Fold down the fireplace. Brick fireplaces

For a beginner without practice furnace business Laying out a brick fireplace right away with your own hands is a very difficult task. But three components - time, patience and great desire - will help you succeed and create a wonderful home, a source of comfort and warmth in the living room. We will provide all the theoretical information and tell you about the procedure for conducting masonry work in the form of simple instructions.

General information and device

In fact, a traditional English fireplace is a stove of a simplified design, consisting of the following basic elements:

• open firebox large sizes in the form of a rectangular niche (portal), lined with solid ceramic bricks;
• the straight chimney shown in the diagram is equipped with a special protrusion - a chimney tooth and a tapering part - a smoke collector;
• the pre-furnace front platform plays a decorative role and at the same time protects the floors from sparks from the firebox;
• valve for adjusting draft.

Note. In simple designs, grates and an ash chamber are not provided; firewood is burned directly on a brick hearth.

In current conditions, fireplaces are built solely to create a unique atmosphere of comfort in private homes and cottages, and not for the purpose of organizing heating. The fact is that open hearths are extremely ineffective, even in more complex models with two smoke circuits the efficiency does not exceed 20%, since lion's share The heat simply goes out into the street through the pipe.

Diagram of a complex fireplace with two smoke circuits

The room is heated due to infrared radiation emitted open flame. As soon as it fades, heat transfer stops. Convective heating does not work here - the draft of the chimney, which has large section, literally sucks the heat out of the room along with the air flow. It is impossible to reduce the transverse size of the pipe - the fireplace will begin to smoke into the room. For the same reason brick walls practically do not accumulate heat.

Advice on calculating the size of the hearth. When building fireplaces with your own hands, it is important to achieve a compromise between smoke in the room and too strong a draft, which helps remove heat along with the air. The flow area of ​​the chimney should be 1/9 of the area of ​​the open part of the firebox (portal). In turn, the dimensions of the front opening are taken in the ratio of 1/50 to the area of ​​the room, and its height is 1.5-2 times the depth of the firebox.

So that you can choose the correct dimensions of the fireplace without delving into calculations, we present a table with the dimensions of the main elements tied to the area of ​​the room.

Instructions for laying a fireplace

On various Internet resources and in technical literature, it is easy to find a variety of designs for home and outdoor fireplaces, accompanied by orders and photos. But all proposed designs are based on a traditional English fireplace, which we suggest that beginners install. As an example, let's look at the relatively small model shown in the drawing and designed for a room with an area of ​​20-25 m².

Note. If your room has different dimensions, then the dimensions in the drawing can be changed in accordance with the table, only more accurately adjusted to the length and thickness of the brick (taking into account 5 mm seams).

The step-by-step stages of work are as follows:

1. Preparation - choosing a location for the future hearth and purchasing building materials.
2. Construction of a reliable foundation - reinforced concrete or brick foundation.
3. Preparation of mortar and laying.
4. Test ignition and warming up.

By design, fireplaces are divided into wall-mounted, corner and built-in. We chose the first option because of its ease of execution - the building is being built next to existing wall. Do corner model Without the proper experience, it is much more difficult, and to embed the structure into the partition, the latter will have to be disassembled.

The optimal placement of the hearth is near the inner load-bearing wall or partitions, closer to the center of the room. At the same time, try not to complicate the passage unit chimney through the roof - make sure that it does not hit the ridge. On both sides of the fireplace, you need to provide at least 1 m of free space along the walls. Worst place for the hearth - near the outer fence or next to the doors.

Advice. It is not recommended to place fireplaces in very small rooms up to 12 m². Moreover, it is not allowed to build them in apartments multi-storey buildings. The way out is to install a gas or electric fireplace insert and make a cladding of decorative bricks and plasterboard, as shown in the diagram.

Necessary building materials

To assemble a fireplace yourself according to the drawing presented above, you need to prepare following materials:

• ceramic solid brick – 300 pcs.;
• fireclay (fireproof) brick – 120 pcs.;
• chimney valve;
• dry mortar for fire-resistant masonry – 150 kg;
• ready-made clay-sand mixture for laying out ovens – 250 kg;
• metal equal angle corner 50 x 3 mm – 2.5 m;
• oven inspection door.

Red ceramic brick grade 150-200 is the main material used in the kiln business. Choose a solid stone standard sizes 250 x 120 x 65 mm without cracks, preferably with smooth sides. Low quality and used building materials cannot be used for laying fireplaces.

Fireclay bricks, used to form fireboxes for wood and coal stoves, are produced different sizes. A stone 250 x 124 x 65 mm of the ShA brand, laid on a special solution of refractory clay and mortar, will suit you.

Tip for saving material. Ordinary ceramic bricks can easily withstand temperatures of 700 °C, which corresponds to the heat generated by burning wood. Fireproof stones, whose price is significantly higher, are designed for maximum temperature 1690 °C. Hence the conclusion: if you do not plan to heat the fireplace every day, then feel free to make the combustion chamber from cheaper red brick.

Kiln masters know how to prepare masonry mortar from individual components - sand and clay (no cement is added!), intuitively selecting the exact proportions. Beginners have no choice but to build a fireplace using ready-made dry mixtures sold in stores. If you want to make the solution yourself, we strongly recommend that you first get your hands on simpler designs. For example, fold outdoor grill or barbecue, choosing proportions experimentally in order to feel all the nuances of working with clay.

Setting up the foundation

Since the total mass of a brick fireplace exceeds 1 ton, it is impossible to do without a reliable foundation. It must be arranged separately from the foundation of the house, maintaining a minimum offset of 5 cm. If the fireplace is supposed to be built in a living room, then you will have to open the floor in an area that exceeds the dimensions of the future structure by 100 mm in each direction. For our example, the dimensions of the site will be 137 x 124 cm (according to the diagram given above, the dimensions of the building are 127 x 114 cm).

