Young Guard history of creation. Commissioner of the Young Guard
is the largest youth organization in the country. Regional branches of the Young Guard operate in the vast majority of regions Russian Federation and unite about 170 thousand people.
Leaders of the organization:
Voronova Tatyana – Chairman of the Coordination Council of the MGER from 2005 to 2006, deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the fifth convocation, from 2010 to 2013 - member of the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation, from 2013 - Head of the Management Department domestic policy Administration of the President of the Russian Federation. On March 3, 2015, she was appointed head of the internal policy department of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation. On October 22, 2016, she was appointed head of the State Duma Staff.
Turchak Andrey – Youth policy coordinator of the United Russia Party from 2005 to 2008, from 2007 – Chairman of the MGER Coordination Council, from 2007 – member of the Federation Council from the Pskov region, 2009-2017. – Governor of the Pskov region, on October 12, 2017, he was appointed acting secretary of the General Council of the Party.
Borisov Alexander – from 2005 to 2009 – Head of the MGER Central Headquarters, Youth Policy Coordinator of the United Russia Party from 2008 to 2011, Chairman of the MGER Public Council from 2010 to 2011, since 2009 - member of the Federation Council from the Pskov region.
Orlova Nadezhda– from 2006 to 2008 – Chairman of the Political Council of the MGER, since 2011 – deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the fifth convocation.
Gattarov Ruslan – since 2005, head of the Chelyabinsk regional branch of MGER, Member of the Coordination Council of MGER from 2005 to 2008, Coordinator of MGER in the Urals Federal District, Chairman of the Political Council of MGER 2008-2010, since 2010 - member of the Federation Council from the Chelyabinsk region, since 2014 - vice -Governor of the Chelyabinsk region.
Fadeev Denis – from 2007 to 2011 - Deputy of the Saratov Regional Duma, Member of the MGER Coordination Council from 2008 to 2010, MGER Coordinator for the Volga Federal District, Chairman of the MGER Coordination Council from 2009-2010, since 2012 - Vice-Governor, Chief of Staff of the Governor of the Saratov Region.
Prokopenko Timur – from 2010 to 2012 - Chairman of the Coordination Council of the MGER, in 2011 elected to the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the sixth convocation, since 2012 - Deputy Head of the Internal Policy Department of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation.
Turov Artem – head of the Smolensk regional headquarters of MGER from 2006-2008, from 2008 to 2010 - member of the MGER Coordination Council, Coordinator for MGER Central Federal District, from 2008 to 2009 - Chairman of the MGER Coordination Council, from 2010 to 2012 - Co-Chairman of the MGER Coordination Council , since 2012 – Coordinator for youth policy of the United Russia party, Chairman of the Public Council of the MGER. In October 2015, a member of the MGER Coordination Council received a mandate as a deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation.
Arshinova Alena – from 2010 to 2012 - Co-chairman of the MGER Coordination Council, since 2012 - deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the sixth and seventh convocations.
Rudnev Maxim – since 2010 - member of the MGER Coordination Council, since 2012 - Chairman of the MGER Coordination Council, from 2014 to 2016 - head of the Central Executive Committee of the United Russia party, since 2016 - deputy head of the Central Executive Committee of the United Russia party.
Mazurevsky Konstantin – from 2011 to 2012 - head of the Central Headquarters of the MGER, since 2012 - first deputy head of the Central Election Commission of the United Russia party.
Stenyakina Ekaterina – head of the Rostov regional headquarters of MGER since 2008, since 2010 member of the MGER Coordination Council, MGER Coordinator for the Southern Federal District, from 2012 to 2014 - Co-Chairman of the MGER Coordination Council, since 2013 - deputy of the Legislative Assembly of the Rostov region.
Grachev Evgeniy – since 2011 - head of the Moscow city regional branch of MGER, since 2012 - head of the Central Headquarters of MGER, since 2013 - head of the department for work with public organizations Administration of the President of the Russian Federation.
Kvashin Dmitry – since 2008 - head of the Samara regional headquarters of MGER, since 2010 - member of the MGER Coordination Council, MGER Coordinator for the Volga Federal District, from 2013 to 2014 - head of the Central Headquarters of MGER.
Artemov Vladislav– from 2014 to 2015 – Head of the MGER Central Headquarters and member of the MGER Coordination Council.
Pospelov Sergey– since 2011 – head of the Moscow city regional branch of MGER, since 2013 – Co-chairman of the MGER Coordination Council, since 2014 – head Federal agency for Youth Affairs, from 10/07/2016 – First Deputy Chief of Staff of the State Duma.
Davydov Denis– since 2012 – head of the organizational department of the MGER Central Headquarters, since 2014 – Chairman of the MGER Coordination Council.
Demin Artem– from 2015 to 2016 – Head of the MGER Central Headquarters and member of the MGER Coordination Council.
Galkin Alexander– from 2014 to 2016 – co-chairman of the MGER Coordination Council.
Perepelov Sergey– since 2016 – acting head of the Central Headquarters of MGER. Since November 2016 – head of the Central School of MGER.
Brief history of the organization:
2005 year
The history of MGER began in 2005 - on November 15-16, the 1st Congress of the Young Guard took place in Voronezh United Russia", at which the governing body of the Organization determined the Coordination Council, consisting of coordinators for federal districts. The first leader of the Young Guard - the chairman of the Coordination Council - was Tatyana Voronova, who at that time was the coordinator for the Siberian Federal District.
2006
This year, the Second Congress of the “Young Guard of United Russia” was held, following which Andrei Turchak was elected head of the Organization. The federal volunteer project “I am a volunteer” was presented at the Congress. In addition, a Public Council was created, which brought together representatives of friendly youth organizations and public opinion leaders who support the goals and projects of the Organization.
In anticipation of the upcoming 2007 election campaign, by decision of the leadership of the United Russia Party, MGER receives a 20% quota for youth on party lists. In order to select the best representatives of youth for their subsequent nomination as candidates, the Organization is launching the “Politzavod” project. In total, in 2006, more than 2 thousand people from 24 constituent entities of the Russian Federation took part in the Young Guard program “Politzavod”.
2007
In 2007, Andrei Turchak became a member of the Federation Council from the Pskov region. This is the first federal-level government position held by a representative of the Young Guard.
MGER accepts Active participation in the elections to the State Duma in December 2007. As a result of the activities of the PolitZavod project, several dozen Young Guard members became deputies of various levels on the Party lists in the regions.
