Why do water heating radiators use water? Heat sources, circulation and wiring diagrams.

Exists a large number of heating systems with various variations, species and subspecies. Among this multitude, a huge niche is occupied by the usual water heating. What explains this popularity and why do water heating radiators use water? The fact is that water is the cheapest and at the same time universal coolant. The classification of water-based heating types can be carried out according to certain principles. According to the principle of operation, heating is divided into 2 types:

Water heating operating on the principle of natural circulation: based on various physical laws, a pipe system is developed in such a way that water moves through it naturally; Water heating based on the principle forced circulation, using special pumps.

For next classification There is a method for heating the room:

Conventional heating system using batteries: water heating radiators can be made of various...

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Hello, dear Reader!

I want to tell you about what heating systems I have encountered.

Some he operated, some he assembled himself, including heating systems for private houses.

I learned a lot about their pros and cons, although probably not everything. As a result, for my home I made:

Firstly, your own scheme; secondly, it is quite reliable; thirdly, allowing modernization.

What will we talk about

I suggest not going into a detailed study of various heating schemes.

Let's look at them from the point of view of application in a private home.

After all, a private house can be for permanent residence, and temporary, like a dacha, for example.

So to speak, let’s narrow our topic and get closer to practice.

I was probably wrong about ten years. I started servicing my first heating system 33 years ago, when I was a student at the Ural Polytechnic Institute. I was lucky to get a job in a boiler room...

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Except stove heating Water heating in country houses has become increasingly popular.

This type of heating equipment takes up little space in the house, it is reliable and durable. The principle of operation is that water is heated in the boiler, which is then distributed to room radiators through the pipes and then returns back. The movement of water occurs due to work circulation pump. Antifreeze or water constantly circulates through a closed circuit of a water heating system.

The basis of heating is a steel or cast iron boiler, heated with solid, liquid fuel or natural gas or centralized electricity.

In addition to the main components, the system also includes devices for regulating operation: expansion tank(where excess water and antifreeze go, what happens when heating), thermostats, circulation pump,...

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Water heating, as its name suggests, presupposes the presence in its composition of such an element as water, which is the coolant here, that is, it ensures the delivery of thermal energy from its generator (boiler, furnace) to the place of its consumption - radiators located in different places premises or in different rooms Houses. What can water heating of a private house be like, what are its advantages and disadvantages?

Heat sources, circulation and wiring diagrams

Depending on the type of elements with which the room is heated, water heating systems can be:

Radiator - the most common type at present, the role of heating devices in which is performed by radiators (batteries) various types; in the form of water-heated floors with heating elements from pipes that are located at the base flooring and through which the heated coolant circulates - a more modern, but even less common type....

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In this article we will try to determine the main criteria that must be followed when choosing water heating radiators. After all, not only the temperature and humidity in the room, but also the size of utility bills, the aesthetic appeal of the rooms and even the health of family members depend on what equipment is installed in the apartment.

Heat transfer in nature is carried out in three ways: by transferring heat from one body to another - thermal conductivity, by transferring heat in gases, granular media or liquids by flows of matter - convection, and due to electromagnetic radiation of a body that is in a state of thermodynamic equilibrium - thermal radiation .

Naturally, any action heating system based on one of the above physical processes. Thus, in all houses built in Soviet and post-Soviet times, heat enters the apartments by natural convection: heated hot water...

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Comfortable operation of a water heating system is not only uniform heating of the room, reliability and minimum costs for energy resources. The quiet operation of the heating system is also a very important parameter.

Constant gurgling, gurgling, and extraneous knocking in pipes and radiators greatly irritate residents of houses and apartments. Such sounds are especially unpleasant at night, when there is peace and quiet around. Let's look at the reasons and ways to eliminate extraneous sounds in a water heating system. As a rule, bubbling and gurgling occurs in heating pipes where air jams.

The reasons for air getting into the coolant and noise in heating pipes are as follows:

1. Air enters the system due to leaky connections. Connections on taps, fittings. radiators may become damaged over time. Even a small leak that is difficult to notice can allow air to enter the system. Review all connections, if necessary, tighten the connectors...

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Water heating of a private house is more convenient than conventional stove heating (without a water circuit), especially if it is necessary to heat several rooms at once. In addition, such heating allows you to move outside living rooms the combustion process itself. In this article we will look at what water heating can be like, depending on the boiler used, the type of coolant circulation and the pipe layout.

->Operation principle and main elements

->Types of coolant circulation

->Features of natural circulation

->Heating with forced circulation

->Combined circulation

->Types of pipe routing

Sometimes water heating is called steam, but this is incorrect, since steam is separate species and uses water vapor rather than water as a coolant. Even the very name of these two types of heating speaks about this. Here we will consider the option with a liquid coolant.