Construct a foundation for a fireplace according to the following step-by-step instructions:

1. Dig a pit and compact the bottom thoroughly. The depth is determined by the existing foundation of the house.
2. Place sand on the bottom and compact again. The final thickness of the pillow is 100 mm.
3. Fill the pit to ground level with rubble stone. During the filling process, fill all cavities with liquid cement or lime mortar mixed with clay.
4. Form a flat top concrete platform and after hardening, lay 2 layers of waterproofing made of ordinary roofing felt on it.

Note. Scraps of concrete, old brick, shell rock and other piece materials can be used as backfilling.

The second stage of laying the foundation can be done in two ways: pouring a reinforced concrete slab or laying a base of red brick. The first option, shown in the drawing, is more reliable and convenient for further construction, since a solid slab allows you to lay the wall anywhere on the site. It is implemented like this:

1. Make and install wooden formwork to the height of the finished floor of the building so that the foundation slab protrudes beyond the dimensions of the future fireplace by 50 mm in all directions.
2. Tie a mesh of iron reinforcement with a diameter of 12-16 mm and place it at a height of 5 cm from the roofing material, using small wooden linings.
3. Prepare concrete grade 150 by mixing M400 cement, sand and crushed stone in proportions 1: 3: 5. Lay concrete mixture into the formwork and level the site according to the construction level.

After 7 days of concrete hardening, remove the formwork and treat the foundation walls bitumen mastic. Wait until the fireplace is completely dry before laying it out. reinforced concrete slab(another 3 weeks), after which cover it with 2 layers of roofing material and proceed to the laying itself. To avoid mistakes when laying the foundation, watch the video from the furnace master:

Fireplace rules

Post an ordinary wall and the body of the fireplace made of brick are two different things. So before you build a home, check out general rules its construction:

• when making refractory and clay mortar, strictly observe the ratio of dry mixture and water indicated on the packaging by the manufacturer;
• First lay out the stones of each row dry, adjust and file according to the order, and only then place them on the mortar;
• Before placing the red brick in place, soak it in water for 3-5 minutes until air bubbles stop appearing;
• observe a maximum joint thickness of 5 mm;
• do not connect sections of masonry made of ceramic and fireclay bricks;
• constantly check the vertical and horizontal lines at different points building level;
• When installing metal corners, a row of stones resting on it must be laid without mortar.

Note. It is not recommended to soak refractory stones, but only rinse them with water to remove dust, because the material releases moisture for a long time and may burst after kindling.

While working, bricks can be tapped, but moving them in a horizontal plane is highly undesirable. Remove any bulging excess mortar with a trowel, and inside wipe the entire wall with a damp cloth to create smooth surface. For a detailed description of the process, see the next video:

Work order

First of all, the foundation slab is covered with a sheet of galvanized roofing iron, and on top - with basalt cardboard. However, according to experts, the latter is successfully replaced by felt impregnated with liquid clay. The required set of masonry tools is shown in the figure.

The first two rows of ceramic bricks form the base of the fireplace and the firebox area; the 3rd and 4th rows form the hearth part of the firebox. Please note: in the order, red and fireclay stones are indicated different colors. The fifth and subsequent rows (up to the 11th) form the walls of the combustion chamber and the outer contour of the portal.

After laying the 12th row of stones, install steel angles to support the front wall. The next levels form a smoke collector and a chimney tooth, as shown in the sequence diagram. On the 16th row, a cleaning door is built into the rear wall.

The rows of bricks from the 17th to the 23rd form the body of the fireplace, and the remaining 3 levels form the chimney. On the 26th row, a valve is built into it.

Further laying of the chimney is carried out to the required height according to the same pattern, excluding the passage through the ceiling. Here it is necessary to lay out a special extension - cutting, whose task is to protect wooden structures from hot flue gases. According to the rules fire safety combustible floor material must be protected brick wall 38 cm thick. All requirements for the chimney pipe, including its height, are reflected in the diagram:

In conclusion - trial lighting of the hearth

After the solution has dried, which will take 10-14 days, make the first kindling. It is important to follow one rule here: the entire masonry must be heated gradually so that cracks do not occur. Place a small armful of brushwood or wood chips on the bottom part, open the damper completely and set them on fire. Then add firewood in small portions over several hours, keeping an eye on the walls of the hearth and chimney. Record the appearance of cracks and then seal them with the same solution.

The finished fireplace can be decorated different ways– plaster, decorate with tiles or paint. Of course, provided that after complete heating it functions properly and the masonry has not developed large cracks. If you did everything according to the instructions and without haste, then commissioning will probably be without problems.

Design engineer with more than 8 years of experience in construction.
Graduated from the East Ukrainian National University. Vladimir Dal with a degree in Electronics Industry Equipment in 2011.

Related posts:

Want to build your own stove or fireplace?

At first glance, this task seems too difficult, especially if you have no experience brickwork. In fact, many home owners successfully build fireplace stoves with their own hands, drawings and diagrams of which we would like to bring to your attention. Using them, as well as recommendations for masonry, you can gain the necessary skills and save on paying professionals.

Do-it-yourself fireplace stove drawings and stove assembly

The first thing you should understand is the concepts of sketch, drawing and arrangement of the fireplace. A sketch is a drawing that shows the appearance of a stove or fireplace, in whole or in part, in one or more forms. From the sketch you can understand the location of the firebox, ash pan, chimney, dampers and other elements, as well as the principle of operation of the stove.

The drawing is made to scale; the dimensions of the future stove are indicated on it, usually approximately, since the exact dimensions strongly depend on the thickness of the seam. An ordering diagram is a diagram of the laying of each of the rows of a fireplace or stove, indicating the row number, location and type of brick, doors, dampers, and supporting elements. If the rows are repeated, the fragments of the diagram are combined into one, indicating all the rows of the same type.

If you decide to learn how to build fireplace stoves with your own hands, the drawings will help you determine their overall dimensions, using the sketch you can figure out the purpose of individual elements and the direction of movement of flue gases, and the ordering diagram will tell you how much brick you need and how to lay it. Those who have already built fireplace stoves with their own hands do not always use drawings - from the diagram they can determine both the dimensions of the stove and the principle of its operation. Let's try to understand this fascinating matter using the example of a simple stove-fireplace.