2008
The Third Congress of the Young Guard takes place in June. Elected at the Congress new line-up governing bodies. Ruslan Gattarov, who previously coordinated the work of the Ural Federal District, becomes the new leader of MGER in the status of head of the Political Council of MGER.
During the Congress, several priority programs and projects were highlighted, in particular: “I am a citizen” (patriotic and social direction) – coordinator Nadezhda Orlova; “Factory of Meanings” – coordinator Roman Romanov; “Youth Parliamentarism” - coordinator Alexey Shaposhnikov, as well as “Ecology”, “Furious Construction Team”, “My History” and others. The common unifying motto of the Young Guard is the call “Youth to Power,” which is reflected in the Organization’s Manifesto.
year 2009
In 2009, Young Guard Andrei Turchak was nominated by the President of the Russian Federation for the post of governor of the Pskov region. In the same year, Alexander Borisov, head of the Central Headquarters, became a member of the Federation Council from the same region.
In the summer of 2009, the first All-Russian youth political forum “Guard - 2020” was held in the Lipetsk region.
2010
In July 2010, in Nalchik, MGER organized the All-Russian Youth Political Forum “Caucasus - 2020”.
On December 22, 2010, the IV Congress of the Young Guard is held in Moscow under the motto “Evolution”. The Political Council of the Organization is abolished. The role of the highest political body returns to the Coordination Council. Timur Prokopenko is elected as the new leader of the Young Guard - Chairman of the Coordination Council. Artem Turov and Alena Arshinova become co-chairs.
The key projects of the Organization were: “I am a rescuer”, “Wi-Fi Epidemic”, “I am for fair elections”, “Accessible environment” and others.
2011
In 2011, on the birthday of the MGER, the Call of the Young Guard was presented, replacing the 2008 Manifesto. It indicates general principles activities of the Organization: business, audacity, trust, duty.
2011 is a pre-election year. In December there are elections to the State Duma, in March 2012 - elections for the President of Russia. These events are central to the activities of the Young Guard in this period. On April 27, MGER launched the “Youth Primaries 2011” and “I am a Deputy” project, aimed at promoting young candidates throughout the country.
As a result of the elections in December 2011, five Young Guards entered the State Duma: Chairman of the MGER Coordination Council Timur Prokopenko, members of the MGER Public Council Maria Kozhevnikova and Magomed Selimkhanov, as well as Vladimir Burmatov and Sergei Ten. 10 members of the Organization become deputies of the Legislative Assemblies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. In total, by the end of 2011, more than ten thousand Young Guard members became deputies at various levels. Later, in 2012, the list of Young Guard deputies in State Duma added by Alena Arshinova.
year 2012
In August 2012, the 5th Congress of the Young Guard was held at the site of the Federal Educational Forum MGER “Gvardeysk”. By the decision of the Congress, Maxim Rudnev becomes the Chairman of the Coordination Council. Ekaterina Stenyakina, previously coordinator for the Southern Federal District, is elected co-chair. Significantly updated personnel composition of the Coordination Council itself: the coordinators of seven out of eight are changing federal districts.
New MGER projects are also being approved: “Agents”, “Media Guard”, “I am a volunteer”, “School political leadership" and others.
In February 2012, the head of the Central Headquarters of the Young Guard, Konstantin Mazurevsky, moved to the position of First Deputy Head of the Central Election Commission of the United Russia Party. Evgeny Grachev became the head of the MGER Central Staff, who later went to work in the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation.
year 2013
In 2013, the Young Guard Congress approved the concept of the Organization’s development for the period until 2018. This is the first long-term strategic document that defines the goals and directions of the Organization’s activities beyond the two-year period of work of the Organization’s governing bodies. At the same time, Dmitry Kvashin became the head of the Central Headquarters. By the decision of the MGER Coordination Council in November 2013, the head of the Moscow regional branch of the Young Guard, Sergei Pospelov, was elected co-chairman of the MGER CC.
In November 2013, an educational forum for regional branches MGER, where the presentation of the new project “Heroes of Our Time” took place.
year 2014
In 2014, co-chairman of the Coordination Council of the Young Guard, Sergei Pospelov, became the head of the Federal Agency for Youth Affairs.
In July of the same year, Maxim Rudnev went to work at the Central Election Commission of the United Russia Party. Currently he is the deputy head of the Party's Central Executive Committee. Denis Davydov becomes the Chairman of the Young Guard Coordination Council.
On December 10, 2014, the VII Congress of MGER was held in Moscow, at which a new composition of the governing bodies of the Organization was elected. Denis Davydov was elected Chairman of the Constitutional Court, and Alexander Galkin became co-chairman of the Constitutional Court.
Since April 2014, young deputies have been systematically promoting legislative acts in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation prohibiting the sale of alcoholic beverages. energy drinks. Currently, the ban has been in effect since 56 Russian regions, in another 19 regions, relevant bills are being prepared for adoption.
2015
On the eve of the 70th anniversary Great Victory“Young Guard”, within the framework of the Federal project MGER “Heroes of our time”, initiated the collection of memories of veterans of the Great Patriotic War, which are included in the book " Veteran's Diary. The true story of war».
Within the framework of the Federal project "Municipal Deputy School" young candidates who participated in the election campaign were provided with advisory assistance. Educational lectures were organized for the participants from famous political strategists for more in-depth study fundamentals of conducting an election campaign, centralized legal and technological support was provided during the election campaign. In total, about four thousand young candidates from all over the country took part in the project.
According to the results Single voting day On September 13, 2015, two Young Guard members became deputies of the legislative assemblies of Russian constituent entities, 24 people became deputies of representative bodies of power of the administrative centers of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and municipalities– 1302 people.
In October 2015, based on the decision of the General Council of United Russia, the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation transferred the vacant mandate of a State Duma deputy to a member of the Coordination Council of the Young Guard, Artem Turov.
At the end of 2015, the MGER Coordination Council decided to reform the institution of the “Young Guard” federal districts - they were transformed into territorial groups.
During the Great Patriotic War, many underground organizations operated in the Soviet territories occupied by Germany and fought the Nazis. One of these organizations worked in Krasnodon. It consisted not of experienced military personnel, but of boys and girls who were barely 18 years old. The youngest member of the Young Guard at that time was only 14.
What did the Young Guard do?
Sergei Tyulenin started it all. After the city was occupied by German troops in July 1942, he single-handedly began collecting weapons for fighters, posting anti-fascist leaflets, helping the Red Army resist the enemy. A little later, he assembled a whole detachment, and already on September 30, 1942, the organization consisted of more than 50 people, led by the chief of staff, Ivan Zemnukhov.
