When we use the future perfect. Temporal markers that often occur in the future perfect

Future perfect tense used to express an action that will take place at a certain point in the future.

• She will have cleaned the entire house by the time he gets home. She will clean the whole house for his return.
• They will have finished their course by the end of May. They will complete the course by the end of May.

Education time

The future perfect tense is formed using an auxiliary verb will have +V3(3rd form of the semantic verb (see table of irregular verbs)). If the semantic verb is correct, an ending is added to it -ed.

• By the time I finish this course, I will have taken five tests. When I finish this course I will write 5 tests.

NB! To form an affirmative form of a sentence, it is possible to use an auxiliary verb shall have for 1st person (I, we - I, we). Using will be for the 1st person is not a mistake!

Negative sentence formed with an auxiliary verb will not have(shall not have) (won’t/shan’t - shortened forms)+ V3.

• I shall not have finished this test by 2 o'clock. I won't finish the test by 2 o'clock.
• She will not have graduated from university by next year. She won't graduate by next year.

For education interrogative sentence the verb comes first in the sentence will/shall + pronoun (subject) + have + semantic verb in the third form (V3). If an interrogative sentence begins with a question word (What? Who? When? Why? Which? Whose?), then the verb will/shall takes second place in the sentence, the pronoun takes third place, etc.

• Shall I have finished this test by 2 o'clock? Will I finish the test by 2 o'clock?
• Will you have graduated from university by next year? Will you graduate by next year?

Signal words (time markers, cue words)

• by - before, to;
• by then - by that time;
• by the time - by time (by the moment);
• after - after;
• before - before;
• until - not yet (in negative sentences), etc.

The Future Perfect Tense. Exercises The Future Perfect Continuous Tense (Future perfect long time). Use and education of time The Future Simple Tense. Use and education of time

The future perfect tense in English is used to make educated guesses about what will happen. These predictions are based on what we know now and the activities we expect to complete by a certain time. This article tells you in what cases you can use the Future Perfect tense, as well as its rules of formation. As usual, at the beginning of the article we suggest looking not only at the Russian transcription, but also at the English one - [Future perfect] - [ˈfjuːʧə ˈpɜːfɪkt].

Many people have certain ambitions and plans. Many people plan to achieve their goals by a certain time in the future. Of course, you are no exception. Perhaps your goal is to learn English this year? By the end of this article, you will definitely understand that this is not a scary time, as many people think.

Education Future Perfect

This tense is constructed using the auxiliary verbs will and have, the semantic verb is in the third form, that is, in Past Participle or Participle II.

Formula: subject + will + have + (past participle)- Subject - subject

It doesn't matter whether your subject in the sentence is singular or plural. The formula does not change.

Future Perfect Sentence Examples:

—I will have learned Italian by the end of this year – I will learn Italian by the end of this year.
— By my 50th birthday, I will have traveled around the world – For my 50th birthday, I will be traveling around the world.
— They will have been in Rotterdam for sixteen years by the time I arrive - By the time I arrive they will have been in Rotterdam for sixteen years.
— I'm afraid that she won't have found the solution by that time tomorrow – I’m afraid she won’t find a solution by tomorrow.

In colloquial speech we usually shorten by I'll've and you'll've. And we all get one sound together.

Pronunciation of the abbreviated form with transcription:

I'll've- /aɪləv/
You'll've- /jʊələv/ or /ju:ləv/ (depending on accent)
He'll've- /hɪələv/ or /hi:ləv/ (depending on accent)
She'll've- /ʃɪələv/ or /ʃi:ləv/ (depending on accent)
It'll've- /ɪtələv/
We'll've- /wɪələv/ or /wi:ləv/ (depending on the accent)
They'll've- /ðeɪləv/

Future Perfect sentence forms

You can find out in this section how sentences are constructed in the Future Perfect. Tables with examples will help reinforce this rule forever.

Affirmative sentences Future Perfect - Positive Sentences

In order to correctly construct a statement, carefully study the table, which clearly describes the sequence of words.

Negative sentences Future Perfect- Negative Sentences

The construction of negative sentences remains the same as it was. Particle not comes after auxiliary verb. Remember that you can always use the shortened form.

