. The time is recorded using numbers that are laid out near the bowls, and the children draw conclusions. Children are invited to look at a colored piece of ice. What kind of ice? How is this piece of ice made? Why is the string holding on? (Frozen to the ice.)
How can you get colorful water? Children add colored paints of their choice to the water, pour them into molds (everyone has different molds) and place them on trays in the cold.
Experiment No. 18. “Frozen water.”
Equipment: Pieces of ice, cold water, plates, a picture of an iceberg.
In front of the children is a bowl of water. They discuss what kind of water it is, what shape it is. Water changes shape because it is liquid. Can water be solid? What happens to water if it is cooled too much? (The water will turn into ice.)
Examine the pieces of ice. How is ice different from water? Can ice be poured like water? The children are trying to do this. What shape is the ice? Ice retains its shape. Anything that retains its shape, like ice, is called a solid.
Does ice float? The teacher puts a piece of ice in a bowl and the children watch. How much ice floats? (Upper.) Huge blocks of ice float in the cold seas. They are called icebergs (show picture). Only the tip of the iceberg is visible above the surface. And if the captain of the ship does not notice and stumbles upon the underwater part of the iceberg, then the ship may sink.
The teacher draws the children's attention to the ice that was in the plate. What happened? Why did the ice melt? (The room is warm.) What has the ice turned into? What is ice made of?
Experiment No. 19. “Water Mill”.
Equipment: Toy water mill, basin, jug with coda, rag, aprons according to the number of children.
Grandfather Znay talks with children about why water is needed for people. During the conversation, the children remember its properties. Can water make other things work? After the children’s answers, grandfather Znay shows them a water mill. What is this? How to make the mill work? Children put on aprons and roll up their sleeves; take a jug of water right hand, and with the left they support it near the spout and pour water onto the blades of the mill, directing the stream of water to the center of the blade. What do we see? Why is the mill moving? What sets it in motion? Water drives the mill.
Children play with a mill.
It is noted that if you pour water in a small stream, the mill works slowly, and if you pour it in a large stream, the mill works faster.
Experiment No. 20. “Steam is also water.”
Equipment: Mug with boiling water, glass.
Take a mug of boiling water so the children can see the steam. Place glass over the steam; water droplets form on it.
Conclusion: Water turns into steam, and steam then turns into water.
Experiment No. 21. “Transparency of ice.”
Equipment: water molds, small items.
The teacher invites the children to walk along the edge of the puddle and listen to the ice crunch. (Where there is a lot of water, the ice is hard, durable, and does not break underfoot.) Reinforces the idea that ice is transparent. To do this, place small objects in a transparent container, fill it with water and place it outside the window overnight. In the morning, they examine frozen objects through the ice.
Conclusion: Objects are visible through ice because it is transparent.
Experiment No. 22. “Why is the snow soft?”
Equipment: Spatulas, buckets, magnifying glass, black velvet paper.
Invite the children to watch the snow spin and fall. Let the children scoop up the snow and then use buckets to carry it into a pile for the slide. Children note that buckets of snow are very light, but in the summer they carried sand in them, and it was heavy. Then the children look at the snow flakes that fall on the black velvet paper through a magnifying glass. They see that these are separate snowflakes linked together. And between the snowflakes there is air, which is why the snow is fluffy and so easy to lift.
Conclusion: Snow is lighter than sand, since it consists of snowflakes with a lot of air between them. Children complement from personal experience, they call what is heavier than snow: water, earth, sand and much more.
Please pay attention to the fact that the shape of snowflakes changes depending on the weather: in severe frost, snowflakes fall out in the shape of hard, large stars; in mild frost they resemble white hard balls, which are called cereals; When there is a strong wind, very small snowflakes fly because their rays are broken off. If you walk through the snow in the cold, you can hear it creaking. Read K. Balmont’s poem “Snowflake” to the children.
Experiment No. 23. “Why does snow warm?”
Equipment: Spatulas, two bottles of warm water.
Invite children to remember how their parents protect plants from frost in the garden or at the dacha. (Cover them with snow). Ask the children whether it is necessary to compact and pat down the snow near the trees? (No). And why? (In loose snow, there is a lot of air and it retains heat better).
This can be checked. Before your walk, pour into two identical bottles warm water and seal them. Invite the children to touch them and make sure that the water in both of them is warm. Then at the site one of the bottles is placed on open place, the other is buried in the snow without slamming it down. At the end of the walk, both bottles are placed side by side and compared, in which the water has cooled more, and find out in which bottle ice appeared on the surface.
Conclusion: The water in the bottle under the snow has cooled less, which means the snow retains heat.
Pay attention to the children how easy it is to breathe on a frosty day. Ask the children to say why? This is because falling snow picks up tiny particles of dust from the air, which is present even in winter. And the air becomes clean and fresh.
Experiment No. 24. “How to get drinking water from salt water.”
Pour water into a basin, add two tablespoons of salt, stir. Place washed pebbles at the bottom of an empty plastic glass and lower the glass into a basin so that it does not float up, but its edges are above the water level. Pull the film over the top and tie it around the pelvis. Press the film in the center above the cup and place another pebble in the recess. Place the basin in the sun. After a few hours, unsalted food will accumulate in the glass. pure water. Conclusion: water evaporates in the sun, condensation remains on the film and flows into an empty glass, salt does not evaporate and remains in the basin.
Experiment No. 25. “Snow Melting.”
Goal: To bring to the understanding that snow melts from any heat source.
Progress: Watch the snow melt on warm hand, mitten, on a battery, on a heating pad, etc.
Conclusion: Snow melts from heavy air coming from any system.