Oleg Koshevoy, Ulyana Gromova, Ivan Turkenich and others also became members of the Komsomol group.
Young Guards carried out sabotage in the electromechanical workshops of the city. On the night of November 7, 1942, on the eve of the 25th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, the Young Guards hoisted eight red flags on the most tall buildings in the city of Krasnodon and its surrounding villages.
On the night of December 5-6, 1942, on the Constitution Day of the USSR, Young Guards set fire to the building of the German labor exchange (people dubbed it the “black exchange”), where lists of people (with addresses and completed work cards) intended for theft were kept. forced labor V Nazi Germany, thereby about two thousand young men and women from the Krasnodon region were saved from forcible deportation.
The Young Guards were also preparing to stage an armed uprising in Krasnodon in order to defeat the German garrison and join the advancing units of the Red Army. However, shortly before the planned uprising, the organization was discovered.
On January 1, 1943, three Young Guard members were arrested: Evgeny Moshkov, Viktor Tretyakevich and Ivan Zemnukhov - the fascists found themselves in the very heart of the organization.
On the same day, the remaining members of the headquarters urgently gathered and made a decision: all Young Guards should immediately leave the city, and the leaders should not spend the night at home that night. All underground workers were notified of the headquarters’ decision through liaison officers. One of them, who was a member of the group in the village of Pervomaika, Gennady Pocheptsov, upon learning about the arrests, chickened out and wrote a statement to the police about the existence underground organization.
Massacre
One of the jailers, the defector Lukyanov, who was later convicted, said: “There was a continuous groan in the police, as during the entire interrogation the arrested people were beaten. They lost consciousness, but they were brought to their senses and beaten again. At times it was terrible for me to watch this torment.”
They were shot in January 1943. 57 Young Guards. The Germans never obtained any “sincere confessions” from Krasnodon schoolchildren. This was perhaps the most powerful moment, for the sake of which the entire novel was written.
Viktor Tretyakevich - “the first traitor”
The Young Guards were arrested and sent to prison, where they were subjected to severe torture. Viktor Tretyakevich, the organization's commissioner, was treated with particular cruelty. His body was mutilated beyond recognition. Hence the rumors that it was Tretyakevich, unable to withstand the torture, who betrayed the rest of the guys. Trying to establish the identity of the traitor, the investigative authorities accepted this version. And only a few years later, on the basis of declassified documents, the traitor was identified; it turned out to be not Tretyakevich at all. However, at that time the charge against him was not dropped. This will happen only 16 years later, when the authorities arrest Vasily Podtynny, who participated in torture. During interrogation, he admitted that Tretyakevich had indeed been slandered. Despite the most severe torture, Tretyakevich stood firm and did not betray anyone. He was rehabilitated only in 1960, awarded a posthumous order.
However, at the same time, the Komsomol Central Committee adopted a very strange closed resolution: “There is no point in stirring up the history of the Young Guard, redoing it in accordance with some facts that have become known in the past.” Lately. We believe that it is inappropriate to revise the history of the Young Guard when appearing in the press, lectures, or reports. Fadeev's novel was published in our country in 22 languages and in 16 languages foreign countries... Millions of young men and women are and will be educated on the history of the Young Guard. Based on this, we believe that new facts that contradict the novel “The Young Guard” should not be made public.
Who is the traitor?
At the beginning of the 2000s, the Security Service of Ukraine for the Lugansk region declassified some materials on the Young Guard case. As it turned out, back in 1943, a certain Mikhail Kuleshov was detained by the army counterintelligence SMERSH. When the city was occupied by the Nazis, he offered them his cooperation and soon took up the position of field police investigator. It was Kuleshov who led the investigation into the Young Guard case. Judging by his testimony, the real reason for the failure of the underground was the betrayal of the Young Guard Georgy Pocheptsov. When the news arrived that three Young Guards had been arrested, Pocheptsov confessed everything to his stepfather, who worked closely with the German administration. He convinced him to confess to the police. During the first interrogations, he confirmed the authorship of the applicant and his affiliation with the underground Komsomol organization operating in Krasnodon, named the goals and objectives of the underground activities, and indicated the location of storage of weapons and ammunition hidden in the Gundorov mine N18.
As Kuleshov testified during an interrogation by SMERSH on March 15, 1943: “Pocheptsov said that he was indeed a member of an underground Komsomol organization existing in Krasnodon and its environs. He named the leaders of this organization, or rather, the city headquarters, namely: Tretyakevich, Lukashov, Zemnukhov, Safonov, Koshevoy. Pocheptsov named Tretyakevich as the head of the citywide organization. He himself was a member of the Pervomaisk organization, the leader of which was Anatoly Popov, and before that Glavan.” The next day, Pocheptsov was again taken to the police and interrogated. On the same day, he was confronted with Moshkov and Popov, whose interrogations were accompanied by brutal beatings and cruel torture. Pocheptsov confirmed his previous testimony and named all members of the organization known to him.
From January 5 to January 11, 1943, based on the denunciation and testimony of Pocheptsov, most of the Young Guards were arrested. This was shown by the former deputy chief of the Krasnodon police, V. Podtyny, who was arrested in 1959. The traitor himself was released and was not arrested until the liberation of Krasnodon by Soviet troops. Thus, the information of a secret nature that Pocheptsov had and which became known to the police turned out to be enough to eliminate the Komsomol-youth underground. This is how the organization was discovered, having existed for less than six months.
After the liberation of Krasnodon by the Red Army, Pocheptsov, Gromov (Pocheptsov’s stepfather) and Kuleshov were recognized as traitors to the Motherland and, according to the verdict of the USSR military tribunal, were shot on September 19, 1943. However, for an unknown reason, the public learned about the real traitors many years later.
Was there no betrayal?
At the end of the 1990s, one of the surviving Young Guard members, Vasily Levashov, in an interview with one of the well-known newspapers, said that the Germans got on the trail of the Young Guard by accident - due to poor conspiracy. There was supposedly no betrayal. At the end of December 1942, Young Guards robbed a truck loaded with Christmas gifts for the Germans. This was witnessed by a 12-year-old boy who received a pack of cigarettes from members of the organization for his silence. With these cigarettes, the boy fell into the hands of the police and told about the robbery of the car.
On January 1, 1943, three Young Guards who participated in the theft of Christmas gifts were arrested: Evgeny Moshkov, Viktor Tretyakevich and Ivan Zemnukhov. Without knowing it, the fascists found themselves in the very heart of the organization. During interrogations, the guys were silent, but during a search in Moshkov’s house, the Germans accidentally discovered a list of 70 members of the Young Guard. This list became the reason for mass arrests and torture.