Fireplace stove: masonry technology

This stove is a simple but reliable source of heat for the living room or country house.

The firebox is large, like a fireplace, but is closed with a glass door - this makes the stove safe and easy to use. An ash pan is located under the firebox to remove combustion products. The smoke channel is more complex than that of a traditional fireplace; hot smoke passing through it heats the walls of the stove well, so it has a greater heat capacity compared to conventional fireplaces.

For the fireplace stove, solid ceramic bricks are used in the amount of 620 pieces and fireclay - 100 pieces, fire-resistant masonry mortar based on clay "Mertel-28" - about 25 kg, clay-sand masonry mortar - 300 kg. In addition, doors are needed: for the firebox - a fireplace door with heat-resistant glass, size 50x48 cm, three cleaning doors 14x13 cm, as well as one ash door with dimensions 25x13 cm, and two dampers: 30x19 cm and 27.5x15.5 cm.

Refractory mortar is used for laying fireclay bricks, ceramic bricks are laid on ordinary clay-sand mortar. The solution is prepared according to the instructions on the package.

Fireplace stove arrangement diagram

The first two rows are the base, the so-called under the stove. In the third row, they begin to lay out the smoke channel and install cleanout and blower doors.

In the fourth and fifth rows they continue laying the smoke channel, and in the sixth they begin to lay out the bottom of the firebox from fireclay bricks - in the diagram it is painted in yellow. They continue to lay the firebox made of fireclay bricks on refractory mortar and the walls on clay-sand in the seventh, eighth and ninth rows. A grate is installed between the firebox and the ash pan. Layout diagram of the first rows of the fireplace stove. The tenth to twelfth rows are laid in the same order, laying out a hole for the firebox in the front part.

In the thirteenth row a fireplace door is installed, in the fourteenth row a vault is made of vertically standing bricks, leveling the vault in the fifteenth row. The sixteenth row forms the fireplace mantel on the front side, and in the seventeenth row they begin to lay out the firebox ceiling. It is completed in the eighteenth row, leaving small holes for the smoke channel.

If everything is done in accordance with the diagram, then the channel will have a tortuous shape, allowing the smoke to heat all the walls of the stove. In the nineteenth row, install a 30x19 cm damper on the smoke channel on the left. In the next seven rows, the outer walls of the stove and the chimney are laid out, and in the twenty-seventh row a metal strip is laid to support the stove ceiling. Step-by-step laying of a fireplace stove - photo Rows from 28 to 30 - the stove ceiling, are laid according to the red brick pattern. Next, lay out the chimney well from one row of bricks to the required height.

In each row, the brick is moved so that a bandage is formed: the seam of the previous row should be covered with the top brick. This provides stability to the structure. A second damper is installed in the second row of the well.

In the video below, the entire process is described in more detail, and after studying the diagram, you will be able to understand all the nuances of laying such a stove.

The video shows how to properly install a fireplace door. The remaining doors are installed in the same way.

Drawing and diagram of a corner fireplace with a round arch

The fireplace is installed in the corner of the room on a separate foundation. The firebox is located at a level of 28-30 cm above the floor level, with an ash pan under it.

The firebox arch has round shape and is made of brick. Firebox height – 52 cm. Smoke channel rectangular shape with a fireplace tooth - a beveled arch in the rear wall of the firebox, the resulting narrowing provides good traction due to increased pressure in this area.

Above the fireplace tooth on the front side there is a cleaning door for removing soot. The mantelpiece is made of brick. There is a brick apron around the smoke channel, under which heated air circulates - for its exit there are holes covered with gratings.

The required materials and purchased items are shown in the table.

Table necessary materials for building a fireplace stove

The fireplace layout diagram describes in detail the masonry process. Please note that before laying the first row, it is necessary to level the base; this can be done using two rows of masonry, made according to the scheme of the first row.

Drawing and diagram of a corner fireplace with a straight arch

The fireplace insert imitates a traditional Russian stove. The zero row is located below the floor level and is made in the shape of a square, redistributing the load. The firebox is made of fireclay bricks, the walls of the fireplace are made of ceramic.

The bottom of the ash pan is made of a metal sheet, which makes it easier to remove ash - the sheet is simply taken out. At the rear of the firebox there is a chimney tooth; the firebox ceiling rests on a steel corner. The laying of such a fireplace is carried out according to the diagram.

Simple wall-mounted fireplace with straight chimney

Very simple circuit fireplace. The firebox is rectangular, lined with refractory bricks. The ash pan is separated from the firebox by a grate.

A straight and fairly wide chimney allows you not to worry about draft, and a gas tooth will prevent it from tipping over and causing smoke in the room. There is a damper built into the chimney. The dimensions and layout of the fireplace are shown in the figure.

Do-it-yourself fireplace with a straight chimney

Wall fireplace with podium

The peculiarity of this fireplace is the absence of an ash pan and a straight chimney of a simple shape. At the bottom of the fireplace there is a forward semicircular podium. It serves not only for decorative purposes, but also for safety: the firebox of this fireplace is shallow, and sparking is possible; the firebox is lined with refractory bricks.

The narrowing of the firebox in the rear part forms a protrusion - a gas tooth. The mantelpiece is made of wood and rests on a semicircular log. Simple form This fireplace will fit perfectly into a hunting-style house.

Sample of a wall-mounted fireplace with a podium

As can be seen from the article, it is not at all difficult to install stoves and fireplaces with your own hands; drawings and diagrams will help you understand the intricacies of the stove craft. You can also learn how to properly make a foundation for a fireplace, mix masonry mortar and lay bricks from the article on laying a fireplace with your own hands.

Throughout time, the main place in the house was given to the hearth. IN Lately, fireplaces in houses and cottages have become very popular, and the question of how to build a fireplace with your own hands is quite relevant.

Any stove or fireplace must meet the following requirements:

No smoke. Room heating. Beautiful appearance.

To achieve these goals, all stages of construction must be followed.

Location

The very first step involves choosing the location of the fireplace; not only saving living space, but also its efficient heating depends on this.

First you need to decide on the type of structure.

The fireplace stove can have the following design options:

Wall-mounted. Corner. Built-in. Island.

Based on this, the home owner can choose appropriate place for the fireplace.

When planning the location, it is necessary to take into account that it is not advisable to install a fireplace stove opposite a window, since the heat will escape out the window. In addition, it is necessary to strictly follow fire safety rules; a fireplace is a source of heat, not fire.

Materials

Making fireplaces begins with the selection of materials. For construction we will need:

Red ceramic brick. Its quantity is calculated based on the prepared drawing, while all incomplete bricks must be taken into account as whole. River sand.

Be sure to sift and clear of dirt and debris. The grain size of the material should be within the normal range (0.2–1.5 mm). Crushed stone for making the foundation. The permissible fraction should be from 2 to 6 cm. Blue Cambrian clay or ordinary red. Cement (M 200 or M 300). Smoke damper. Reinforcement.

Brick and its varieties

Throughout the entire period of kiln construction, solid red brick, which is made from clay, is used.

This material is used to lay out the outer parts of fireplaces. Therefore, a lot depends on the quality of the brick.

The brick must have the following properties:

Have the correct shape; Do not contain cracks or potholes. Do not have deformations;

The interior of the fireplace is lined with fireproof fireclay bricks or quartz material.

Material quality requirements

When purchasing a brick, you need to pay attention to the following parameters:

The material must correspond to a grade of at least M200. The required amount of brick must be purchased from one batch. The appearance of the brick must not contain cracks or chips.

Preparation

This stage consists of the process of preparing materials. Special attention, of course, is given to the brick, but in addition to it, other components will be needed.

You will need a clay mixture, which is thoroughly cleaned of unnecessary impurities and wiped. Before laying, this mixture is soaked for about 2–3 hours.

The sand that will participate in the solution must also be cleaned; it will be enough to sift it through a sieve with fine holes.

Having completed this, you can begin to prepare the solution, the proportion of which must be strictly observed. Based on the fat content of the clay, the ratio of sand and clay should look like 1:1 or 1:2.

The resulting solution should not spread on the surface of the brick, but at the same time slide off it with ease.

Pouring the foundation

To pour the foundation for the fireplace/stove, you will need the following materials and tools:

tape measure; grinder; welding machine; hammer + nails; board; fittings; cement (grade M400).

The first thing you need to do is formwork from edged boards.

It must be securely installed and have a height of 8–10 cm. The reinforcing rod is laid in 19 cm increments, after which perpendicular rows of rods are laid. The joints of the rods must be secured by welding.

The solution must be poured in two stages. The first involves a 4 cm layer of concrete, then it is necessary to lay the sheathing, after which it is poured last layer, the height of which should be about 6 cm.

To ensure that the finished foundation does not contain voids, the solution is plowed a little with a free rod.

After this, the foundation must be left alone. Its drying time can vary from 15 to 18 days, depending on the conditions.

Fireplace masonry

This process is quite simple; after reading the article, you will learn: how to build a fireplace yourself from brick? In order to carry out the masonry correctly, it is necessary to strictly follow the construction plan.

DIY fireplace

The laying is carried out according to the following scheme:

Several layers of waterproofing material are laid on top of the foundation base. For the first row, cement is added to the mortar, and the bricks are laid on slats. The third row has small nuances, namely the installation of two pins, which will be needed a little later for the fireplace grate. In order to fold the fireplace and stove correctly, it is necessary to adhere to the diagram or drawing. To comply temperature regime in a future design, care must be taken to ensure that outer wall the brick fireplace was not in contact with the firebox. To remove excess mortar from the walls of the firebox, its surface is cleaned with a damp cloth. To improve the quality of heating, it is necessary to maintain a slight angle of inclination of the rear wall forward. The side walls are designed to be turned outwards. To avoid the possibility of fire, it is necessary to take precautions and protect the floor in front of the fireplace with a sheet of iron.

Folding the fireplace stove is half the battle; you need to make a smoke collector.

The principle of its laying is to lay out bricks with a gradual overlap. Portal-type holes inside are blocked using jumpers, which can be made in several ways:

arched, wedge-shaped, vaulted.

To correctly lay out the smoke collector, it is necessary to maintain its verticality. Once you have crossed the floor with the roof, you can begin building the roof pipe. This masonry is done on a cement-sand mixture.

By following these rules, you can easily design a stove or fireplace yourself. Now all that remains is to deal with the chimney.

Chimney

If the chimney structure is made of brick, it is necessary to consider a foundation or a steel frame for it, which will rest against the main foundation. The chimney itself is located on the outside of the firebox and wrapped in thermally insulated material. The top of the chimney is sheathed with a sheet of steel or aluminum.

Using ready-made pipe sections for the chimney, special clamps are used as fastenings, with the help of which the structure is fixed to the floors of buildings. This chimney option can do without a foundation.

Finishing work

In addition to the fact that the fireplace-stove can be decorated with a colored joint, the brick itself can possibly be repainted in a different color. For these purposes, tempera or gouache is used.

Decoration for corner option the fireplace may have tiles or marble tiles, stone or decorative brick. If desired, you can simply plaster the surface or use other decorative elements.

The modern market offers a large number of elements for decoration, including wooden parts. For safety reasons, their use is not recommended.

The decoration is fastened using regular tile adhesive, and the decoration itself should start from the bottom of the fireplace, gradually rising.

If your fireplace or stove already contains marble parts, it is recommended to cover them with cellophane to avoid scratches.

For the firebox, you can use fireclay bricks, and for cladding, choose a material of a different quality.

The chimney structure can be made not only of brick, but also of special modules in the form of a metal or ceramic pipe.

To reduce errors when building fireplaces, it is recommended to use ready-made drawings rather than developing them yourself.

When designing a fireplace, you can focus on built-in shelves or firewood racks, this will give the structure a more aesthetic appearance.

From the above material we can conclude that laying a fireplace is a fairly simple process. All you need is to follow all the instructions and recommendations, then the question is: how to build a fireplace? won't take you by surprise.

Video: How to make a brick fireplace with your own hands

A novice stove maker always wants to build some outlandish stove.

Preferably simple. And also beautiful and effective. It is a pity that there are not so many orders of such constructions.

Among them, a fireplace stove with a bread chamber stands out, operating according to a scheme popular in Scandinavian countries. The scheme is not without drawbacks, but has a high degree of universalism.

There is a massive universal heating stove, decorative fireplace, chamber for baking bread. Simple design, multifunctionality, relative compactness. A good option for a country house, capable of heating an area of ​​approximately 25-30 square meters.

We offer a procedure that allows you to assemble the stove yourself, having only minimal stove craft skills. A simple basic skill in working with clay and brick is sufficient for the performer. The rest is simple.

Materials for constructing a fireplace stove with a bread chamber:

1 – Kiln brick- approximately 1100 pcs.

If you use fireclay bricks, you will need approximately 150 units. (The quantity of bricks is given without taking into account the costs of the foundation and chimney). 2 – Knitting wire 3 – Cleaning doors - 3 pieces 4 – Blower firebox with air control 5 – Fireplace door for firebox 500x500 mm 6 – Basalt cord - 2 sets 7 – Pipe valve in brick - 3 pieces 8 – Grate with working area one or two bricks

The order of laying the stove-fireplace

Do-it-yourself masonry is not as complicated as it might seem at first glance.

Just don't be afraid. And pay close attention to the order. Then it will be simple.

We lay out the first row based on the oven body with an area of ​​4x5 bricks and add an allowance for the plinth. Although you can do without it. But it’s somehow more elegant with him.

In the second row we lay out the finishing perimeter of the oven:

We form internal channels. On the third row we will install cleaning channels and a blower door. They are attached to wire and clay mortar, without a basalt cord:

In the fourth row we select the height of the doors:

In the fifth row, we close the doors and install a grate.

If the height of the room allows, it is advisable to make another row of masonry - a more massive floor will emerge. When using fireclay bricks, it’s time to start laying them. We make it only for use. We continue to build external walls and channel partitions with ceramic bricks:

Row 6 - form a tray for firewood. You can do without bevelling the hearth, as in the figure, but this way the firebox will work better. We separate the channels.

Small channels are descending. Large ones are ascending. We use an oblique dressing. You can do it without it, but it’s safer with it.

If, for reasons of simplification, you start using oblique dressing rarely, then you should always orient it towards outside, as in the figure. Without connecting to the walls of the firebox. The grate is as close as possible to the combustion door. If you sink it deeper, towards the rear wall of the firebox, smoking is possible - air turbulence will block the exit from the firebox to the smoke channels.

Row 7. The combustion door is installed. It is installed on a seal - a basalt cord impregnated with clay mortar.

Rows 8-13. Raise the firebox to the height of the fireplace door:

Rows 14-15. The place for the beam jumper is being prepared.

Many people prefer to make bevels for it right on the spot, choosing a brick with a grinder. You can also cut it in advance. The first option is more accurate. The second one is less dusty and dirty.

The door cover is made as thick as a brick.

Cannot be placed on anchors. Only a beam or arch (if the fire door has an arch). It is advisable to insert wire into the masonry joints:

Row 16. We begin to form under the bread chamber. We overlap without iron, with a simplified wedge overlap:

Row 17. We increase it for the bread chamber. We monitor the dressing of the slot ceiling:

Row 18: Install the bread chamber door. We place it, like the furnace, on a basalt cord:

Row 19. Continue with the bread chamber. We open the passage of gases from the bread chamber into the descending channels:

Row 20. We bring the entrance to the descending channels to a height of two bricks.

Row 21-22. We block the descending channels and form heels under the vaulted ceiling of the bread chamber.

Row 23. We mount the arch of the bread chamber. We leave the fireplace channel and close it with a valve with a long handle.

Attentively! The valve will get very hot during the process! Therefore, we place it on asbestos or basalt! The vault will have to be cut at the top to level the masonry.

Or lay out another row - this is if the size of the room allows. Row 24. We bandage the arch bread chamber. If there is free height in the room, you can lay out another row. The minimum is shown here:

Row 25-27. Form a cap over the bread chamber.

The columns under the ceiling are placed based on the location of the chimney - its location is not strictly regulated, it can be installed at any point of the stove ceiling - you need to start from the most convenient passage of the roof. Simply put: we look at the beams. Cleaning is carried out immediately - the installation point is chosen again along the pipe - preferably as close to it as possible. Not shown in the figure:

28-30 row. Mandatory three rows of overlap.

We place two valves in the pipe, one above the other.

Such duplication is necessary to form an air gap - as in double window glazing. Heat is retained better. To revive the masonry during the process, you can use brick releases to make shelves on the body of the stove. Just don’t get carried away with their construction - elements protruding from the array interfere with convection along the body of the stove: Everything will look something like this:

When lighting for the first time, always open the valve that closes the channel from the bread chamber to the pipe.

Many stove makers call it “direct stroke”. This manipulation will allow you to warm up the pipe. Subsequently, the firebox is carried out in the usual manner. When operating in furnace mode, this valve is always closed.

If we use it as a fireplace, then it is always open. Good and cozy warmth to you at any time of the year! two-story house, and the second floor will also be heated from the same stove. Laying a stove, even the simplest one, requires attention, diligence and hard work, because it is a complex and painstaking task. But after studying the photo report, a lot will become clear to you and you will be able to build a similar stove for yourself. Professional stove makers strongly recommend to beginners!!! First, try to lay the stove without mortar (dry) in order to learn from your mistakes and not allow them during real masonry! Anything is within the power of a person, the main thing is the desire and you will succeed! And so, let's look at all the stages of construction more carefully and figure out what the author needed to create this stove-fireplace? Materials 1.

red ceramic brick2. fireclay refractory brick3. red clay4.

river sand 5. roofing felt6. metal corner7.

grate 8. valves9. oven doors10.

