Pyrolysis boiler using pellets. Pellet boilers produced by Pyrolysis Master
The problem of reducing heating costs today comes first for many categories of citizens. It especially affected owners of private houses with individual heating systems, sewerage and water supply. Very often, pellet heating boilers are a smart solution to reduce costs.
Pellet boiler Ekoret from VIADRUS with a fuel hopper
Boilers of this type have only recently become widespread in Russian homes, but due to their low price, cheap fuel and ease of maintenance, they are increasingly being installed for space heating. Below we will consider the design features and the principle on which pellet boilers operate. Customer reviews given in the article will help you evaluate the pros and cons of purchasing a pyrolysis boiler using pellets.
Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis is the decomposition of organic compounds at high temperatures Oh. With the access of oxygen, the pyrolysis process turns into normal combustion. If the access of oxygen is limited, then the hydrocarbon fuel will decompose into low molecular weight flammable compounds and slag. In the case of wood pyrolysis, a mixture of gases is formed methyl alcohol, acetone, benzene and a small amount of other flammable substances and almost pure carbon with impurities of metal oxides.
More recently, it was widely used as a fuel. charcoal- fuel that is obtained by burning wood without access to air in coal pits. This traditional type leads to significant losses of thermal energy during primary combustion. A modern solid fuel pellet boiler is free of this drawback and is able to fully utilize thermal energy, which is formed during the pyrolysis of wood. Therefore, such a device is also called a gas generator.
Operating principle of a pellet boiler
Long-burning pellet boilers consist of three separate mechanisms:
- directly to the boiler with the burner;
- conveyor for feeding granules;
A pellet boiler operates as follows:
- pellets are loaded into a fuel bunker;
- pellets are supplied to the boiler by a screw conveyor;
- In the boiler furnace, the pellets burn and heat the coolant.
Boilers for heating using pellets use the “top-down” principle of fuel combustion. In this case, combustion is much slower than in a conventional firebox, where the fuel burns “from bottom to top” and circulating heated gas flows involve layers of fuel that are higher in the process. Structurally, this can be solved as follows.
In the firebox itself there is a burner with a nozzle for supplying heated air directly to the combustion zone. Thanks to this, it becomes possible to control the rate of fuel combustion, moving the fire zone gradually downward. The supply of heated air makes it possible to burn fuel in the most in full. In this case, ash and soot are formed in a minimum amount, and the efficiency (coefficient useful action) of boilers operating on pellets increases to 96%.
This operating mechanism ensures gradual combustion of the fuel. Long-burning boilers using pellets can operate on one load for more than a day, which makes this equipment quite convenient for use at home. In addition, the presence of equipment in the design fuel bunker makes it possible to automate the operation of heating equipment as much as possible.
Design and internal arrangement
Boilers are similar in design to general scheme, according to which everything is made solid fuel boilers. However, they have some peculiarities. For example, the size of the firebox in these models is much smaller, since their heat exchanger heats up not so much due to open flame, how much due to hot air in convection channels. This allows for more complete use of thermal energy. The exhaust gas temperature in equipment of this design usually does not exceed 150 degrees Celsius.
The firebox of a pyrolysis boiler using pellets is designed to allow control of the air supply into it. The presence of a fuel bunker allows you to control the supply of pellets into it with the ability to adjust the combustion speed and temperature. Due to this, it is possible to regulate the heating temperature of the coolant in the system. Structurally, this is solved by installing a screw conveyor, which directly supplies fuel.
For the manufacture of pellet heating boilers, high-strength steel alloys are most often used. The firebox and heat exchanger are made of corrosion-resistant cast iron. It should be noted that the service life of cast iron boilers can reach 45 years, which is much longer than the performance of equipment made of steel.
Pellet granules are ignited using a special electric heating element. A fan blows air into the firebox. After the equipment enters operating mode, the electrical circuit is switched off. Thus, pellet boilers consume very little electricity.
Automatic operation
Modern models long-burning boilers using pellets are necessarily equipped with an automatic system that supplies pellets to the firebox according to a specific program, and also turns the burner on and off to save fuel consumption and maintain the set temperature regime, which may change during the day. The control panel is located on the boiler itself or on the remote control.