It must be admitted that Levashov’s “revelations” have not yet been confirmed.
Elizaveta Starichenkova, Ruzanna Arushanyan, 9th grade students
The presentation is dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the creation of the underground organization “Young Guard” in the city of Krasnodon. It tells about the activities of the Young Guard during the Great Patriotic War, about the heroes of Krasnodon, about how we now preserve the memory of them...
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Dedicated to the heroes of Krasnodon... Completed by: Starichenkova E., Arushanyan R., 9th grade students of school 594, St. Petersburg
Let you die... But in the song of the brave and strong in spirit you will always be a living example, a proud call to freedom, to light! We sing a song to the madness of the brave!
“Young Guard” is an underground anti-fascist Komsomol organization that operated during the Great Patriotic War, mainly in the city of Krasnodon, Lugansk (Voroshilovgrad) region (Ukrainian SSR). It consisted of about 110 participants. Many of them have just finished school. The youngest was 14 years old. The members of the organization are called Young Guards.
Underground youth groups arose in Krasnodon immediately after its occupation by German troops. At the end of September 1942, underground youth groups united into the “Young Guard”, the name was proposed by Sergei Tyulenin. Ivan Turkenich became the commander of the organization.
"...I swear to take merciless revenge for the devastated cities and villages, for the blood of our people. If this revenge requires my life, I will give it without a moment of hesitation." Oath of the Young Guards
Activities of the Young Guard The Young Guard issued and distributed more than 5 thousand anti-fascist leaflets. Members of the organization destroyed enemy vehicles with soldiers, ammunition and fuel.
They set fire to the labor exchange building, where lists of people destined for deportation to Germany were kept, thereby saving about 2,000 people from being deported to Germany. They were preparing to stage an armed uprising in Krasnodon in order to defeat the German garrison and join the advancing units of the Soviet army.
Disclosure of the "Young Guard" The search for partisans intensified after the Young Guard carried out a daring raid on German cars with New Year's gifts that the underground wanted to use for their needs. G. Pocheptsov, who was a member of the Young Guard, and his stepfather V. Gromov reported on Komsomol members and communists known to them, while G. Pocheptsov reported the names of members of the Young Guard known to him. On January 5, 1943, the police began mass arrests, which continued until January 11.
The fate of the Young Guards B fascist dungeons The Young Guard bravely and steadfastly withstood the most severe torture. On January 15, 16 and 31, 1943, the Nazis dropped 71 people, some alive, some shot. into the pit of mine No. 5, 53 m deep.
E.N. Koshevaya with the surviving Young Guard members - Nina Ivantsova, Anatoly Lopukhov, Georgy Arutyunyants. 1947
Still from the film “Young Guard” Director Sergei Gerasimov
Young Guard members All were awarded the Order of the Red Banner, the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War”, 1st degree. They were awarded the title of Heroes Soviet Union posthumously.
Ivan Turkenich (1920-1944) In May-July 1942 he was at the front. Having been captured in one of the battles on the Don, he escaped, returned to Krasnodon and became the commander of the Young Guard. On August 13, 1944, during the battle for the Polish town of Glogow, Captain Ivan Turkenich was mortally wounded and died a day later. Buried in Polish city Rzeszow at the cemetery of Soviet soldiers.
Ivan Zemnukhov (1923-1943) Important role belongs to him in the creation of an underground printing house. In December 1942, he became the administrator of the amateur artistic circle named after. A. Gorky. This club essentially became the headquarters of the Young Guards. On the night of January 15-16, 1943, after terrible torture together with his comrades, he was thrown alive into the pit of mine No. 5. He was buried in a mass grave in the city of Krasnodon.
Oleg Koshevoy (1926-1943) In 1940, Oleg began studying at the school named after A. Gorky, where he met the future Young Guards and became one of them. Koshevoy tried to cross the front line, but was captured at the Kartushino station - during a routine search at the checkpoint, he was found to have a pistol, blank forms of an underground participant and a Komsomol card sewn into his clothes, which he refused to leave, contrary to the requirements of conspiracy. After torture he was shot on February 9, 1943.
Ulyana Gromova (1924-1943) Gromova was elected a member of the headquarters of the underground Komsomol organization. She took part in the preparation of military operations, distributed leaflets, and collected. On the eve of the 25th anniversary of the October Revolution, together with Anatoly Popov, Ulyana hung a red flag on the mine chimney. In January 1943, she was arrested by the Gestapo. She had a carving on her back five pointed star, right hand broken.
Lyubov Shevtsova (1924-1943) In February 1942 she joined the Komsomol. In the summer of 1942, she graduated from the intelligence school of the State Security Administration and was left to work in occupied Voroshilovgrad. By virtue of various reasons was left without leadership and independently contacted the Krasnodon underground. As a result of betrayal, she was arrested by the Krasnodon police on January 8, 1943 and, after brutal torture, on February 9, she was shot in the Thunderous Forest on the outskirts of the city of Rovenki.
Sergei Tyulenin (1925-1943) Successfully carried out combat missions of the organization’s headquarters: participated in distributing leaflets, collecting weapons, ammunition, and explosives. On the night of December 6, 1942, he participated in the arson of the labor exchange. On January 27, 1943, Sergei Tyulenin was arrested by the occupation authorities and, after severe torture, on January 31, he was shot and thrown into the pit of mine No. 5.
Eternal memory to the Young Guards... How scary it is to die at 16, How you want to fucking live. Don't shed tears, but smile, fall in love and raise children. But the sun is setting. They won't be able to meet the dawn anymore. The boys went into immortality, In the prime of their youth...
The feat of the heroes of the “Young Guard” is captured in the novel of the same name by A.A. Fadeev. “This heroic theme captivated me. I wrote with enormous intensity and passion. I write about everything as it really happened.” - A.A. Fadeev. Eternal memory to the Young Guards...
The hero’s mother, Elena Koshevaya, talks about the life of Oleg Koshevoy and his selfless struggle in her book. The book is imbued with unspent maternal love and affection. Eternal memory to the Young Guards...
A museum in Krasnodon dedicated to the heroes of the Young Guard. The largest repository of documents on the organization's activities. A fragment of the exhibition of the museum Eternal Memory of the Young Guards...
Monuments to Oleg Koshevoy and Lyuba Shevtsova in the city of Kharkov. Eternal memory to the Young Guards...
Monument “Oath” in Krasnodon Monument to Ulyana Gromova in Togliatti Eternal memory to the Young Guards...
