Laying expanded clay concrete blocks with your own hands. Do-it-yourself laying of expanded clay concrete blocks, step-by-step instructions

Expanded clay concrete has long appeared on the building materials market and during this time has established itself as an environmentally friendly, lightweight and inexpensive material for private construction. Laying expanded clay concrete blocks is a fairly simple process and anyone can master it. About how many steps you need to take to build a house with my own hands, as well as the technique, features and all the details of how to correctly place the blocks will be discussed in this article.

To start work you need to purchase everything necessary tools and materials.

Among the tools and equipment you will need a level, a tape measure, a rubber hammer, a trowel, a mooring cord, a square, a plumb line, an angle grinder with a 220 circle, a shovel, a concrete mixer, a container, and you will also need scaffolding. In addition to the expanded clay concrete blocks themselves, you will need other materials, namely sand, cement, reinforcement and insulation. How many materials are needed depends on the scope of your construction.

Now, armed with everything you need, you can get to work. The first step is to create a mortar for laying the blocks. There are two options to choose from, ready-made adhesives or a mixture based on cement and sand. How much mortar is needed depends on your construction volumes and which of the two options should be left to you to decide.

If you decide to use a cement-sand mortar for laying, then it should be prepared in a ratio of 1 to 3 to 0.7 (cement, sand and water). In your work, be sure to use cement of a grade not lower than M400. Depending on the moisture content of the sand, you can change the volume required water. Just focus on the consistency of the mixture, it should be plastic and not spread. Then you can easily place products on such a solution.

If you want to get the highest possible elasticity for your mixture, then it costs part quarry sand replace with river water or add plasticity to the mixture due to a plasticizer.

You can also place blocks on ready-made composition, which just needs to be mixed with water to get started. Such solutions reduce the thickness of the seams and are more flexible, but at the same time they will be more expensive. Exactly how much can be approximately calculated from the following ratio. In order to lay 1 m3 of masonry. You will need to purchase 40 kg of dry mixture.

The thickness of the seams influences how much mortar is needed. For cement-sand mixture this figure reaches 9 mm, while for ready mixture only 3-5 mm.

In addition, do not forget that solutions need to be mixed all the time, and this is especially true for cement-sand mixtures.

Now you know everything about what solutions can be used and how they differ. Let us pay attention to the features of laying blocks of expanded clay concrete.

It is worth noting that when building a house designed for living exclusively in summer, or in warm climatic zones, the thickness of the wall to the width of the block will be sufficient. When constructing this option, the reinforcement must be installed in increments of 3 to 5 rows and a material diameter of no more than 10 mm must be used. Upper part The walls are covered with an armored belt 10-20 cm high.

When laying walls 39 cm wide, reinforcement is performed every 3-5 rows. This technology is used to build walls country houses or private houses. For best thermal insulation The walls must be covered with at least 5mm insulation. Both mineral wool and polystyrene foam are suitable. Decide for yourself what exactly you should use; both options are good and ultimately have their pros and cons.

The last step is to consider how to lay blocks and what features may arise during the work process. Laying must be done on a prepared base. The finished foundation must be covered with at least two layers of waterproofing; you can use roofing felt or other materials at your discretion. Already on the finished waterproofing it is necessary to apply the first layer of mortar of at least 3 mm, on which the masonry is made.

Laying blocks is quite simple and accessible to everyone. Place the block in the desired place and press it well, after which you tap too hard with a heavy rubber tool. To measure the evenness of corner products, use an angle.

If internal tile insulation is not used when installing the wall, then mesh can be used instead of reinforcement. Place the reinforcement in the grooves provided in the blocks. If the design of the block does not provide for them, then you will have to do it yourself.

The first row must be placed on cement mortar. It doesn’t matter which solution to use for the remaining rows, choose for yourself. In order for the masonry to be level, a mooring cord is pulled between the corner blocks and work is carried out strictly along it. It is best to level the layers of glue with a notched trowel.

As a result, you can lay the blocks yourself, but do not forget to strictly follow the technology. In the corners, check the accuracy of the placement of the blocks with a plumb line. No one will say how much effort and time you will have to spend on building your house, but if you strictly follow our advice and carry out the work according to technology, the result will certainly please you.