Interrogative sentences Future Perfect – Question Sentences

To form Future Perfect interrogative sentences, use the following formula: Will/Won't + Subject + have + Past Participle.
Full interrogative-negative form: Will they don't have found….?

Now that you are no longer concerned about the question “How is the Future Perfect formed,” let’s move on to the next point.

Future Perfect usage

• 1. We use the Future Perfect Simple for actions that will be completed before a certain time in the future.

Examples:

- They' ll have finished building the house by tomorrow afternoon - They will finish building the house by tomorrow.
—We' ll have made the decision by Tuesday - We will make a decision by Tuesday.
—Ron will have written his third novel by the end of September – Ron will write his third novel by the end of September.
— Tomorrow George will have been single for a month - Tomorrow George will have been single for one month.

The future perfect tense is often used with prepositions by or in:

-He' ll have saved enough money to buy a car by Christmas – He will save enough money to buy a car by Christmas.
— In December, I' ll have worked here for 4 years – In December I will work here for 4 years.

Note:by, not…until/till are used with the future perfect tense. But until/till are used only in negative sentences.

—We won't have built the shed until Monday.

One more point, expressions “…from now”, “in…time” can be used instead in.

Examples:

- It's possible that ten years from now, I’ll have lived in England - Perhaps in ten years I will live in England.
- It's likely that in seventy years’ time, researchers will have found a cure for cancer - It is likely that in seventy years, researchers will find a cure for cancer.

• 2. You may find it strange to use the future form to talk about the past.
  Remember, the Future Perfect tense is based on what you know now - so it is actually the present form. When we speak, we cannot say with 100% certainty what will happen in the future. We also don't know everything that happened in the past. The Future Perfect is used when we express expectations that something is likely to have happened.

Examples:

— Joe will certainly have got to Cambridge by now. It takes 30 minutes – Joe must have reached Cambridge. The journey takes only 30 minutes. (I don't know if he made it to Cambridge, I'm guessing he is there).
—She' ll probably have noticed that her husband cheats on her - She probably noticed that her husband was cheating on her.

In such cases, sentences in Russian will be translated with the words “should be”, “probably”, “possibly”.

• 3. Sometimes we can use the future perfect and equivalently.
  In these two sentences below there is no difference in meaning because the word before makes the sequence of events clear:

-I' ll arrive before they get there. I' ll have arrived before they get there.

But without prepositions like by the time or before that make the sequence of events clear, you need to use the future perfect to show what happened first.

Let's look at examples:

— At 10 o’clock I’ ll leave- This means that I will wait until ten o'clock and then leave.
— At 10 o’clock I’ ll have left“That means I’ll be gone before ten o’clock.”

• 4. The future perfect tense can also be used in conditional sentences with if.

Examples:

— If we don’t hurry up, they’ll have eaten all the food when we get there – If we don’t hurry, they will eat all the food when we get there.
-I' ll have finished painting the roof within three hours if it doesn’t rain – I will finish painting the roof within three hours if it doesn’t rain.

When not to use Future Perfect

The future perfect tense is used only for actions that will be completed before a certain point in the future. In other words, the action you are talking about must have a deadline. If you don't mention a date, use the simple future tense instead of the future perfect tense.

Right: I'll leave.

Wrong: I'll have left .

Remember that sometimes it is impossible to understand what the intended meaning of a sentence is without word markers.

Word markers (time indicators) Future Perfect

The use of signal words in the future perfect tense is necessary, since without them you may remain misunderstood.

· By … (by tomorrow, by next week, by the end of the year, etc.)
· By this time … (by this time tomorrow, by this time next week, etc.)
· In… (in 2 weeks, in 5 years, etc.)
· When/Before…

Examples with words satellites:

— I'll have got my visa by the end of the week– I will receive my visa by the end of the week.
— Jessica will have completed her Master’s Degree by September Jessica will receive her master's degree by September.
— By the time you receive this letter I’ll have finished my final exam - By the time you receive this letter, I will have passed my final exam.
— I hope we’ll have recovered by 11 o'clock“I hope we’ll be better by 11 o’clock.”
— He'll have repaired TV by 8 o'clock tomorrow He will have repaired the TV by eight o'clock tomorrow.

Now is the time to relax a little and watch the video. In this video you will practice listening and pick up new and interesting words for yourself.