Eternal memory to the Young Guard... In 1956, a monument was erected in the Ekateringofsky Park of Leningrad to the members of the underground organization “Young Guard” who died in 1943. The monument is the author’s repetition of the monument built in Krasnodon. Since then, the two cities have been connected by the memory of the heroic deeds of the Young Guard.
One of the mythologized pages of the history of the USSR, which, unfortunately, is still perceived by many even now, but which has always been true. In mid-February 1943, after the liberation of Donetsk Krasnodon by Soviet troops, several dozen corpses of teenagers tortured by the Nazis, who were members of the underground organization “Young Guard” during the occupation, were extracted from the pit of the N5 mine located near the city...
Near an abandoned mine, most members of the underground Komsomol organization “Young Guard,” which fought against the Nazis in the small Ukrainian town of Krasnodon in 1942, lost their lives. It turned out to be the first underground youth organization about which it was possible to collect fairly detailed information. The Young Guards were then called heroes (they were heroes) who gave their lives for their Motherland. A little over twenty years ago, everyone knew about the Young Guard.
The novel of the same name by Alexander Fadeev was studied in schools; while watching Sergei Gerasimov's film, people could not hold back their tears; motor ships, streets, hundreds of educational institutions and pioneer detachments. What were they like, these young men and women who called themselves Young Guards?
The Krasnodon Komsomol youth underground included seventy-one people: forty-seven boys and twenty-four girls. The youngest was fourteen years old, and fifty-five of them never turned nineteen. The most ordinary guys, no different from the same boys and girls of our country, the guys made friends and quarreled, studied and fell in love, ran to dances and chased pigeons. They were involved in school clubs, sports sections, played strings musical instruments, wrote poetry, many drew well.
We studied in different ways - some were excellent students, while others had difficulty mastering the granite of science. There were also a lot of tomboys. We dreamed about our future adult life. They wanted to become pilots, engineers, lawyers, some were going to go to a theater school, and others to a pedagogical institute.
The “Young Guard” was as multinational as the population of these southern regions of the USSR. Russians, Ukrainians (there were also Cossacks among them), Armenians, Belarusians, Jews, Azerbaijanis and Moldovans, ready to come to each other’s aid at any moment, fought the fascists.
The Germans occupied Krasnodon on July 20, 1942. And almost immediately the first leaflets appeared in the city, the new bathhouse, already ready for German barracks. It was Seryozhka Tyulenin who began to act. One.
On August 12, 1942 he turned seventeen. Sergei wrote leaflets on pieces of old newspapers, and the police often found them in their pockets. He began to collect weapons, not even doubting that they would definitely come in handy. And he was the first to attract a group of guys ready to fight. At first it consisted of eight people. However, by the first days of September, several groups were already operating in Krasnodon, not connected with one another - in total there were 25 people in them.
The birthday of the underground Komsomol organization “Young Guard” was September 30: then a plan for creating a detachment was adopted, specific actions for underground work were planned, and a headquarters was created. It included Ivan Zemnukhov, the chief of staff, Vasily Levashov, the commander of the central group, Georgy Arutyunyants and Sergei Tyulenin, members of the headquarters.
Viktor Tretyakevich was elected commissioner. The guys unanimously supported Tyulenin’s proposal to name the detachment “Young Guard”. And at the beginning of October, all the scattered underground groups were united into one organization. Later, Ulyana Gromova, Lyubov Shevtsova, Oleg Koshevoy and Ivan Turkenich joined the headquarters.
Now you can often hear that the Young Guards did nothing special. Well, they posted leaflets, collected weapons, burned and contaminated grain intended for the occupiers. Well, they hung several flags on the day of the 25th anniversary of the October Revolution, burned the Labor Exchange, and rescued several dozen prisoners of war. Other underground organizations have existed longer and done more!
And do these would-be critics understand that everything, literally everything, these boys and girls did was on the brink of life and death. Is it easy to walk down the street when warnings are posted on almost every house and fence that failure to surrender weapons will result in execution? And at the bottom of the bag, under the potatoes, there are two grenades, and you have to walk past several dozen police officers with an independent look, and anyone can stop you... By the beginning of December, the Young Guards already had 15 machine guns, 80 rifles, 300 grenades, about 15 thousand cartridges in their warehouse, 10 pistols, 65 kilograms of explosives and several hundred meters of fuse.
Isn’t it scary to sneak past a German patrol at night, knowing that you will be shot if you appear on the street after six in the evening? But most of the work was done at night. At night they burned the German Labor Exchange - and two and a half thousand Krasnodon residents were spared from German hard labor. On the night of November 7, the Young Guards hung out red flags - and the next morning, when they saw them, people experienced great joy: “They remember us, we are not forgotten by ours!” At night, prisoners of war were released, telephone wires were cut, German vehicles were attacked, a herd of 500 head of cattle was recaptured from the Nazis and dispersed to nearby farms and villages.
Even leaflets were posted mainly at night, although it happened that they had to do this during the day. At first, leaflets were written by hand, then they began to be printed in their own organized printing house. In total, the Young Guards issued about 30 separate leaflets with a total circulation of almost five thousand copies - from them Krasnodon residents learned the latest reports from the Sovinformburo.
In December, the first disagreements appeared at the headquarters, which later became the basis of the legend that still lives and according to which Oleg Koshevoy is considered the commissar of the Young Guard.
What happened? Koshevoy began to insist that from all the underground fighters a detachment of 15-20 people be selected, capable of operating separately from the main detachment. This is where Kosheva was supposed to become commissar. The guys did not support this proposal. And yet, after the next admission of a group of youth to the Komsomol, Oleg took temporary Komsomol tickets from Vanya Zemnukhov, but did not give them, as always, to Viktor Tretyakevich, but issued them to the newly admitted ones himself, signing: “Commissar of the partisan detachment “Hammer” Kashuk.”
On January 1, 1943, three Young Guard members were arrested: Evgeny Moshkov, Viktor Tretyakevich and Ivan Zemnukhov - the fascists found themselves in the very heart of the organization. On the same day, the remaining members of the headquarters urgently gathered and made a decision: all Young Guards should immediately leave the city, and the leaders should not spend the night at home that night. All underground workers were notified of the headquarters’ decision through liaison officers. One of them, who was a member of the group in the village of Pervomaika, Gennady Pocheptsov, upon learning about the arrests, chickened out and wrote a statement to the police about the existence of an underground organization.