Experiment No. 26. “How to get drinking water?”
Dig a hole in the ground about 25 cm deep and 50 cm in diameter. Place an empty plastic container or wide bowl in the center of the hole, and place fresh green grass and leaves around it. Cover the hole with a clean plastic film and fill its edges with earth so that air does not escape from the hole. Place a pebble in the center of the film and lightly press the film over the empty container. The water collecting device is ready.
Leave your design until the evening. Now carefully shake off the soil from the film so that it does not fall into the container (bowl), and look: there is clean water in the bowl. Where did she come from? Explain to your child that under the influence of the sun's heat, the grass and leaves began to decompose, releasing heat. Warm air always rises. It settles in the form of evaporation on the cold film and condenses on it in the form of water droplets. This water flowed into your container; remember, you slightly pressed the film and put a stone there. Now all you have to do is come up with an interesting story about travelers who went to distant countries and forgot to take water with them, and begin an exciting journey.
Experiment No. 27. “Is it possible to drink melt water».
Goal: To show that even the most seemingly clean snow is dirtier tap water.
Procedure: Take two light plates, put snow in one, pour regular tap water into the other. After the snow has melted, examine the water in the plates, compare it and find out which of them contained snow (identify by the debris at the bottom). Make sure that the snow is dirty melt water and not suitable for people to drink. But, melt water can be used to water plants, and it can also be given to animals.
Experiment No. 28. “Is it possible to glue paper with water?”
Let's take two sheets of paper. We move one in one direction, the other in the other. We moisten it with water, squeeze it slightly, try to move it - unsuccessfully. Conclusion: water has a gluing effect.
Experiment No. 29. “The ability of water to reflect surrounding objects.”
Purpose: To show that water reflects surrounding objects.
Procedure: Bring a bowl of water into the group. Invite the children to look at what is reflected in the water. Ask the children to find their reflection, to remember where else they saw their reflection.
Conclusion: Water reflects surrounding objects, it can be used as a mirror.
Experiment No. 30. “Water can pour, or it can splash.”
Pour water into the watering can. The teacher demonstrates watering indoor plants(1-2). What happens to the water when I tilt the watering can? (Water is pouring). Where does the water come from? (From the spout of a watering can?). Show the kids special device for spraying - a spray bottle (children can be told that this is a special spray bottle). It is needed to spray on flowers in hot weather. We spray and refresh the leaves, they breathe easier. Flowers take a shower. Offer to observe the spraying process. Please note that the droplets are very similar to dust because they are very small. Offer to place your palms and spray them. What are your palms like? (Wet). Why? (Water was splashed on them.) Today we watered the plants and sprinkled water on them.
Conclusion: What did we learn today? What can happen to water? (Water can flow or splash.)
Experiment No. 31. “Wet wipes dry faster in the sun than in the shade.”
Wet the napkins in a container of water or under the tap. Invite children to touch the napkins. What kind of napkins? (Wet, damp). Why did they become like this? (They were soaked in water). Dolls will come to visit us and we will need dry napkins to put on the table. What to do? (Dry). Where do you think napkins will dry faster - in the sun or in the shade? You can check this while walking: hang one on sunny side, the other - on the shadow one. Which napkin dried faster - the one hanging in the sun or the one hanging in the shade? (In the sun).
Conclusion: What did we learn today? Where does laundry dry faster? (Laundry dries faster in the sun than in the shade).
Experiment No. 32. “Plants breathe easier if the soil is watered and loosened.”
Offer to look at the soil in the flowerbed and touch it. What does it feel like? (Dry, hard). Can I loosen it with a stick? Why did she become like this? Why is it so dry? (The sun dried it out). In such soil, plants have trouble breathing. Now we will water the plants in the flowerbed. After watering: feel the soil in the flowerbed. What is she like now? (Wet). Does the stick go into the ground easily? Now we will loosen it, and the plants will begin to breathe.
Conclusion: What did we learn today? When do plants breathe easier? (Plants breathe easier if the soil is watered and loosened).
Experiment No. 33. “Your hands will become cleaner if you wash them with water.”
Offer to make sand figures using molds. Draw children's attention to the fact that their hands have become dirty. What to do? Maybe we should dust off our palms? Or shall we blow on them? Are your palms clean? How to clean sand from your hands? (Wash with water). The teacher suggests doing this.
Conclusion: What did we learn today? (Your hands will become cleaner if you wash them with water.)
Experiment No. 34. “Helper water.”
There were crumbs and tea stains on the table after breakfast. Guys, after breakfast the tables were still dirty. It’s not very pleasant to sit down at such tables again. What to do? (Wash). How? (Water and a cloth). Or maybe you can do without water? Let's try wiping the tables with a dry cloth. I managed to collect the crumbs, but the stains remained. What to do? (Wet the napkin with water and rub well). The teacher shows the process of washing tables and invites the children to wash the tables themselves. Emphasizes the role of water during washing. Are the tables now clean?
Conclusion: What did we learn today? When do tables become very clean after eating? (If you wash them with water and a cloth).
Experiment No. 35. “Water can turn into ice, and ice turns into water.”
Pour water into a glass. What do we know about water? What kind of water? (Liquid, transparent, colorless, odorless and tasteless). Now pour the water into the molds and put it in the refrigerator. What happened to the water? (She froze, turned into ice). Why? (The refrigerator is very cold). Leave the molds with ice in a warm place for a while. What will happen to the ice? Why? (The room is warm.) Water turns into ice, and ice into water.
Conclusion: What did we learn today? When does water turn to ice? (When it is very cold). When does ice turn into water? (When it is very warm).
Experiment No. 36. “Fluidity of water.”