Modal verbs with Future Perfect

Please note that in English it can be used instead of the auxiliary verb will in the future perfect tense.

Modal verbs show how confident the speaker is in the proposition he or she is making.

Compare offers in Future Perfect:

- By this time next year, I'll have passed my examination – By this time in next year I will pass the exam. (I'm quite confident that I will pass the exam)
- By this time next year, I should have passed my examination. (Pretty sure)
- By this time next year, I may have
- By this time next year, I might have passed my examination. (Not sure)

Difference between Future Continuous Future Perfect

In fact, the differences between these two times are obvious and cannot be confused. To check this, let's look at the rules and look at examples.

The Future Perfect will have been’ tells us that at some point in the future an action will be performed.

For example:

By 10 am tomorrow I’ ll have done yoga – Tomorrow at 10 am I will do yoga.

Exercise 1. Underline the future perfect tense in the sentences below and translate into Russian.

1. Our parents will have arrived at the hotel by now.

2. By the time Lucy gets home, I’ll have made tea.

3. By this time tomorrow, we’ll have seen the game.

4. By lunch he’ll have smoked a packet of cigarettes.

5. My dad will have retired by the year 2019.

6. I won’t have learned my lessons before mother arrives.

7. By this time next month we’ll have been together for 15 years.

8. They’ll have typed all the documents by now.

9. The film won’t probably have finished until midnight.

10. They’ll have cleaned the living room before the party.

Exercise 2. Translate sentences from Russian into English.

Now try to translate sentences from Russian into English and be sure to leave your results with us in the comments to the article.

1. By 2020, all the snow on the top of Mount Kilimanjaro will melt.

2. She will sew a patch on my jeans by evening.

3. By 2090, I will save about a million dollars.

4. They will demolish this old building by noon tomorrow.

5. We will prepare the documents by next Friday.

6. Sam and Laura will move into their own new house by this time tomorrow.

7. By the time you finish dinner, I will have finished dessert.

8. When my father arrives, I will be ready to go out for twenty minutes.

9. The party will end at midnight.

10. When I go to Italy, I will visit ten countries.

The future perfect tense is far from the most common tense form of expressing future events in English speech, since the scope of its use is quite narrow and specific. The predicate used in the Future Perfect form helps to express the fact that by a certain moment in the future the action will be completed, over. Consider the following example:

The example given shows a time gap between one action in the future ( we get to the cinema/we'll go to the cinema) and others ( the film will have started / the film will already begin). As can be judged from the given context, Future Perfect Tense serves to denote precedence in the future, it is a kind of “past in the future.” Well, now let's talk about everything in order.

Affirmative sentence

In order to understand the principle of the formation of sentences with a predicate in the future perfect tense, it is enough to know the features of the formation of tenses and, since this form combines elements of these two tense forms: auxiliary verb will and perfect infinitive (Infinitive Perfect) – haveV 3(where V 3 is the third form of the semantic verb or, in other words, the past participle).

will haveV 3

Negation

To form a negative sentence with a predicate in the Future Perfect, you need to add the negative particle not to the auxiliary verb will. This will result in the following construction as a result of merging and abbreviating words:

won't have V 3

Questions

Various types of questions in the future perfect tense are formed, as in other tense forms, due to the base general issue. General question, which is characterized by the absence of a question word and the need to answer Yes/No, is formed by setting the verb will before the subject.

Special question It is distinguished by the presence at the very beginning of the sentence of a question word or interrogative construction, for example:

Alternative question containing a conjunction or/or, placed between two or more choice objects, is constructed identically to the structure of a general question, for example:

Question to the subject as a type of special question, it is distinguished by the apparent absence of the subject itself in the structure of the question, because the subject here is expressed by a question word Who (who)/What (what) , For example:

As can be judged from the last example, What can appear not only in the meaning of “what”, but also in the meaning of “which” in combination with a noun or a phrase containing a noun. Such a question will also belong to the group of questions to the subject.