The entire punitive apparatus came into motion. Mass arrests began. But why did most of the Young Guards not follow the orders of headquarters? After all, this first disobedience, and therefore the violation of the oath, cost almost all of them their lives! Probably, the lack of life experience had an effect.
At first, the guys did not realize that a catastrophe had happened and their leading three would no longer get out of prison. Many could not decide for themselves: whether to leave the city, whether to help those arrested, or voluntarily share their fate. They did not understand that the headquarters had already considered all the options and took the only correct one. But the majority did not fulfill it. Almost everyone was afraid for their parents.
Only twelve Young Guards managed to escape in those days. But later, two of them - Sergei Tyulenin and Oleg Koshevoy - were nevertheless arrested. The city's four police cells were packed to capacity. All the boys were terribly tortured. The office of the police chief Solikovsky looked more like a slaughterhouse - it was so spattered with blood. So that the screams of the tortured would not be heard in the yard, the monsters started up a gramophone and turned it on at full volume.
Underground workers were hung by the neck from window frame, simulating execution by hanging, and by the legs, to the ceiling hook. And they beat, beat, beat - with sticks and wire whips with nuts at the end. Girls were hanged by their braids, and their hair could not stand it and broke off. The Young Guards had their fingers crushed by the door, shoe needles were driven under their fingernails, they were placed on a hot stove, and stars were cut out on their chests and backs. Their bones were broken, their eyes were knocked out and burned out, their arms and legs were cut off...
The executioners, having learned from Pocheptsov that Tretyakevich was one of the leaders of the Young Guard, decided to force him to speak at any cost, believing that then it would be easier to deal with the others. He was tortured with extreme cruelty and was mutilated beyond recognition. But Victor was silent. Then a rumor was spread among those arrested and in the city: Tretyakevich had betrayed everyone. But Victor’s comrades did not believe it.
On the cold winter night of January 15, 1943, the first group of Young Guards, among them Tretyakevich, was taken to the destroyed mine for execution. When they were placed on the edge of the pit, Victor grabbed the deputy chief of police by the neck and tried to drag him along with him to a depth of 50 meters. The frightened executioner turned pale with fear and hardly resisted, and only a gendarme who arrived in time and hit Tretyakevich on the head with a pistol saved the policeman from death.
On January 16, the second group of underground fighters was shot, and on the 31st, the third. One of this group managed to escape from the execution site. It was Anatoly Kovalev, who later went missing.
Four remained in prison. They were taken to the city of Rovenki, Krasnodon region, and shot on February 9, along with Oleg Koshev, who was there.
Soviet troops entered Krasnodon on February 14. The day of February 17 became mournful, full of crying and lamentations. From the deep, dark pit, the bodies of tortured young men and women were taken out in buckets. It was difficult to recognize them; some of the children were identified by their parents only by their clothes.
A wooden obelisk was placed on the mass grave with the names of the victims and the words:
And drops of your hot blood,
Like sparks, they will flash in the darkness of life
And many brave hearts will be lit!
The name of Viktor Tretyakevich was not on the obelisk! And his mother, Anna Iosifovna, never took off her black dress again and tried to go to the grave later so as not to meet anyone there. She, of course, did not believe in her son’s betrayal, just as most of her fellow countrymen did not believe, but the conclusions of the commission of the Komsomol Central Committee under the leadership of Toritsin and Fadeev’s artistically remarkable novel that was subsequently published had an impact on the minds and hearts of millions of people. One can only regret that in respecting historical truth, Fadeev’s novel “The Young Guard” did not turn out to be just as wonderful.
The investigative authorities also accepted the version of Tretyakevich’s betrayal, and even when the true traitor Pocheptsov, who was subsequently arrested, confessed to everything, the charge against Victor was not dropped. And since, according to the party leaders, a traitor cannot be a commissar, Oleg Koshevoy, whose signature was on the December Komsomol tickets - “Commissar of the partisan detachment “Hammer” Kashuk”, was elevated to this rank.
After 16 years, they managed to arrest one of the most ferocious executioners who tortured the Young Guard, Vasily Podtynny. During the investigation, he stated: Tretyakevich was slandered, but despite severe torture and beatings, he did not betray anyone.
So, almost 17 years later, the truth triumphed. By decree of December 13, 1960, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR rehabilitated Viktor Tretyakevich and awarded him the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree (posthumously). His name began to be included in all official documents along with the names of other heroes of the Young Guard.
Anna Iosifovna, Victor’s mother, who never took off her black mourning clothes, stood in front of the presidium of the ceremonial meeting in Voroshilovgrad when she was presented with her son’s posthumous award.
The crowded hall stood and applauded her, but it seemed that she was no longer happy with what was happening. Perhaps because the mother always knew: her son was an honest person... Anna Iosifovna turned to the comrade who was rewarding her with only one request: not to show the film “The Young Guard” in the city these days.
So, the mark of a traitor was removed from Viktor Tretyakevich, but he was never restored to the rank of commissar and was not awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, which was awarded to the other dead members of the Young Guard headquarters.
Finishing this short story about the heroic and tragic days of the Krasnodon residents, I would like to say that the heroism and tragedy of the “Young Guard” are probably still far from being revealed. But this is our history, and we have no right to forget it.
Crimea, Feodosia, August 1940. Happy young girls. The most beautiful, with dark braids, is Anya Sopova.
On January 31, 1943, after severe torture, Anya was thrown into the pit of mine No. 5. She was buried in the mass grave of heroes in the central square of the city of Krasnodon.
...now "Young Guard" is on television. I remember how we loved this picture as children! They dreamed of being like the brave Krasnodon residents... they swore to avenge their death. What can I say, the tragic and beautiful story of the Young Guards shocked the whole world, and not just the fragile minds of children.
The film became the box office leader in 1948, and the leading actors, unknown students of VGIK, immediately received the title of Stalin Prize Laureate - an exceptional case. “Woke up famous” is about them.
Ivanov, Mordyukova, Makarova, Gurzo, Shagalova - letters from all over the world came to them in bags.
Gerasimov, of course, felt sorry for the audience. Fadeev - readers.
Neither paper nor film could convey what really happened that winter in Krasnodon.
Ulyana Gromova, 19 years old
“….a five-pointed star is cut out on the back, the right arm is broken, the ribs are broken” (KGB Archives of the USSR Council of Ministers).
Lida Androsova, 18 years old
“...extracted without an eye, an ear, a hand, with a rope around the neck, which cut heavily into the body. The baked blood is visible on the neck” (Young Guard Museum, f. 1, d. 16).
Anya Sopova, 18 years old
“They beat her, hung her by her braids... They lifted Anya out of the pit with one braid - the other broke off.”