A medium-sized 25-kilowatt pellet boiler, whose fuel consumption is approximately 5 kg of fuel per day, is equipped with a hopper with a capacity of 250 to 350 liters. Thus, continuous fully automatic operation of the equipment can be carried out for at least three days. With the installation of an external bunker, this time can be further increased.
External bunker design
Due to the fact that pellets are supplied to the boiler in doses, the burner does not overheat and all equipment can be turned off remotely by stopping the fuel supply. In this case, the boiler will automatically stop working after a few minutes, when the loaded dose of pellet granules has completely burned.
Equipment cost and customer reviews
In general, the price of solid fuel boilers is not the most strong place this equipment. The fact is that boilers running on pellets are significantly more expensive, for example, gas equipment the same power. However, significant operating savings due to the availability and low cost of fuel ensure its high demand.
If we talk about the price level, we can provide the following data. Pellet boiler Zota ( Russian production) with a power of 15 kW costs approximately 150 thousand rubles. The price of the most powerful one (with a power of 100 kW) is about 350 thousand rubles. The owners of these boilers note that the cost of one kW of thermal energy costs no more than 1 ruble. (subject to the purchase of fuel at a price of up to 4.00 rubles/kg).
A Grandeg pellet boiler (manufactured in Latvia) with a power of 25 kW is sold for an average of 250 thousand rubles. A 100-kilowatt boiler from the same manufacturer will cost 500 thousand.
If we analyze the reviews of the owners of this equipment, we can note that they all confirm the significant efficiency of heating equipment of this type and ease of use. Pellet boiler room in one heating season will save tens of thousands of rubles on fuel alone.
In addition, pellet heating boilers are characterized by silent operation and ergonomic design.
Some owners complain that this equipment needs to be connected to electrical network. However, such devices consume very little electricity.
The price for pellets is about 5,500 rubles per ton, i.e. one kilogram costs about 5-6 rubles on average. If necessary, you can set up the production of pellets by purchasing necessary equipment or making it yourself.
The video below shows how a pellet boiler works.
Just a couple of years ago, long-burning solid fuel boilers were “unaffordable” in price for the average person. Today the situation has changed, and that's it more people want to buy such a “miracle of technology”. As you know, demand creates supply. Long-burning solid fuel boilers began to be made not only by factories with ten years of experience, but also by local “Kulibins” in garages. In this article we will try to understand how such boilers work, how to choose a boiler and what you should pay attention to.
Long-burning solid fuel boilers are divided according to combustion type:
- Regular (classic).
- Pyrolysis (gas generator).
By type of fuel:
- Pellet.
- Coal - wood.
Operating time from 8 to 48 hours.
- does not depend on electricity;
- efficiency;
- availability;
- unpretentiousness in fuel;
- ease of maintenance.
- Efficiency up to 70%;
- requires additional expensive equipment to regulate temperature;
- frequent cleaning.
Operating time from 12 hours to 7 days.
- Efficiency 90 - 92%;
- large time intervals between fuel additions;
- fully adjustable;
- burns fuel completely (minimal cleaning);
- environmental friendliness;
- safety.
- requires electrical connection;
- picky about fuel;
- price;
- short-lived.
Working time up to several weeks.
- longest operating time;
- minimal maintenance and cleaning;
- greater fuel economy;
- Efficiency up to 96%;
- automatic control.
- dependence on electricity;
- picky about fuel;
- price.
Pellets are small cylindrical granules made from waste wood, peat, straw, etc.
Pellet boilers- use the pyrolysis method of fuel combustion.
Pellet boilers are installed in parallel with the installation of automatic and semi-automatic fuel supply from a built-in or external bunker. This allows the boiler to operate from several hours to several weeks, according to a programmed pattern. The duration of operation in automatic mode is limited only by the availability of fuel.
Interesting - review of the pellet boiler model EKO-GT KPP.
Simple (or classical) and pyrolysis combustion
In a long-burning solid fuel boiler, wood, coal, etc. are burned. Let it be manual or other fuel loading. This process is familiar to any schoolchild who has made fires. But we will consider pyrolysis (or gas generator) combustion in detail.