Modern construction has undergone significant changes. This is due primarily to the use of new construction technologies and materials. Revolutionary changes made it possible to improve the quality of constructed buildings and reduce labor costs. The use of blocks instead of bricks played an important role in this. Blocks are produced according to various technologies from cement, expanded clay concrete and other materials.

Characteristics of expanded clay concrete blocks

Externally expanded clay concrete blocks They are lightweight building stones made from a particularly durable expanded clay concrete composition.

The main feature of expanded clay concrete blocks is their high moisture resistance. When completely immersed in water, expanded clay concrete absorbs water 200% less than porous concrete. This moisture absorption coefficient indicates that the material has good heat-saving properties.

Calculations have shown that the thermal conductivity of masonry made of expanded clay concrete blocks is 1.5 times less than the thermal conductivity of a facade made of perforated clinker bricks of the same section. Expanded clay concrete is fire-resistant, environmentally friendly and has excellent bearing capacity. Having such characteristics, expanded clay concrete blocks have gained great popularity in countries such as Sweden, the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, and Norway. 40% individual construction in these countries it is made using expanded clay concrete.

Rules and nuances of laying blocks of expanded clay concrete

If you look at how expanded clay concrete blocks are laid, you get the impression that they are going to the children's designer"LEGO". Due to the fact that the blocks are larger in size than bricks and lighter, the laying process is much faster.

The masonry process is in many ways identical to brick laying. For work, masonry cement mortar is used, the blocks are wetted to improve adhesion to the substance during the masonry process.

Before laying expanded clay concrete blocks, leveling must be done. Roofing felt is laid out in two layers as waterproofing.

The laying of blocks should begin from the corners of the building, sequentially continuing along the entire perimeter. To increase strength, it is advisable to reinforce the seams with steel reinforcing mesh.

Sequence of work:

Apply cement mortar to the block in an even layer;
Place the block on the mortar to the edge of the previously laid block, stepping back about 5 cm from it;
Using a sliding motion, move the block towards the already laid one so that a vertical seam about 1 cm thick is formed between them.

How to lay expanded clay concrete blocks, to carry out masonry with highest quality? Firstly, it is very important to lay the first row correctly. Before this, be sure to waterproof between the masonry and the foundation and level the surface with cement mortar. Secondly, when laying expanded clay concrete, a smaller amount of cement mortar is used. This feature allows you to achieve significant savings. The same can be said about calculating the cost of expanded clay concrete blocks compared to traditional brick. Blocks are cheaper to use.

Finishing

The surface of expanded clay concrete blocks is compatible with most finishing methods. They are allowed to be plastered, lined with decorative tiles or bricks. Sometimes, to increase energy efficiency and reduce heat losses of structures, they combine different methods. One of these methods is a ventilated facade. It is possible to finish the internal surfaces of walls using both the “wet” and “dry” methods.

The widespread use of expanded clay blocks in industrial and residential construction is explained by excellent technological and operational properties of this material. They consist of relatively low thermal conductivity, high frost and moisture resistance, environmental friendliness, ease of laying and the possibility self-made such blocks. The complex of these advantages is complemented by the low cost of the material. Construction from expanded clay concrete blocks is carried out by several methods, each of which is used depending on the type and purpose of the building, soil characteristics, climatic conditions and other characteristics.

Kerambit concrete blocks have a number of advantages: they have good strength, thermal conductivity, good sound insulation and moisture resistance.

Building a house from expanded clay concrete blocks is not very different from building a house from brick walls. Therefore, the set of tools will be almost the same.

Scheme of a wall made of expanded clay concrete.

A block house is built using the following tools:

plumb line;
construction level;
measuring tape or tape measure;
mooring cord;
ordering with a distance between marks of 200 mm;
construction square;
rubber hammer weighing 800-1000 g;
corner Grinder(grinder) with a cutting wheel diameter of 230 m;
jointing;
containers for preparing masonry mortar;
a pair of shovels.

Foundation for a house

Scheme of a block made of expanded clay concrete.

The construction of a house made of expanded clay concrete blocks begins with the construction of a foundation. The foundation structure is best made from solid blocks. First of all they will provide high strength, making the foundation for a house made of expanded clay concrete blocks a reliable foundation for a future structure.