Shura Bondareva, 20 years old
"...extracted without the head and right breast, the whole body was beaten, bruised, and black in color."
Lyuba Shevtsova, 18 years old (pictured first on the left in the second row)
Lyuba Shevtsova, 18 years old
On February 9, 1943, after a month of torture, she was shot in the Thunderous Forest near the city along with Oleg Koshev, S. Ostapenko, D. Ogurtsov and V. Subbotin.
Angelina Samoshina, 18 years old.
“Traces of torture were found on Angelina’s body: her arms were twisted, her ears were cut off, a star was carved on her cheek” (RGASPI. F. M-1. Op. 53. D. 331)
Shura Dubrovina, 23 years old
“Two images appear before my eyes: the cheerful young Komsomol member Shura Dubrovina and the mutilated body raised from the mine. I saw her corpse only with the lower jaw. Her friend Maya Peglivanova was lying in a coffin without eyes, without lips, with her arms twisted... "
Maya Peglivanova, 17 years old
"Maya's corpse was disfigured: her breasts were cut off, her legs were broken. All outer clothing was removed." (RGASPI. F. M-1. Op. 53. D. 331) She was lying in the coffin without lips, with her arms twisted.”
Tonya Ivanikhina, 19 years old
"... taken out without eyes, head bandaged with a scarf and wire, breasts cut out."
Serezha Tyulenin, 17 years old
“On January 27, 1943, Sergei was arrested. Soon his father and mother were taken away, all his belongings were confiscated. The police severely tortured Sergei in the presence of his mother, they confronted him with a member of the Young Guard, Viktor Lukyancheiko, but they did not recognize each other.
On January 31, Sergei was tortured in last time, and then he, half-dead, along with other comrades was taken to the pit of mine No. 5..."
Funeral of Sergei Tyulenin
Nina Minaeva, 18 years old
“...My sister was recognized by her woolen gaiters - the only clothes that remained on her. Nina’s arms were broken, one eye was knocked out, there were shapeless wounds on her chest, her whole body was covered in black stripes...”
Tosya Eliseenko, 22 years old
“Tosia’s corpse was disfigured, tortured, and she was put on a hot stove.”
Victor Tretyakevich, 18 years old
"...Among the last, they raised Viktor Tretyakevich. His father, Joseph Kuzmich, in a thin patched coat, stood day after day, clutching a pole, not taking his eyes off the pit. And when they recognized his son, he was faceless, with a black face. blue back, with shattered arms - he fell to the ground, as if knocked down. No traces of bullets were found on Victor's body - which means they threw him out alive..."
Oleg Koshevoy, 16 years old
When arrests began in January 1943, he attempted to cross the front line. However, he is forced to return to the city. Near the railway Kortushino station was captured by the Nazis and sent first to the police and then to the district Gestapo office in Rovenki. After terrible torture, together with L.G. Shevtsova, S.M. Ostapenko, D.U. Ogurtsov and V.F. Subbotin, on February 9, 1943, he was shot in the Thunderous Forest near the city.
Boris Glavan, 22 years old
“He was pulled out of the pit, tied up with Evgeniy Shepelev with barbed wire face to face, his hands were cut off. His face was mutilated, his stomach was ripped open.”
Evgeny Shepelev, 19 years old
"...Evgeniy's hands were cut off, his stomach was torn out, his head was broken...." (RGASPI. F. M-1. Op. 53. D. 331)
Volodya Zhdanov, 17 years old
“He was taken out with a laceration in the left temporal region, his fingers were broken and twisted, there were bruises under the nails, two strips three centimeters wide and twenty-five centimeters long were cut out on his back, his eyes were gouged out and his ears were cut off” (Young Guard Museum, f. 1, d .36)
Klava Kovaleva, 17 years old
"... pulled out swollen, the right breast was cut off, the feet were burned, cut off left hand, head tied with a scarf, traces of beatings are visible on the body. Found ten meters from the trunk, between the trolleys, she was probably thrown alive" (Young Guard Museum, f. 1, no. 10)
Evgeniy Moshkov, 22 years old (pictured left)
"... Young Guard communist Yevgeny Moshkov, choosing the right moment during interrogation, hit the policeman. Then the fascist animals hung Moshkov by his legs and kept him in that position until blood gushed from his nose and throat. They took him down and "They began to interrogate again. But Moshkov only spat in the executioner's face. The enraged investigator who was torturing Moshkov hit him with a backhand blow. Exhausted by the torture, the communist hero fell, hitting the back of his head on the door frame and died."
Volodya Osmukhin, 18 years old
“When I saw Vovochka, mutilated, almost headless, without his left arm up to the elbow, I thought I was going crazy. I didn’t believe it was him. He was wearing only one sock, and the other leg was completely bare. Instead of a belt, he was wearing a scarf warm. No outer clothing. Hungry animals took them off.
The head is broken. The back of the head had completely fallen out, only the face remained, on which only Volodin’s teeth remained. Everything else is mutilated. The lips are distorted, the nose is almost completely gone. My grandmother and I washed Vovochka, dressed her, and decorated her with flowers. A wreath was nailed to the coffin. Let the road lie peacefully."
Parents of Ulyana Gromova
Uli's last letter
Funeral of the Young Guards, 1943
In 1993, a press conference of a special commission to study the history of the Young Guard was held in Lugansk. As Izvestia wrote then (05/12/1993), after two years of work, the commission gave its assessment of the versions that had excited the public for almost half a century. The researchers' conclusions boiled down to several fundamental points.
In July-August 1942, after the Nazis captured the Luhansk region, many underground youth groups spontaneously arose in the mining town of Krasnodon and its surrounding villages. They, according to the recollections of contemporaries, were called “Star”, “Sickle”, “Hammer”, etc. However, there is no need to talk about any party leadership of them. In October 1942, Viktor Tretyakevich united them into the “Young Guard”.
It was he, and not Oleg Koshevoy, according to the commission’s findings, who became the commissioner of the underground organization. There were almost twice as many “Young Guard” participants as was later recognized by the competent authorities. The guys fought like a guerrilla, taking risks, suffering heavy losses, and this, as was noted at the press conference, ultimately led to the failure of the organization.
“….Blessed memory to these girls and boys… who were infinite times stronger… all of us, millions of us, combined...”
Bibliographic description:
Nesterova I.A. Young Guard [Electronic resource] // Educational encyclopedia website
In light of modern attempts to remake history, to devalue the exploits of the Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War, it is necessary to preserve folk memory about thousands of Soviet citizens tortured by fascist monsters. So that no one would want to apologize to the Bundeswehr for the fate of the “unfortunate” Nazis. The Young Guard is an example of courage and patriotism. Everyone should know about their fate.
