Comparison of thermal conductivity of building materials by thickness. Comparison of the main characteristics of various insulation materials: thermal conductivity and density, hygroscopicity and thickness Thermal conductivity of insulation materials table

The buildings are defective. To help you, we provide you with a detailed table of the thermal conductivity of building materials, described in this article.

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What is thermal conductivity and its importance?

Thermal conductivity is the quantitative property of substances to transmit heat, which is determined by a coefficient. This indicator is equal to the total amount of heat that passes through a homogeneous material having a unit of length, area and time with a single difference in temperature. The SI system converts this value into a thermal conductivity coefficient, which in letter designation looks like this - W/(m*K). Thermal energy spreads through the material through fast-moving heated particles, which, when colliding with slow and cold particles, transfer a share of heat to them. The better the heated particles are protected from the cold ones, the better the accumulated heat will be retained in the material.

Detailed table of thermal conductivity of building materials

The main feature of heat-insulating materials and building parts is the internal structure and compression ratio of the molecular basis of the raw materials from which the materials are composed. The values of thermal conductivity coefficients of building materials are described in a table below.

Type of material	Thermal conductivity coefficients, *W/(mm°С)**
Type of material	Dry	Average heat transfer conditions	High humidity conditions
Polystyrene	36 - 41	38 - 44	44 - 50
Extruded polystyrene	29	30	31
Felt	45
Cement+sand mortar	580	760	930
Lime+sand solution	470	700	810
made of plaster	250
Stone wool 180 kg/m 3	38	45	48
140-175 kg/m 3	37	43	46
80-125 kg/m 3	36	42	45
40-60 kg/m 3	35	41	44
25-50 kg/m 3	36	42	45
Glass wool 85 kg/m 3	44	46	50
75 kg/m 3	40	42	47
60 kg/m 3	38	40	45
45 kg/m 3	39	41	45
35 kg/m 3	39	41	46
30 kg/m 3	40	42	46
20 kg/m 3	40	43	48
17 kg/m 3	44	47	53
15 kg/m 3	46	49	55
Foam block and gas block based on 1000 kg/m 3	290	380	430
800 kg/m 3	210	330	370
600 kg/m 3	140	220	260
400 kg/m 3	110	140	150
and on lime 1000 kg/m 3	310	480	550
800 kg/m 3	230	390	450
400 kg/m 3	130	220	280
Pine and spruce wood cut across the grain	9	140	180
pine and spruce cut along the grain	180	290	350
Oak wood across the grain	100	180	230
Oak wood along the grain	230	350	410
Copper	38200 - 39000
Aluminum	20200 - 23600
Brass	9700 - 11100
Iron	9200
Tin	6700
Steel	4700
Glass 3 mm	760
Snow layer	100 - 150
Plain water	560
Average temperature air	26
Vacuum	0
Argon	17
Xenon	0,57
Arbolit	7 - 170
	35
Reinforced concrete density 2.5 thousand kg/m 3	169	192	204
Concrete on crushed stone with a density of 2.4 thousand kg/m 3	151	174	186
with a density of 1.8 thousand kg/m 3	660	800	920
Expanded clay concrete with a density of 1.6 thousand kg/m 3	580	670	790
Concrete on expanded clay with a density of 1.4 thousand kg/m 3	470	560	650
Concrete on expanded clay with a density of 1.2 thousand kg/m 3	360	440	520
Expanded clay concrete with a density of 1 thousand kg/m 3	270	330	410
Concrete on expanded clay with a density of 800 kg/m 3	210	240	310