A foundation made of expanded clay concrete blocks has excellent moisture resistance and resistance to mechanical and chemical influences, significantly exceeding those of traditional cement concrete. The construction of such a foundation is also safe from an environmental point of view. The blocks are characterized by high thermal insulation properties, which makes it possible to build a foundation from expanded clay concrete blocks even in places with a very cold climate. Expanded clay concrete foundations are characterized by low thermal conductivity. The building blocks have very convenient form and a convenient size for use, which makes laying the foundation easier and faster, without extra effort and special skills.

Diagram of a heating block made of expanded clay concrete.

The building blocks include elements such as cement, water and the main component - expanded clay, also known as foamed and baked clay. When hardened, the clay forms a foamy structure that is particularly light and durable.

Compared to traditional cement concrete, expanded clay building blocks have a great advantage: they are very resistant to groundwater and other external influences.

Laying a foundation of expanded clay concrete blocks is the key to a reliable and safe foundation made of natural materials. In addition, laying the foundation for a house made of expanded clay concrete blocks is a very simple process, so the house will be built even faster.

Types of foundations.

When choosing material for the foundation of your house, try not to rush. Of course, the most ideal option it would be if the future foundation of the house did not allow moisture to pass through, was safe, sufficiently strong, reliable and did not require much time for construction. Despite the many demands put forward modern technologies construction, there is a simple solution that allows you to combine all the above requests - laying the foundation for a house from expanded clay concrete blocks.

IN Lately In the construction of garages, private houses or cottages, building blocks made of expanded clay are increasingly used. Most often, such blocks are used as load-bearing structures, for external cladding. However, laying a foundation for a house from expanded clay concrete blocks is also quite effective and quite advisable. The main thing is to use suitable type blocks - solid blocks are needed for the foundation, and hollow blocks are needed for laying walls made of expanded clay concrete.

Laying a foundation from blocks must be carried out with the obligatory installation of a seismic belt (dividing belt), which is carried out at the level of the ceilings separating the basement and the main room. In the basement itself, all the seams that are formed during laying must be filled with mortar.

Reinforcing belt

Installation of reinforced foundation.

The armored belt is poured along the perimeter of the building, on the top of the external walls of which a mauerlat (beam designed to evenly distribute the load along the entire length of the wall) will be mounted. It is necessary so that the load that is transferred rafter system, was transmitted not to the walls of the building, but directly to the armored belt. This is especially true if a spacer rafter structure is used, when the main load is placed on the walls, or rather on the mauerlat that will be attached to them.

Making an armored belt is quite simple. You need to place formwork along the top of the wall, lay out reinforcement and pour concrete. After 2-3 days, the formwork can be removed, and after 4 weeks, the mauerlat can be laid on the armored belt. To secure the Mauerlat, it is necessary to install threaded studs or steel rods into the armored belt, filling part of them with concrete. This is done even when pouring the armored belt. Then, aligning the armored belt cement-sand mortar, on these rods it will be necessary to chop two layers of roofing felt and install the timber, having previously made holes in it for the rods. After this, you just need to bend the remaining rods, finally securing the Mauerlat. Rods can be used 6-8 mm thick. When bending the top of the rod along the Mauerlat, it can be sawed lengthwise with a hacksaw or grinder close to the surface of the Mauerlat.

Block reinforcement

When arranging an armored belt, do not forget about the loops for the wire, through which rafter legs will be attached to the walls. Loops or hooks must be secured with inside walls, three upper rows of building blocks.

You can not make an armored belt only when using hanging rafters or non-thrust truss structure. When using a non-thrust rafter structure with layered rafters, it must be taken into account that the main load, if there is no reinforced belt, will be transferred to the ridge girder.

If an armored belt is not made, pins or rods for fastening the Mauerlat can be walled up directly into the masonry, securing them with the last two rows of building blocks. The top of the wall is leveled with cement-sand mortar. is laid on it double layer roofing felt

Basic requirements for laying walls

Buildings with a height of no more than four floors are erected from expanded clay concrete blocks. To build a house with more floors, a metal or reinforced concrete frame is required.

the upper surface of the house foundation is leveled with cement mortar, about 30 mm thick;
cover the frozen solution with 2-3 layers of roofing material (waterproofing), coating them with bitumen mastic;
laying blocks always starts from the corner, building a row around the perimeter, after which the next row is laid, etc.;
interior walls It is better to lay it at the same time as the external ones, while simultaneously connecting the walls;
The inner and outer walls are connected to each other by releasing every second block from the inner wall into the outer one. The release size should be equal to half the length of the block.