The emergence of the Young Guard
Officially, during the Great Patriotic War in the USSR, the existence of 3,350 Komsomol and youth underground organizations that carried out anti-fascist activities in the temporarily occupied territories was recognized. Among these organizations is the “Young Guard”.
is an underground youth organization. She operated in the rear of the Nazis on the territory of Donetsk Krasnodon.
It cannot be said that in Young Guard Only Russians or Ukrainians entered. It was multinational: Russians, Ukrainians, Armenians, Belarusians, Jews, Azerbaijanis and Moldovans.
After the Great Patriotic War began and the city was occupied, scattered groups of teenagers began to carry out active anti-fascist activities in Krasnodon. However, for greater effectiveness of anti-fascist attacks, it was necessary to create a single underground organization with a common controlled center.
Ulyana Gromova
Date of formation Young Guard is September 30, 1942. The backbone of the organization included Ivan Zemnukhov, as chief of staff, Vasily Levashov, as commander of the central group, Georgy Arutyunyants and Sergei Tyulenin, as ordinary members of the headquarters. Viktor Tretyakevich was elected Commissioner of the Young Guard. Later, Ulyana Gromova, Lyubov Shevtsova, Oleg Koshevoy and Ivan Turkenich joined the headquarters. Number of Young Guard According to official data, it ranged from 70 to 100 people. Some local researchers talk about 130 Young Guards.
Activities of the Young Guard
IN last years cries began to be heard with renewed vigor that the Young Guard was a propaganda legend, that the teenagers had not done anything important, and so on. However, we must not forget that the Young Guards are just teenagers. The youngest of them was 14 years old. They organized very dangerous forays. Literally on the verge of life and death. They successfully distributed anti-fascist leaflets and information from the Soviet Information Bureau. Ukrainian traitors who worked as policemen for the Nazis often found Young Guard leaflets in their pockets.
Among exploits of the Young Guards One can safely call it the raising of red flags over the school, hospital and park of occupied Krasnodon. This happened on the anniversary of the October Revolution. The flags were made from a fascist banner stolen from a German club.
The Germans tried to send young, able-bodied residents of the city to Germany as work force. However, the Young Guard set fire to the labor exchange building, thereby preventing the citizens of Krasnodon from being sent into fascist slavery.
In addition to the aforementioned exploits of the Young Guards, the guys also helped the local population with food, burned the fascists’ barns and poisoned their bread and water, and freed prisoners of war. In addition, they took weapons from the Nazis' warehouses. By the beginning of December 1942, the Young Guards had accumulated 15 machine guns, 80 rifles, 300 grenades, about 15 thousand cartridges, 10 pistols, 65 kilograms of explosives and several hundred meters of fuse in their warehouse.
Arrest and execution of the Young Guards
On January 1, 1943, Evgeny Moshkov, Viktor Tretyakevich and Ivan Zemnukhov were arrested. This was followed by a series of arrests of other members of the underground organization. There are two versions according to which the fascists managed to arrest members of the Young Guard:
- Betrayal
- Lack of proper secrecy.
The version of betrayal was never fully confirmed, although the suspects were shot.
There were so many members of the Young Guard operating in Krasnodon that the city’s prison was overcrowded with teenagers. They were brutally tortured. The city prison resembled a slaughterhouse. The blood of the Young Guards is splattered everywhere. In order to prevent loud screams from being heard in the prison, the gramophone was turned on at full blast.
The arrested Young Guards were brutally beaten, they were cut with knives, their bones were broken and crushed, their eyes were gouged out, but none of them told anything of what the fascists and Ukrainian traitors who had gone over to the side of the enemy asked.
During the arrests and investigations, policemen Solikovsky, Zakharov, as well as Plokhikh and Sevastyanov tried their best. They mutilated Ivan Zemnukhov beyond recognition. Yevgeny Moshkov was doused with water, taken outside, then put on the stove, and then again taken for interrogation.
After the most severe torture Young Guards, barely alive, were ordered to be shot to the territory of the old mine. The first group of members of the Young Guard underground was shot on January 15, 1943. The second group of guys was killed there, but on January 16th. The third group was shot on January 31, 1943. The last four guys, including Oleg Koshevoy, were shot on February 9, 1943 in the city of Rovenky, Krasnodonsky district.
Among the first group of those executed was Viktor Tretyakevich. When they took him and placed him on the edge of the pit, he managed to grab the deputy chief of police by the neck. He tried to carry him along with him to a depth of 50 meters. However, other fascists prevented him.
Ivan Turkenich, Valeria Borts, Olga and Nina Ivantsov, Radik Yurkin, Georgy Arutyunyants, Mikhail Shishchenko, Anatoly Lopukhov and Vasily Levashov managed to escape. Levashev managed to escape on the way to execution. For some time he hid with his girlfriend.
On February 14, 1943, the city of Krasnodon was liberated from the Nazis by the Red Army. On February 17, the bodies of Young Guards began to be removed from a deep shaft.
After the liberation of the city, during the investigation there were rumors that Tretekevich could not stand the interrogation and betrayed his comrades. Only in 1959 this version was refuted. A decree of December 13, 1960 of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR rehabilitated Viktor Tretyakevich and awarded him the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.
The role of the feat of the Young Guard
Feat of the Young Guard was of great importance for the country, both during the Great Patriotic War and after it. It was the Young Guards who, through their actions, supported the morale of the soldiers and the spirit of struggle among the population of the occupied territories. The pain and suffering from hunger paled in comparison to what the Young Guards endured before their death. People remembered their exploits and did their own for the benefit of their homeland.
USSR postage stamp, 1944: “Glory to the Komsomol Heroes of the Young Guard of the city of Krasnodon!”
The history of the Young Guard became famous thanks to Alexander Fadeev’s book “The Young Guard”. Films were made about the Young Guards and newspapers wrote about them. They were set as an example for the younger post-war generation.
Now feat of the Young Guard not forgotten. Throughout Russia there are museums dedicated to the Young Guard, Soviet monuments to the Young Guard are being restored, and schools are holding lessons dedicated to their feat.
Literature
- "Young Guard" [Electronic resource] // Journal "Historian" - Access mode: https://istorik.rf/journal/young-guard/
- Who are they, the “Youth Guards”? Scary tale, which must not be forgotten [Electronic resource] // "Outside the city". - Access mode: