Water-based acrylic paint technical specifications. Types of water-based paint for interior work

Water-based paint is a film-forming material on water based with an emulsion of polymer components - polyvinyl acetate, styrene-butadiene, polyacrylate and others. It has excellent performance properties, environmental friendliness and fire safety.

Water-emulsion (water-dispersed) film formers

Emulsion is a two-phase system of immiscible liquids, one of which is continuous, and the second forms a dispersed phase in the form of small inclusions. It is a type of dispersion.

Polymer dispersions are divided into:

• primary or synthetic;
• secondary or artificial.

The former are obtained by polymerizing monomers directly in liquid. The second is by dispersing the finished polymer into the liquid phase. Depending on the state of aggregation of the finished polymer, synthetic dispersions are divided into:

• emulsions;
• suspensions.

Emulsions are formed when using a finished polymer in a liquid state or in the form of a solution of a film former in an organic solvent. Suspensions are formed when using solid oligomers, polymers or ready-made powder paints; have limited use.

Emulsion polymerization is used in chemical industry, including for the production of emulsion polymers, for example, synthetic rubbers and polyvinyl chloride. It can be either aqueous or non-aqueous. In turn, monomers can be either “hard” (vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate) or “soft” (butyl acrylate), or gaseous (ethylene, vinylidene chloride). Conventionally, “hard” and “soft” polymers are divided based on mechanical characteristics the resulting film. Emulsion polymerization is widely used in paint and varnish production.

How coatings based on aqueous dispersions are formed

A film of aqueous emulsion is formed by its coagulation on the surface to be painted as a result of removing water from a fairly thin layer of emulsion. With an increase in the volumetric content of the dispersed phase during the disappearance of water, a gel-like structure is formed, while the globules “fit” into the most compact structures. Subsequently, the globules come closer together with corresponding deformation and an increase in interphase boundaries. Under a microscope, the resulting structure resembles a honeycomb.

Film formation ends with the disappearance of the physical boundaries between parts of the polymer components due to diffusion through the interglobular space of macromolecular segments, which occurs only with segmental mobility of molecules. Typically, this mobility is achieved at temperatures above the glass transition temperature of the polymer. If this condition is not met under standard conditions, the segmental mobility of the polymer particles is increased with the help of various additives of solvents (coalescents), plasticizers and softeners.

The ability of aqueous emulsions to form a film is characterized minimum temperature film formation (FTP), which for most water-dispersed materials is at least 5 °C.

Rheological properties

The viscosity of the dispersion medium is so low that the rheological properties of emulsion paints depend not so much on the type and properties of the polymer component, but on its concentration.

The rheological properties are largely influenced by the particle size of the polymer component. The gel-like structure with small particles has low shear viscosity and high thixotropy, respectively, the paint is easy to apply, but brush marks remain due to poor spreadability. Emulsions with large particles form too liquid paints, prone to the formation of smudges.

In general, the viscosity of paint depends on the aqueous medium and is easily adjusted with water-soluble thickeners. The size and shape of pigments and fillers affect fluidity to a lesser extent.

Water-based paint: composition, types of copolymers

The main components of water-dispersion paints and varnishes:

• film formers;
• pigments;
• fillers;
• functional additives:
  • wetting agents (surfactants);
  • pigment stabilizers;
  • plasticizers and coalescing solvents;
  • acidity regulators, buffer additives;
  • defoamers;
  • stabilizers during defrosting/freezing.

Surfactants provide:

• conditions for polymerization of monomers;
• stabilization of the resulting polymer particles.

Anionic and nonionic surfactants are commonly used in emulsion polymerization. During the coating formation process, it is possible for surfactants to interfere with the coalescence of polymer particles.

Coalescing additives and plasticizers ensure the mobility of molecules during film formation. Unlike plasticizers, coalescing additives evaporate from the film during its formation and initial period of operation, without affecting physical and mechanical properties coverings. In practice, plasticizers and coalescing additives are used together.

Despite the fact that dispersions can be obtained from almost any polymer materials, in the paint and varnish industry the following are mainly used:

• polyvinyl acetate and its copolymers;
• styrene-butadiene copolymers;
• acrylic copolymers.

Polyvinyl acetate emulsions

They were first used in the paint and varnish industry. At room temperature, polyvinyl acetate is a fairly “hard” polymer. The necessary flexibility of the film is ensured by plasticization:

• external - solvent plasticizers.
• internal - copolymerization.

The use of solvent plasticizers is not economically profitable; the resulting films are not stable enough, most of Solvents are lost during film operation. Increasing the performance properties of the resulting film through the use of complex mixtures of several plasticizers is ineffective.

