Fire protection of wooden structures. Fireproof wood impregnation

Today natural wood They are actively used not only in the production of furniture, but also in construction, as it has been for many centuries. Wood is an excellent building material, but it has a serious drawback - it is susceptible to fire. Fortunately, fire-resistant wood treatments are now available to protect wood structures.

Protecting wood from fire is the main requirement against fire safety to each building or structure, no matter during direct construction or during operation. The standards set out in local and regulatory documents must be observed, otherwise the facility will not be put into operation. This required condition for specialized construction organizations.

When building a private house, any owner must also provide fire protection for wooden structures; this requirement is not in vain.

Fire impregnation of wood is carried out at the following intervals:

• before putting the facility into operation;
• every 5 years;
• as necessary, if during operation the properties of the impregnation do not provide protection.

The latter can be checked very simply: you need to remove small area shavings and set it on fire and, accordingly, if a fire occurs, treatment with a fire retardant is necessary.

Fire protection wooden base is a measure to ensure fire safety requirements that must be followed throughout the entire Russian Federation.

List of wood processing methods:

1. Performance finishing works using special fireproof materials.
2. Measures to increase the fire resistance limit.
3. Fire-retardant impregnation for wood using paint and varnish coating.
4. At the design stage, it is chosen which method to apply to specific design. The inspection is carried out by a representative of the fire service.

Fire protective treatment required for the following items:

• rafter structures (load-bearing and non-load-bearing);
• timber walls;
• coatings and floors;
• beams;
• shingles for plaster;
• wooden panels inside and outside;
• other wooden surfaces.

On video: fire retardant wood treatment.

Types of impregnations

The fire retardant composition for wood is selected based on the following parameters:

• Areas of use;
• appointments.

In total there are 3 types of impregnations against accidental fires or fires wood materials: acidic, alkaline, saline. In this case, specialized fire retardants, paints, varnishes or enamels are used for surface treatment of wood. After their application, it forms thin layer. Water salt solutions used for deep processing of structural elements.

Although these methods are widely used in practice due to their effectiveness, fire-prevention treatment is very successful. It not only meets fire safety requirements, but also fully guarantees:

• ensuring a high level of protection;
• long-term processing efficiency;
• consistency in color choice;
• compatibility with almost all further coatings;
• safety for both nature and people or animals.

Acidic compounds

This The best decision for impregnation of wood from fire. In this case, the color of the material does not change, and its structure remains the same. Acidic agent provides additional strength structural element, while the wood “breathes” and fully retains its properties. A huge range of products is available in retail outlets.

Alkaline compounds

The effectiveness of using such impregnations is low due to the disruption of the wood structure, so they are not recommended for treating visible areas. Such compositions are commercially available and their price is low compared to acid solutions.

Saline solutions

These formulations are not as effective. After treatment, salt stains appear over time, which not only spoil appearance tree, it becomes necessary to carry out the processing again. As a rule, for external work the validity period of such coating is no more than 2 years, and for internal work - no more than 5 years.

It’s easy to prepare saline solutions yourself; the only drawback is that you can’t calculate the proportions.

Fire-retardant impregnation of wood on any basis contains substances that melt when ignited, forming a thin film, which in turn creates an obstacle to oxygen. Impregnation compositions based on alkalis, when in direct contact with fire, produce gases to prevent the persecution or spread of fire.

A preparation based on urea or furan-urea resins has gained great popularity, since it provides not only fire resistance, but also direct resistance to the perception of mechanical loads.

Among other things, the fire retardant drug is divided into:

• resistant to external manifestations - for outdoor work;
• unstable to atmospheric factors - for interior work.

Today there is a whole range of fire retardants on sale, which provide fire protection properties.

Application of fire retardant paint

The very principle of impregnating wood against fire using the painting method is somewhat different from the direct effect of impregnation. Coating with antiseptic and fire-fighting compounds creates a layer to prevent heating and further fire of the structure. Once the wood reaches its combustion temperature, water and inert gases begin to be released. In addition, modern fire-retardant paints for wood have 2 functions simultaneously:

• from rotting;
• from fire or elevated temperatures.

Fire retardant paint is applied to the surface using rollers, brushes or a spray gun. The very frequency of wood treatment with a fire retardant coating is indicated by the manufacturer on the packaging, and even reaches up to 10 years.