Ash pan 11. soot cleaners12. wire13.

sheet metalTools1. trowel2. trowel3.

spatula4. Bulgarian5. diamond discs on stone6.

corner7. plumb8. ruler9.

level 10. mallet11. hammer12.

container for solution 13. drillThe process of building a fireplace stove with your own hands. And so, the first thing you should do is decide on the location of the future stove, since this stove will heat 2 floors, it is advisable and easier to place it in the middle of the room. Basically, stoves in houses are located in the center of the hut, this is how our grandfathers and great-grandfathers built.

But the location still depends on the design of the house itself, as well as the layout of the rooms. For example, fireplaces are built mainly along the wall, or in a corner, and in this case the stove is combined and the “middle” option was chosen. The author also offers layout diagrams for the stoves. For masonry, you should immediately decide on the brick and its quality. As a rule, stoves are laid from red ceramic solid bricks, but it is advisable to lay the internal combustion chamber from fireclay refractory bricks, it has a yellowish color and tolerates high temperatures well. The basis of the foundation is the direct arrangement of the foundation, the best would be concrete poured into formwork, larger than the stove .

For example, when stoves were built in villages, oak logs or stumps were used as the foundation. Now things are going well with materials, you can afford a solid and solid foundation. As expected, insulation in the form of roofing felt is laid on the base of the foundation. The lower part of the brickwork will be laid on cement mortar.

But only before the fire starts!!! As we can see in the photo, the master uses hollow red brick and generously fills it with cement mortar. Then the author begins laying the walls of the stove. Since the stove will be combined with the fireplace, the base is corresponding, divided under fireplace and firebox. Accuracy plays an important role in masonry and each row is placed level, strictly from the corner. The ash chamber door is installed, which also plays the role of a blower fresh air into the firebox. A grate is placed on top of the ash chamber. First, a cell is made from refractory brick. When laying a stove, a lot of bricks have to be chopped, so to minimize brick consumption, the master uses a grinder with a stone disc. Then the stove door of the combustion chamber is installed, secured with wire. Next, the walls of the stove are raised. From the side where the fireplace will be located, the craftsman places a corner in order to lay the brick, for a better fit, a groove was cut into the brick. Fireplace laying. The lower part of the fireplace, designed for drying and storing a small amount of firewood. Thanks to the grinder, the brick can be cut to a specific size and fit very tightly. This is what the door of the combustion chamber looks like. The upper part of the firebox is lined with refractory bricks, on clay mortar.Here the combustion chamber is ready. Next, the author proceeds to creating a chimney. The craftsman makes a metal spacer. And then lays brick on it. In order to be able to easily clean out the soot, plugs are installed.

During the operation of the furnace, there is such a problem as accumulated soot, it impedes the passage of gases and the furnace begins to smoke, so that in short terms To solve this problem, it is worth opening the plugs and clearing the passage from accumulated soot. Everything can be used further) Laying chimney wells. The chimneys are then placed up near the stove with a “snake”, near the fireplace with a “pipe” And now the stove has already grown to the ceiling. It is laid on the chimney of the stove a metal sheet, and on top there are 2 layers of brick - this is done to compensate for the pressure inside the stove. Each chimney has its own valve. After the valves, the chimney merges into one and goes to the second floor of the building. Note!!! Here the author uses a trick, namely, the brick is placed directly on the edge; the chimney inside has a serpentine shape, which allows the room on the second floor to be heated to the optimal temperature in a short period of time. The master makes a hole in the roof using a reciprocating saw, or an ordinary hacksaw. As you can see, the pipe is also laid out with bricks on edge - this, by the way, saves a lot construction material, but mainly facilitates the design.

The pipe should also be secured metal corners for greater reliability. It is then advisable to plaster such masonry, and ideally also cover it with tiles. At the exit, the pipe continues to be laid traditional method for a full brick. Attention! The pipe must be strictly higher than the roof ridge, at least 50 cm.

Otherwise, it will be blown out by the wind. This is exactly the kind of stove-fireplace the author came up with; all that remains is to plaster it and cover it with stone or tiles, to make it more aesthetically pleasing appearance. The work is certainly difficult, but doable) Don’t start laying the stove right away, study special literature! Then try to start by building a simple oven (dry) without mortar. And only after gaining some experience, you can safely get down to business! This concludes the article.

Thank you for your attention! Come visit often, don’t miss out on new items in the world of homemade products! This article is presented for informational purposes! SourceBecome the author of the site, publish your own articles, descriptions of homemade products with payment for the text. More details here.10Idea8Description10ExecutionFinal rating: 9.33 out of 10 (votes: 1)FacebookVKontakteTwitterGoogle+OK11To write a comment you must log in to the site via social media. networks (or register): Regular registrationInformationVisitors in the Guests group cannot leave comments on this publication.

Of course, laying a fireplace with your own hands is quite a responsible task, so before you begin, you need to carefully prepare. First you need to decide on the location of the fireplace stove in the house, its type and size.

Types of fireplaces

According to the installation method, fireplaces can be divided into built-in, free-standing (island), corner and double-sided. Each type of installation has its own advantages and disadvantages.

• Attached is the simplest option to implement, which is erected next to the wall, and the chimney runs along it and leads out into the street through the roof.

• Built-in - mounted directly in the wall, and the chimney also passes through it. This option is more difficult to implement, and choosing it for self-installation not worth it unless you have relevant construction skills.

• Free-standing - it does not come into contact with the walls and is good because it evenly warms the entire room. This option should be installed where there is enough free space, for example, in a private house or in a country house. The process of building a fireplace with your own hands is quite complicated, since there is no finished wall and you will have to completely build a fireplace out of brick.

• Double-sided - a fireplace with a through or two fireboxes. It can be located in the center of the room, as a free-standing one, or it can be built into the wall. This is enough complex design, which it is advisable to install with the participation of an experienced craftsman.

• Corner is the most compact version of the fireplace, which is well suited for small rooms. It differs from the option attached to the wall only in that it is adjacent to two walls at once instead of one.

Firebox type and fireplace dimensions

Once you have decided on the location of the fireplace, you need to choose the type of firebox. It can be open (without protective glass) or closed.

The open fireplace has special requirements to construction due to high fire hazard. Closed chambers combustion is less dangerous due to protective thermal glass, more durable and have higher efficiency.

The next stage in building a fireplace is calculating its dimensions. This is an important process, since the quality of the fireplace’s operation, its safety and aesthetic appearance will subsequently depend on the correctness of the calculations.

To calculate the dimensions of the fireplace you can use ready-made diagram from the Internet or draw your own based on it.

Please note that the opening for the firebox should be no more than 1/50 of the volume of the room, and the chimney should be at least 8 times larger than the firebox. The length of the chimney depends on the height of the room.

How to build a brick fireplace: main steps

Once you have decided on the location of the fireplace, its dimensions, and also decided whether it will be closed or open, you can begin the practical stages of building a fireplace with your own hands.

1. Selection and purchase of materials - traditionally, heat-resistant bricks are used for laying fireplaces in private homes (although for the most simple designs, in which the combustion will not be too intense, it is permissible to use ordinary red brick), special clay for hearths, purified sand without large fractions, Portland cement, crushed stone and reinforcement to strengthen the foundation. Smooth facing brick is used to decorate the fireplace. The firebox is closed with a smoke damper, which can be made to order according to an individual project.
2. Pouring the foundation - for this, a hole is dug, which should be about 10 cm wider than the intended foundation and have at least 60 centimeters in depth. Crushed stone is poured into the bottom of the pit, on top of which a foundation is already mounted, which consists of wooden formwork, filled with cement. The finished foundation is covered with polyethylene, and the construction of a fireplace on it can begin in about a week.
3. Preparing the bricks - before starting to lay the fireplace, each brick must be soaked in water for several minutes so that it does not take moisture from the mortar.
4. Laying bricks - bricks must be laid clearly one above the other, constantly checking the order diagram. The first rows need to be laid under the rail, and on the third row metal pins are mounted, on which the grille is subsequently mounted.
5. Installation of the firebox, smoke collector and smoke channel - it is advisable to mount the internal walls of the firebox at an angle, then the fireplace will have a higher heat-reflecting ability. The smoke chamber is located strictly above the firebox, and the smoke channel must be perfectly vertical.
6. The design of the external part is the most important stage in the construction of a fireplace and depends entirely on your imagination. Can be used for cladding natural or fake diamond, wood panels and many other materials. The main thing is that the fireplace fits organically into the interior.

Among everyone who wants to make a home real fireplace the vast majority do not even think about ways to realize their dreams, since hiring professionals is quite expensive, and confidence in own strength no at all. This picture arises due to the fact that the thought is firmly ingrained in our consciousness: baking is only for the elite.

There is no need to lie, there is partly truth in this. The knowledge possessed by a professional stove maker cannot be conveyed in one day; it is reinforced by experience. But the fact that similar works available only to some, you can safely reject it if you force yourself to understand the structure of the fireplace and do all the work.

Ready home

Basic design of a fireplace

With all the variety of types of fireplaces, their function is to create a feeling of comfort, complement the interior and provide heating. Moreover, unlike a real stove, heating is provided by the fireplace infrared radiation, which produces a flame of burning fuel. Due to this circuit diagram the fireplace originates from heating stove and undergoes some abolitions, which turns the model into a simple fireplace device that you can build at home with your own hands.

Scheme corner fireplace

The figure shows a diagram of a corner fireplace, although the wall-mounted options have the same components.

• The firebox sheet serves as protection flooring from high temperatures and from accidental fire when hot coals enter from the firebox.
• Air enters through the ash pan to maintain combustion. The ash pan cavity accumulates unburned fuel residues.
• The fuel tank is the main element in which combustion occurs.
• A mirror is used to localize and focus the radiation; it directs the energy into the room.
• The basis of the fireplace, its load-bearing element. The portal is convenient to demonstrate on built-in fireboxes, and in this case the entire body is a portal.
• Smoke tooth in the most simple models absent. It is designed to prevent backdraft.
• Hailo serves to concentrate the smoke before convection occurs. The term “smoke collector” is also known.
• The damper regulates the draft and prevents heat loss when the fireplace is not lit.
• Products are discharged through the chimney after fuel combustion.

Phased construction as a formula for success

Before folding the fireplace, a number of theoretical works should be performed. In general, all work needs to be divided into separate stages. Only by working step by step will you use your efforts productively, because mistakes made can be quickly corrected.

At the first stage, it is necessary to create a project in which a drawing with dimensions will be presented, step-by-step instruction laying rows and description of individual additional options (pockets, shelves, etc.).

Throughout time, the main place in the house was given to the hearth. Recently, fireplaces in houses and cottages have become very popular, and the question of how to build a fireplace with your own hands is quite relevant.

Any stove or fireplace must meet the following requirements:

1. No smoke.
2. Heating the room.
3. Beautiful appearance.

To achieve these goals, all stages of construction must be followed.

Location

The very first step involves choosing the location of the fireplace; not only saving living space, but also its efficient heating depends on this.

First you need to decide on the type of structure.

The fireplace stove can have the following design options:

• Wall-mounted.
• Angular.
• Built-in.
• Ostrovny.

Based on this, the home owner can choose a suitable location for the fireplace.

When planning the location, it is necessary to take into account that it is not advisable to install a fireplace stove opposite a window, since the heat will escape out the window. In addition, it is necessary to strictly follow fire safety rules; a fireplace is a source of heat, not fire.