To obtain copolymers, esters of acrylic, fumaric and maleic acids, as well as higher vinyl esters, are mainly used. Copolymerization increases the degree of dispersion of polymers, which reduces the water absorption of the film, reduces the tendency to migrate organic pigments, and increases the possibility of increasing the content of these pigments in the paint.

Styrene-butadiene copolymers

They became famous during the Second World War as a synthetic rubber and have the elasticity and stickiness characteristic of elastomers. To increase the hardness and durability of the film, the styrene content in the copolymer is increased to 50...60%.

Styrene-butadiene copolymers are less susceptible to emulsification, are inferior in durability and weather resistance to polyvinyl acetate and polyacrylates, and are used exclusively indoors.

Acrylic water-based paint

The high price of acrylic monomers is due to significant production costs and limits the mass use of acrylic paints and varnishes. Where possible, high-quality coatings can be obtained using acrylic copolymers

superior to polyvinyl acetate and styrene-butadione. Films based on polyacrylates have high weather resistance, good water resistance, and are resistant to ultraviolet radiation. Ease of copolymerization of acrylic monomers with various types monomers and polymers determines ample opportunities regulation of technological, operational and special properties of the resulting film. The most commonly used is copolymerization with styrene.

A typical representative of high-quality acrylic water-based paint is “VEAK 1180”. It is distinguished by high technological and operational properties. Can be used for both outdoor and interior work. Easily tinted. Apply by brush, roller or spray gun.

Water-based paint: application, technical characteristics

By area of ​​application they are divided into:

1. Soils.
2. Facade.
3. For interior work.
4. Special.

Soils are used to strengthen the substrate, level out its defects and increase the adhesion of the painted surface. Protect coatings from the effects of aggressive components of the cement substrate, especially recently manufactured ones. They can be either pigmented or non-pigmented. Soils must have the following technical characteristics:

• good penetrating ability;
• formation of a film with acceptable strength properties;
• ability to provide excellent adhesion;
• resistance to hydrolysis and electrolytic processes;
• resistance to water.

Facade water-based paints and varnishes must be resistant to:

• temperature changes;
• ultraviolet radiation;
• the influence of water and chemicals contained in the atmosphere;
• abrasion;
• exposure to microorganisms (mold, lichens and algae).

Facade coatings must be stable during operation, low water absorption with good vapor permeability. Exterior paints use sun-resistant pigments and fillers. In this case, the weather resistance of the coating may depend more on the quality of the pigment than on the type of dispersion.

More mild conditions the use of paints and varnishes for interior work allows the use of copolymers as film formers various types, including styrene acrylic, vinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetate and polyethylene high pressure. There are no serious water resistance requirements for coatings. The use of paints with a low copolymer content and a high filler content allows optimizing the price-quality ratio.

Coatings for interior work are characterized by the following properties:

• good hiding power;
• ease of painting, absence of defects;
• use for both walls and ceilings;
• plasticity, resistance to cracking;
• good compatibility with tinting pastes;
• Resistant to brushing and rinsing.

Special water-based paints and varnishes are used to produce fire-resistant coatings, for bathrooms or floors, for painting metal, wallpaper and other materials.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of water-based paints and varnishes:

• high performance properties of the coating;
• good adhesion to the painted surface;
• economical consumption;
• possibility of painting wet surfaces or at high air humidity;
• savings on irretrievably lost organic solvents;
• harmlessness of use;
• fire safety;
• manufacturability of coating;
• short drying time;
• receiving different colors do it yourself using color;
• ease of maintenance of the working tool.

Water-based paint is probably one of the “youngest” paint and varnish products, but in the most short time has gained popularity among consumers. This is due to a number of positive properties that are actively used by professionals and home craftsmen who decorate premises after renovation. This is an excellent material for interior work, in particular for painting walls. When purchasing such a product, you should definitely pay attention to the properties and consumer qualities of the product.

Water-based paint is probably one of the “youngest” paint and varnish products

Characteristics of water-based wall paints

The main technical characteristics of water-based paint are:

• composition, which, in addition to the main component, contains various fillers, thickeners, antiseptics;
• material consumption per sq. surface meter;
• viscosity, which determines the ratio of paint and water in the mixture;
• specific gravity, amounting to 1.35kg/l;
• storage conditions;
• best before date.

This amazing substance, where the main solvent is water, has several types that are successfully used for painting ceilings and walls indoors. IN big family water-based emulsions, the properties of which are directly related to the characteristics of the polymer included in their composition, the most commonly used are the following.