Principle...

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System radiator heating- the most common option for heating buildings. The principle of operation is that heated liquid (usually water) flows from the boiler through pipes into radiators, which transfer heat to the room. Such heating happens different types depending on certain parameters.

Classification by type of radiators

Radiators used in heating systems may differ from each other in design and material of manufacture.

Sectional

Such batteries consist of identical sections. The radiator is assembled in accordance with required sizes and power.

Can be made of cast iron, aluminum or aluminum and steel (bimetallic).

Tubular

Closed system

Its main difference is the presence closed tank, resembling a capsule in shape. It is divided into two parts by a membrane partition: one half contains water, and the other contains nitrogen under pressure. Operating principle: the liquid is heated to the desired temperature, moved into expansion tank and equalizes pressure. The water moves back using a pump.

Such a system is capable of heating large areas, it is capable of providing heat to a building of any number of floors. Therefore, it has been widely used on a private and industrial scale.

Has a number of advantages:

  1. Thanks to the tank, the liquid does not evaporate, and there is no need to monitor the water level.
  2. The equipment is not subject to corrosive deposits and oxidation.
  3. Due to the adjustment, the pressure at the outlet and inlet is the same, so the pipes are not subject to water hammer.
  4. Long service life.
  5. High efficiency due to fast heating and good heat dissipation.

    When installing the system, it is very important to decide which water heating radiators are best to use. Let's consider characteristics each type.

    Cast iron radiators

    Cast iron batteries- the most traditional type of battery, which has been used for many decades.

    Today, cast iron water heating radiators are often available in a modern, aesthetic design with flat fronts. These are inexpensive, strong and durable batteries that can last 50 years or more.

    Disadvantage cast iron radiators is not the most high level heat transfer. Large thermal inertia causes the batteries to heat up for a long time after the system is started. They also have a significant internal volume, which makes them inefficient when used in heating systems individual type. In addition, cast iron radiators are heavy and quite bulky.

    They are not designed for large operating pressure. The fragility of cast iron makes radiators poorly resistant to water hammer.

    Ogint cast iron radiators are an excellent example of how, with the help of modern developments, it is possible to improve technologies whose quality and efficiency have been proven over the years.

    Cast iron radiators from Ogint are attractive modern design and durability. Cast iron batteries have all the necessary certificates of conformity, and their reliability is confirmed by a 2-year warranty from the manufacturer.

    Catalog of cast iron radiators Ogint:

    Steel radiators

    This is another traditional type of battery. In this category, two types of water heating radiators can be produced - panel and tubular. On Russian market The most common are panel ones. They consist of two stamped steel sheets welded together. The complex relief of the sheets forms channels inside the radiator through which the coolant moves.

    Steel radiators are distinguished by good heat transfer, have an aesthetic design and a wide variety of design options in terms of dimensions. Their low weight allows them to be easily mounted on various surfaces. However steel radiators do not withstand high operating pressure and are extremely sensitive to water hammer, therefore their use is allowed only in individual heating systems.

    Aluminum radiators

    This type heating devices also intended only for individual systems, since they do not withstand high pressure, can become clogged with dirty coolant and corrode if the water has a pH level above 8.

    These radiators have maximum thermal output, which is explained by the high thermal conductivity of aluminum. They also have minimal thermal inertia and heat up almost immediately after the system starts. Their design allows for intense convection and radiant heat transfer, which significantly improves heating efficiency.

    Due to their small internal volume, they have high efficiency, and the boiler equipment is operated in a gentle manner. In addition, this allows efficient use of temperature controllers.

    Aluminum is a very light metal, which explains the low weight of batteries. Due to this, aluminum water heating radiators are quickly and easily installed without any serious requirements for the strength of the base.

    Ogint aluminum radiators undergo multi-stage quality control using the OGINT Protect system in full compliance with the ISO 9002 standard, and are provided with a 5-year warranty.

    Catalog of aluminum radiators Ogint:

    Bimetallic radiators

    One more modern type are bimetallic radiators water heating. They consist of two metals.

    The coolant moves through durable steel pipes, which are placed in aluminium case with fins. This design allows you to take full advantage of the benefits aluminum radiators V centralized systems heating.

    Batteries of this type are characterized by maximum strength and are able to withstand significant operating pressure, and also resist water hammer. At the same time, the aluminum housing provides high heat transfer.

    Bimetal are beautiful and reliable radiators that have a small internal volume and minimal thermal inertia, which allows the use of devices for manual or automatic adjustment each battery.

    All our radiators have all the necessary certificates and meet high quality requirements. They are perfectly adapted to Russian conditions, providing efficient heating and long service life.

    By contacting our company, you order excellent radiators from the direct manufacturer. This means that the supply price will be as favorable as possible. Take this opportunity and contact us via the contact form on the website or by phone.

Hello, dear Reader!

I want to tell you about what heating systems I have encountered.

Some he operated, some he assembled himself, including heating systems for private houses.

I learned a lot about their pros and cons, although probably not everything. As a result, for my home I made:

  • firstly, your own scheme;
  • secondly, it is quite reliable;
  • thirdly, allowing modernization.

I suggest not going into a detailed study of various heating schemes.

Let's look at them from the point of view of application in a private home.

After all, a private house can be for permanent residence, or temporary, like a summer house, for example.

So to speak, let’s narrow our topic and get closer to practice.

I was probably wrong about ten years. I started servicing my first heating system 33 years ago, when I was a student at the Ural Polytechnic Institute. I was lucky to get a job in the boiler room of the institute as a mechanic on duty. True, then I didn’t even think about what it was like, this system? It worked and that's it.

The work was sometimes difficult, when there was some kind of accident. And if everything is fine - beautiful, sit and study your notes. I spent the night on duty, in the morning I went to school, “to school,” as we used to say then. Two nights later, back on duty. And most importantly, they paid 110 - 120 rubles! At that time, young specialists received the same amount. Yes, plus a scholarship of 40 rubles. Gorgeous life! But let's get closer to the warmth.

From the name itself it is clear that heating occurs with heated air. The air is heated by a heat generator and then enters the premises through air ducts. Through the return channels, the cooled air is returned to be heated. Quite a comfortable system.

The first heat generator in history was a furnace. It heated the air, which dispersed through the channels in the order of natural circulation. Such a system air heating used in past centuries in advanced urban homes.

Nowadays, a variety of heat generators-boilers are used: gas, solid fuel, diesel, electric. In addition to natural circulation, forced circulation is also used. It is, of course, more effective:

  • Firstly, it warms up rooms much faster;
  • Secondly, it has a higher efficiency, since heat is removed from the heat generator much more efficiently;
  • Thirdly, it can be combined with an air conditioning system.

You probably already realized that there is no smell of a private home here. Yes, that’s right, for a private home this heating scheme is too cumbersome and expensive. The calculations alone are worth it, but if you make a mistake, it will be, as they say, fatal.

But let's not get upset. If you still want to warm yourself with air, there is a way out. This is a fireplace.

Moreover, in my opinion, it is not an ordinary wood-eating fireplace, but the cast-iron fireplace insert shown in the figure above. This perfect option home cozy wood heat generator. It is designed specifically for heating air, and not brick, like a traditional fireplace.

The air enters the fireplace space (where the firewood is stored for decoration) and flows around its heated body. Then it flows around the red-hot chimney along the fireplace box and exits through the holes in the upper part of the box. By the way, air ducts can be connected to these holes and distribute hot air throughout the rooms.

It’s quite a worthy option, but if you do it with air ducts, then during construction you need to remember to put them in the walls and ceilings. Some people also install an inflator, creating forced ventilation. But this, in my opinion, is already too much. By the fireplace it is pleasant to listen to the crackling of the wood rather than the noise of the fan.

I think it’s worth mentioning fan heaters and heat guns. These are, so to speak, mobile air heating units. Very useful devices, especially when the main heating system is not working or you need to quickly “heat up” the air in the room. But, in my opinion, they cannot be considered as the main heating option.

So, a fireplace insert as a source of air heating is a good and, moreover, pleasant solution for a private home.

Water heating at home

In this case, the coolant is water or special liquids, for example, antifreeze. Here the heat sources are also very different depending on the fuel. But if in air system warm air comes into the room, then into the water air of the room heated by appliances who give it to him heat accumulated in water.

And water accumulates a lot of heat. There is such a concept: “heat capacity”, remember? If in your own words,

The heat capacity of water is the amount of heat that must be transferred to water in order for its temperature to rise by one degree.

So this indicator for water is very good. Look at the table on the right.

It turns out that we get a luxurious coolant for practically nothing.

Yes, the water system is somewhat more complicated, but it is also more flexible.

Imagine, heated water can be supplied through pipes anywhere and there it will release the accumulated heat.

And the pipes can be easily hidden in the walls, or not hidden at all; modern ones look very aesthetically pleasing.

How does water give off heat? Several types of devices have been created for this:

  • Radiators are massive, for example cast iron, sections assembled into batteries.

