Population of Great Britain. Modern England

Fogs as the main weather conditions, the obligatory “five o'clock”, adherence to traditions, strictness of norms, oatmeal and special English humor. What else is different from strict England, whose population makes up the bulk of all the inhabitants of Foggy Albion?

England as part of Great Britain

England, Britain, Great Britain is a common name for one great power - the United Kingdom of Great Britain, which also includes the northern part of Ireland. The most Substantial part this country is England. Its population and territory make up almost a third of the total population and territory of the Kingdom.

Britain is a name that dominated much earlier than the others. This was the name of the land of the Britons, the Celtic tribes that inhabited the island before our era. After the conquest of these lands by the Romans, the Britons were gradually completely supplanted by the Angles and Saxons. Britain became England, that is, “the land of the Angles.” Historically, the incoming Angles became the main population group in Great Britain, pushing the original Aborigines into a small part of Wales.

Another important group of Celtic tribes in Albion are the Scots, among whom minor groups of Gaels stand out. The Gaels are a small ethnic group of the mountain people of the Celts, preserving their ancient language and traditions.

Great Britain in numbers

According to 2015 data, about 64 million people lived in the UK. Of these, the population of England is 84%, Scotland - 8.3%, Wales - 4.8%, Ireland - 3%.

The British lead in ethnic composition statistics. Their number is 76%, the remaining 24 percent are represented by Scots (less than 6%), Irish (about 2%), and Welsh (3.1%). Other peoples who call Britain home are migrants.

As a result of the moves, the population of England began to increase significantly in the 19th century, when the country still had many colonies. Now Poles, Jews, Indians, Pakistanis, Arabs, Chinese, and immigrants from the former USSR live with the British.

The urban and rural population is represented in a ratio of 93% to 7%. Age of residents in the country:

• children under 14 years old - 19%:
• elderly people, over 65 - 16%;
• the rest of the population is youth and able-bodied citizens from 15 to 64 years old.

Religion

Main state religion Great Britain - Anglican Church. Its parishioners number 27 million (Wales and England). The population of Scotland is more inclined to the Presbyterian religion. Minor groups of believers include Catholics, Muslims, Methodists, Judaists, Sikhs, and Hindus.

Language

English is the only language official language in all regions of the United Kingdom, but the dialects spoken in some areas are so different that their owners do not always understand each other.

The closest to the normative is considered colloquial residents of south-east England. The territory of Wales is considered bilingual, since a significant part of its population speaks Welsh. The Highland peoples of Scotland retained the ancient Celtic language in their culture, but given time Only 60 thousand people can speak it.

Townspeople and villagers

On average there are around a thousand towns and cities in the UK. The bulk of the British live there. It is difficult to separate urban and rural populations as the typical English village is a suburb. In England, residents of the central areas of large cities call themselves city dwellers. The large concentration of people in megacities forces the authorities to encourage the mass relocation of their residents to these suburbs, closer to nature.

British citizens for the most part live in private houses. City blocks apartment buildings there are, but they do not at all correspond to our usual idea of ​​urban housing. These apartments are small and uncomfortable. Most often migrants, students, and temporary settlers settle in them. Family Englishmen prefer a small, but separate house. These houses are located very close to each other, have a small courtyard and a small garden. The most common hobby of the British is digging in the ground and growing something there.

If we look at the social foundations of the British in numbers, then 93% of all British residents consider themselves to be in the middle class of workers and employees. These are the so-called average Englishmen. The term worker refers to hired workers of various qualifications. In terms of their standard of living, they are on an equal footing with the local intelligentsia, office workers, clerks, teachers, and doctors. Unskilled manual labor is increasingly being outsourced to migrant workers from other countries.

The small English nobility (2% of the population) in their small circle concentrates half of the national wealth of the state.

Freelance work, small business and farming are not very popular in this region. In England, it is much more profitable to get a good specialty and work as an employee in any large enterprise than to run your own business. Owners of small workshops, cafes, restaurants and other small establishments, together with farmers, make up 5% of the population.

There are both poor people and homeless people here. There are not many of them - mainly people who have lost their jobs for a long time or migrants who were unlucky enough to find a job fall into this category.

This is England in a nutshell, whose population was known as strict, prim and cold. In fact, most English people are quite welcoming and friendly people, they are just very well-mannered and religiously respect their centuries-old traditions, many of which we do not understand.

6.3k (171 per week)

Great Britain includes 4 separate kingdoms, so it is not surprising that the ethnic composition of this country is quite diverse compared to other European countries. From the very beginning of the emergence of society in the British Isles, 3 different ethnic communities were formed - the English, the Scots and the Welsh (Welsh). All of them occupied corresponding isolated areas of the island. National disputes are still ongoing, and the relationship between these indigenous peoples of the country, the ethnic processes taking place among them, have always occupied important place in UK politics.