Pyrolysis combustion occurs with a minimum of oxygen and high temperature, when the fuel breaks down into gas and solid residue, releasing heat. Pyrolysis gas, when combined with oxygen, produces a long and efficient process combustion.
Pyrolysis occurs in three stages.
In the combustion chamber of the boiler, the wood is completely dried and at a temperature of 450 ° C, the release of wood gas begins. Next, the pyrolysis gas merges with air, which is supplied through a telescopic pipe. The air flow is created by a fan in the boiler. The mixture of gases burns at t=560 °C.
Combustion maximally raises the temperature in the boiler to 1100 °C, where afterburning of the pyrolysis gas occurs. The duration of pyrolysis is longer, therefore, the efficiency of the boiler increases.
For pyrolysis combustion in the boiler, there are gates. Initially, the boiler operates in normal mode, and when it reaches set temperature, fuel is added to it, and, using a slide, it is installed efficient mode pyrolysis combustion. Pyrolysis combustion is easily controlled, which makes it possible to automate pyrolysis boilers.
Fuel loading methods
- Manual - everything is clear here, they opened the combustion chamber, loaded firewood or coal, and closed it. Cleaned of soot and tar. All. The boiler continues to operate.
- Semi-automatic - (pellet and some pyrolysis) boilers.
- Automatic - (pellet boilers only).
Please note that if the boiler passport says, for example - continuous burning up to 8 hours, then this is a calculation of combustion “on” coal, but if you use firewood (oak), then the combustion process takes half as long, that is, about 4 hours. And even less with pine wood.
When purchasing a boiler, pay attention to material from which the body is made- Is it cast iron or steel?
Cast iron - cast iron's high resistance to temperature and durability allows the use of cast iron boilers for burning any type of solid fuel, including coke, coal, wood and pellets.
Minus - it is afraid of sudden changes in coolant temperature (in case of improper replenishment or an accident). Fragile, not suitable for repair (only partially - sectional or complete replacement).
Steel ones are fussy about fuel (I would not recommend “heating” them with coal and coke). It is necessary to additionally pay attention to the thickness (5-6 mm) and steel grade. Not afraid of temperature changes, suitable for repair (electric welding).
Advice - when choosing a boiler, do not try to buy the longest burning one.
Firstly, it will be very expensive. Choose a boiler that runs on one load of fuel, preferably wood, for 8 - 12 hours. You laid the firewood in the morning, cleaned it (15-20 minutes), and boldly left for work or mind your own business. In the evening (at night) they put in the firewood, cleaned the boiler and that was it until the morning.
Secondly, you will still have to come to the boiler room a couple of times a day to monitor the operation of the boiler.
We hope our advice will help you do smart choice at the time of buying solid fuel boiler long burning.
It is rightfully considered that European pellet boilers are the best in their class of heating equipment. Although, in Lately several competitive Russian models have appeared, to create a boiler that will be identical in its parameters to the same “Germans” or “Czechs”, domestic manufacturer not yet able to.
European manufacturers of pellet boilers
Solid fuel pellet boilers from Europe, available to domestic consumers for more than 10 years recent years. During this time, manufacturers have studied the Russian market well and began to offer equipment more adapted to operating conditions and customer wishes.European heating boilers on pellets differ in the following parameters:
- Economical.
- Reliability.
- Minimal harmful emissions into the atmosphere when burning fuel.
- Automation of the combustion process.
- Long service life.
German pellet boilers
The leading manufacturers of pellet boilers in Germany are Buderus and Viessmann. The company's factories produce a wide range of water heating equipment and components necessary for the installation of heating systems. On this moment, products from German manufacturers have no competition in terms of quality and reliability:
German pellet boilers are distinguished by traditional build quality, reliability and full compliance specified in technical documentation parameters. All products are covered by a factory warranty.
Italian pellet boilers
Italian pellet boilers are somewhat inferior in performance and reliability to their German counterparts. They stand out due to the versatility of the equipment offered. The most popular products are from the following companies:
Italian manufacturers produce autonomous boilers on pellets, designed for simultaneous heating of heating and hot water systems, controlled by intelligent automation, operating on almost any type of fuel.