Separated question, which usually helps to doubt the content of a certain sentence, consists of an auxiliary verb in the form won't And subject represented by a personal pronoun , if the base sentence does not contain a negation, for example:

and an auxiliary verb in the affirmative form will followed by a subject expressed by a pronoun if the base sentence contains a negation, for example:

Use

An action that will be completed completely by a certain point in time in the future or before the start of another action in the future - this is the only scope of application of the Future Perfect. Often such a limitation of one action in the future by another later action is indicated by the preposition by (to, to), by the time (by the time), before (before) , For example:

The future perfect tense, to some extent, is opposed to the future continuous (Future Continuous), which can be seen in the following table:

The future perfect tense is not very actively and variedly represented in sentences in English speech, but it is quite simple to form and use.

One of the most difficult tenses in English for a Russian-speaking person is the Future Perfect Continuous Tense. This is due to the fact that there is simply no analogue of the future perfect continuous in Russian. In the Future Perfect Continuous we are always talking about two actions in the future, one of which will begin earlier, but will continue at the time the other occurs. In Russian, this time corresponds to phrases like: “I will have been working on this project for three hours by the time my colleague returns” or “At night I will have already been asleep for two hours when your plane lands.” Of course, Russian people sometimes think in this way, but in general it is not very common for us to compare two actions in the future. However, native English speakers do not refer to this time too often.

In fact, making friends with the Future Perfect Continuous is not at all difficult. After all, there are very few cases of using this tense in English. All you have to do is remember the scheme for constructing sentences with the future perfect continuous. A, which are quite easily recognizable and often intuitive, will help to accurately determine that we are talking about exactly this tense.

In what cases is the Future Perfect Continuous used?

As we have already said, there are very few situations in which we turn to the Future Perfect Continuous, and to be precise, only two:

1. If we are talking about continuous actions, the duration of which is indicated at a certain point in the future. For example, By the time of his birthday they have been dating for 5 years. - By his birthday they will have been dating for 5 years.
2. If a long-term action that began earlier will cause a subsequent action in the future. For example, She will be tired when she gets home because she will have been traveling for over 24 hours. - She will be tired when she returns home, because by that time she will have been on the road for more than 24 hours.

It is also important to understand here that if subordinate clause in a statement with the Future Perfect Continuous there is a conjunction when (when), then we turn not to the Future Simple, but to the Present Simple:

When I finish(not I"ll finish) my work she will have been sleeping for over an hour. - When I finish my work, she will have been sleeping for over an hour.

How are sentences constructed in the future perfect continuous tense?

Future Perfect Continuous from the point of view of grammar is a fusion of three tenses: future simple (Future Simple), perfect (Perfect) and simple continuous (Continuous). Therefore, elements of all three of the above English tenses will participate in the formation of this temporary structure. From the future Future Perfect Continuous takes the auxiliary verb will, from the perfect - have been, and from the continuous - the ing form of the semantic verb. We can also say that we get the future perfect continuous tense by adding the auxiliary verb to be in the form Future Perfect (will have been) to the semantic verb with ending ing. From here we derive a simple formula for constructing an affirmative sentence in the Future Perfect Continuous:

Subject + will have been + semantic verb ending in ing.

Johnny will have been studying for 3 hours by the time she arrives. - Johnny will have been studying for 3 hours by the time she arrives.

By the end of the year Jane will have been teaching us for 5 years. - By the end of the year, Jane will have been teaching us for 5 years.

By the time she gets here, we will have been working for 12 hours. - By the time she gets here, we will have been working for 12 hours.

At the same time, in most often act as adverbs of time and are placed both at the beginning and at the end of a sentence.

The question is constructed by rearranging the subject and the auxiliary verb will:

Question word (if present) + will + subject + have been + Ving?

Will they have been eating cake for 15 minutes by the time you bring them coffee? - Will they have been eating the cake for 15 minutes by the time you bring them coffee?

Will I have been feeling better by the time the exams start? - Will I feel better by the time the exams start?

Will I have been working for 5 hours when he finds us? - I’ll have been working for 5 hours already, when will he find us?

In order to express any negative thought, you will need to place the negative particle not (in the abbreviated version won"t) between will and have been:

Subject + will + not + have been + Ving.

By the end of the year Kate will not have been studying Spanish for 3 years. - By the end of this year, Kate will not have studied Spanish for three years.

By the time you bring them coffee they will not have been eating cake for 15 minutes. - By the time you bring them coffee, they won’t eat the cake for 15 minutes.