Concrete on expanded clay with a density of 600 kg/m 3	160	200	260
Concrete on expanded clay with a density of 500 kg/m 3	140	170	230
Large format ceramic block	140 - 180
ceramic dense	560	700	810
Sand-lime brick	700	760	870
Hollow ceramic brick 1500 kg/m³	470	580	640
Hollow ceramic brick 1300 kg/m³	410	520	580
Hollow ceramic brick 1000 kg/m³	350	470	520
Silicate for 11 holes (density 1500 kg/m 3)	640	700	810
Silicate for 14 holes (density 1400 kg/m 3)	520	640	760
Granite stone	349	349	349
marble stone	2910	2910	2910
Limestone stone, 2000 kg/m 3	930	1160	1280
Limestone stone, 1800 kg/m3	700	930	1050
Limestone stone, 1600 kg/m 3	580	730	810
Limestone stone, 1400 kg/m 3	490	560	580
Tuff 2000 kg/m 3	760	930	1050
Tuff 1800 kg/m 3	560	700	810
Tuff 1600 kg/m 3	410	520	640
Tuff 1400 kg/m 3	330	430	520
Tuff 1200 kg/m 3	270	350	410
Tuff 1000 kg/m 3	210	240	290
Dry sand 1600 kg/m 3	350
Pressed plywood	120	150	180
Pressed 1000 kg/m 3	150	230	290
Pressed board 800 kg/m 3	130	190	230
Pressed board 600 kg/m 3	110	130	160
Pressed board 400 kg/m 3	80	110	130
Pressed board 200 kg/m 3	6	7	8
Tow	5	6	7
(cladding), 1050 kg/m 3	150	340	360
(cladding), 800 kg/m 3	150	190	210
	380	380	380
on insulation 1600 kg/m 3	330	330	330
Linoleum with insulation 1800 kg/m 3	350	350	350
Linoleum with insulation 1600 kg/m 3	290	290	290
Linoleum with insulation 1400 kg/m 3	200	230	230
Eco-based cotton wool	37 - 42
Sandy perlite with a density of 75 kg/m 3	43 - 47
Sandy perlite with a density of 100 kg/m 3	52
Sandy perlite with a density of 150 kg/m 3	52 - 58
Sandy perlite with a density of 200 kg/m 3	70
Foamed glass whose density is 100 - 150 kg/m 3	43 - 60
Foamed glass whose density is 51 - 200 kg/m 3	60 - 63
Foamed glass whose density is 201 - 250 kg/m 3	66 - 73
Foamed glass whose density is 251 - 400 kg/m 3	85 - 100
Foamed glass in blocks with a density of 100 - 120 kg/m 3	43 - 45
Foamed glass whose density is 121 - 170 kg/m 3	50 - 62
Foamed glass whose density is 171 - 220 kg/m 3	57 - 63
Foamed glass whose density is 221 - 270 kg/m 3	73
Expanded clay and gravel embankment whose density is 250 kg/m 3	99 - 100	110	120
Expanded clay and gravel embankment whose density is 300 kg/m 3	108	120	130
Expanded clay and gravel embankment whose density is 350 kg/m 3	115 - 120	125	140
Expanded clay and gravel embankment whose density is 400 kg/m 3	120	130	145
Expanded clay and gravel embankment whose density is 450 kg/m 3	130	140	155
Expanded clay and gravel embankment whose density is 500 kg/m 3	140	150	165
Expanded clay and gravel embankment whose density is 600 kg/m 3	140	170	190
Expanded clay and gravel embankment whose density is 800 kg/m 3	180	180	190
Gypsum boards whose density is 1350 kg/m 3	350	500	560
slabs whose density is 1100 kg/m 3	230	350	410
Perlite concrete whose density is 1200 kg/m 3	290	440	500
MTPerlite concrete whose density is 1000 kg/m 3	220	330	380
Perlite concrete whose density is 800 kg/m 3	160	270	330
Perlite concrete whose density is 600 kg/m 3	120	190	230
Foamed polyurethane with a density of 80 kg/m 3	41	42	50
Foamed polyurethane with a density of 60 kg/m 3	35	36	41
Foamed polyurethane with a density of 40 kg/m 3	29	31	40
Cross-linked polyurethane foam	31 - 38

Important! To achieve more effective insulation, you need to arrange different materials. The compatibility of surfaces with each other is indicated in the manufacturer's instructions.