Hot water flows inside them. Thermal energy they give mainly at the expense of infrared radiation(radiation).

They are usually steel or aluminum, less often copper. The surrounding air, heated by the convector, begins to naturally move upward. That is, a flow (convection) of air is created that removes heat from the convector.

Modern aluminum appliances also belong to convectors, although they are called radiators. It should be noted that now almost all thermal water heating devices are called radiators, although strictly speaking this is incorrect. But let's not be clever.

Air is pumped through them to be heated. Often used in systems supply ventilation to heat the cold air coming in from outside.

  • “Warm walls” were used in panel housing construction in the seventies. IN concrete panels a coil was built in from steel pipe, into which water was supplied from the heating system. I remember from childhood the warm walls of five-story panel buildings.

The water system can be successfully used in a private home. If this is a dacha, you can fill in non-freezing coolant instead of water and not worry about defrosting the system.

Let's take a closer look at the options for heating systems for low-rise buildings.

Scheme of a gravity heating system

Why gravity? Because the water in it actually flows by itself. When heated in the boiler, the water rises, and then, gradually cooling in the radiators, flows down and returns to the boiler again. The system is simple, but prerequisites must be observed:

  • The pipe should be pretty large diameter from 50 mm, and preferably 76 mm and more.
  • The pipe is laid with a slope to ensure gravity flow of water.

Sometimes this very pipe heats a room without radiators and convectors due to its large mass and surfaces. Such pipes are called registers, they can be found at train stations and bus stations in old small cities. It is now rarely used in private homes - it does not look very aesthetically pleasing. Imagine - there is a thick pipe in the room, and even an inclined one.

A very great advantage of this system is that it does not require a circulation pump, the water circulates itself. If the boiler is wood, coal or gas, no power outages are a problem, complete autonomy and independence. I’m talking about this because I myself have problems with power outages.

A feature of the gravity system, which is considered a disadvantage, is that it is open, that is, it communicates with air and there is no pressure in it. This means that you need an open expansion tank and the water gradually evaporates, you need to monitor this. Of course, this is not a very serious drawback. I'm more put off by the high sloping pipes.

For a private home closed system heating, I think best option. It would be better to say closed. Closed means not having contact with air. New elements appear here:

  • Diaphragm expansion tank to compensate for the expansion of water when heated;
  • Circulation pump for pumping water through the system;
  • Safety group - make-up valve (for adding water to the system in case of leakage), pressure gauge, safety valve (for releasing steam when water boils).

This is a more modern, aesthetic option. Radiators are used here, and more often aluminum convectors, thin metal-plastic or polypropylene pipes. There is no need to add water or think about tilting the pipes; they can be hidden in walls or ceilings.

You can install beautiful aluminum or bimetallic radiators and a heated towel rail. I use two boilers in one system - an electric boiler and a water circuit for the fireplace insert. Looks like it worked out well.

The disadvantage of the system is that it will not be able to operate without electricity for the circulation pump. Moreover, if the firebox is “steamy” and the electricity has run out, it can result in a “boom” with the release of steam and a lot of noise. I know it from myself. It feels like someone is hitting the pipes with a hammer.

Therefore, the pump was connected to uninterrupted source(like a computer) so that there is time to safely cool the firebox. And also a way out safety valve- into the sewer.

Two-pipe heating system

There are two options for connecting radiators to the heating system:


The only plus single pipe system– savings on pipes. But there is a significant minus - the radiator closest to the boiler is the hottest, and the farthest is the coldest. It is also problematic to turn off a radiator - they are all in the same circuit. If it's not critical, why not use this option? Quite a normal scheme.

The two-pipe scheme is more flexible:

  • All radiators are in almost equal conditions. Water is supplied to each person at the same temperature;
  • You can set your own temperature on each radiator by regulating the flow of water through it;
  • You can safely shut off the water supply to any radiator, for example, when it is hot or you need to flush the radiator;
  • More convenient for increasing the number of radiators.

Thus, in my opinion, two-pipe scheme more preferable.

For the sake of fairness, it must be said that in the two-pipe version, the last radiator is somewhat “offended”; it receives less heat. The reason is that the pressure difference between the supply and return is practically zero and the water flow is minimal.

So what choice did I make?

I installed an air-water heating system in my house. The fireplace is responsible for the air supply. Closed two-pipe water diagram includes an electric boiler, a water circuit for the fireplace insert and 40 aluminum radiator sections (6 radiators). 64 square meters the first floor is heated in excess in any frost.

That's all for today. In the following articles I will bring to your attention the system gas heating, warm floor, infrared heating. Comment, ask questions. Thanks, see you!