We won't have been living here for 5 years by next June. - We will not have lived here for 5 years by next June.

Future Perfect Continuous: markers

Future Perfect Continuous markers- these are most often whole phrases, that is, quite cumbersome constructions, although there are also individual words. It is not difficult to remember the indicators of the future perfect continuous tense. In fact, the list of markers of this time includes a couple of words and several similar constructions.

Time indicators Future Perfect Continuous. List

• Till and until (not yet).I will have been watching TV until you come. - I'll watch TV until you come.
• for 2 (3, 4, 5...) hours (for/already 2, 3, 4, 5... hours).When you arrive, Julia will have been working for 5 hours. - When you arrive, Julia will have been working for 5 hours.
• for 2 (3, 4, 5...) weeks (for/already 2, 3, 4, 5... weeks).By the end of the summer the workers will have been constructing this swimming pool for 3 weeks. - By the end of summer, workers will have been building the pool for 3 weeks.
• for a year (2, 3, 4... years) - during the year (2, 3, 4 years).By the end of the year they will not have been dating for 2 years. By the end of the year, they will not have dated for 2 years.
• by the end of the hour (by the end of the hour).By the end of the hour she will have been waiting for him for 30 minutes. - By the end of the hour she will have been waiting for him for 30 minutes.
• by the end of the morning/evening (by the end of the morning/evening).By the end of the morning I will have been waiting for more than 3 hours. - By the end of the morning I will have been waiting for more than 3 hours.
• by the end of the day (by the end of the day).By the end of the day my mother will have been cooking for 5 hours. - By the end of the day, my mother will have been cooking for 5 hours.
• by the end of the month (by the end of the month).By the end of the month I will have been studying English for 10 days. - By the end of the month I will be learning English for 10 days.
• by the end of the year (by the end of the year).By the end of the year John will have been working there for 10 month. - By the end of the year, John will have been working there for 10 months.

It turns out that to identify Future Perfect Continuous is helped by indicator words till/until and phrases starting with the prepositions for and by. That is, if the statement says that by the end of a certain period or/and during a certain time interval actions will take place, then most likely we are talking about the future perfect continuous tense.

Examples with Future Perfect Continuous

In order to get used to the peculiarities of this time, it is recommended to read as much as possible and compose sentences on your own. To begin with, you can take ready-made examples, adapting them to your life situations. When buildingFuture Perfect Continuous indicator wordsextremely important. Without them, the sentence of the future perfect continuous will be incomplete. We can turn to this time to describe both ordinary situations related to work, study, leisure, and to predict some important events from the world of science and art that will happen in the future. Here are some more example sentences with the Future Perfect Continuous:

1. Betsy won't have been living in London for five years next summer. - By next summer, Betsy won't have lived in London for five years.
2. By 10 o"clock Jacky will have been writing the article for 3 hours non-stop. - By 10 o'clock Jacky will have been writing the article for three hours non-stop.
3. They won't have been waiting for more than 3 hours when their train finally arrives. - They won't wait more than 3 hours when their train finally arrives.
4. By the end of the month my aunt will have been living with her husband for 10 years. - By the end of the month, my aunt will have been living with her husband for 10 years.
5. Next week this American scientist will have been studying the human brain for 5 years. - Next week it will be 5 years since this American scientist has been studying the human brain.
6. For how many years will James have been taking part in the Film Festival in Moscow by that time? - How many years will James take part in the film festival in Moscow by then?
7. When my parents come home my brother will have been talking to his friend for 3 hours. - When my parents come home, my brother will talk to his friend for 3 hours.
8. How long will you have been talking to your friend when the film starts? - How long will you talk to your friend when the movie starts?
9. She won"t have been listening to music for 2 hours when you come. - She won’t listen to music for 2 hours when you come.
10. By the end of the year people will not have been living on the moon for a year. - By the end of the year, people will not live on the moon for a year.
11. By July I will have been studying English for five months. - By July I will have been studying English for five months.
12. He will have been working at that company for 5 years when it finally closes. - He will work for this company for 5 years when it finally closes.

In addition to the above-mentioned time markers starting with the words by the end, the preposition for, as well as the conjunction when (when), in the presented examples you can also notice the followingFuture Perfect Continuous tense indicators, such as the adjective next, which is generally characteristic of the future.