Purpose: To show that water has no shape, spills, flows.
Procedure: Take 2 glasses filled with water, as well as 2-3 objects made of hard material (cube, ruler, wooden spoon, etc.) and determine the shape of these objects. Ask the question: “Does water have a form?” Invite children to find the answer on their own by pouring water from one vessel to another (cup, saucer, bottle, etc.). Remember where and how puddles spill.
Conclusion: Water has no shape, it takes the shape of the vessel into which it is poured, that is, it can easily change shape.
Experiment No. 37. “The life-giving property of water.”
Purpose: Show important property water - to give life to living things.
Progress: Observation of cut tree branches placed in water, they come to life and give roots. Observation of the germination of identical seeds in two saucers: empty and with damp cotton wool. Observing the germination of a bulb in a dry jar and a jar with water.
Conclusion: Water gives life to living things.
Experiment No. 38. “Ice melting in water.”
Purpose: Show the relationship between quantity and quality from size.
Procedure: Place a large and small “ice floe” in a bowl of water. Ask the children which one will melt faster. Listen to hypotheses.
Conclusion: The larger the ice floe, the slower it melts, and vice versa.
Experiment No. 39. “What does water smell like?”
Three glasses (sugar, salt, clean water). Add a solution of valerian to one of them. There is a smell. The water begins to smell of the substances that are added to it.
And learn with them peace and miracles physical phenomena? Then we invite you to our “experimental laboratory”, in which we will tell you how to create simple, but very interesting experiments for children.
Experiments with eggs
Egg with salt
The egg will sink to the bottom if you place it in a glass with plain water, but what happens if you add it to water salt? The result is very interesting and can clearly show interesting facts about density.
You will need:
- Salt
- Tumbler.
Instructions:
1. Fill half the glass with water.
2. Add a lot of salt to the glass (about 6 tablespoons).
3. We interfere.
4. Carefully lower the egg into the water and watch what happens.
Explanation
Salt water has a higher density than regular tap water. It is the salt that brings the egg to the surface. And if you add fresh water to the existing salt water, the egg will gradually sink to the bottom.
Egg in a bottle
Did you know that a boiled whole egg can easily be placed in a bottle?
You will need:
- A bottle with a neck diameter smaller than the diameter of an egg
- Boiled egg hard-boiled
- Matches
- Some paper
- Vegetable oil.
Instructions:
1. Lubricate the neck of the bottle with vegetable oil.
2. Now set fire to the paper (you can just use a few matches) and immediately throw it into the bottle.
3. Place an egg on the neck.
When the fire goes out, the egg will be inside the bottle.
Explanation
The fire provokes heating of the air in the bottle, which comes out. After the fire goes out, the air in the bottle will begin to cool and compress. Therefore, a low pressure is created in the bottle, and the external pressure forces the egg into the bottle.
Ball experiment
This experiment shows how rubber and orange peel interact with each other.
You will need:
- Balloon
- Orange.
Instructions:
1. inflate balloon.
2. Peel the orange, but do not throw away the orange peel (zest).
3. Squeeze the orange zest over the ball until it pops.
Explanation.
Orange zest contains the substance limonene. It is capable of dissolving rubber, which is what happens to the ball.
Candle experiment
An interesting experiment showing ignition of a candle from a distance.
You will need:
- Regular candle
- Matches or lighter.
Instructions:
1. Light a candle.
2. After a few seconds, put it out.
3. Now bring the burning flame close to the smoke coming from the candle. The candle will start burning again.
Explanation
The smoke rising from an extinguished candle contains paraffin, which quickly ignites. The burning paraffin vapor reaches the wick, and the candle begins to burn again.
Soda with vinegar
A balloon that inflates itself is a very interesting sight.
You will need:
- Bottle
- Glass of vinegar
- 4 teaspoons soda
- Balloon.
Instructions:
1. Pour a glass of vinegar into the bottle.
2. Pour baking soda into the ball.
3. We put the ball on the neck of the bottle.
4. Slowly place the ball vertically while pouring the baking soda into the bottle with vinegar.
5. We watch the balloon inflate.
Explanation
If you add baking soda to vinegar, a process called soda slaking occurs. During this process stands out carbon dioxide, which inflates our balloon.
Invisible ink
Play secret agent with your child and create your own invisible ink.
You will need:
- Half a lemon
- Spoon
- A bowl
- Cotton swab
- White paper
- Lamp.
Instructions:
1. Squeeze out a little lemon juice into a bowl and add the same amount of water.
2. Dip a cotton swab into the mixture and write something on white paper.
3. Wait until the juice dries and becomes completely invisible.
4. When you are ready to read the secret message or show it to someone else, heat the paper by holding it close to a light bulb or fire.
Explanation
Lemon juice is organic matter, which oxidizes and turns brown when heated. Diluted lemon juice in water makes it hard to see on paper, and no one will know there is lemon juice until it warms up.
Other substances which work on the same principle:
- Orange juice
- Milk
- Onion juice
- Vinegar
- Wine.
How to make lava
You will need:
- Sunflower oil
- Juice or food coloring
- Transparent vessel (can be a glass)
- Any effervescent tablets.
Instructions:
1. First, pour the juice into a glass so that it fills approximately 70% of the container’s volume.
2. Fill the rest of the glass with sunflower oil.
3. Now wait until the juice separates from the sunflower oil.
4. We throw a tablet into a glass and observe an effect similar to lava. When the tablet dissolves, you can throw another one.
Explanation
Oil separates from water because it has a lower density. Dissolving in the juice, the tablet releases carbon dioxide, which captures parts of the juice and lifts it to the top. The gas leaves the glass completely when it reaches the top, causing the juice particles to fall back down.