Explanations of the indicators in the table of thermal conductivity of materials and insulation: their classification

Depending on the design features of the structure that needs to be insulated, the type of insulation is selected. So, for example, if the wall is built in two rows, then 5 cm thick foam plastic is suitable for complete insulation.

Thanks to the wide range of densities of foam sheets, they can be used to perfectly produce thermal insulation walls made of OSB and plastered on top, which will also increase the efficiency of the insulation.

You can familiarize yourself with the level of thermal conductivity, presented in a table in the photo below.

Classification of thermal insulation

Based on the method of heat transfer, thermal insulation materials are divided into two types:

Insulation that absorbs any impact of cold, heat, chemical exposure, etc.;
Insulation that can reflect all types of impact on it;

Based on the thermal conductivity coefficients of the material from which the insulation is made, it is divided into classes:

And class. This insulation has the lowest thermal conductivity, the maximum value of which is 0.06 W (m*C);
B class. It has an average SI parameter and reaches 0.115 W (m*C);
To class. It is endowed with high thermal conductivity and demonstrates an indicator of 0.175 W (m*C);

Note! Not all insulation materials are resistant to high temperatures. For example, ecowool, straw, chipboard, fibreboard and peat need reliable protection from external conditions.

Main types of material heat transfer coefficients. Table + examples

The calculation of what is necessary, if it concerns the external walls of the house, comes from the regional location of the building. To explain clearly how it happens, in the table below, the figures given will concern the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Type of material	*Heat transfer, W/(m°C)**	Wall thickness, mm	Illustration
3D
Concrete based on expanded clay	0,2	1630
Foam block with a density of 1 thousand kg/m³	0,3	2450
Coniferous trees along the grain	0,35	2860
Oak lining	0,41	3350

Each building has different heat transfer resistance of materials. The table below, which is an excerpt from SNiP, clearly demonstrates this.

Examples of building insulation depending on thermal conductivity

In modern construction, walls consisting of two or even three layers of material have become the norm. One layer consists of, which is selected after certain calculations. Additionally, you need to find out where the dew point is.

To organize, it is necessary to comprehensively use several SNiPs, GOSTs, manuals and joint ventures:

SNiP 23-02-2003 (SP 50.13330.2012). "Thermal protection of buildings." Revision dated 2012;
SNiP 23-01-99 (SP 131.13330.2012). "Building climatology". Revision dated 2012;
SP 23-101-2004. “Design of thermal protection of buildings”;
Benefit. E.G. Malyavin “Heat loss of a building. Reference manual";
GOST 30494-96 (replaced by GOST 30494-2011 since 2011). “Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters";

By making calculations based on these documents, they determine the thermal characteristics of the building material enclosing the structure, the thermal transfer resistance and the degree of coincidence with regulatory documents. The calculation parameters based on the thermal conductivity table of the building material are shown in the photo below.

conclusions

With such a variety of various thermal insulations, the table of thermal conductivity of building materials will help you in the best possible way to resolve the issue of choice. Warm and comfortable housing for you!

Today, manufacturers of thermal insulation materials offer developers a truly huge selection of materials. At the same time, everyone assures us that their insulation is ideal for insulating a house. Due to such a variety of building materials, accept correct solution in favor of a certain material is really quite difficult. In this article, we decided to compare insulation materials in terms of thermal conductivity and other equally important characteristics.

It’s worth first talking about the main characteristics of thermal insulation that you need to pay attention to when purchasing. Comparisons of insulation by characteristics should be made keeping in mind their purpose. For example, despite the fact that XPS extrusion is stronger than mineral wool, but near an open fire or at high operating temperatures, it is worth buying fire-resistant insulation for your own safety.

Comparison of insulation by characteristics

Thermal conductivity. The lower this indicator for the material, the less it will be necessary to lay a layer of insulation, which means that the cost of purchasing materials will be reduced (if the cost of the materials is in the same price range). The thinner the insulation layer, the less space will be “eaten up”.

Moisture permeability. Low moisture and vapor permeability increases the service life of thermal insulation and reduces the negative impact of moisture on the thermal conductivity of the insulation during subsequent operation, but this increases the risk of condensation on the structure due to poor ventilation.

Fire safety. If insulation is used in a bathhouse or boiler room, then the material should not support combustion, but rather must withstand high temperatures. But if you are insulating a strip foundation or blind area of a house, then the characteristics of moisture resistance and strength come to the fore.

Cost-effective and easy to install. The insulation must be affordable, otherwise it will simply be impractical to insulate the house. It is also important that you can insulate the brick facade of a house on your own, without resorting to the help of specialists or using expensive installation equipment.

Environmental friendliness. All materials for construction must be safe for humans and surrounding nature. Let's not forget to mention good sound insulation, which is very important for cities where it is important to protect your home from noise from the street.

Comparison of insulation materials by thermal conductivity

What characteristics are important when choosing insulation? What should you pay attention to and ask the seller? Is only thermal conductivity decisive when purchasing insulation, or are there other parameters that are worth considering? And a bunch of similar questions come to the developer’s mind when it comes time to choose insulation. In this review, let us pay attention to the most popular types of thermal insulation.

Foam plastic (expanded polystyrene)

Polystyrene foam is the most popular insulation material today due to its ease of installation and low cost. It is made by foaming polystyrene, has low thermal conductivity, is easy to cut and convenient for installation. However, the material is fragile and fire hazard; when burned, the foam releases harmful, toxic substances. Expanded polystyrene is preferably used in non-residential premises.

Extruded polystyrene foam

Extrusion is not susceptible to moisture and rotting; it is a very durable and easy-to-install insulation. Technoplex slabs have high strength and compression resistance, do not decompose. Due to its technical characteristics, technoplex is used to insulate blind areas and foundations of buildings. Extruded polystyrene foam is durable and easy to use.

Basalt (mineral) wool

The insulation is made from rocks, by melting and blowing them to produce a fibrous structure. Rocklight basalt wool can withstand high temperatures, does not burn and does not cake over time. The material is environmentally friendly, has good sound insulation and thermal insulation. Manufacturers recommend using mineral wool to insulate attics and other residential premises.

Fiberglass (glass wool)

When many people hear the word glass wool, they associate it with Soviet material, but modern fiberglass-based materials do not cause skin irritation. A common disadvantage mineral wool and fiberglass has low moisture resistance, which requires reliable moisture and vapor barriers when installing insulation. The material is not recommended for use in damp areas.

Foamed polyethylene

This roll insulation has a porous structure, various thicknesses are often produced with the application of an additional layer of foil for a reflective effect. Izolon and penofol have a thickness 10 times thinner than traditional insulation, but retain up to 97% of heat. The material does not allow moisture to pass through, has low thermal conductivity due to its porous structure and does not emit harmful substances.

Spray insulation

Sprayed thermal insulation includes PPU (polyurethane foam) and Ecotermix. The main disadvantages of these insulation materials include the need for special equipment to apply them. At the same time, sprayed thermal insulation creates a durable, continuous coating on the structure without cold bridges, while the structure will be protected from moisture, since polyurethane foam is a moisture-proof material.

Comparison of insulation materials. Thermal conductivity table

A complete picture of what kind of insulation should be used in a particular case is given by the table of thermal conductivity of thermal insulation. All you have to do is correlate the data from this table with the cost of insulation from different manufacturers and suppliers, and also consider the possibility of using it in specific conditions (insulation of the roof of a house, strip foundation, boiler room, chimney etc.).

Comparison of insulation materials by thermal conductivity

Comparison of insulation materials by thermal conductivity. In this article, we decided to compare insulation materials in the table based on thermal conductivity and other important characteristics.

Comparison of thermal conductivity of building materials by thickness

There are many building materials available for sale that are used to improve the heat retention properties of a structure - insulation materials. In the construction of a house, it can be used in almost every part of it: from the foundation to the attic. Next we will talk about the main properties of materials that can provide the required level of thermal conductivity of objects for various purposes, and will also compare them, in which the table will help.

Main characteristics of insulation

When choosing insulation materials, you need to pay attention to various factors: type of structure, presence of exposure to high temperatures, open fire, characteristic level of humidity. Only after determining the conditions of use, as well as the level of thermal conductivity of the materials used for the construction of a certain part of the structure, you need to look at the characteristics of a specific insulation:

Thermal conductivity. The quality of the insulation process carried out directly depends on this indicator, as well as required amount material to achieve the desired result. The lower the thermal conductivity, the more efficient use insulation.
Moisture absorption. This indicator is especially important when insulating the external parts of the structure, which may be periodically exposed to moisture. For example, when insulating a foundation in soils with high water levels or a high level of water content in its structure.
Thickness. The use of thin insulation allows you to preserve the internal space of a residential building, and also directly affects the quality of insulation.
Flammability. This property of materials is especially important when used to reduce the thermal conductivity of ground parts of residential buildings, as well as buildings special purpose. High-quality products are self-extinguishing and do not emit toxic substances when ignited.
Heat resistance. The material must withstand critical temperatures. For example, low temperatures during outdoor use.
Environmental friendliness. It is necessary to resort to the use of materials that are safe for humans. Requirements for this factor may vary depending on the future purpose of the structure.
Soundproofing. This additional property of insulation in some situations makes it possible to achieve good level protecting the premises from noise and extraneous sounds.

When a material with low thermal conductivity is used in the construction of a certain part of the structure, you can buy the cheapest insulation (if preliminary calculations allow this).

The importance of a specific characteristic directly depends on the conditions of use and the allocated budget.

Comparison of popular insulation materials

Let's look at several materials used to improve the energy efficiency of buildings:

Mineral wool. Made from natural materials. It is resistant to fire and is environmentally friendly, as well as low thermal conductivity. But the inability to withstand the effects of water reduces the possibilities of use.
Styrofoam. Lightweight material with excellent insulating properties. Affordable, easy to install and moisture resistant. Disadvantages: good flammability and release of harmful substances during combustion. It is recommended to use it in non-residential premises.
Balsa wool. The material is almost identical to mineral wool, only differs in improved moisture resistance. It is not compacted during manufacturing, which significantly extends its service life.
Penoplex. The insulation resists moisture, high temperatures, fire, rot, and decomposition well. It has excellent thermal conductivity, is easy to install and durable. Can be used in places with maximum requirements for the material’s ability to withstand various influences.
Penofol. Multilayer insulation natural origin. Consists of polyethylene, pre-foamed before production. May have different porosity and width indicators. Often the surface is covered with foil, thereby achieving a reflective effect. It is distinguished by its lightness, ease of installation, high energy efficiency, moisture resistance, and low weight.

Thermal conductivity coefficient dimension

When choosing a material for use in close proximity to a person, it is necessary Special attention pay attention to its environmental friendliness and fire safety characteristics. Also, in some situations, it is rational to buy more expensive insulation, which will have additional moisture protection or sound insulation properties, which ultimately allows you to save money.

Comparison using a table

The indicator of thermal conductivity properties is the main criterion when choosing an insulation material. All that remains is to compare pricing policies different suppliers and determine the required quantity.

Insulation is one of the main ways to obtain a structure with the required energy efficiency. Before making your final choice, carefully determine the conditions of use and, armed with the table provided, make the right choice.

Comparison of insulation materials by thermal conductivity and material density

Comparison of different types of insulation

Last time we determined the cheapest insulation. Today we will compare insulation materials. You can find a table with general characteristics at the end of the article. We have selected the most popular materials, including mineral wool, polyurethane foam, penoizol, polystyrene foam and ecowool. As you can see, this is universal insulation with a wide range of applications.