It is important to understand that some sentences in the Future Perfect Continuous may sound ridiculous when translated literally into Russian. A Russian-speaking person is unlikely to say that by the end of this month his aunt will have been married to his uncle for 10 years. After all, this same idea can be formulated much more simply by saying that at the end of the month it is the relatives’ wedding anniversary. This is why translating phrases with the Future Perfect Continuous can sometimes cause some difficulties. To avoid this, it is important to understand in what cases this tense is used.

Future perfect is the future tense for productive pre-activity ahead. It denotes future events before another future, considering the past from the future - what will already happen. As an analogue of the present perfect, it seems to look back, but from the future.

The pre-future is formed by the future be+ perfect infinitive. Pre-future negation - will/shall not/ won't/shan't before have.

I’ll have finished – II'll finish

Pre-future values

• future results

Youwillonlyhavelearnedafewwords – You will learn only a few words

She'llhavegonetowork – She will already leave for work

I'llhavefinishedthisbookbytomorrow – I will finish this book by tomorrow

I’ll have told him the news by the time you get here – KyoursarrivalII'll tell youto himnews

The match will have finished by then – Kthattimematchalreadywill end

The film will already have started by the time we get to the cinema – KourarrivalVcinemashowalreadywill begin

She will have delivered all the newspapers by 8 o’clock – Shewill blow apartAllnewspapersTo8 o'clock

• future preprocesses

We’ll have lived here for 2 years in January – BJanuaryWewe willliveHere2 years

Next year they will have been married for 25 years – BnextyearTheywill celebrate25th anniversarymarriage

I will have been in London for 6 months by the time I leave – KotimedepartureII'll stayVLondonalreadysix months

They will not have slept for a long time – Theyfor a long timeNotfall asleep

Temporaryindication

• conjunctions/prepositions

by (then, the time…), for, before, when, until/till(negative)

She will have finished the report by tomorrow – Shewill finishreportTotomorrowday

She won’t have completed the report till 5 o’clock – Shewill completereportNotearlier 5

By next November, I will have received my promotion – KNovemberto meshinespromotion

Willshe has learned enough Chinese to communicate before she moves to Beijing? - Sheenoughwill learncolloquialChinesebeforemovingVBeijing?

By the time I finish this course, I will have taken 10 tests – Kthe endcourseII'll write10 control

The project will have been completed before the deadline – ProjectwillcompletedToextremedeadline

When you arrive, the train will have left – Kyoursarrivaltrainalreadywill leave

I will have arrived at the office by 8 – II'll comeVofficeTo8 o'clock

She won’t be at home at 9 o’clock – she’ll have gone to work – B9 herNotwillHouses- shewillalreadyonwork

I don’t think I’ll have finished these exercises by 3 o’clock – I’m afraid, to meNotfinishtheseexercisesTo3 o'clock

They’ll have had breakfast before we come – KourarrivalTheyhave breakfast

He won’t have written 3 books by next year – HeNotwill write3 booksTonextyear

We’ll have had dinner by this time – KthattimeWealreadylet's have dinner

Willyou have perfected your English by the time you come back from the US? - Yousharpen itmineEnglishToreturnfromUSA?

Where will she have gone? - AWhereshewill get away?

We will have broken for lunch by 12:30 – Welet's go toondinnerTo 12:30

Jack will have finished his homework by the time his mother gets home – Jackwill finishhomeworkToarrivalmoms

She will have gotten ready by the time they leave the house – Sheget readycotimedeparturefromHouses

Laura will have cleaned out the apartment before she gives back the key – BeforesurrenderkeyLaurawill cleanapartment

By the time I get home, Zoe will have cooked dinner for us two – By the time I arrive, Zoe will have cooked dinner for us two

English Joke

Two ladies in a car disputed concerning the window, and at last called the conductor as referee.

"If this window is open," one declared, "I shall catch cold, and will probably die."

"If the window is shut," the other announced, "I shall certainly suffocate." The two glared at each other.

The conductor was at a loss, but he welcomed the words of a man with a red nose who sat near. These were:

“First, open the window, conductor. That will kill one. Next, shut it down. That will kill the other. Then we can have peace."