Having familiarized ourselves with the basic requirements, let’s move on to the technology of laying walls from building blocks.

Wall laying technology

After laying, the position of the block is adjusted with a rubber mallet.

The laying of walls made of expanded clay concrete blocks is no different from brickwork, however, it is performed much faster, easier and more convenient. The only differences are that when laying walls from building blocks, the vertical joints are also filled with mortar, and the reinforcement of the masonry is done not with a mesh, but with 8-10 mm reinforcement. Masonry seam– 12 mm.

The technology for laying blocks of lightweight expanded clay concrete is convenient and simple. This does not even require special skills or engineering developments. Construction does not require large time and financial costs, special skills and serious experience. Big sizes building blocks simplify the work and reduce the possibility of making mistakes when performing masonry. Excellent for the construction of small structures and buildings.

For laying expanded clay concrete blocks, you can use the same mortar that is used for brickwork. It is allowed to use additives that increase strength, taking into account the intended purpose of the structure and climatic conditions.

Walls made of expanded clay concrete blocks can be insulated after the masonry is completed, using oilcloth or siding. You can also build insulation between the blocks during the construction of walls.

The first row of blocks is laid on the waterproofing layer.

To increase the rigidity of the building, in every third horizontal row it is necessary to place two metal rods with a diameter of 3-5 mm or a special metal mesh. Longitudinal reinforcement of the masonry increases the safety of the structure. Window and door openings are reinforced with U-blocks made of concrete and reinforcement.

Thickness of seams between building blocks should be 6-7 mm. In case of adding special glue, a thickness of up to 3 mm is allowed. As the thickness of the mortar between building blocks increases, the strength of the masonry will be lost. Too thin layer mortar will not provide the necessary strength for bonding the blocks. If the seams are filled completely and evenly, this method of laying is called “pressing”.

Pay attention to the plasticity of the solution. Typically, it is a mixture of cement, sand and water. In a strong bond, the proportion of cement and sand is maintained at 1:3, 1:4 is allowed. Special plasticizer additives increase the plasticity of the mortar.

The first row of expanded clay concrete blocks is laid on the surface of the plinth using a mortar of cement, sand and lime. And only from the second row it is allowed to use special glue. The blocks are securely and firmly fixed with a rubber hammer.

If you plan to plaster the walls, the blocks are laid using the “hollow” method: the seams along the edges are not filled with 5-8 mm of binder, and if the surface is front, then they are filled completely. The blocks have smooth edges and regular geometric shape, due to which a smooth surface is formed even without leveling with plaster.

First of all, the corners are formed using building level. The laying of blocks begins with a butt row of the outer mile. Building mixture applied under several expanded clay blocks at once. The first block is slightly pressed into the solution and leveled along all planes. Before laying the next block of lightweight expanded clay concrete, you also need to apply a solution to its end part. When laying, the block is pressed against the base and against the previous block. Laying the next row begins from the place where the previous row ended, not forgetting about bandaging the vertical seams.

The surface of modern expanded clay concrete building blocks is compatible with most finishing methods. They can be faced with decorative tiles or bricks, or plastered. It is possible to finish the internal surfaces of walls using the “dry” and “wet” methods. Sometimes different methods are combined to reduce heat losses and increase energy efficiency.

They are used in the construction of external walls, soundproofing partitions, filling frames in reinforced concrete housing construction, construction of agricultural buildings and utility rooms, in the field of creating decorative elements. Expanded clay concrete masonry is an excellent base for further finishing. It has good thermal insulation, frost resistance and can be easily processed.

To work you will need:

building level;
rubber hammer weighing up to 1 kg;
roulette;
square;
jointing;
ordering with marks every 200 mm;
mooring cord;
grinding machine with a wheel 230 mm in diameter;
trowel with a rectangular platform;
reinforcement or reinforced mesh;
container for stirring the solution.