Ethnic composition of Great Britain

The population of Great Britain is just over 65 million people. Among them, 45 million are British, this is the most numerous and dominant nation, since the area of ​​England occupies the largest territory on the island. The English live in England itself, in most of Wales and the south of Scotland.
The Scots are the most numerous of the Celtic peoples, their number exceeds 5 million people. Their place of residence is the northwestern lands, Orkney, Shetland and the Hebrides. Highland Scots are somewhat isolated economically and geographically from the rest of the country, so they still retain their identity. These people call themselves Gaels, but the English most often call them Highlanders, and the inhabitants of the lowlands are called Lowlanders. The Gaels have also preserved their ancient language - Celtic, which is spoken by approximately 1% of the country's inhabitants, but this figure is decreasing every year.
The Welsh or Welsh inhabit the kingdom of the same name; in ancient times they were called “Cymry”. The total number of Welsh people is about 6 million, 2 of which live directly in Wales. This nation also has its own National language- Welsh, spoken by 19% of the population.
Northern Ireland became part of the United Kingdom in 1922. The rest of Ireland achieved independence, and 6 counties of the province of Ulster went to Great Britain. It is impossible to single out any one nation here; the ethnic composition of this region is heterogeneous: about 500 thousand Irish Catholics, 1 million Anglo-Irish and Scots-Irish live in Northern Ireland. This diversity is due to the intensive colonization of Ireland in the 17th-18th centuries. Throughout Ireland at that time, lands were distributed to landlords, large English owners. And small and medium-sized English and Scots tenants from the south of Scotland were sent to Ulster.

UK demographics

At the beginning of the last century, only 38 million people lived in Great Britain, but today this figure has almost doubled, not due to natural growth, but due to external migration. The death rate in Great Britain has been at the same level since the beginning of the 20th century, but the birth rate has dropped significantly. The working population in the country is only 40%. Of these, 93% are workers and employees, 5% are small owners (farmers, people of liberal professions), 2% are the big bourgeoisie.

There are many Jews living in Great Britain (about 500 thousand people), who settled mainly in London and other large cities.

After the Second World War, many workers from European countries began to arrive in the United Kingdom due to large-scale restoration work in the country. Today there are about 1 million immigrants from Europe living in the country. If we take into account the migration of the Irish and people from other countries, then total number There are more than 3 million immigrants.

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England is the largest historical and administrative part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. England occupies the south-eastern part big island. England's population is over 80% total number UK population. England became a union of once warring counties in 927 and takes its name from the English. This was the name of one of the Germanic tribes that settled on the island in the 5th and 6th centuries.

Population of England – more than 60 million people. The population of England in the 21st century has finally surpassed the population of the Netherlands, which was previously the most populous European country.

Now density population in England amounted to 395 people per sq. km. In Great Britain itself, these data are much more modest - only 253 people per square meter. km.

Today's population of England- the result of mixing the blood of many peoples. The only exception is the inhabitants of some areas of Wales, which exist separately. Indigenous people of these lands - short brunettes - dolichocephals.

The tall and overweight dolichocephalic blonds had a great influence on the formation of the racial characteristics of the inhabitants of present-day England. During the reign of the Romans, it became very noticeable Mediterranean influence. The Scandinavians who migrated to the island also played a significant role in the formation of racial characteristics.

After England conquered by the Normans, there were no particularly massive migrations to this country. Until the Irish began to settle on the island in the 20th century. However, it was the influence of the Normans that is considered the largest in English history.

The influence on racial composition the British resettlement of Jews in different periods of time, as well as the migration of the Huguenots 3 centuries ago.

Age structure:

0-14 years: 19%
15-64 years old: 65%
65 and over: 16%

Population growth percentage: 0.24%
Birth rate: 11.9 births/1,000 people
Death rate: 10.64 deaths/1,000 people
Emigration rate: 1.11 emigrants/1,000 people

Sex ratio:

At birth: 1.05 male/female
under 15 years old: 1.05 men/women
15-64 years: 1.02 men/women
65 and over: 0.7 men/women
total population: 0.97 men/women
Newborn mortality rate: 5.78 deaths/1,000 live births

Lifespan:

Total population: 77.37 years
men: 74.73 years
women: 80.15 years (as of 1999)

Ethnic groups: English 81.5%, Scots 9.6%, Irish 2.4%, Welsh 1.9%, Ulsterians 1.8%, Indians etc. 2.8%. Pakistanis, Arabs, Chinese, and Africans also live in the country.

Language

IN England It is customary to speak only one language - English. And here Wales considered a bilingual region. But the number of dialects spoken by the native English is so large that it is sometimes very difficult for representatives of two different dialects to understand each other.

The most significant deviations from the literary norm of modern in English observed in dialects of Cornwall, Lancashire, as well as some lands located in east London.

Norm of spoken English formed in the southeastern part of the country. Rapid development transport systems, And for the most part, radio broadcasting and television contributed to the fact that the phonetic form of the English language has undergone greater unification.

The official name of the country: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
Territory: 244,820 sq. km.
Population: 59.1 million people. National composition: English - 81.5%, Scots - 9.6%, Irish 2.4%, Welsh 1.9%, people from the West Indies, India, Pakistan, etc. - 2.8%.
Languages: English, Welsh (about a quarter of the population of Wales speaks it), Scottish dialect of the Gaelic language (about 60 thousand people in Scotland).
Religion: Anglicans - 27 million, Catholics - 9 million, Muslims - 1 million, Presbyterians - 800 thousand, Methodists - 760 thousand, Sikhs - 400 thousand, Hindus - 350 thousand, Judaists - 300 thousand.
Capital: London.
Largest cities: London (7 million 640 thousand), Birmingham (2 million 270 thousand), Manchester (2 million 250 thousand), Glasgow (680 thousand).
Administrative division: 47 counties, 7 metropolitan counties, 26 districts, 9 regions, 3 island regions.
Form of government: a constitutional monarchy.
Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II.
Head of the government: Prime Minister Tony Blair.
Currency: British pound sterling.

The British are polite, calm, more or less friendly, depending on the region, invariably modest and respectful of their neighbors. English humor is difficult for foreigners to understand. If you tell a joke, you should smile - at least only with your eyes, as Stirlitz did.

As for Scotland, it has not yet overcome its historical antagonism towards the British and perceives them as “old enemies”.

The main taboos in conversation are: for the English - Welsh, for the Welsh - English.

A very important concept is family. Britons spend most weekends at home. The traditional beginning of a British family's life is a wedding. Clan spirit is very strong in the Scottish Highlands. Posters everywhere remind parents that they must keep an eye on their precious children: when visiting archaeological ruins - to avoid accidents, in restaurants - because of neighbors, etc.

The most common games of chance are pool, something like billiards, and bingo, although it cannot be said that the British are all avid gamblers.

Sailing remains a very privileged sport. The Highland region is one of the best in the world for sailing of all kinds, with fabulous scenery and relentless winds.

IN Sundays The British enjoy going outdoors, usually for one day. If the weather is not suitable for such walks and outdoor picnics, they spend an hour or two in traditional English pubs, where they usually have lunch. Lunch in a pub is pleasing with its low price. Women prefer shopping and relaxing with a cup of coffee in one of the many cafes.

In rural areas, a walk can mean anything but idleness. Breathe fresh air equivalent physical exercise, good for health. In Galloway, people sit in bars, parks or stroll along the pedestrian streets, where musicians and street performers often perform.

In the UK, every area has its own pride: Stoke-on-Trent is famous for its woollens and pottery; Cornwall - crystal; Scotland is famous for its woodcarvers and glassblowers; Numerous jewelers specialize in silverware, especially in the "Celtic" areas.

The art of creating English gardens arose due to climatic conditions. The UK has a mild and humid climate, which encourages the growth of a wide variety of plants. Landscapes where palm trees and azaleas grow under gray and foggy skies are not uncommon. In addition, Great Britain once owned colonies at all latitudes, and therefore has a long tradition of acclimatization and zoning of plants. The wealth of species in her gardens is endless, all of them are carefully preserved and protected by the owners. By the end of the 20th century. English gardening reached the pinnacle of technical excellence while remaining true to tradition.

The population of Great Britain for 2018 is 66,558,737 people (current as of 06/17/2018).

The country name "England" is often considered synonymous with "Great Britain". In fact, England has remained a special part of the United Kingdom, which has its own history and its own ethnicity.

Population in England

Today, the population of the largest administrative and political part of the country is approximately 84-85% of the total population of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

The population of England in 2016 was 55,268,100 people.

Until 55 BC, the lands of modern England were inhabited by Celts. Then the Romans came there, but after their departure the Angles, Saxons and Jutes, who were direct descendants of the Celtic tribes, gained a foothold in the territories.

Only the Scots never belonged to the Celtic group, they were descendants of the Picts and Gaels. Thus, Germanic tribes Since ancient times, they have been the indigenous ethnic group of English territories. This state of affairs continues today.

In the 19th century, England experienced an outflow of population to other countries. People left for the USA and Europe. The human population was poorly replenished by immigrants. Today, the situation has changed in the opposite direction.

Ethnic composition of England

Thanks to immigration, England now has the following national composition:

• English;
• Irish;
• Indians;
• Pakistanis;
• Bengalis;
• Asians;
• Africans;
• Mixed races.

The Scots and Irish are also considered full residents of Great Britain, but their largest numbers are located in the territory of modern Ireland and Scotland. There are not as many Irish and Scots living in England as it might seem at first glance.

Great Britain and its population in numbers

Today, the average life expectancy of a Briton hovers around 79 years. Population growth is quite low at just 0.27 percent per year.

Total number of inhabitants British Isles exceeds 66 million people. The society is multicultural and multinational. About 2,000 babies are born every day in England. About 1,500 people die per day. Population density per square meter is 269 people.

There are slightly more middle-aged men than women in Britain. The dependency ratio in the country is quite high, and is presented as 51%.

This value suggests that in England people pay high taxes to provide pensions and benefits for the disabled part of the population.

The literacy rate of the UK population is almost 100%. The country is considered developed, and the standard of living of its citizens is recognized as one of the highest in the world.

The current population of England is mixed and diverse. Because it still exists great amount wanting to move to this state, the government had to introduce strict immigration policies. Overall, the population of England continues to grow, but this is happening slowly, as the younger generation believes that they must first build a career, and only then can they get married and have children.