Comparison of thermal conductivity of insulation materials

The higher the thermal conductivity, the worse the material works as insulation.

It is not without reason that we start comparing insulation materials based on thermal conductivity, since this is undoubtedly the most important characteristic. It shows how much heat a material transmits, not over a certain period of time, but constantly. Thermal conductivity is expressed by a coefficient and is calculated in watts per square meter. For example, a coefficient of 0.05 W/m*K indicates that constant heat loss per square meter is 0.05 Watt. The higher the coefficient, the better material conducts heat, and accordingly, it works worse as insulation.

Below is a table comparing popular insulation materials by thermal conductivity:

Having studied the above types of insulation and their characteristics, we can conclude that with equal thickness the most effective thermal insulation among all, it is a liquid two-component polyurethane foam (PPU).

The thickness of the thermal insulation varies important, it must be calculated for each case individually. The result is influenced by the region, the material and thickness of the walls, and the presence of air buffer zones.

Comparative characteristics of insulation materials show that thermal conductivity is affected by the density of the material, especially for mineral wool. The higher the density, the less air there is in the insulation structure. As is known, air has a low thermal conductivity coefficient, which is less than 0.022 W/m*K. Based on this, as density increases, the coefficient of thermal conductivity also increases, which negatively affects the ability of the material to retain heat.

Comparison of vapor permeability of insulation materials

High vapor permeability = no condensation.

Vapor permeability is the ability of a material to allow air to pass through, and with it steam. That is, the thermal insulation can breathe. Lately, manufacturers have been focusing a lot of attention on this characteristic of home insulation. In fact, high vapor permeability is only needed when insulation of a wooden house. In all other cases, this criterion is not categorically important.

A comparison of wall insulation showed that natural materials have the highest degree of vapor permeability, while polymer insulation has an extremely low coefficient. This indicates that materials such as polyurethane foam and polystyrene foam have the ability to retain steam, that is, they perform vapor barrier function. Penoizol is also a kind of polymer that is made from resins. Its difference from polyurethane foam and polystyrene foam lies in the structure of the cells that open. In other words, it is a material with an open-cell structure. The ability of thermal insulation to transmit steam is closely related to the following characteristic– moisture absorption.

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Review of hygroscopicity of thermal insulation

High hygroscopicity is a disadvantage that needs to be eliminated.

Hygroscopicity is the ability of a material to absorb moisture, measured as a percentage of its own weight of insulation. Hygroscopicity can be called the weak side of thermal insulation and the higher this value, the more serious measures will be required to neutralize it. The fact is that water, getting into the structure of the material, reduces the effectiveness of the insulation. Comparison of hygroscopicity of the most common thermal insulation materials in civil engineering:

A comparison of the hygroscopicity of home insulation showed the high moisture absorption of foam insulation, while this thermal insulation has the ability to distribute and remove moisture. Thanks to this, even when wet by 30%, the thermal conductivity coefficient does not decrease. Despite the fact that mineral wool has a low percentage of moisture absorption, it especially needs protection. Having absorbed the water, it holds it, preventing it from leaving. At the same time, the ability to prevent heat loss is catastrophically reduced.

To prevent moisture from entering the mineral wool, vapor barrier films and diffusion membranes are used. Basically, polymers are resistant to prolonged exposure to moisture, with the exception of ordinary polystyrene foam, which quickly deteriorates. In any case, water does not benefit any thermal insulation material, so it is extremely important to exclude or minimize their contact.

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Installation and operational efficiency

Installation of polyurethane foam is quick and easy.

Comparison of the characteristics of insulation materials should be carried out taking into account installation, because this is also important. Easiest to work with liquid thermal insulation, such as polyurethane foam and penoizol, but this requires special equipment. It is also easy to lay ecowool (cellulose) on horizontal surfaces, for example, when floor insulation or attic floor. To spray ecowool on walls using the wet method, special devices are also needed.

Polystyrene foam is laid both on the sheathing and directly on work surface. In principle, this also applies to stone wool slabs. Moreover, slab insulation can be laid on both vertical and horizontal surfaces (including under screed). Soft glass wool in rolls is laid only on the sheathing.

During operation, the thermal insulation layer may undergo some undesirable changes:

absorb moisture;
shrink;
become a home for mice;
collapse from exposure to IR rays, water, solvents, etc.

In addition to all of the above, the fire safety of thermal insulation is important. Comparison of insulation materials, flammability group table:

Today we reviewed the most commonly used home insulation materials. Based on comparison results different characteristics we obtained data regarding thermal conductivity, vapor permeability, hygroscopicity and the degree of flammability of each of the insulation materials. IN

In addition to these characteristics, we have determined that it is easiest to work with liquid insulation and ecowool. PPU, penoizol and ecowool (installation using the wet method) are simply sprayed onto the work surface. Dry ecowool is poured manually.

Comparison table for home insulation based on thermal conductivity

Table comparing the characteristics of home insulation materials by thermal conductivity. Review of the most popular types thermal insulation materials for walls based on efficiency.

Table of thermal conductivity of insulation and other materials

To enjoy the warmth and comfort of your home in winter, you need to take care of its thermal insulation in advance. Today this is not difficult to do, because there is a wide range of insulation materials on the construction market. Each of them has its own pros and cons and is suitable for insulation under certain operating conditions. When choosing a material, such a criterion as thermal conductivity remains very important.

What is thermal conductivity

This is the process of releasing thermal energy in order to obtain thermal equilibrium. The temperature regime must be equalized; the main thing remains the speed with which this task will be carried out. If we consider thermal conductivity in relation to the house, then the longer the process of equalizing the air temperatures in the house and outside, the better. In simple words, thermal conductivity is an indicator by which you can understand how quickly the walls in a house cool down.

This criterion is presented in a numerical value and is characterized by the thermal conductivity coefficient. Thanks to it, you can find out how much thermal energy can pass through a unit of surface per unit of time. The higher the thermal conductivity value of the insulation, the faster it conducts thermal energy.

The lower the value of the thermal conductivity coefficient, the longer the material will be able to retain heat on winter days and coolness on summer days. But there are a number of other factors that also need to be taken into account when choosing an insulating material.

Expanded polystyrene

This heat insulator is one of the most popular. This is due to its low thermal conductivity, low cost and ease of installation. On store shelves, the material is presented in slabs, the thickness of which is 20-150 mm. Obtained by foaming polystyrene. The resulting cells are filled with air. Polystyrene foam is characterized by different densities, low heat conductivity and resistance to moisture.

In the photo - polystyrene foam

Since polystyrene foam is inexpensive, it is widely popular among many developers for insulating various houses and buildings. But polystyrene foam has its drawbacks. It is very fragile and ignites quickly, and when burned, releases harmful toxins into the environment. For this reason, it is better to use polystyrene foam for insulating non-residential buildings and non-load-bearing structures.

Extruded polystyrene foam

This material is not afraid of moisture and rotting. It is durable and easy to install. Easily amenable to mechanical processing. It has low level water absorption, therefore, at high humidity, extruded polystyrene foam retains its properties. The insulation is a fireproof material, it has a long service life and is easy to install.

In the photo - extruded polystyrene foam

The presented characteristics and low heat conductivity allow us to call extruded polystyrene foam the best insulation for strip foundations and blind area. When installing a sheet with a thickness of 50 mm, you can replace a foam block with a thickness of 60 mm in terms of heat conductivity. At the same time, the insulation does not allow water to pass through, so there is no need to worry about auxiliary waterproofing.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool is an insulation material that can be classified as natural and environmentally friendly. Mineral wool has a low thermal conductivity coefficient and is completely unaffected by fire. Insulation is produced in the form of plates and rolls, each of which has its own rigidity indicators.