The tablet fizzes due to the fact that it contains citric acid and soda (sodium bicarbonate). Both of these ingredients react with water to form sodium citrate and carbon dioxide gas.
Ice experiment
At first glance, you might think that the ice cube on top will eventually melt, which should cause the water to spill, but is this really so?
You will need:
- Cup
- Ice cubes.
Instructions:
1. Fill the glass warm water to the very edge.
2. Carefully lower the ice cubes.
3. Watch the water level carefully.
As the ice melts, the water level does not change at all.
Explanation
When water freezes to ice, it expands, increasing its volume (which is why even heating pipes). Water from melted ice takes up less space than the ice itself. Therefore, when the ice cube melts, the water level remains approximately the same.
How to make a parachute
find out about air resistance, making a small parachute.
You will need:
- Plastic bag or other lightweight material
- Scissors
- A small load (possibly some kind of figurine).
Instructions:
1. Cut a large square from a plastic bag.
2. Now we cut the edges so that we get an octagon (eight identical sides).
3. Now we tie 8 pieces of thread to each corner.
4. Don't forget to make a small hole in the middle of the parachute.
5. Tie the other ends of the threads to a small weight.
6. We use a chair or find a high point to launch the parachute and check how it flies. Remember that the parachute should fly as slowly as possible.
Explanation
When the parachute is released, the weight pulls it down, but with the help of the lines, the parachute takes up a large area that resists the air, causing the weight to slowly descend. How larger area surface of the parachute, the more this surface resists falling, and the slower the parachute will descend.
A small hole in the middle of the parachute allows air to flow through it slowly, rather than having the parachute tumble to one side.
How to make a tornado
Find out, how to make a tornado in a bottle with this fun science experiment for kids. The items used in the experiment are easy to find in everyday life. Made home mini tornado much safer than the tornadoes shown on television in the American steppes.
So complicated but interesting science, like chemistry, always causes an ambiguous reaction among schoolchildren. The children are interested in experiments that result in the production of substances of bright colors, the release of gases, or precipitation. But only a few of them like to write complex equations of chemical processes.
The importance of entertaining experiences
According to modern federal standards in secondary schools introduced Such a program subject as chemistry also did not go unnoticed.
As part of the study of complex transformations of substances and solving practical problems young chemist in practice he hones his skills and abilities. It is through unusual experiences that a teacher develops an interest in the subject in his students. But in regular lessons, it is difficult for a teacher to find enough free time for non-standard experiments, and there is simply no time to conduct them for children.
To correct this, additional elective and optional courses were invented. By the way, many children who are interested in chemistry in the 8th and 9th grades become doctors, pharmacists, and scientists in the future, because in such classes the young chemist gets the opportunity to independently conduct experiments and draw conclusions from them.
What courses involve fun chemical experiments?
In the old days, chemistry for children was available only from the 8th grade. No special courses or extracurricular activities Children were not offered any chemical education. In fact, there was simply no work with gifted children in chemistry, which had a negative impact on the attitude of schoolchildren to this discipline. The children were afraid and did not understand complex chemical reactions, and made mistakes in writing ionic equations.
In connection with the reform modern system education, the situation has changed. Now in educational institutions are also offered in lower grades. The children are happy to do the tasks that the teacher offers them and learn to draw conclusions.
Chemistry-related electives help high school students gain skills in working with laboratory equipment, and those designed for junior schoolchildren contain vivid, demonstrative chemical experiments. For example, children study the properties of milk and become familiar with the substances that are obtained when it sours.
Experiences related to water
Entertaining chemistry for children is interesting when, during the experiment, they see an unusual result: the release of gas, bright color, unusual sediment. A substance such as water is considered ideal for conducting a variety of entertaining chemical experiments for schoolchildren.
For example, chemistry for 7-year-old children can begin with an introduction to its properties. The teacher tells the children that most of our planet is covered with water. The teacher also informs the students that in a watermelon there is more than 90 percent of it, and in a person it is about 65-70%. After telling schoolchildren how important water is for humans, you can offer them some interesting experiments. At the same time, it is worth emphasizing the “magic” of water in order to intrigue schoolchildren.
By the way, in this case standard set Chemistry for children does not involve any expensive equipment - it is quite possible to limit yourself to affordable devices and materials.
Experience "Ice Needle"
Let us give an example of such a simple and at the same time interesting experiment with water. This is the construction of an ice sculpture - a “needle”. For the experiment you will need:
- water;
- salt;
- ice cubes.
The duration of the experiment is 2 hours, so regular lesson such an experiment cannot be carried out. First you need to pour water into the ice tray, put it in freezer. 1-2 hours after the water turns into ice, entertaining chemistry may continue. For the experiment you will need 40-50 ready-made ice cubes.
First, children should arrange 18 cubes on the table in the form of a square, leaving a free space in the center. Next, after sprinkling them with table salt, they are carefully applied to each other, thus gluing them together.
Gradually all the cubes are connected, and the result is a thick and long “needle” of ice. To make it, 2 teaspoons are enough table salt and 50 small pieces of ice.
You can tint the water to make ice sculptures multi-colored. And as a result of such a simple experience, chemistry for 9-year-old children becomes an understandable and fascinating science. You can experiment by gluing ice cubes in the shape of a pyramid or diamond.
Experiment "Tornado"
This experience is not required special materials, reagents and instruments. The guys can do it in 10-15 minutes. For the experiment, let's stock up:
- plastic transparent bottle with a cap;
- water;
- dishwashing detergent;
- sparkles.
The bottle should be filled 2/3 with plain water. Then add 1-2 drops of dishwashing detergent to it. After 5-10 seconds, pour a couple of pinches of glitter into the bottle. Screw the cap tightly, turn the bottle upside down, holding it by the neck, and twist it clockwise. Then we stop and look at the resulting vortex. Before the “tornado” starts working, you will have to spin the bottle 3-4 times.
Why does a “tornado” appear in an ordinary bottle?
When a child makes circular movements, a whirlwind appears, similar to a tornado. The rotation of water around the center occurs due to the action of centrifugal force. The teacher tells the children about how scary tornadoes are in nature.
Such an experience is absolutely safe, but after it, chemistry for children becomes a truly fabulous science. To make the experiment more vivid, you can use coloring matter, for example, potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate).
Experiment "Soap Bubbles"
Do you want to tell your children what fun chemistry is? Programs for children do not allow the teacher to pay due attention to experiments in lessons; there is simply no time for this. So, let's do this optionally.
For elementary school students, this experiment will bring a lot of positive emotions, and it can be done in a few minutes. We will need:
- liquid soap;
- jar;
- water;
- thin wire.
In a jar, mix one part liquid soap with six parts water. We bend the end of a small piece of wire into a ring, dip it into the soap mixture, carefully pull it out and blow out of the mold a beautiful soap bubble of our own making.
For this experiment, only wire that does not have a nylon layer is suitable. Otherwise, children will not be able to blow soap bubbles.
To make it more interesting for the children, you can add soap solution food coloring. You can arrange soap competitions between schoolchildren, then chemistry for children will become a real holiday. The teacher thus introduces the children to the concept of solutions, solubility and explains the reasons for the appearance of bubbles.
Entertaining experience “Water from plants”
To begin with, the teacher explains how important water is for cells in living organisms. It is with the help of it that transportation takes place. nutrients. The teacher notes that if insufficient quantity water in the body, all living things die.
For the experiment you will need:
- alcohol lamp;
- test tubes;
- green leaves;
- test tube holder;
- copper sulfate (2);
- beaker.
This experiment will require 1.5-2 hours, but as a result, chemistry for children will be a manifestation of a miracle, a symbol of magic.
Green leaves are placed in a test tube and secured in a holder. In the flame of an alcohol lamp, you need to heat the entire test tube 2-3 times, and then do this only with the part where the green leaves are located.
The glass should be placed so that the gaseous substances released in the test tube fall into it. As soon as heating is completed, add grains of white anhydrous copper sulfate to the drop of liquid obtained inside the glass. Gradually White color disappears, and copper sulfate becomes blue or dark blue.
This experience brings children into complete delight, because before their eyes the color of substances changes. At the end of the experiment, the teacher tells the children about such a property as hygroscopicity. It is due to its ability to absorb water vapor (moisture) that white copper sulfate changes its color to blue.
Experiment "Magic Wand"
This experiment is suitable for an introductory lesson in an elective course in chemistry. First you need to make a star-shaped blank and soak it in a solution of phenolphthalein (indicator).
During the experiment itself, attached to " magic wand"The star is first immersed in an alkali solution (for example, in a solution of sodium hydroxide). Children see how in a matter of seconds its color changes and a bright crimson color appears. Next, the colored form is placed in an acid solution (for the experiment, it would be optimal to use a solution of hydrochloric acid), and the crimson color disappears - the star becomes colorless again.
If the experiment is carried out for children, during the experiment the teacher tells a “chemical tale”. For example, the hero of a fairy tale can be an inquisitive mouse who wanted to find out why magical land so many bright colors. For students in grades 8-9, the teacher introduces the concept of “indicator” and notes which indicators can determine the acidic environment, and which substances are needed to determine the alkaline environment of solutions.
"Genie in a Bottle" Experience
This experiment is demonstrated by the teacher himself, using a special fume hood. The experience is based on the specific properties of concentrated nitric acid. Unlike many acids, concentrated nitric acid is capable of chemical interaction with metals located after hydrogen (with the exception of platinum and gold).
You need to pour it into a test tube and add a piece of copper wire there. Under the hood, the test tube is heated, and the children observe the appearance of “red gin” vapors.
For students in grades 8-9, the teacher writes an equation chemical reaction, identifies signs of its occurrence (change in color, appearance of gas). This experiment is not suitable for demonstration outside the walls of a school chemistry lab. According to safety regulations, it involves the use of vapors of nitrogen oxide (“brown gas”) that pose a danger to children.
Home experiments
In order to whet the interest of schoolchildren in chemistry, you can offer a home experiment. For example, conduct an experiment on growing table salt crystals.
The child must prepare a saturated solution of table salt. Then place a thin twig in it, and as the water evaporates from the solution, crystals of table salt will “grow” on the twig.
The jar of solution should not be shaken or rotated. And when the crystals grow after 2 weeks, the stick must be very carefully removed from the solution and dried. And then, if desired, you can coat the product with colorless varnish.
Conclusion
IN school curriculum There is no more interesting subject than chemistry. But in order for children not to be afraid of this complex science, the teacher must devote sufficient time in his work to entertaining experiences and unusual experiments.
It is the practical skills that are formed during such work that will help stimulate interest in the subject. And in the lower grades, entertaining experiments are considered according to the Federal State Educational Standards as independent project and research activities.
For the development of a child, it is necessary to use all possible means, including experiments for children, which trained parents can conduct at home. This type of activity is very interesting for preschoolers, it helps them learn a lot about the world around them and take direct part in the research process. The main rule that mothers and fathers should adhere to is the absence of coercion: classes should be conducted only when the child himself is ready for experiments.
Physical
Such scientific experiments will interest an inquisitive little one and help him gain new knowledge:
- about the properties of liquid;
- about atmospheric pressure;
- about the interaction of molecules.
In addition, under clear parental guidance, he will be able to repeat everything without difficulty.
Bottle filling
You should prepare your inventory in advance. Need hot water Glass bottle and a bowl of cold water (for clarity, the liquid should be pre-tinted).
The procedure is as follows:
- Needs to be bottled hot water several times to ensure the container is properly warmed up.
- Pour out the hot liquid completely.
- Turn the bottle upside down and place it in a bowl of cold water.
- You will see that water from the bowl will begin to flow into the bottle.
Why is this happening? The hot liquid filled the bottle warm air. As the gas cools, it contracts, causing the volume it occupies to decrease, forming a low-pressure environment in the bottle. As water flows in, it restores balance. This experiment with water can be done at home without any problems.
With a glass
Every child, even at 3-4 years old, knows that if you turn over a glass filled with water, the liquid will spill out. However there is interesting experience, capable of proving the opposite.
Procedure:
- Pour water into a glass.
- Cover it with a piece of cardboard.
- Holding the sheet with your hand, carefully turn the structure over.
- You can remove your hand.
Surprisingly, the water will not spill out - the molecules of the cardboard and the liquid will mix at the moment of contact. Therefore, the sheet will hold on, becoming a kind of lid. You can also tell the child about atmospheric pressure, that it exists both inside the glass and outside, while in the container it is lower, outside it is higher. Due to this difference, water does not spill out.
A similar experiment is best carried out over a basin, since gradually the paper material will get wet and the liquid will drip.
How to develop the most significant areas for a child in 20-30 minutes a day
- Three ready-made scenarios for comprehensive developmental classes in pdf format;
- Video recommendations on how to conduct complex games and how to create them yourself;
- A plan for creating such activities at home
Subscribe and get for free:
Developmental experiments
There are a large number of truly interesting experiments for babies.
Eruption
This experience is rightfully considered one of the most exciting and therefore loved by children. To carry it out you will need:
- soda;
- red paint;
- citric acid or lemon juice;
- water;
- a little detergent.
First, you should build the “volcano” itself by making a cone out of thick paper, fastening it along the edges with tape and cutting a hole on top. Then the resulting blank is put on any bottle. To resemble a volcano, it should be covered with brown plasticine and placed on a large baking sheet so that the “lava” does not spoil the surface of the table.
Procedure:
- Pour soda into the bottle.
- Add paint.
- Add a drop of detergent (1 drop).
- Pour water and mix well.
For the “eruption” to begin, you need to ask the child to add a little citric acid(or lemon juice). This simplest example chemical reaction.
Dancing worms
This simple, fun experiment can be done with both preschoolers and elementary school students. Necessary equipment:
- corn starch;
- water;
- baking tray;
- paints (food coloring);
- music column.
First you need to mix 2 cups of starch and a glass of water. Pour the resulting substance onto a baking sheet, add paint or dye.
All that remains is to turn on loud music and place the baking sheet on the speaker. The colors on the workpiece will be mixed in a chaotic manner, creating a beautiful, unusual spectacle.
We use food
To make an experiment that is unusual, interesting for your child and educational, it is not at all necessary to purchase complex equipment and expensive materials. We invite you to get to know the very simple options, available for execution at home.
With egg
Necessary equipment:
- glass of water (tall);
- egg;
- salt;
- water.
The idea is simple - an egg immersed in water will sink to the bottom. If you add table salt (about 6 tablespoons) to the liquid, it will rise to the surface. This physical experience with salt helps illustrate the concept of density to your child. So, salted water has more water, so the egg can float on the surface.
You can also show the opposite effect (which is why it was recommended to take a tall glass) - when you add plain tap water to a salted liquid, the density will decrease and the egg will sink to the bottom.
Invisible ink
A very interesting and simple trick, which at first will seem like real magic to the baby, and after the parents explain it, it will help to learn about oxidation.
Necessary equipment:
- ½ lemon;
- water;
- spoon and plate;
- paper;
- lamp;
- cotton swab.
If lemon is not available, you can use analogues, such as milk, onion juice or wine.
Procedure:
- Squeeze citrus juice, add it to a plate, mix with equal amount water.
- Dip the tampon into the resulting liquid.
- Use it to write something the child can understand (or draw).
- Wait until the juice dries, becoming completely invisible.
- Heat the sheet (using a lamp or holding it over a fire).
Text or a simple drawing will become visible due to the fact that the juice has oxidized and turned brown when the temperature rises.
Color explosion
The little ones can enjoy a fun experiment with milk and paints, which can be carried out without any problems in the kitchen.
Required products and equipment:
- milk (preferably high fat content);
- food coloring (several colors - the more, the more interesting and brighter it will be);
- dishwashing liquid;
- plate;
- cotton buds;
- pipette.
If dishwashing liquid is not available, liquid soap can be used.
Procedure:
- Pour milk into a plate. It should completely hide the bottom.
- Let the liquid sit for a while until it reaches room temperature.
- Using a pipette, carefully drop several different food colors into the bowl of milk.
- By lightly touching the liquid with a cotton swab, you need to show the baby what is happening.
- Next, take a second stick and dip it in detergent. It touches the surface of the milk and holds for 10 seconds. There is no need to mix colorful stains, a gentle touch is enough.
Next, the baby will be able to observe the most beautiful thing - the colors begin to “dance”, as if trying to escape from the soap stick. Even if you remove it now, the “explosion” will continue. At this stage, you can invite the child to participate himself - add dye, immerse a soapy stick in the liquid.