An amazing substance where the main solvent is water

Types of water-based paint	Main components	Features, properties
Acrylic	Acrylic resin with latex additive	Increased moisture resistance Used to coat wood, metal, glass surfaces, brick and concrete
Silicone	Silicone resin	The best - for interior work Has antiseptic properties: prevents the formation of mold and fungi
Mineral	Cement and slaked lime	Accepts the addition of color well Excellent adhesion to concrete and brick walls Short-lived
Silicate	Liquid glass and color pigments	High air and vapor permeability Durable
Polyvinyl acetate		Easy to clean from dirt and grease Resistant to non-aggressive chemicals, burnout

In addition, the product has several brightness levels:

• matte;
• glossy;
• semi-matte;
• semi-gloss.

Water-based paint is quite in demand for several other indicators. It is non-toxic and does not contain components harmful to health, that is, it is an environmentally friendly product. It dries on the surface in two to three hours to a day (maximum) and does not have a specific unpleasant odor.

The paint is non-toxic and does not contain components harmful to health

With such a wide range of advantages of the material for painting walls with water-based paint, it is impossible to remain silent about the few disadvantages that have been identified when using it:

• Painting work can be carried out at a temperature not lower than +5°C;
• relatively short service life.

Decorative properties of colorful coatings

This paint and varnish product is presented on the market both in a basic white version and in various options colors. You can also get the desired color or shade by adding the desired color to the base paint. This provides ample opportunities for a variety of design solutions.

It is especially interesting to use water-based emulsion when decorating:

• children's and playrooms;
• premises of children's preschool and general education institutions;
• children's hospitals and clinics.

Painting walls with water-based paint allows you to give a special flavor to these objects and create various designs directly on the walls, making the room bright, cheerful, and interesting for children and adults. Funny images lift your spirits, relieve feelings of fear and tension, and distract from unpleasant thoughts.

Its use here is justified by the fact that the coating is environmentally friendly and does not emit toxic substances into the air, and is easy to maintain.

Painting walls with water-based paint allows you to give a special flavor to these objects

Which water-based emulsion to choose for walls

The selection of paint depends on the place of its application. It is used for painting walls and ceilings, and it must be selected taking into account the technical characteristics and parameters that are characteristic of a certain type of product.

When purchasing it, you need to consider which room will be painted.

1. If the room is small and dark, it is better to use light warm colors that will visually enlarge the space:

• yellow,
• cream;
• apricot;
• pale pink;
• coffee;
• light green and others.

1. IN large rooms with very high ceilings it is necessary to create an atmosphere of comfort or at least a more pleasant environment that visually reduces this huge non-residential space. In this case, more muted tones in shades would be most appropriate:

• blue;
• green;
• purple.

The blue color will create a cozy atmosphere in the room.

• red is a strong irritant;
• brown and bright purple contribute to depression.

It is worth noting that a seemingly pleasant bright blue color will also be distracting and irritating to the nervous system.

1. In children's and game rooms To paint walls with water-based paint, you need to choose pastel colors for the main background. On this surface you can then create fairy-tale and cartoon paintings and images of their heroes. It is worth considering that they should not be made with glossy paints, which give glare in bright sun or artificial light, and can cause Negative influence on the state of vision of children.

In children's rooms it is better to use bed colors

How much will you have to spend on the material?

To understand what the actual paint costs will be, you will have to make some calculations, taking into account:

• area of ​​the room to be painted;
• layout;
• features of the staining procedure;
• quality and proportions of the solution;
• volumes of containers in which paint is sold;
• the need to purchase tools and additional materials.

It is also important to decide how many layers of paint are supposed to be applied to the surface of the walls, whether a primer will be used, and how it will be applied.

It is worth considering that the results of the work and the amount of money spent will also depend on the quality of the work performed: if the primer or paint is applied unevenly, additional layers will have to be applied, which will increase the consumption of materials and lead to additional financial costs.

But even if the calculations are carried out correctly, it is worth having a small supply of materials in case it is necessary to correct detected defects.

It is worth considering that the results of the work and the amount of money spent will also depend on the quality of the work performed.

Preparing walls for painting

To get a high-quality wall painting result that will last for several years, you need to prepare the wall accordingly. For this:

• remove traces of old coating;
• if necessary, plaster, level the surface, putty cracks, scratches, eliminate chips, wash the walls;
• treat with primer.

In order for the coating to be of high quality and sufficiently durable, the surface must be completely dry before applying paint.

To prevent the paint from cracking and to last a long time, you should carefully prepare the wall

Ways to remove old paint

Preparation for painting is directly related to freeing the surface from the old paint coating. It can be removed in different ways, depending on the thickness of the coating and the strength of its connection to the wall.