Materials

Making fireplaces begins with the selection of materials. For construction we will need:

• Red ceramic brick. Its quantity is calculated based on the prepared drawing, while all incomplete bricks must be taken into account as whole.
• River sand. Be sure to sift and clear of dirt and debris. The grain size of the material should be within the normal range (0.2–1.5 mm).
• Crushed stone for making a foundation. The acceptable fraction should be from 2 to 6 cm.
• Blue Cambrian clay or regular red.
• Cement (M 200 or M 300).
• Smoke damper.
• Fittings.

Brick and its varieties

Throughout the entire period of kiln construction, solid red brick, which is made from clay, is used.

This material is used to lay out the outer parts of fireplaces. Therefore, a lot depends on the quality of the brick.

The brick must have the following properties:

• Have the correct shape;
• Contain no cracks or gouges.
• Have no deformations;

The interior of the fireplace is lined with fireproof fireclay bricks or quartz material.

Material quality requirements

When purchasing a brick, you need to pay attention to the following parameters:

1. The material must correspond to a grade of at least M200.
2. The required quantity of bricks must be purchased from one batch.
3. The appearance of the brick - it should not contain cracks or chips.

Preparation

This stage consists of the process of preparing materials. Particular attention, of course, is paid to the brick, but in addition to it, other components will be needed.

You will need a clay mixture, which is thoroughly cleaned of unnecessary impurities and wiped. Before laying, this mixture is soaked for about 2–3 hours.

The sand that will participate in the solution must also be cleaned; it will be enough to sift it through a sieve with fine holes.

Having completed this, you can begin to prepare the solution, the proportion of which must be strictly observed. Based on the fat content of the clay, the ratio of sand and clay should look like 1:1 or 1:2.

The resulting solution should not spread on the surface of the brick, but at the same time slide off it with ease.

Pouring the foundation

To pour the foundation for the fireplace/stove, you will need the following materials and tools:

• roulette;
• Bulgarian;
• welding machine;
• hammer + nails;
• board;
• fittings;
• cement (grade M400).

The first thing you need to do is formwork from edged boards. It must be securely installed and have a height of 8–10 cm. The reinforcing rod is laid in 19 cm increments, after which perpendicular rows of rods are laid. The joints of the rods must be secured by welding.

The solution must be poured in two stages. The first involves a layer of concrete of 4 cm, then it is necessary to lay the sheathing, after which the last layer is poured, the height of which should be about 6 cm.

To ensure that the finished foundation does not contain voids, the solution is plowed a little with a free rod.

After this, the foundation must be left alone. Its drying time can vary from 15 to 18 days, depending on the conditions.

Fireplace masonry

This process is quite simple; after reading the article, you will learn: how to build a fireplace yourself from brick? In order to carry out the masonry correctly, it is necessary to strictly follow the construction plan.

DIY fireplace

The laying is carried out according to the following scheme:

1. Several layers of waterproofing material are laid on top of the foundation base.
2. For the first row, cement is added to the mortar, and the bricks are laid on slats.
3. The third row has small nuances, namely the installation of two pins, which will be needed a little later for the fireplace grate.
4. In order to fold the fireplace-stove correctly, you must adhere to the diagram or drawing.
5. To maintain the temperature regime in the future structure, it is necessary to ensure that the outer wall of the brick fireplace does not come into contact with the firebox.
6. To remove excess solution from the walls of the firebox, its surface is cleaned with a damp cloth.
7. To improve the quality of heating, it is necessary to maintain a slight angle of inclination of the rear wall forward. The side walls are designed to be turned outward.
8. To avoid the possibility of fire, it is necessary to take precautions and protect the floor in front of the fireplace with a sheet of iron.

Folding the fireplace stove is half the battle; you need to make a smoke collector.

The principle of its laying is to lay out bricks with a gradual overlap. Portal-type holes inside are blocked using jumpers, which can be made in several ways:

• arched,
• wedge,
• vaulted.

To correctly lay out the smoke collector, it is necessary to maintain its verticality. Once you have crossed the floor with the roof, you can begin building the roof pipe. This masonry is done on a cement-sand mixture.

By following these rules, you can easily design a stove or fireplace yourself. Now all that remains is to deal with the chimney.

Chimney

If the chimney structure is made of brick, it is necessary to consider a foundation or a steel frame for it, which will rest against the main foundation. The chimney itself is located on the outside of the firebox and wrapped in thermally insulated material. The top of the chimney is sheathed with a sheet of steel or aluminum.

Using ready-made pipe sections for the chimney, special clamps are used as fastenings, with the help of which the structure is fixed to the floors of buildings. This chimney option can do without a foundation.

Finishing work

In addition to the fact that the fireplace-stove can be decorated with a colored joint, the brick itself can possibly be repainted in a different color. For these purposes, tempera or gouache is used.

The decoration for the corner version of the fireplace can be tiles or marble tiles, stone or decorative brick. If desired, you can simply plaster the surface or use other decorative elements.

The modern market offers a large number of elements for decoration, including wooden parts. For safety reasons, their use is not recommended.

The decoration is fastened using regular tile adhesive, and the decoration itself should start from the bottom of the fireplace, gradually rising.

If your fireplace or stove already contains marble parts, it is recommended to cover them with cellophane to avoid scratches.

• For the firebox, you can use fireclay bricks, and for cladding, choose a material of a different quality.

• The chimney structure can be made not only of brick, but also of special modules in the form of a metal or ceramic pipe.

• To reduce errors when building fireplaces, it is recommended to use ready-made drawings rather than developing them yourself.

• When designing a fireplace, you can focus on built-in shelves or firewood racks, this will give the structure a more aesthetic appearance.

From the above material we can conclude that laying a fireplace is a fairly simple process. All you need is to follow all the instructions and recommendations, then the question is: how to build a fireplace? won't take you by surprise.

Video: How to make a brick fireplace with your own hands