Polish pellet boilers
Boilers manufactured in Poland are presented in the lowest price segment. At the same time, the manufactured equipment is reliable and productive. The two most popular brands of equipment are Defro and Kostrzewa:
Polish pellet boilers have earned a reputation as reliable and unpretentious equipment with high degree automation and control.
Positive reviews about Polish boilers are gradually bringing Kostrzewa and Defro products into the class of the most popular pellet equipment.
Czech pellet boilers
Among the range of products of Czech manufacturers, boilers manufactured at the OPOP and Benekov factories stand out. In terms of performance, reliability and cost, the equipment is similar to German units:
The Czechs produce economical pellet boilers, characterized by a well-thought-out design and the absence of all unnecessary things. In the summer, models are capable of heating hot water.
Austrian pellet boiler
There are not so many Austrian companies producing pellet boilers, but they all enjoy constant popularity due to the high efficiency of the equipment offered. The low costs of pellets, together with high heat transfer, have made it possible to bring the cost of heating using pellets very close to that of mains gas:
Despite the initial costs, it is profitable to purchase Austrian heating equipment due to the economical costs of pellets during operation. All overpayments will be fully recouped over several years of service.
Finnish pellet boilers
Finnish pellet fuel boilers are not as familiar to domestic consumers as Italian and German units. Manufacturers from Finland are mainly associated with stove equipment for saunas, and solid fuel boilers for domestic and industrial purposes:
Finland produces “no frills” equipment designed for domestic operating conditions, productive and reliable.
Pricing policy for pellet boilers from Europe
The main disadvantage that distinguishes imported pellet boilers has always been their high cost. Compared to domestic units with similar characteristics, the price is often 2-3 times higher. average cost for boilers is as follows:- Pellet boilers from Finland for 30 kW will cost 360 thousand rubles. However, when choosing, it is necessary to take into account that the design does not provide for an automation system, remote control and other additional options.
- German pellet heating boilers for long burning - for full automation combustion process, self-cleaning system and others functionality, you will have to pay up to 500 thousand rubles. (30 kW boiler Buderus).
- Polish-made pellet boilers - a fully autonomous 25 kW thermal station produced by Kostrzewa, will cost approximately 280-300 thousand rubles. The price is given taking into account the simultaneous purchase of the Fuzzy Logic 2 logic control system.
- Czech-made pellet boilers are offered for approximately 320 thousand rubles. taking into account the usual configuration. Additionally, you will need to purchase silage to increase battery life, controller for remote control, etc.
- Pellet boilers from Austria - price guide from 280-320 thousand rubles. depending on the manufacturer and basic configuration. It is possible to connect a built-in tank for heating hot water (purchased separately).
German units will cost the most. Moreover, the cost is higher than the average price level, by 150-200 thousand rubles. than other analogues.
Another country that pampers its domestic consumer with “cheap” products is Italy. Pellet boilers, the same FACI, 30 kW will cost only 200 thousand rubles.
Are “Europeans” demanding of pellet quality?
The operating instructions directly state that wood pellets for heating boilers must meet the following requirements:- Wood origin.
- First class.
- The maximum percentage of ash content is not higher than 2-3%.
- White color.
If you plan to use low quality pellets, it is better to choose heating equipment, adapted to Russian conditions. Finnish units, as well as domestic analogues, are suitable.
Manufacturers reserve the right to refuse warranty service if it is proven that the boiler was fired with low-grade pellets.
Which pellet boiler is better, ours or imported one?
Why are imported pellet boilers better than analogues offered by domestic manufacturers?- Automation of the combustion process - unfortunately, Russian manufacturers often encounter defects that affect the operation of the equipment. If we take similar units from the same “Germans”, the boilers work without failures.
- Thermal efficiency - fuel consumption in imported pellet boilers is 10-15% less than Russian analogues. In some models, savings are even greater through the use of modulating burners and condensing units.
- Fuel quality – in this regard, domestic units, which are distinguished by their “omnivorous” nature, benefit from this.