The secret of the experience is simple - detergent destroys the fat contained in milk, which causes the “dance”.
With sugar
For children 3-4 years old, various experiments with food will be very interesting. The child will be happy to learn about new qualities of his usual food.
For this entertaining entertainment required:
- 10 tbsp. l. Sahara;
- water;
- food colors of several colors;
- two spoons (teaspoon, tablespoon);
- syringe;
- 5 glasses.
First you need to add sugar to the glasses according to this scheme:
- in the first glass - 1 tbsp. l.;
- in the second - 2 tbsp. l.;
- in the third - 3 tbsp. l.;
- in the fourth - 4 tbsp. l.
Add 3 tsp to each of them. water. Mix. Then you need to add a dye of your own color to each of the glasses and mix again. The next step is to carefully take the colored liquid from the fourth glass using a syringe or a teaspoon and pour it into the fifth, which was empty. Then colored water is added in the same order from the third, second and finally from the first glasses.
If you act carefully, the colored liquids will not mix, but, when layered on top of each other, they will help create a bright, unusual pyramid. The secret of the trick is that the density of water changes depending on the amount of sugar added to it.
With flour
Let's consider another interesting experience for children, simple and safe. It can be carried out either in kindergarten, and at home.
Necessary equipment:
- flour;
- salt;
- paints (gouache);
- brush;
- sheet of cardboard.
Procedure:
- In a small glass you need to mix 1 tbsp. l. flour and salt. This is a blank from which we will later make paint of the same color. Accordingly, the number of such blanks is equal to the number of flowers.
- Add 3 tbsp to each glass. l. water and gouache.
- Using paint, ask your child to draw a picture on cardboard using a brush or cotton swab, one for each color.
- Place the finished creation in the microwave (power 600 W) for 5 minutes.
The paints, which are dough, will rise and harden, making the drawing three-dimensional.
Lava lamp
Another unusual one children's experiment allows you to create the most authentic lava lamp. After watching just once, even a novice researcher will be able to repeat the experiment with his own hands, without the help of adults.
Required equipment and materials:
- vegetable oil(cup);
- salt (1 tsp);
- water;
- food coloring (several shades);
- glass jar.
Procedure:
- Fill the jar 2/3 full with water.
- Add vegetable oil, which at this stage forms a thick film on the surface.
- Add food coloring.
- Slowly add salt.
Under the weight of the salt, the oil will begin to sink to the bottom, and the dye will make the spectacle more colorful and impressive.
With soda
To demonstrate to a child preschool age An experiment with soda is perfect:
- Pour the drink into a glass.
- Drop a few peas or cherry pits into it.
- Watch how they gradually rise from the bottom and fall again.
An amazing sight for a child who does not yet know that the peas are surrounded by bubbles of carbon dioxide, which brings them to the surface. They work on a similar principle. submarines.
With water
There are several educational optical experiments that, despite their simplicity, are very interesting.
- The missing ruble
Water is poured into a jar and an iron ruble is dropped into it. Now you need to ask the baby to find the coin by looking through the glass. Due to the optical phenomenon of refraction, the eye will not be able to see the ruble if it is directed from the side. If you look into the jar from above, the coin will be in place.
- curved spoon
Let's continue exploring optics with a preschooler. This easy but visual experiment is carried out like this: you need to pour water into a glass and dip a spoon into it. Ask your baby to look from the side. He will see that at the boundary of the media - water and air - the spoon appears curved. By taking out the spoon, you can make sure that everything is okay with it.
The child should be explained that a ray of light bends when passing through water, which is why we see a modified image. You can continue water theme and put the same spoon into a small jar. Curvature will not occur since the walls of this container are smooth.
This biological experiment will help the child get acquainted with the world of living nature and observe how a sprout is formed. Beans or peas are required for this.
Parents can invite the young botanist to independently moisten a piece of gauze folded several times with water, place it on a saucer, place peas or beans on the cloth and cover with damp gauze. The baby’s task is to carefully ensure that the seeds are moistened at all times and check them regularly. In a couple of days the first shoots will appear.
Photosynthesis process
This plant and candle activity is best suited for younger students who know that trees and grass absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
The gist is this:
- Carefully place burning candles into two jars.
- Place a living plant in one of them.
- Cover both containers with a lid.
Observe that the candle in the jar with the plant continues to burn because oxygen is present in it. In the second bank it goes out almost immediately.
Entertaining
We catch electricity. This one is small and safe experience It can easily be done with kids.
- One inflated balloon is placed on the wall, several others lie on the floor.
- The mother invites the child to place all the balls on the wall. However, they will not hold on and will fall.
- The mother asks the baby to rub the ball on his hair and try again. Now the ball has been attached.
After this, you need to tell that the “miracle” happened thanks to the electricity that was generated when the ball was rubbed on the hair.
Another option for the curious is an experiment with foil. It goes like this:
- A small piece of foil needs to be cut into strips.
- Ask your little one to comb her hair.
- Now you need to lean the comb against the strip and observe. The foil will stick to the comb.
You can also demonstrate “The Lost Chalk” to children. To do this, a piece of ordinary chalk is placed in vinegar. The limestone will begin to hiss and decrease in size. After some time it will completely dissolve. This is due to the fact that chalk, when it comes into contact with vinegar, turns into other substances.
Experiments with preschool children are an excellent opportunity to develop their curiosity and answer many questions in a visual and understandable form. In addition, by offering children a variety of experiments, attentive parents will help them outline their own range of interests at an early age. And the research itself will be a great and fun pastime.
There are ways to have fun and clearly benefit free time with the whole family, so that neither parents nor children get bored. One of these ways is home experiments, experiments using those objects available in every home that surround us every day.
For young, inquisitive family members, such experiments will allow them to join the world of science and create true miracles with their own hands. Parents will be able to recall school knowledge and unobtrusively convey some of it to their children.
The laws of both physics and chemistry apply, regardless of whether it is a laboratory or your own kitchen. It may happen that these experiences will prompt your child to seriously seek an explanation for what he saw, and perhaps become the beginning of a long journey into science for him. Experiments for children at home will be very exciting and will help your baby learn a lot of new and interesting things.
With us you will easily and safely experiment with such familiar things: water, fire, magnet and mirror.
Experiments with liquids will help you become a real wizard
Homemade rainbow using water and mirror
Want to see a rainbow at home? All you need is a basin half filled with water and a mirror. small size, a flashlight and a sheet of paper (white).
- You need to place the mirror in a basin of water. The mirror should fit entirely in it.
- Turn on the flashlight and shine it directly on the mirror.
- All you have to do is catch the reflection on a piece of paper and admire the real rainbow.
Many of us in childhood They repeated more than once: “Every hunter wants to know where the pheasant sits.” Today's children know that the first letters of words mean the colors of the rainbow.
And if they don’t know, you have a reason to help your child learn the colors of the rainbow in this way. In addition, after such an experiment, it is much easier to talk about light as a source of color, and about more serious things, for example, about the color spectrum.
Colored milk with bright pictures and patterns
Do you believe that in milk that suddenly comes to life, colorful pictures can appear as if by themselves, as if someone was painting them? You can create it yourself.
For the experience you need to take:
- milk (half a glass);
- flat plate;
- 3-4 food colorings;
- just a little liquid soap;
- a couple of cotton swabs.
- The milk needs to be poured into a container.
- Then take the dyes and add them to the milk one by one, different colors one after another.
- You will see that their movement creates patterns on the surface.
- Cotton swabs, which you first dip into the soap and then into the plate, will only speed up this movement and cause the dyes to mix.
- By moving the sticks around the plate, you will draw extraordinary, fantastic, colorful pictures. All that remains is to admire them.
Be sure to explain to your baby that the movement occurs because fat molecules are broken down from the soap.
Movement of a boat without wind or motor
And now you can see that the boat can move without wind or a motor. Don't believe me? Let's prepare:
- a bath (or smaller vessel) with water;
- a little liquid soap;
- plastic corner or film;
- scissors.
- All children love and know how to cut. Instruct your child to cut out a boat in the shape of a triangle, with a slit and a hole in the middle.
- Lower the boat into the water, and round hole gently drip the soap. Your boat literally took off!
- You're still dripping. She's swimming again.
Are you sure? And the child will be delighted.
Floating iceberg using ice and oil
An excellent reason to talk about the fact that different substances have different densities, some things sink to the bottom, and some don’t.
For the experience you need:
- one glass of water;
- ice Cube;
- 50 ml vegetable oil.
If you throw ice into a glass of water, it will remain on the surface.
Add butter and the cube will be at the bottom. The oil will prevent it from rising to the surface.
Carry out a similar experiment with lemon. Let your child see that the lemon will float like an ice cube in the peel. But once you clear it, it will sink.
Optical experiments at home for young children
Experiment using black sheet and figures
The study should be carried out in sunny conditions. clear weather. Prepare:
- one sheet of thick black paper;
- several flat objects (cutters, rulers, etc.) or simply cut out figures from another sheet.
- Place items on a piece of paper, leaving free space between them.
- Let the leaf remain in the sun.
- Towards evening, you can carefully examine the results of the experiment and make sure that the paper under the figures is still bright black, and the open space of the sheet has burned out and become lighter.
The magic mirror will show distorted figures
Usually we see our reflection in the mirror. It turns out that distorted things and objects can be reflected in it. Don't believe me? You will need:
- small mirror;
- cup;
- scotch.
- First you need to tape a glass to the mirror and pour water into it.
- As your face approaches the glass, the reflection will decrease. And when you lean, for example, to the right, the tilt in the opposite direction is reflected.
It's time to explain to your baby that this effect is achieved due to the refraction of light, and a distorted image appears in the mirror.
See the invisible on a hidden sheet
Can we see what no one else sees? We can try. Prepare for the experiment:
- 2 sheets;
- envelope;
- pen or felt-tip pen.
- We write any word on a piece of paper. You can draw something small.
- After this, we hide the sheet in an envelope.
The size of the sheet should be smaller than the envelope so that the entire envelope can fit. You can make sure that you won’t be able to see the inscription through the envelope.
- Roll the second sheet into a tube.
- Now try to read the inscription by placing the “spyglass” you made with your own hands tightly to the envelope. If your room is well lit, you will succeed.
Panic room for young children and adults
All little children love scary stories. Some of the adults too. You can create a panic room in your home. To do this you need to take:
- wall mirror;
- a sheet of paper approximately the same size as the mirror;
- scissors.
You can use a table lamp as a light source.
- First, you need to cut out a scary face on a sheet of paper.
- Attach this sheet to the mirror (you can use transparent tape).
- It is necessary to turn on the lamp behind the back of the experiment participant. The shadow of his head will fall on the wall.
- Invite him to close his eyes.
- We place the mirror so that the reflections from the terrible face fall on its shadow.
- You can open your eyes! Scary?
What else you should definitely read:
Complex experiments with fire, electricity and magnets
Do not leave children alone during such experiments.
The fireproof ball will amaze with its strength
Everyone knows about the enormous destructive power of fire. It burns and melts, destroying everything in its path. Everyone knows this.