A solution or special glue can be used as a binding component. When laying expanded clay concrete blocks, the consumption of mortar is much less than when laying brick, since one block replaces 7 ceramic bricks.

If ordinary cement mortar is made, then 1 part of cement is mixed with 3 parts of quarry sand. River sand makes the solution too elastic. You can increase the plasticity of the mixture using a special plasticizer. To prevent the sand from settling to the bottom, the mixture must be stirred periodically.

If cement glue is used, per 1 cu. m, about 40 kg of dry mixture is consumed. It is diluted with water according to the instructions.

Before starting masonry, the surface is leveled. To install waterproofing, two layers of roofing material are laid on the base. A layer of mortar with the addition of lime no more than 30 mm is placed on top of the insulation. Glue can be used only starting from the second row.

Do-it-yourself masonry

Laying expanded clay concrete blocks is somewhat similar to how children assemble a LEGO-type construction set. Since the size of the blocks is much larger than that of bricks, and the weight is significantly less, the laying process does not take much effort and time.

How to lay expanded clay blocks correctly

Construction of the wall starts from the corner. First, the first row is completely built. Wherein internal partitions are done simultaneously with external ones. So that at the end of the block included in external wall, there were no cold bridges; it was separated by a foam rectangle 50 mm thick. After completing the first row, you need to make sure with a level that the surface is level.

The video will tell you how to lay corners from expanded clay blocks:

The block laying technology is as follows:

using a new block, the solution is smoothed out to create a uniform layer;
the block is pushed towards the edge of the adjacent block, leaving a gap of 5 cm;
the block is applied to the place where it should lie, so that a little glue or cement mortar forms in the vertical seam;
The block is fixed with a rubber hammer.

The thickness of the seam should not be more than 6-7 mm. If special glue is added to the solution, a seam thickness of about 3 mm is allowed. If the seams are too thick, the masonry will lose its strength. At the same time, if the layer of mortar is too thin, the blocks will not be fastened securely enough.

The correct seam must be completed before the mortar hardens.

There are the following types of seams:

undercut;
empty
embroidered convex;
embroidered concave.

If the wall is subsequently plastered, the blocks are laid “empty”. This means that at the edges the seams are not filled by 5-8 mm. If the wall is facing, the seams are usually made “undercut”, completely filling them.

In addition, to increase the thermal capacity of the building, the blocks can be laid in two rows. Thanks to this, the thickness of the wall increases, and after insulating the house from the outside, it will not be afraid of any frost. The only disadvantage of this installation is the increased consumption of blocks and the total cost of work.

In the video - laying a wall of expanded clay concrete blocks with your own hands

Masonry reinforcement

To prevent the walls from collapsing under the weight of the roof, you need to fill the armored belt. Reinforcement is done using reinforcement about 10 mm in diameter or reinforced (masonry) mesh. It should be done every 2-3 rows. The mesh or reinforcement is placed on the top row in grooves, a solution is applied on top and another row of blocks is made.

Longitudinal reinforcement makes it possible to increase the safety of a structure to the required level. Do not forget about the need to bandage the spoon and butt rows. Window and door openings are reinforced using U-shaped blocks of concrete and reinforcement.

Attaching the Mauerlat to the blocks

The masonry of the walls is completed with U-shaped blocks, which are used to create a reinforced concrete belt. This belt is used to attach the Mauerlat to expanded clay concrete. Mauerlat – wooden beam, which is attached to the walls to evenly distribute the load from the roof material, snow and wind.

IN upper blocks install every 1.6-2 m threaded rods. Their height should exceed the cross-section of the beam by 4-6 cm. Holes are made in the beams for the studs and the Mauerlat is attached, pulling it to the walls with nuts and washers.

Insulation and wall finishing

It is necessary to insulate the wall immediately after laying. For this purpose, sheathing with siding or oilcloth is used. Another option is to build insulating material between the blocks during the construction process.

Expanded clay concrete masonry does not provide sufficient ventilation. Its arrangement should be taken care of in advance.

You can finish expanded clay concrete walls using a variety of materials. They lend themselves well to plastering, facing with bricks or tiles. Since blocks have correct form, there is no need to level them with plaster.

To reduce heat loss, you can create a ventilated façade. The inside of the surface can be finished using a “dry” or “wet” method; how exactly to plaster the walls made of expanded clay blocks must be decided depending on the purpose of the building and your financial capabilities.

Methods for laying blocks

How to make a particular masonry depends on the type of material. For example, if masonry is made from insulated blocks, there is no need to perform additional thermal insulation. Typically, such blocks have a decorative side, which facilitates the finishing process.

Laying of expanded clay concrete blocks can be carried out different ways. The choice of a specific method is determined by the thickness of the walls, the purpose of the room and the material used for finishing.

When constructing a warehouse, garage or other utility room. The wall is laid with a thickness the width of the block (approximately 200 mm). The inside of the wall is plastered, and the outside is insulated with a layer mineral wool, polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam 100 mm thick.
When building a bathhouse or other small structure. The wall is erected as thick as the width of the block, and the blocks are tied together. Finishing from the inside and outside is carried out in the same way as in the first option, but the insulation layer is about 50 mm.
During the construction of a country house. The walls are made with interlocking blocks, with voids between them. The thickness of the masonry is 600 mm. Insulation is placed in the voids, and the inside of the wall is plastered.
When constructing buildings in areas with cold climates. For execution outer wall two thin partitions are made parallel to each other. They are connected using reinforcement. The gap between the partitions is filled insulation material. Both sides of the wall are plastered. This option is the most difficult, but differs the most high level thermal protection.

Advantages of masonry using expanded clay blocks

How much does laying expanded clay block cost?

Standard wall blocks have parameters of 390*190*188 mm, blocks for installing partitions – 390*190*90 mm.

For masonry 1 cubic. m of wall, 65 standard blocks are used. Material consumption per 1 cubic meter m of masonry is equal to 0.075 cubic meters. m, including:

cement - about 15 kg;
sand – about 45 kg;
water – 10-15 liters.

To calculate the number of blocks per masonry, you can use online calculators building materials.

The average cost of masonry made of expanded clay blocks is about 2,300 rubles. for 1 cubic m. To build a wall of the same area from bricks, you will have to spend from 5 to 6 thousand rubles. Laying foam concrete will also cost a little more - about 2,700 rubles. for 1 cubic m.

Thus, expanded clay concrete is a material that is affordable and easy to install. Among its advantages are low concrete consumption, low weight (blocks are half the weight of bricks), ease of installation (one block is equal in area to seven bricks). It is easy to store and transport. Therefore it is becoming more and more common.

Quite often during the construction of any country house masonry of expanded clay concrete blocks is used. This material has become very popular recently.

What is expanded clay concrete

On this moment Expanded clay concrete is a modern building material.

The material consists of several ingredients: sand, expanded clay, concrete and water.
Also during the production process, various substances are added to compact the structure of the composition and increase its strength.
Standard size The material is quite large and measures 39x19x20 cm.
Thanks to these parameters, laying expanded clay concrete blocks is quick and easy.

Properties:

Lightweight, since the main filler is expanded clay.
It has excellent sound and heat insulation properties.
Durable and reliable.
There are several options for laying it.
Expanded clay concrete is not afraid of moisture.
It has a porous structure, which is dense and cannot be exposed to weather and climatic conditions.
It does not burn or deform when exposed to high temperatures.
Withstands heavy loads. For this reason, walls made of this material will bear almost any load from the roof structure.

Types of masonry of expanded clay blocks

Methods for laying expanded clay concrete blocks are varied. There are three main methods:

0.5 blocks.
In 1 block.
In 2 blocks.
In 3 blocks.

More details:

Masonry of expanded clay concrete blocks is carried out along a block width of 20 cm. At the same time, the inner surface of the material is plastered. External side the block gets off insulating materials. For this reason, it is worth considering finishing when planning the foundation for a building.
The second method of laying blocks lengthwise. All elements of the masonry are tied together using a “checkerboard masonry”. It is also worth considering that the structure is being insulated, but this thickness makes it possible to carry it out using thinner materials in mats or sheets.
Expanded clay concrete blocks, masonry of 60 cm walls is carried out only with bandaging of all blocks. In this way, the structure is strengthened. At the same time, insulation and insulation of walls can be carried out inside the masonry. This will make it possible to complete the walls without additional insulation and insulation work.

It is worth considering that there is different kinds masonry of expanded clay concrete blocks.
There is such a way: laying in two walls.
That is, two parallel walls are being erected.
They must be bandaged reinforcement mesh or simple metal rods.
A ventilation gap is created between the walls, which contributes to more high-quality insulation buildings.

Insulating and insulating materials can be placed between the walls.
In this case, the external and internal surfaces of the walls of the building are made of plaster.
A solution of this product is able to reliably fill all the pores and holes of the material and thereby protect the structure from destruction.

For the construction of walls made of expanded clay concrete blocks, the video will help you complete all the work processes.

The method of constructing parallel walls is used quite often in regions with cold climatic conditions.

Types of expanded clay block masonryvarious, as well as different types of seams:

Concave.
Convex.
Undercut.
Wasteful.

Before making masonry from expanded clay blocks, you need to determine what the work is being done with.

Technology of laying expanded clay concrete blocksimplies the use of:

A solution that is prepared independently.
Factory produced solution.

It is worth considering that the solution consumption is taken into account per 1 m3 in the calculation of 40 kg.

The tools you will need for laying expanded clay blocks are:

Ordering with labels.
A mooring cord, which is installed at the corners of the building and along which walls are erected.
Grinder with a cutting wheel of at least 230 mm.
Tape measure and square.
Building level.
Trowel and heavy construction hammer.

The laying of such material can actually be done with your own hands. There are simply some recommendations and rules that must be followed during the work process.

Stages of work:

Immediately on the base of the structure (foundation), surface preparation work is carried out.
They consist of applying a layer of concrete mortar to the surface of the foundation.
Its thickness should be at least 3 cm.
After this, layers of insulating material are applied to the concrete layer.
They can be used as roofing material, which is coated with bitumen mastic during the flooring process.
Ruberoid is laid not in one layer, but in two or three layers.

All internal walls are laid out parallel to the external structures. At the same time, the walls are tied together.

In some cases, masonry reinforcement is performed:

All work of this type is carried out at the corners of the building.
This will add strength to the structure.
Reinforcement of the first and second rows of expanded clay blocks is also carried out.
Be sure to perform reinforcement when installing lintels (windows and doors).

Carrying out such work is mandatory for massive buildings.

Expanded clay concrete is highly popular due to the fact that the price of the material is quite affordable, and you can make it yourself using special equipment.

What are ceramic blocks

The technology for laying ceramic blocks is quite diverse. In order to understand its types, it is worth determining what they are ceramic blocks.

Characteristics and features of the material:

Ceramic blocks are a building material that is highly environmentally friendly.
They are made from clay dough.
During the production process, the material is exposed to high temperatures.
This increases the strength and reliability of the material.

Properties of ceramic blocks:

Durability - the life of the material is at least 50-80 years.
Practicality - placing blocks is quite simple.
This material does not require additional finishing, as it has an attractive appearance.
This will make it possible to save on the construction of the foundation for the building and on the cladding.
The blocks are not afraid of exposure to both high and low temperature conditions.
They are not affected sun rays and throughout the entire period of operation do not change their external design.
The blocks have pores and for this reason they are also called porous.

The most practical blocks in construction are those that have the following dimensions:

38x25x21.9 cm.
44x25x21.9 cm.

In terms of their external design, ceramic blocks have a similar appearance to facing bricks and for this reason they are often used not for construction, but for finishing.

Laying ceramic blocks , which are used for construction and similar cladding.

There are blocks:

Standard.
Large format.

The laying of large-format ceramic blocks is carried out in accordance with the requirements and rules for performing such work. There are different types of masonry.

Types of masonry of ceramic blocks

The technology for laying ceramic blocks is quite diverse:

The most standard is 0.5 block masonry.
Laying 1 block or more will be more expensive.
Work on the installation of such material is carried out only when there is a positive temperature conditions. It should be at least +5 degrees.

Whatever the masonry of ceramic blocks, it is not recommended to build high-rise buildings from this material.

Be sure to bandage each element during the laying process. The video of laying ceramic blocks shows all the work.

During the construction of the wall, a mesh is used to lay ceramic blocks.