- Cost - European models of “Western” assembly are 2-3 times more expensive than Russian products. The exception is Italian FACI, collected on the territory of the Russian Federation. The cost of such units is no higher than that of Russian heat generators.
Based on the type of fuel used, solid fuel boilers can be divided into wood burning(mainly intended for working with wood, wood waste, wood briquettes), pellet(using pressed wood waste pellets) and universal, for which the main fuel is coal, but you can also load firewood, wood briquettes and peat briquettes.
In addition, separate models of solid fuel top combustion devices, in which you can burn any listed species solid fuel. Such boilers are equipped with three types of air distribution nozzles on a telescopic pipe for supplying air to the combustion zone for three groups of fuel (coal, firewood/briquettes, pellets), as well as a spark deflector to maintain more efficient combustion. Modern models are equipped with a programmer that makes it easier to control the combustion process. Naturally, similar models are more expensive than traditional devices.
Read also: Principles for selecting and installing a gas boiler
When using a solid fuel boiler, it is important strictly adhere to fuel requirements For specific model. For example, if the device is intended for burning wood, then it is necessary to use hard non-coniferous logs with a moisture content of up to 20%. Application of wood with high humidity leads to underheating of the coolant during operation, to a reduction in the service life of the boiler as a whole, as well as to an increase in the amount of soot and condensate in the smoke, which causes faster clogging of the chimney. If we are talking about pellets, then their moisture content should not exceed 10%.
Average fuel consumption when using a solid fuel boiler in a cottage with an area of 100-200 m² it will be about 3-5 kg/h. If you use a storage container, you will need approximately 12-15 kg per day (in the coldest time - up to 20 kg).
Combustion chamber type
IN standard solid fuel boiler a fuel combustion process occurs, which is similar in principle to the operation of a conventional stove, where combustion is ensured by the natural flow of air. In this case, the resulting energy is spent on heating the coolant, distributed through the pipes leading to the radiators. In some cases, the boiler may be equipped with a fan to create additional draft, which increases combustion efficiency. The maximum operating time on one load of fuel in standard solid fuel boilers is 6-8 hours, so you will have to add fuel to the combustion chamber several times a day.
Unlike traditional pyrolysis solid fuel devices The chamber is divided into two parts. In one of them, called the gasification or loading chamber, fuel burns slowly at high temperature and lack of oxygen. As a result, wood gas is released, which burns out in the second chamber (combustion chamber) located below. With such combustion, almost no soot is formed and minimal amount ash. Wood gas burns with a very clean flame of yellow or almost white. These devices have greater efficiency (up to 85%) and allow automatic power control. The maximum combustion time of one load here is 8-12 hours, which, combined with a heat accumulator, allows you to reduce the frequency of fuel loading to 1-2 times a day. The disadvantages include not only the higher price compared to traditional solid fuel boilers, but also the need to use only dry firewood.
Read also: Boiler from an outlet. Electric heating is an effective alternative to gas
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Boilers that allow minimizing the number of loads imply top combustion. This occurs due to the fact that air is supplied to the high vertical combustion chamber using a telescopic pipe at the top of the chamber. At the end of the pipe there is a distributor, which may have different shapes For different types fuel. Under the influence of gravity during fuel combustion, the distributor moves down, providing constant influx air. In this case, the flame source gradually moves from top to bottom, thereby reducing the metal fatigue factor and extending the service life of the device. When using top-burning boilers, fuel is loaded every 12-70 hours. The duration of combustion here increases both due to the large capacity of the loading firebox, and due to the fact that not the entire volume of fuel burns, but only the upper 15-20 cm - the rest dries out and waits its turn.
Pellet solid fuel boilers usually represent a system of three components: the boiler itself with a burner, a screw feeder and a separate hopper with pellets. A burner for burning pellets is installed on the boiler body, which is located in the combustion chamber and to which fuel is supplied by an external screw. The operation of the auger is controlled by a photosensor built into the burner, which monitors the filling of the hopper with granules. After filling, the external auger turns off, and the internal one transports the fuel to the combustion grate, where it is ignited using electric spiral. To supply air to the combustion zone, a fan is installed under the burner. The operation process of the unit is automated and controlled using a control panel, on which the necessary settings are set, including the required temperature, the daily cycle of the boiler, its switching on and off. For safe work An automatic valve is provided that breaks the electrical circuit when the equipment overheats. Pellet boilers are easy to use; loading frequency depends on the size of the bunker and in most cases is done once every few days.