1. The easiest way to remove PVA-based polyvinyl acetate water-based emulsion. Considering that water-based paint has water as its main component, removing the old coating is possible using a sponge and soap solution.
2. Acrylic paint, which is more resistant to water and detergent solutions, can be removed using tools: it is cleaned off with a spatula or a grinder.
3. The masters also speak positively about quite the original way removal old paint using newspapers. They are placed on the area to be cleaned using glue, which is prepared from starch with the consistency of thick sour cream, or you can use ready-made glue. After complete drying, the newspapers will be removed with a spatula along with the old paint.
4. The used coating can be removed using a chisel. True, this process is quite long and tedious, after which you may have to plaster and prime the entire surface of the wall.
5. Another way to remove old paint is to anneal it using a hair dryer, after which you can clear it section by section with a spatula. It is most suitable for removing acrylic water-based emulsion.
6. You can clean the wall surface for painting using a ready-made chemical remover. It helps to destroy the structure of the old paintwork.

There are several ways to clean and prepare a wall for painting.

How to mix color with paint?

If you decide to give the paint a certain color, it is not difficult to do this, but haste and inattention are inappropriate here. To obtain desired color and evenly distribute the pigment throughout the entire volume of the mixture, you need to perform several steps:

• carefully read the instructions for using paint and the procedure for forming the required color;
• first dilute the mixture in small volumes, mix well until smooth and paint over small area cardboard, let dry well.

This simple manipulation will help you understand whether the desired shade is chosen correctly.

Attention! Please note that after drying the color will be slightly darker.

If you decide to give the paint a certain color, it is not difficult to do this, but haste and inattention are inappropriate here

Technology of painting walls with water-based paint

The rules for applying a water-based coating to a prepared surface are not complicated; It is important to follow them and complete the procedure without haste. The procedure for painting walls with water-based paint is as follows:

• a primer is applied to the prepared, leveled wall surface in one or two layers;
• allow the coating to dry completely;
• apply the first layer of ready-made or diluted with the desired shade of water-based paint;
• Allow to dry and determine whether a second or subsequent coats are necessary.

The final result can only be seen after the paint has completely dried.

The final color of the wall will be clear after the paint has completely dried. It is worth remembering that each subsequent layer enhances the color saturation and its depth.

Advice. To get a high-quality result of painting the wall and the required color, it is necessary to create natural conditions for the coating to dry. Do not turn on the fan or create drafts in order to achieve speedy drying. This is not necessary, given that even without “external violence” this paint dries quite quickly. In addition, “artificial wind” can bring particles of dust or dirt onto a freshly painted surface, and the work will be ruined.

To get a high-quality result of painting the wall and the required color, it is necessary to create natural conditions for the coating to dry.

Painting tool

To cover walls with water-based paint, traditional tools are used, which are well known not only to professional painters, but also to home craftsmen. To carry out the work you will need:

• paint brushes of different sizes;
• sponges;
• paint rollers.

It would be great if someone can acquire a spray gun or a professional spray gun at the time of painting: they will not only speed up and make the work easier, but will also allow you to get a smooth surface with the same degree of painting. However, it is worth noting that such a result is only possible if you have experience working with this equipment, which is not at all difficult to master. To do this, you need to be patient and be extremely careful, just like when performing any other work.

The spray gun is also convenient if you need to paint large areas of walls - it allows you to cope with the work with less significant effort.

The spray gun is also convenient if you need to paint large areas of walls

Brushes will be needed to apply paint in corners and in places where it is impossible to “walk” with a roller, and where the jet of a spray gun cannot reach. In addition, experts recommend painting the perimeter of the wall first, and this should be done with a brush. If desired or if there are no other tools for painting, you can complete the work with a wide brush, the size of which is from ten to twelve and a half millimeters.

It should be immersed in paint no more than a third, otherwise the loss of paint material will be increased: the paint will flow down the surface of the brush and drip onto the floor. You need to paint in short strokes, starting to apply paint from the top of the wall, gradually moving down.

Video: Painting walls with water-based paint

Video: What is water-based paint

Modern renovation or construction works it is difficult to imagine without the use of water-based paints, which are currently one of the most popular types paint and varnish materials. But even before the middle of the 20th century, little was known about these paints and it was necessary to use oil and enamel paints that were harmful and inconvenient to use and store. Now they have been replaced by water-based paints, which are intended for both interior painting and exterior painting of buildings and structures. These paints fit perfectly on almost any surface, including brick, concrete, wood, and plaster. At the same time, the painted surface acquires an attractive and neat appearance, which is characteristic of other paints and varnishes. bad smell absent.

Anyone who has already tried or is just planning to use water-based paints will find it useful to know a few interesting facts about the composition of these paints, the types and characteristics of the polymers used, their performance characteristics and recommendations for use. Information about the history of the creation of water-based paints will also be no less interesting and useful.