Operating principle of wood fire protection:

Name of the main property of the paint	Efficiency	Properties when exposed to ignition	Note
Intumescent	1st efficiency group	During the period of direct influence of open fire, the pores formed by the paint crack, and at the same time, water and gas are released, including the expansion of the non-flammable layer.	Depending on the selected material, the thickness of the intumescent layer increases and ranges from 10 to 40 times.
Anti-intumescent	The layer providing thermal protection is present initially. The material includes liquid glass and fillers for creating fire protection, as well as fire retardants.	Fire retardant compounds for wood belonging to this category actively resist fire for 2 hours.	The fire safety class of wood increases by 1 level.

Wood compositions that provide fire protection are easy to select in a store, according to the manufacturer’s specifications.

Properties of fire retardant varnish

This paint and varnish material has all the properties for fire protection, as well as its functional purpose– for decorative application. When choosing this product and using it, the structure of the wood is preserved.

Fire-resistant varnish impregnation is used not only for processing the wood from which the structure is built, but also for covering furniture, wooden floors, laminate and other surfaces.

The main properties of this varnish include the following:

• the composition for wood ensures the fire resistance of the structure for a period of 6 to 10 years;
• Can be applied to a previously painted surface, except for a pre-applied water-based coating;
• Work with fire-resistant varnishes must be carried out at a temperature of at least +5 degrees;
• wood treatment after application increases fire protection;
• Fire protection varnish can be matte or semi-matte.

This fire-bioprotective impregnation is fully compatible with non-expanding materials. In this case, there is no need to additionally apply a layer of antiseptic.

additional information

Wood processing is necessary, and there is also other important information about this:

• Fire retardant materials for wood, despite their relatively high price, quickly pay for themselves, especially since their consumption per 1 m2 is not so high. This characteristic is indicated by the manufacturer. In addition, it also contains an antiseptic.
• The drug intended for processing must have a certificate of conformity.
• Fire retardant treatment at enterprises is carried out by specialized organizations.
• The layer impregnated with a fire retardant composition will last a long time.
• The resulting fire will not affect all structures.
• The purchased drug should not be skimped on when applied, otherwise the desired effect will not be ensured.

Fire protection of wood. Experiment (1 video)

Facilities:

In the old days, the only way to protect a building from fire was to use non-combustible materials, the main one of which was stone. And the main fire protection in wooden buildings there was an icon Mother of God « Burning bush", which is a rather controversial decision from an efficiency point of view. Subsequently, the industry began to produce various impregnating and coating compositions that perform two main functions of ensuring fire safety: increasing the fire resistance of the original building material and reducing the impact of high temperatures in the event of a fire. Today it is no longer possible to commission a construction project or structure if it does not meet existing standards fire safety, one of the components of which is protection from flames and high temperatures.

Nowadays in the fire protection market materials and structures are used as traditional methods, as well as modern developments. You need to understand that along with the development of technology, the fire safety requirements, and traditional methods are increasingly less able to meet them.

The main traditional way to increase the fire resistance of wooden structures is impregnation various compositions based on fire retardants. The principle of action of fire retardants is based on knowledge of the combustion process of wood, which, when heated, releases flammable gases (partially liquids). That is, it is not the wood itself that burns, but the gases that are formed. The purpose of the fire retardant is to reduce the release of flammable liquids and gases, thereby inhibiting the combustion process.

At the same time, solving the problem of reducing the spread of flame, such impregnations significantly increase smoke formation. Indeed, it is known that what more efficient process combustion, the less smoke is produced. That is, by removing one negative fire factor, fire retardant impregnations aggravate another. And smoke during a fire is recognized as the main factor in the death of victims.

Another disadvantage of such fire-prevention impregnations of wooden structures is associated with the technology of their application.

There are two methods: deep impregnation and surface impregnation.

The first is possible only in autoclaves with complete immersion of the material in the composition. This method is very expensive and is rarely used. But the main thing is that this method cannot be used on already erected structures, which sharply reduces the scope of its application.

Surface impregnation with fire retardants is much cheaper and until recently was the main method of fire protection of wooden structures. The technology for applying the composition is quite simple and practically does not differ from the technology of painting by spraying or brushing. Downside ease of application is the fragility of the protective layer. There are months for the construction industry that are very short. And after six months, the whole process must be repeated again. Not only are fire retardants on on different basis(there are alkaline and acidic compounds) are incompatible, often to carry out such work it is necessary to violate interior decoration premises or building cladding. At the same time, dust and fluff accumulate in the voids of structures over time, and repeated protection is no longer as effective. In addition, fire retardant impregnation is ineffective on wood-based surfaces due to their manufacturing technology.

Approximately the same situation is observed in the issue of fire protection. metal structures. At the same time, if previously the fire resistance of metal structures was the province of a fairly narrow circle of construction, mainly industrial facilities, today the fire protection requirements for building materials have increased significantly. This is due, among other things, to the increased use in construction of finishing materials based on polymers, the combustion temperature of which lies in the range of 1100-1300 °C. The importance of fire-retardant coatings on metal structures can be understood by remembering why the Twin Towers collapsed.

Traditional and until recently the only fire protection technology steel structures consists of applying a fireproof heat-resistant plaster mortar(usually cement-sand) onto a steel mesh attached to the structure. Naturally, this significantly increases the weight of the structure, and, consequently, the value of the design cross-section of the metal structure to ensure the design bearing capacity. However, there are no objective methods for measuring the fire retardant ability of such a solution. In addition, the damage already caused by fire cannot be assessed. protective covering.

In conditions modern requirements fire protection In world practice, traditional methods of forming fire-resistant coatings are being replaced at a high rate with new ones based on different principles of ensuring fire safety. More and more Russian companies are appearing - manufacturers of fireproof and refractory components and mixtures, many of them are introducing their own developments into production. Considering that in this segment price factor is one of the determining factors, it becomes clear that domestic producers there are quite high chances of finally ousting importers from the market.

Modern fire protection materials can withstand many hours of exposure open flame, while maintaining the temperature of the protected surface below the flash point.

Table 1. Tests of fire retardant compounds for weather resistance.

Name of test method	Fire retardants
	Weatherproof	Non-weather resistant
Assessment of fire retardant efficiency according to GOST 16363 (NPB 251)	+	+
Determination of flammability group according to GOST 30244	+	+
Hygroscopicity tests	-	+
Aging resistance tests	+	+
Correlating Effect Tests	+	+
Tests over time in room conditions	-	+
Adhesion tests	+	+
Water resistance tests	+	-
Weather stability tests	+	-
Elasticity tests	+	+
Impact tests	+	+

Fire protection means

Today there are three main means of fire protection of materials:

• fireproof plates,
• coatings,
• paints and varnishes.

The main components for the manufacture of fireproof boards are expanded perlite and vermiculite. Such plates are used for fire protection of metal structures. These materials have extremely low thermal conductivity, especially compared to traditional protection, and are very easy to process without using special tool. This greatly simplifies fire protection for structures of non-standard geometric shapes, as well as the protection of joints and seams. Installation of such slabs is carried out directly on site finished design using special fireproof adhesive composition. The service life of such plates is comparable to the service life of the metal structure.

A huge advantage is also the low weight of fire protection made from such slabs, which ultimately reduces the overall cost of the structure, since it does not impose additional requirements on its load-bearing capacity.

In addition, such plates perform the function of sound insulation.

Coatings make up a large group of fire-retardant materials based on liquid glass with various fillers. Liquid glass, due to its mineral origin, not only has increased resistance to high thermal loads, but is also practically immune to the effects of open fire. This allows us to consider it as an advanced promising binder base for the development and production of fire-resistant and fire-retardant composites. In addition, high adhesion to a wide variety of materials allows the use of coatings based on it without special preparation of the surface being treated. For fillers of such a mixture, various fire-resistant materials are used (asbestos, vermiculite, graphite). Fire retardant coatings are mainly used to protect metal structures and air ducts.

Table 2. Composition of fire-retardant coating and consumption of components per 1 m2 of protected surface.

Name of components	Content of components,% wt.	Consumption of components per 1 m2 of surface, g
Superphosphate (GOST 5956-78)	70,0	1120
Water	30,0	480
Total:	100,0	1600

One of the most promising directions fire retardant materials are protective varnishes and paints. It's complicated composite materials, changing their thermophysical characteristics during a fire under the influence of high temperatures.

Here are just the main advantages of fire retardant materials of this type:

• slight increase in weight of the structure,
• simple technology for applying a protective layer,
• the same fire protection can be applied to any material: metal, wood, composites,
• protection can be easily reapplied after expiration or after destruction by thermal effects,
• changing the number of layers allows you to apply a coating with any required level of fire protection,
• the coating can be used as a finishing decorative finish,
• The introduction of fire retardant into the composition of modern fire-resistant paints allows them, under certain conditions, to extinguish an incipient fire.

The regulation of fire-retardant properties by the number of layers is due to the main properties of intumescent fire-retardant paints - swelling under the influence of high temperatures. Moreover, under the influence of thermal decomposition as a result chemical reaction foaming occurs with the absorption of thermal energy during which vapors and inert gases are released. In this case, the paint layer increases in volume from 18 to 42 times. The basis for such paints can be potassium silicate liquid glass, chlorinated rubber varnish and water. The latter are water-polymer suspensions with biocidal, modifying and stabilizing additives, and can be used on any surface, including wood.

Counterfeit fire protection products

The main problem of the market of modern fireproof materials is a large number of fakes According to various estimates, from 50 to 90% of the market is occupied by fakes. Therefore, if it is necessary to really ensure high-quality protection of a structure from fire, you need to take the choice of a supplier and study the documentation provided very seriously.

materials on the topic

New STEELGUARD™ 601 and 651 Fire Retardant Coatings from PPG

PPG's new STEELGUARD™ 601 and 651 fire retardant intumescent coatings can save time, save lives and minimize potential damage. Steel used in construction work and in modern building design must correspond to special technical requirements and have the appropriate characteristics, as well as a special protective coating that would not only be smooth, but would also look aesthetically beautiful.

The paint and varnish industry is currently the most in-demand industry. Products belonging to this category are produced all over the world. All sectors of our life are, in one way or another, connected with the paint and varnish industry.

Increasingly, people are concerned about the need to protect their homes, work and production premises, etc. from ignitions. Fire protection of materials and structures has become a hot topic. Customers are taking an increasingly serious approach when checking the use of fire protection in building structures made of various materials and even metal. The paints used in construction that are supposedly “non-flammable” are most carefully tested. But, unfortunately, most building materials are resistant to fire only on paper. In reality, everything is completely different.

Any wooden structures who are in the house need additional protection from fire. Special compounds can increase the fire safety of wood and protect it from fire. We will learn further about the features of choosing, applying and calculating fire protection for wooden structures.

Material for fire protection of wooden structures

Before getting acquainted with the types of compositions that protect wood from fire, we suggest studying the requirements for this type of composition. All impregnations that are applied to wooden surfaces must:

1. Have high degree fire protection.

All compositions are divided into two groups of fire protection for wooden structures: I and II. Each composition is assigned to these groups after careful study. During the study, the composition is exposed to fire for two minutes. If weight loss is more than ten percent, the composition belongs to group number two, more high-quality compositions belong to the first group. Moreover, if the level of weight loss is more than twenty-five percent, these compounds cannot properly cope with fire protection.

2. Ensure proper protection of wood from exposure high temperature.

To determine the fire safety of a tree, its flammability and susceptibility to ignition are calculated, as well as Special attention focuses on smoke generation and toxicity.

3. Be confirmed by certificates and documents evidencing and high quality compositions.

First of all, the document indicates the degree of protection of objects from fire. In addition, the absence of toxic substances in the solution is recorded in the appropriate certificate with sanitary standards.

4. Pay attention to the level of material consumption - it should be as low as possible, but at the same time, the impregnation should be highly efficient.

5. The type of composition and the type of surface being treated must match each other.

There are universal and special impregnations. The former are suitable for several surface options at once, while the latter are used only for wood, concrete, plastic, etc.

6. The manufacturability of impregnation lies in the absence additional work by diluting the composition, applying with a brush or roller.

7. In addition, an important role should be given to the aesthetic appeal of the surface after applying the composition. After impregnation, the surface should not change color or texture. This is especially true for wood. After applying varnish, the level of fire protection of wood should not decrease.

There are a large number of materials used to protect wood from fire. First of all, let us note paint and varnish compositions, for application using a brush, roller or spray. In addition, to increase fire protection, materials are used in the form of:

1. GVL - profile parts of the structure are treated with additional solutions. Installing non-combustible gypsum fiber boards prevents contact between the wood and the thermal energy that affects it. If it is not possible to treat the material with impregnations, then it is recommended to install just such slabs.

2. Another option is to use rolled fire protection for wood. The material has the form of foil insulation. Such fire protection is applied if the application is carried out in hard-to-reach places, such as an attic or attic.

3. Design options protecting wood from fire involves the use of special fire-resistant belts. Such elements prevent the spread of fire and increase the effectiveness of fire protection. In special technological map and in the fire protection project the installation locations of these structures are indicated.

4. Additional items which provide fire protection. For these purposes, a brick frame is built on wooden structures, or the walls are treated with a plaster solution with vermiculite.

Selection of fire protection for wooden structures SNIPs

When choosing fire protection for wood, you should be extremely careful. Since this material is easily combustible and must be properly protected from fire.

Most often, fire protection is entrusted to specialized companies that develop design documentation, schemes and fire protection methods in advance. If the work area is small, then it is quite possible to carry out fire protection yourself without the involvement of outside specialists.

When choosing a composition to protect wood from fire, pay attention to the following indicators:

1. Fire resistance level. The best ingredients are pastes and mastics. Compositions with lubricating characteristics provide a high degree and effectiveness of wood protection. To determine the quality of processing, it is enough to carry out visual inspection treated area. However, these compositions also have certain disadvantages. First of all, this reduces the attractiveness of the appearance of the coating. Therefore, the relevance of their use is achieved in hidden areas, with a low level of access.

2. The second property of high-quality fire protection is resistance to precipitation and adverse factors external environment. Treat facades with frost-resistant varnish water based Not recommended. Water impregnations washes off easily. External areas are treated with silicone-based compounds that contain synthetic substances. After applying this composition, the wood is covered with any type of paint, without losing its fire-retardant characteristics. These compositions are indelible or slightly washable.

3. Aesthetic indicators are important if the wood is located in visible areas. In this case, we recommend turning to varnishes or compositions that have liquid foundation. After their application, neither the color nor the texture of the wood changes. Some impregnations are also colorless and not only protect the wood from fire, but also highlight its texture. Some paints contain fire-resistant components, thus both coloring and fire protection of wood is carried out.

4. Level of fire protection - you can easily find out this coefficient by looking at the packaging of the composition. The instructions also indicate the optimal number of layers to be applied to the wooden surface.

The duration and effectiveness of impregnations is determined not only by their quality, but also by compliance with application technology.

Tool for fire protection of wooden structures

Depending on the type of composition used, a tool is selected to provide fire protection:

1. A device in the form of a spray gun - used only when applying paints or varnishes to wood. It is not recommended to use for applying impregnations deep penetration. Evenly and quickly distributes the composition on the surface.

2. Some compositions are applied directly to the wooden surface; if it was previously painted, then it is necessary to remove the old paint. This will require availability construction hair dryer and spatulas.

3. Using an autoclave, it is possible to deeply impregnate wood. Thus, even when exposed to excessively high temperatures and open fire, the wood will not burn. The depth of fire protection is ensured by selective cutting.

4. In some cases, impregnation is applied using the hot method. cold bath. This method application of materials provides the highest degree of fire protection. In this case, you will need a special container, inside which the timber is heated, followed by the application of the composition and the process of cooling it.

Fire protection technology for wooden roof structures

Every roof that has wooden elements needs fire protection. This rule is specified in SNiP requirements for fire protection of wooden structures. If you do not protect the roof from fire, then in the event of a fire, the first thing that will happen is the stability will decrease. load-bearing elements and the roof collapses. To select materials that provide fire protection for the roof, you should refer to such regulatory documents as GOST and SNiP.

A fire protection project for wooden structures is drawn up in advance. There are five main fire resistance classes. In the process of roofing treatment, there are also five main subtypes of this treatment.

The use of standard impregnations makes it possible to improve the roof's resistance to fire for several hours. However, this fire protection option is mandatory, but not the only one. In addition, special design solutions must be used that are suitable Construction Materials, improving the fire resistance of the building.

Besides, additional funds fire protection are determined climatic features region, area of ​​application of the building, type of wood, etc.

If the building has attic floor, then its fire resistance coefficient must exceed 45R. In children's and preschool institutions, all wooden structures are subject to mandatory plastering. For processing rafters use paints and varnishes. In residential apartment buildings Only non-flammable substances are used as finishing materials for roofing.

First of all, fire protection must perform the function of preventing the development of fire until the arrival of special services. Work on fire protection of wooden structures is carried out in special in the prescribed manner. The following elements can be processed on the roof:

• trusses, rafter system and arches - in this way it is possible to prevent their ignition and reduction of the strength of the roof under the influence of open fire, such impregnation is applied to roofs of any purpose, both in single-story and multi-story buildings;
• sheathing processing roofing system- this process is required if, as a finishing material used for roofing bitumen shingles and other materials prone to fire;
• If the floor slabs are also on the roof, they must also be processed.

Methods and testing of fire protection of wooden structures

In order to increase the fire resistance of the roof, it is necessary to perform comprehensive fire protection. That is, applying impregnation alone will not be enough. Among the main methods of roof fire protection, we note:

1. Applying fire retardant mastics - a brush is used for this. Try to apply the composition without missing the slightest element. The quality and service life of fire protection depends on this.

2. Insulation with fire-fighting characteristics - when insulating the roof, we recommend installing materials that are not prone to fire. Such insulation not only prevents fire, but also protects the wood from heat.

3. Coating the roof with fire-retardant paint provides long-term protection of wood from fire. During the heating process, this material releases substances such as water and gas. A special protective layer is formed on the wood.

4. If wood is processed using the heating bath method, it is recommended to apply impregnation. This type processing is different low level material consumption and high efficiency.

5. The option of backfilling the roof with gravel is possible - this is only relevant if the total thickness of the waterproofing layer is no more than 0.6 cm.

6. In order to protect metal roofing objects, special fire retardant pastes are used.

7. It is possible to combine several compounds to provide fire protection.

If, when applied to wooden surfaces, it is necessary to preserve the color of the wood, then we recommend choosing a varnish with fire-retardant characteristics. In addition, varnishes protect the wood from moisture and temperature changes.

By using paints and enamels, it is possible to simultaneously not only paint, but also protect the wood from fire. In this case, the composition can be applied using any in a convenient way- brush, roller or spray.

Technical and attic spaces are treated with pastes, mastics or other coatings. In this case, the aesthetic appeal of the treated surface is reduced, but the effectiveness of protection is improved.

Impregnations are applied airless or by heating a cold bath. Minimum temperature application of these compositions is five degrees.

In addition, materials for providing fire protection are divided into:

• internal;
• external.

The first option is not resistant to moisture or sudden temperature changes, but most often contains natural and harmless components. Impregnations for external works They have a synthetic base and resist moisture.

Fire-resistant wood treatment will help minimize the risk of fire. All modern compositions and fire-retardant coatings are tested and effectively cope with their function. Constant monitoring of the condition of treated wood surfaces confirms this.

Fireproofing methods for wood

Fire protection treatment of wooden structures is based on coating the protected material with a special composition. Its effectiveness is determined by adhesion to the treated wooden surface and physical and chemical properties. With a brief local exposure to an ignition source on the treated material, fire retardant compounds make it much easier to extinguish a fire, and sometimes even prevent its occurrence. wood can be treated by impregnation with anti-feathers. In case of local fire exposure, this method of protection allows only local charring of the material.

Requirements for fire protection treatment of wood and wooden structures

The effectiveness of a fire retardant coating directly depends on compliance with the requirements for its application technology, surface preparation and the condition of wooden structures. According to the rules, fire-fighting compounds must be applied to finished wooden crafts and structures that are not intended to be subjected to further machining. Their humidity should not be more than 15%. If there is a need to remove the protective layer from any wooden surfaces, additional processing is required. These actions are carried out in strict accordance with the technologies applied to this means of protection.

Before applying a fire retardant, the surface must be cleaned of dirt and dust. If the surface was previously covered with varnishes, paints, enamels, impregnations, etc., then it is necessary to clean it. Bitumen and oil stains should also be removed from wooden structures.

As already noted, fire protection treatment of wooden structures is carried out exclusively in conditions of completed construction with a relative air humidity of no more than 70% and only at positive air temperatures. It is strictly forbidden to carry out fireproofing work when exposed to precipitation, direct sun rays and negative temperatures.

Fire retardant can be applied

• by immersion,
• roller,
• brush,
• special installations,
• pneumatic sprayer.

Brands of enamels and paints must be specified in the technical documentation for the fire protection agent used. In case of using complex composition(surface protective treatment + fire-fighting composition) a certificate must be presented, which mentions the tests carried out confirming the fire retardant effect of this complex composition.

First fire resistance group

Cost per 1 square meter

1 Vuprotek-2

TU 2386-014-36740853-2001

This substance has a fire-retardant composition. Designed for processing wood structures. Its goal is to minimize the flammable properties of wood and other materials by wooden base and their antiseptics. In addition, Vouprotek-2 is an anesthetic for bricks. Gypsum and concrete structures.

The product is available in two forms: liquid and powder.

Specifications

Powdered product white, loose. The liquid is dirty brown to yellow-green.

To achieve fire protection of the first or second group, you need to consume the liquid form in an amount of 600 grams per square meter.

When using powder, you need to dissolve it in water. For the first group, the ratio is 1:1 (equal parts of powder and water). In this case, the consumption of the powder itself will be 170 grams per square meter. To dissolve the product in water, the water must be at least 50 ° C

Voyprotek-2 powder can be stored for no more than one year from the date of its manufacture.

The validity period of the applied fire retardant composition lasts (with strict adherence to the application technology):

indoors for at least 10 years (both liquid and powder composition).

When operating under a canopy in an industrial atmosphere (temperate climate) for at least 2 years.

When storing the composition at temperatures below 5°, the quality does not decrease.

Package:

Bag - 25 kg, canister, polyethylene - 50 kg.

Bucket, polyethylene, 10 kg.

Application method:

*First of all, the surface must be cleaned of dirt and dust deposits. Surfaces previously coated with enamels, varnishes, paints, as well as those contaminated with bitumen and oils, must be completely cleaned.

*The surface can be treated only if the wood moisture content does not exceed 15% and the temperature does not fall below 5 °C.

The fire retardant composition can be applied either with a spray gun or by dipping or brushing. Best results can be achieved by applying the composition 3-4 times. In this case, each layer must dry for at least 5-6 hours (average temperature environment 20°).

*The fire retardant begins to interact with wood after 7-10 days. After this period of time, you can begin to monitor the effectiveness of fire protection.

*Sanitary and epidemiological conclusion: No. 52.NTs.04.238.P.000930.09.05 dated 09.09.2005

*Compliance (certificate): No. ROSS RU. BB02.N04150 dated 06/18/2008

*Fire safety (certificates): SSPB.RU.UP001.V07066 dated June 18, 2008, No. SSPB.RU. UP001.V07065

2 ATCM

Aqueous solution of inorganic compounds:

1 Biologically active antiseptic substances;

2 Anti-feathers.

The composition effectively protects wooden surfaces from rotting and fire.

Brand 1 (composition “KSD-A”) provides the first group of fire protection (consumption of at least 0.40 kilograms per square meter). The second group should be protected with a flow rate of 0.18 kilograms per square meter.

The composition of the first brand allows:

Double the critical heat flux density;

Convert wood materials into low-combustible materials;

Reduce the mass fraction of wood burnout by 4 times;

• Prevents flame from spreading over the wood surface Jр.п.=0 (untreated surface Jр.п.=55);

Reduce smoke generation capacity by 2.5 times;

Increase the amount of time before ignition by 8 times;

At a temperature of 450 °C, reduce the toxicity of products by half.

The service life of wood coated with this composition (KDSA-A, grade 1) in enclosed spaces without heating is 10 years. Deep impregnation extends the life up to 30 years.

Fire protection of wooden structures

Fire protection - technical measures aimed at increasing fire resistance and (or) reducing fire danger buildings, structures, building structures.

There are three ways to protect wood from fire:

Structural fire protection (structural fire protection of wood, which is carried out at the design stage, by increasing sections in constituent elements, equipping the future building with additional ventilation units)

Cladding of building structures with heat-protective screens (CBF, mats, enamel, intumescent paint and varnish)

Chemical methods (which is carried out during direct construction, through the treatment of wood products with special compounds. Means of passive protection of wood are divided into antiseptics and fire retardants, some manufacturers produce combined products with elements of double protection. Fire protection of wood and structures made from it is carried out with fire retardants that are safe for human health and easy to use. Chemical compositions, with the help of which fire protection of wood is carried out, are subject to mandatory certification. If the product is imported, then it is additionally tested at the VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia.).

Fire protection tasks

Fire Prevention

Stopping the development of the initial stage of a fire

Creating “passive localization” of a fire

Classification of fire retardant compounds (chemical methods of protection)

Fire retardant compounds for wood are divided into groups depending on the effectiveness of fire protection:

Group I - processing of wood with a composition of Group I - production of fire-resistant wood (mass loss prototype during combustion under conditions determined by the methodology, no more than 9%));

Group II - processing of wood with a composition of Group II - obtaining low-flammability wood (weight loss from 9% to 25%);

Group III - compositions that, according to the results of fire tests, are not classified as fire retardant.

Certification of fire retardant compounds is mandatory. In particular, it is carried out at the Federal State Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of the Russian Federation.

Scope of application of fire retardant compounds

Treatment rafter system buildings

Treatment of floorboards, walls and other wooden surfaces indoors and outdoors

Processing of lumber during long-term storage outdoors, as well as during long-term transportation

Restrictions on the use of fire-retardant compounds

The compositions cannot be applied to damp wood (humidity up to 20%, for more information about wood moisture content, see wood properties). Do not apply fire retardant compounds to surfaces previously painted. Do not apply wood compounds to plastic, metal, concrete, plaster, electrical cable, putty, brick.

Mechanism of action of fire retardants

The action of fire retardants is based on the fact that if there is a certain concentration of such compounds in wood, they prevent combustion without a flame source. When wood is exposed to fire, various physical and chemical processes occur, on the properties of which the fire retardant effect of fire retardants is based. This can be the melting of fusible substances, such as salts of phosphoric, boric, and silicic acids. When heated, wood containing such a fire retardant forms a melted film, which limits the access of oxygen to the surface. As a result, part of the heat is spent on melting the fire retardant. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the ignition temperature of wood, and, therefore, to its protection. To protect wood from fire, they also use the properties of certain substances that decompose when heated and release gases that do not support combustion (ammonia, sulfur dioxide). Non-flammable substances pushes oxygen away from the surface of the wood and thereby prevents combustion.

Classification of fire retardant compounds for wooden structures.

All fire-retardant compounds for wood are divided into fire-retardant coatings and impregnating fire-retardant impregnations for wood. The first include varnishes, paints, pastes and coatings containing fire retardants. Fire retardant paints for wood, like any surface treatment, often spoil the texture and appearance of wood. Therefore, they are used to process non-visible parts of the structure. For decorative and visible parts of structures, it is preferable to use fire retardant impregnation for wood, which preserves natural beauty and the texture of solid wood.. With this technology solid wood literally impregnated with fire retardants. At the same time, they penetrate deeply and evenly into the thickness of the wood, creating the most durable and effective fire protection for wooden structures. Impregnating mixtures for fire protection of wood are divided into water-soluble and organic-soluble. The latest application technology requires the use of caustic and hazardous solvents. Therefore, safer water-soluble fire retardant impregnations for wood are often used.

Based on resistance to leaching of fire retardants from wood, all water-soluble wood fire protection products are divided into:

For easily washable products;

Washable wood fire retardants;

Hard-to-wash products;

Non-washable fire protection means for wooden structures.

Often, impregnations for fire-retardant wood treatment are used to treat wooden structures operated in conditions that exclude direct and prolonged exposure to moisture. Therefore, among water-based wood fire protection products, easily washable and washable compositions are the most widely represented.

On the domestic market of fire retardant impregnations for wood, mixtures of complex action are most represented. They combine fire retardant and antiseptic functions, since some fire retardants are also fungicides.