The essence of pyrolysis combustion technology (in other words, dry distillation) is that under the influence of high temperature and a lack of oxygen, wood decomposes into two components - volatile pyrolysis gas and charcoal (aka coke). This process occurs at temperatures from 200 to 800 degrees Celsius, and it is exothermic in nature, that is, it occurs with the release of heat. When pyrolysis gas is mixed with atmospheric oxygen at high temperatures, the combustion process starts, which is used to heat the house. Characteristic feature Such combustion is that the combustion of this gas requires significantly less oxygen than the combustion of wood during conventional firewood combustion, due to which the combustion temperature is higher, therefore, the efficiency and duration of combustion increases. In addition, pyrolysis gas reacts with active carbon during combustion, which ensures very high environmental friendliness of such combustion - the flue gases leaving the boiler contain very few harmful impurities. In fact, the smoke of such a boiler consists of carbon dioxide(its pyrolysis boiler emits up to three times less than usual) and ordinary water vapor. Ash and soot during pyrolysis combustion are also produced much less than during ordinary combustion.
The pyrolysis boiler operates in four stages:
1. Drying of wood and release of gas - this process occurs at a temperature of 450 degrees.
2. Combustion of wood gas mixed with secondary air - temperature 560 degrees.
3. Afterburning of pyrolysis gas at a temperature of 1100 degrees – the temperature maximum of the process.
4. Removal of exhaust gases using a chimney trunnion. At this stage the temperature does not exceed 160 degrees.
The pyrolysis boiler consists of several chambers and has gates for selecting the desired operating mode. The need for dampers is due to the fact that for the release and combustion of wood gas it is necessary to heat the boiler to fairly high temperatures, for which the boiler operates for some time in the mode of an ordinary solid fuel boiler. After reaching the desired temperature, the boiler chamber is completely loaded with firewood and the dampers are switched to the pyrolysis combustion mode.
Prospects for pyrolysis boilers for the Russian market.
In Russia solid fuel is not only the most familiar, but also the most accessible. First of all, of course, this applies to firewood - the abundance of forests in our country determines the relatively low cost of this type of fuel. Russian market. Therefore, Russian buyers most often prefer solid fuel boilers to heating systems running on gas or other types of liquid fuel.
At the same time, pyrolysis boilers have quite a few advantages over other types of boilers that burn wood or coal. The high efficiency of this type of boiler and the ability to add firewood once a day can be decisive for the buyer, despite the slightly (sometimes significantly) higher cost of pyrolysis type boilers.
Potential buyers owners of private houses, cottages, garden plots - in general, any residential suburban buildings - can use pyrolysis boilers. The option of installing pyrolysis boilers should be especially attractive for owners of energy-saving houses - heating such a house requires so little energy that a pyrolysis boiler can operate on one stack of firewood for more than a day. The ability to precisely regulate the combustion process of wood gas allows you to use exactly the power that is necessary for heating under given weather conditions for a certain volume of the room.
Unfortunately, Russian consumer I still have little knowledge of the operating principles of pyrolysis boilers and cannot fully appreciate the benefits of purchasing such heating system. However, as information about pyrolysis-type boilers spreads among ordinary people, all more buyers will give preference to this type of boiler.
Range of pyrolysis boilers on the Russian market.
Today, the range of pyrolysis boilers available to Russian buyers is quite wide. First of all, these are products of such companies as ATMOS, DAKON, OLYMP, OPOP, VIESSMANN. The leader among countries producing pyrolysis boilers, whose products are represented in Russia, is the Czech Republic.
Let's look at some features of pyrolysis boilers of individual brands.
DAKON boilers have an efficiency of 85-88%. The boiler power is adjustable from 50 to 100%, in addition, the boiler is equipped with a thermostat on which you can set the required coolant temperature. DAKON pyrolysis boilers can have a steel or cast iron body - cast iron is considered more durable, less susceptible to corrosion under the influence of resins and acids, as well as low-temperature corrosion, which allows such a boiler to be actively used in autumn and spring. The disadvantages of pyrolysis boilers from this company (however, this disadvantage is typical for most pyrolysis boilers) include their dependence on the availability of electricity - it is necessary for the operation of the fan. However, very little energy is required - about the same as it is needed to burn a light bulb - so the problem of power supply can be solved by installing diesel generator or any source alternative energy(for example, a wind turbine).
In connection with the problem of energy supply, the gas generator boiler from OPOP should be mentioned. The only model of pyrolysis boiler produced by this company is completely energy independent; in addition, their boiler can operate on both wood and coal (coal is preferred). During operation of the OPOP boiler, secondary air is not pumped by a fan, as in most designs, but is sucked in using a special tube as a result of the movement of gases in the combustion chamber. This makes power adjustment somewhat more difficult - such adjustment is made by opening the primary and secondary air dampers more or less. The boiler efficiency is at the level of 85%.
Another company that produces completely non-volatile boilers– ROJEK. Pyrolysis boilers from this manufacturer work with both forced and natural regulation of the thermal fluid. In addition, ROJEK can boast that their pyrolysis boiler can be operated at a return water temperature of only 40 degrees Celsius without reducing the service life of the boiler. A pleasant feature is the absence of condensation and tarring of the boilers.
Another market leader in pyrolysis boilers is ATMOS. Boilers of this brand are distinguished by traditional quality. After the wood burns out in the ATMOS boiler, the fan turns off automatically, which is not always observed with other companies. Also, in ATMOS pyrolysis boilers, the combustion space is made of ceramic, which significantly increases the efficiency of the boiler. The fuel tank is different large sizes, which allows you to heat the boiler with large wood and reduce its preparation to a minimum.
Of course, products from other companies also have their own characteristics, positive and negative sides. However general principle They still have the same job, and the differences are sometimes not that significant.
Advantages and disadvantages of pyrolysis type boilers.
We have already discussed above some of the features of pyrolysis boilers, which distinguish them from the vast number of boilers operating on solid fuel. In general, we can say that the main difference between pyrolysis-type boilers and traditional boilers using solid fuel is their high efficiency and, accordingly, high efficiency. Summarizing all the features of boilers of this type, we can highlight the following advantages and disadvantages.
Advantages:
- in the process of burning wood (especially if this firewood contains a large amount of moisture), it is impossible to reach temperatures as high as those achieved when burning pyrolysis gas.
- burning wood gas requires a significantly smaller amount of secondary air than burning conventional wood or coal. Accordingly, with the same amount of air, the efficiency of gas combustion is higher, the temperature is higher and the combustion time is also longer.
- the combustion process of pyrolysis gas can be easily controlled and adjusted, which makes it possible to automate the operation of such a boiler to approximately the same extent as the operation of gas or liquid fuel boilers. Traditional solid fuel boilers do not provide this opportunity.
- when wood gas burns, an extremely small amount of ash and soot is formed. Therefore, the pyrolysis boiler rarely needs cleaning - usually no more than once a week.
- combustion of pyrolysis gas occurs with low emissions into the atmosphere harmful substances, which will appeal to lovers of environmentally friendly heat sources.
- a pyrolysis boiler works longer on one load of firewood than a conventional solid fuel boiler.
Flaws:
- relatively high cost of pyrolysis boilers - on average, boilers of this type are 1.5-2 times more expensive than solid fuel boilers.
- quite high sensitivity to moisture content in firewood. As the percentage of moisture in wood increases, the boiler output decreases sharply.
- most pyrolysis boilers are energy-dependent and require connection to the electrical network. True, the boiler consumes very little energy (since it is mainly required for the fan), so any source of alternative energy, a generator or a conventional electrical network can completely supply the pyrolysis boiler with electricity.
Heat generator
Now let's return to pellet technologies. In our opinion, the most interesting are pyrolysis boilers that use pellets as fuel. Below is a sample from our favorite firm, SolarFocus.