History of the creation of water-dispersion paints

The first scientific research in the field of creating high-pressure paints dates back to the beginning of the 20th century, when the famous German chemist Fritz Klatte discovered polyvinyl acetate, better known as PVA glue. It was PVA, or rather its dispersion, that became the basis for water-dispersed paints, which appeared already in the 20s. Later, a second type of dispersion was developed in Germany - butadiene-styrene.

However, the development of this industry was significantly slowed down by a series of world wars. When the passions of war subsided, and the need arose to rebuild and restore destroyed cities, work on the creation of water-dispersion paints resumed. And by the end of the 40s, acrylic paints were developed, which were originally intended for artists and were produced in small tubes. These paints, unlike modern acrylic ones, were dissolved not with water, but with white spirit or turpentine. But already in 1960, the American artist Leonard Boku created the first water-soluble acrylic paint, thanks to which its scope of application expanded significantly.

IN THE USSR water-dispersion paints based on styrene butadiene and acrylic did not appear on store shelves until the 90s, when they first began to be imported from abroad. Soviet industry was limited only to release polyvinyl acetate paints, which were used for industrial needs. Therefore, with the advent of acrylic water-emulsion paints on the market of paints and varnishes, manufacturers and consumers faced a difficult task - to learn how to properly produce and use these products.

Composition and characteristics of the main components of water-based paint

In the general case, the composition of water-based paint includes tiny particles of polymers that are suspended in aquatic environment. Manufacturers add a variety of substances to this base, which determine the specific brand and properties of the paint. For example, thickeners, antiseptics, dispersants and plasticizers, as well as antifreeze, defoamers and other additives can be added to paints.

The final ratio of the various components will depend mainly on the purpose of the water-based paint. The film-forming agent in the paint may be polyvinyl acetate, butadiene styrene, styrene acrylate, acrylate or versatate. Since the paint is initially white, a white pigment is specially introduced - zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. For inexpensive paints, chalk can be used, which additionally serves as a filler. Barite, calcite, talc, and mica are used for the same purpose, but more often the filler is made complex by adding several minerals at once. To give the paint the desired consistency, a special thickener is added. Most often, CMC glue - carboxymethylcellulose - is used for this purpose. This entire complex system of various paint components is contained in a solvent, the role of which is played by demineralized water.

Depending on the brand of paint, the proportions of individual components also change. However, in general view the composition of water-based paint has the following percentages by weight: film former - 50% (aqueous dispersion 50-60%), pigments and fillers - 37%, plasticizers - 7%, other additives - 6%.

Characteristics of water-based paint depending on the type of film former

Five types of film formers can be used as a binding polymer in water-based paints, which largely determine the advantages and disadvantages of a particular type of paint.

Water-based paints based on polyvinyl acetate are considered to be of the lowest quality. Such paints are labeled “VD-VA” and have a very narrow scope of application. These paints are not used for domestic purposes during repairs or construction, since over time they turn yellow, and the painted surface is covered with a dense and opaque film. In addition, VD-VA paints are non-waterproof.

Unlike PVA-based paints, water-based styrene-butadiene paints are resistant to moisture, but also form a dense film and do not withstand exposure to sunlight. To mark these paints, the abbreviation “VD-KCH” is used.

Paints based on styrene acrylate are labeled “VD-AK”. These paints are significantly superior in quality to PVA and styrene-butadiene paints, which allows them to be applied to external and internal surfaces. Due to the small size of polymer particles, VD-AK paints have excellent adhesion to almost all types of surfaces, and the penetration of particles into the pores of the surface being painted increases strength. Such paints form a porous coating that is resistant to moisture and solar radiation.

Water-based paints "VD-AK" can also be made on the basis of acrylate. The cost of such paints is slightly higher than styrene-acrylate paints, but the acrylate coating is more resistant to weathering and provides better rigidity to the painted surface.
The latest development is “VD-AK” paints based on versatate. This polymer is not inferior in its quality characteristics to acrylic paints, but at the same time its cost is lower than acrylic polymer.

Water-based paints: production stages

The production technology of water-based paint includes 4 main stages:
. Combining an aqueous polymer dispersion with a pigment and filler;
. Dispersing pigment paste;
. Input of additional components;
. Filtration ready mixture and packaging.

During the dispersion process, fine grinding of liquid or solids. This method is used to produce aerosols, suspensions, powders and emulsions. This procedure is carried out in special dispersants - ball and bead mills. When the device operates in a vertical and horizontal working chamber, the components are crushed. This is achieved using a shaft with disks that accelerate metal beads (up to 4 mm in diameter) or steel balls (more than 30 mm in diameter). The greater the specific gravity and hardness of the balls, the more intense the dispersion occurs.

After dispersion, the resulting pigment mass is placed in a dissolver with a frame stirrer installed in it. Rotation of the mixer prevents sticky and thick components from settling on the bottom and walls of the dissolver. During this process, the paint composition is finally brought to standard quality characteristics. As a rule, each operation takes approximately 20-30 minutes, but this time may vary depending on the technical characteristics of the dispersant, dissolver, as well as the volume and characteristics of the mixture components.

The final stage is filtration and packaging of the finished paint. In this case, the entire production process must be carried out at a temperature not lower than +5°C so that the paint does not lose its properties.

Water-based paints: main advantages and disadvantages

Characteristics, and therefore positive and negative qualities water-based paints are determined by the type and amount of polymer binder. However, regardless of the type of film former, all water-based paints compare favorably with other paints and varnishes in that they are environmentally friendly and non-toxic. In addition, there is practically no smell when working with them. Water-based paints are easy to dilute with water, they are not flammable, and accidental drops can be easily removed with a damp cloth. The coating of water-based paints is strong, elastic and durable - without significant shedding or wear, the paint can last up to 15 years, and thanks to the ease of adding dyes, it can be tinted to the desired color yourself. Additional advantages of acrylic paints include resistance to moisture and ultraviolet radiation, as well as resistance to yellowing, which allows the coating to retain its original color and shine for a long time.
However, water-based paints also have their disadvantages. So, unlike oil and alkyd paints, storage and painting work with water-based paints is only possible if the air temperature is above +5°C. With more low temperatures The paint spreads unevenly and takes a long time to dry. The cost of water-based paints is higher than the price of alternative paints and varnishes, but here it is necessary to take into account that working with water-dispersion paints and cleaning stains is much easier and more enjoyable than with organic-based paints.

Choosing high-quality water-based paint

When choosing paint you should pay attention Special attention for the following points:

Scope of application - the type of water-dispersion paint will depend on the type of work for which the paint is purchased and under what conditions the painting will be carried out. There are paints for external and internal use, for wet and dry rooms.

Appearance - water-based paints can give a glossy, matte or silky finish. matte finish. Matte and silky-matte paints are better suited for ceilings and wallpaper, but they are not as wear-resistant as glossy surfaces.

Color - most often, water-dispersion paints are white. In this case, the color quality of the paint can be assessed by the degree of whiteness. If high-quality and expensive pigments were used in production, the paint will ultimately have an exclusively white color, without shades or streaks. The desired color can be given to the paint using special tints.

Covering power - the paint consumption, as well as the number of layers applied, will depend on this indicator. You can roughly estimate the hiding power by calculating the density of the paint. To do this, divide the mass by the volume of paint. On average, the density of high-quality paint should be 1.5 kg/l.

Marking - depending on the binder polymer, the paints are marked “VD-VA”, “VD-KCH” and “VD-AK”. After the letter designation there is a number that indicates the area of ​​application of the paint - “1” for external works and “2” for interior work.

Manufacturer and price - stores offer a wide range of water-dispersed paints from domestic and foreign manufacturers. It is better to trust your choice to those companies that have at least 3 years of experience in producing paints and have already earned the trust of consumers. The price of water-based paint depends, first of all, on the current price of the components. At the same time, you should not look for cheap options, since in this case there is a high probability of purchasing low-quality paint. You should focus on a price of at least 1 USD. per liter of paint.

Just like when working with others paint and varnish materials Before you start painting with water-based paint, you must carefully prepare the surface to be painted - clean it from dirt, dust and remnants of the previous paint. It is also advisable to smooth out surface unevenness with putty and then sand it.
When carrying out painting work in cold weather, the can of paint is first kept indoors for at least 24 hours, and then the can is opened and any films and inclusions are removed from the paint surface. It is better to immediately paint 10% more paint by volume than was previously calculated, since the actual consumption always exceeds that specified by the manufacturer, and it will not be possible to accurately tint the additional volume of paint.

If you first apply a layer of primer to the surface, then when painting you can significantly reduce the consumption of water-dispersed paint.

Most types of “wet” facades require a finishing coat.

This takes into account both the need for protection from atmospheric moisture and the need decorative covering often a nondescript finishing layer.

In addition, from time to time there is a need to refresh the external surface, update or change the color of the walls.

These issues can be resolved by applying a layer of façade paint.

The modern market offers many varieties facade materials produced on different bases.

Main types:

All types of facade finishing coatings can be used on almost any substrate:

The versatility of facade coatings makes them in demand and popular among homeowners, but the available variety sometimes makes it difficult to choose. Let's consider one of large groups— water-based facade paints.

Water-based facade paint is different from all others because ordinary water can be used as a diluent.

After drying, a regular film is formed, insoluble in water and fully meeting all the requirements for facade coatings:

• Moisture resistance.
• Vapor permeability.
• Elasticity.
• Resistance to sunlight, the ability to maintain its color throughout its entire service life.

After applying water-based facade compositions, a matte coating is obtained that has excellent aesthetic qualities - the surface does not reflect, existing irregularities(especially when using textured plaster) do not create a feeling of “ripples in the eyes”.

At the same time, the use of two or more colors for decoration relief surfaces gives mass interesting effects, possible only when using façade paint.

Elasticity and vapor permeability - important indicators . When shrinkage or seasonal movements of the soil occur, small cracks may appear; the quality of the paint film in this case helps reduce their number.

Vapor permeability helps remove water vapor from wall materials . The absence of this quality will “ban” the vapors inside the material and will cause peeling of the coating.

The sale of façade water-based coatings for exterior use is most often made in the form of a semi-finished product - the base white, in any desired shade.

This makes it possible to independently obtain the desired color and tone of the mixture, without wasting time on a long search for the desired option.

Water-based facade paints are produced on the same bases as any other types:

• Acrylic. The most common group of facade paints is made on the basis of acrylic resins with pigment additives. Most good combination prices and quality of acrylic facade paints have brought them to the forefront of finishing materials.
• Silicate. The basis of such paints is pigmented potash liquid glass, increasing the strength of the coating. It has excellent performance qualities and a long service life.
• Silicone. They have increased elasticity and have pronounced water-repellent properties. At the same time, silicone paints are the most expensive, so their use is not available to everyone. This circumstance reduces interest in the material, although in terms of durability and surface quality, such paints fully justify their price.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of water-based facade paint are:

• No pungent odors typical for paints during application.
• High vapor permeability of the coating.
• Simplicity and ease of application, the matte surface looks great even when applied by an untrained person.
• . Water-based compositions are several times more economical than other types.
• Long service life of the coating.

Disadvantages of water-based paints:

• Some color change after drying (often the white coating darkens a little).
• You can't work in bad weather- the paint will wash off in the rain.

Specifications

Technical characteristics are a kind of passport of a given composition, demonstrating its qualities and operating parameters. All samples of water-based coatings offered on the market have quite different specifications, which makes no sense to list.

Instead, let's look at the usual parameters, their meanings and what they mean:

• Binder. This is the basis of the material; it usually acts as a binder. acrylic, silicone or liquid glass. You should pay attention to the percentage composition; it is usually not indicated on the packaging of low-quality materials. The amount of film former for water-dispersed formulations should be 50-60%.
• Water permeability. An important parameter, usually on the label denoted by the letter W. The lower the W value, the less moisture the coating absorbs and the better it protects against water (for example, W = 0.05).
• Density. An indicator that gives an idea of ​​the hiding power of the material - ability to apply non-transparent coating in one go. High-quality paint has, on average, 1.5 kg/l.
• Area of ​​application, application conditions, etc.. All these parameters determine the most effective areas for using the material, the type of application and other technological aspects that ensure the most successful use.
• Price, manufacturer. This data helps you understand how well the paint corresponds to the declared qualities, since more reputable manufacturers sell the product more expensively, but fully guarantee the quality corresponds to the passport data. Certified products automatically have all the necessary parameters; it cannot be otherwise.

NOTE!

Compliance of the paint parameters with the declared values ​​cannot be verified in any way; you have to trust the data indicated on the label. By choosing certified products, we have the opportunity to significantly reduce the risk of purchasing low-quality material.

Main types and manufacturers

The production of facade water-based paints is widely developed both in our country and abroad.

From Russian manufacturers can be distinguished:

• Admiral.
• Eurolux.
• Halo.
• Galamix.

From foreign companies:

• Dulux.
• Beckers and many others.

Simply listing the manufacturers of facade water-based coatings will not achieve any benefit, especially since the range is constantly updated on the market and new companies appear representing their products.

Therefore, the most correct approach is to decide on the most suitable type of paint for the base, based on your conditions (the material of the house, the climate of the region and other features of the site) and select the most suitable option.

Paint consumption per 1 m2

Water-based paint is an economical material. Application consumption is much lower than other types of coatings, which does not reduce quality indicators. Depending on the type of base and the initial density of the paint, the consumption is:

• The first layer is 0.25-0.60 kg/sq.m.
• Second layer - 0.15-0.40 kg/sq.m.

The data is taken on average, the exact consumption should be found individually for each type of material on the packaging. Consumption, specified by the manufacturer, in practice is slightly higher, which is explained by the difference in conditions during testing in production and when working on site.

What surfaces is it suitable for?

Water-based paint Suitable for most surfaces except metal. The fact is that the presence of water causes corrosive processes, manifested by the appearance of red rust spots on the coating, which can ruin appearance walls. For metal parts appropriate materials should be selected.

Another limitation for water-based paints is plaster. The final water-based coating can be applied no earlier than 2 weeks after applying the plaster.(some experts call the larger interval a month).

This is due to the need to complete the crystallization of the plaster; alkali-containing substances and carbon dioxide actively participate in the process, so you must wait until the reaction is completed.

In general, facade water-based paints are suitable for finishing:

• Concrete walls.
• All types of plaster.
• Stone, brick.
• Wooden walls and structures.
• Previously painted surfaces.

Such a variety of possibilities gives reason to consider water-based façade coatings as universal finishing materials.

Technology of painting facades with water-based compositions

Facade water-based compositions are allowed in dry weather, at air temperature from +5°. It is considered that the most productive and in an economical way Application of the coating is the use of a spray gun. This method is good, but not available to everyone due to the lack of equipment at hand.

• The best option for painting yourself is to use a paint roller with soft sandpaper, which gives a smooth surface and sufficient application density.
• The use of brushes is acceptable, but for large areas They are not productive, so they are usually used to paint areas that are inaccessible to a roller, or that require great precision of stroke.
• The first layer is applied with a thicker composition, since it is required to cover the surface as much as possible, the second layer is more liquid, it is needed to level and fix the color.
• Allow at least 2 hours between coats, although experts recommend not to rush and apply the second layer every other day so as not to “undermine” the first layer.

NOTE!

Each type of coating has its own rules that must be studied before work to avoid mistakes.

Using water-based paints for exterior work is convenient and effective method home decoration.

No odor typical of ordinary painting work, a deep matte finish that gives the walls a pleasant “soft” look, ease of application, and the ability to perform all the necessary operations with your own hands are the reasons for the preferential attitude towards these materials.

Drops and streaks of paint can be washed off immediately plain water, which also increases the list beneficial properties façade water-based compositions.

In contact with

Water-based paint

Let's look at the characteristics of water-based paint. It is always difficult to imagine the renovation of premises without such a material as paint, which must be taken very seriously, since painting is a kind of result of all your construction or repair. We will not delve into antiquity, but only note that relatively recently, materials based on acetone, solvents (for enamel paint) and drying oil (for oil paints) were used for these purposes. Nowadays, water-based paints are increasingly being used, especially for interior work: water-dispersion and water-emulsion.

Composition of water-based paint

Composition of water-based paints

The composition of the paint includes small particles of various polymers, water, coloring pigments and various plasticizers, and all solid components do not dissolve in water, but are suspended. The supplements themselves do not contain harmful chemical elements, like solvents, therefore they do not emit unpleasant odors and are not toxic. During the painting process, water evaporates from the surface being treated, leaving tiny particles of the remaining fractions in the form polymer film. The film formers are acrylate, styrene acrylate, styrene butadiene and polyvinyl acetate, which divide the paint into several types:

• Acrylic paint, containing acrylic resins, which after drying create plastic film resistant to fading, abrasion and cracking.
• Part silicate paint includes liquid glass, which is dissolved in water. Although the coating treated with this paint has good breathability, it is poorly protected from moisture.
• Silicone paint is a creation of acrylic and silicate types by adding silicone resin to silicate paint. In addition to strength, the painted layer protects the processed material well from fungi.
• The presence of latex in paint makes possible surface wash frequently even with detergents. This type of paint is called latex.

Application of water-based paint

Method of painting a ceiling with water-based paint

Before applying paint, you must carefully prepare the surface by wiping it from dust, dirt and remnants of old paint. If there are uneven surfaces in the form of bumps and depressions, you need to level it with putty and then clean it with sandpaper. If the paint container has been in the cold, it must be kept in a warm room for 24 hours. In practice, paint consumption is usually 10 - 15% more than indicated in the instructions, so in order not to run to the store again later, you need to take this into account and buy paint with a reserve.

Water-based paint interacts well with materials such as fiberboard, chipboard, concrete and, in addition, it can be applied to the old layer oil paint. In turn, it is allowed to paint over the layer of water-based paint with any other paint.

Pros and cons of water-based paint

• all types of water-based paints are diluted with water, and therefore there is no toxic component when working with them;
• the coating layer withstands frequent wet cleaning;
• the surface painted with paint allows air to pass through, which allows the walls and ceiling to “breathe”;
• the quality of paint can be significantly improved by adding chalk or turpentine to it;
• it is allowed to apply water-based paint to a surface previously painted with other types of paint;
• relatively low cost;
• Easy to work with paint, quick drying, tools can be easily washed with water after work.

• a significant disadvantage of water-based paint is that it cannot be allowed to freeze, because it then loses all its qualities;
• Painting work can be carried out at a temperature not lower than + 5 ºС.