In the photo - mineral wool

If you need to isolate a horizontal surface, then it is worth using dense mats, and for vertical surfaces - rigid and semi-rigid slabs. As for the disadvantages, mineral wool has low resistance to moisture, so when installing it, you need to take care of moisture and vapor barrier. You should not use mineral wool for arranging a basement, cellar, or steam room in a bathhouse. Although if you lay out the waterproofing layer correctly, the mineral wool will serve for a long time and with high quality. But what is the thermal conductivity of mineral wool, the information from the article will help you understand.

Basalt wool

This insulation is produced by melting basalt rocks with the addition of auxiliary components. The result is a material with a fibrous structure and excellent water-repellent properties. The insulation is non-flammable and completely safe for health. In addition, basalt has excellent performance for high-quality insulation sound and heat. Can be used for insulation both outside and inside the house.

On the picture - basalt wool for insulation

When installing basalt wool, you must wear protective equipment. This includes gloves, a respirator and goggles. This will protect the mucous membranes from splinters of cotton wool. When choosing basalt wool today, the Rockwool brand is very popular.

During the operation of the material, you don’t have to worry that the slabs will compact or cake. And this indicates excellent properties of low thermal conductivity, which do not change over time.

This insulation is produced in the form of rolls, the thickness of which is 2-10 mm. The material is based on foamed polyethylene. On sale you can find a heat insulator, on one side of which there is foil to form a reflective background. The thickness of the material is several times smaller than the previously presented materials, but this does not affect the thermal conductivity at all. It is capable of reflecting up to 97% of heat. Foamed polyethylene boasts a long service life and environmental friendliness.

In the photo - Penofol insulation:

Izolon is completely light, thin and easy to install. Rolled heat insulation is used when arranging wet rooms, which can include a basement or balcony. In addition, the use of insulation will allow you to save the usable area of the room if you install it inside the house.

Table of thermal conductivity of materials and insulation, comparison

Table of thermal conductivity of materials and insulation. Comparison of insulation materials by thermal conductivity. Comparative table of thermal conductivity of materials.

Today we will engage in a comparative analysis of various thermal insulation materials. Let's compare insulation materials for strength, thermal conductivity, flammability, etc. Let's compare the prices of the material and the costs of its installation. We will try to present the information in such a way that it is easiest and most comfortable for you to choose the best option for yourself. Of course, there is absolutely no point in comparing insulation materials designed for completely different purposes. Therefore, we will break down our comparison by application: foundation insulation, wall insulation, roof insulation, etc.

1. Comparison of insulation for non-load-bearing structures: attic, pitched roof, frame walls, floor between joists

Summary table of characteristics of low-density insulation materials used in non-load-bearing structures:

Insulation:
Flammability:	G4 (burns, melts)	NG (non-flammable)	NG (non-flammable)	NG (non-flammable)	NG (non-flammable)	NG (non-flammable)	NG (non-flammable)	G4 (burns, melts)
Package volume:
Density:
Dimensions:
Service life not less than:
Thermal conductivity:
Price per m³:

The most important characteristic of insulation is thermal conductivity, i.e. its ability to transmit heat. The lower the thermal conductivity, the better the insulation. The thermal conductivity indicator is indicated for our climate zone ( middle lane Russia). As we can see from the table, mineral wool P-75 (P-60 or P-80) will insulate everyone worse. Thus, this insulation will need to be laid one and a half times more than, for example, Penoplex, whose thermal conductivity indicators are the best.

The density of the material for mineral insulation will affect their ability to withstand loads (in our case, their own weight), and therefore the possibility of use in vertical structures (walls). It is recommended to use mineral insulation in the walls with a density of at least 40 kg/m³, otherwise they may shrink, forming cold bridges. The following insulation materials are suitable for walls: , .

This rule does not apply to expanded polystyrene (including extruded polystyrene), which has sufficient strength at low density to be used in vertical structures. But these materials, unlike mineral ones, are flammable and non-breathable. Moreover, polystyrene foam emits harmful substances, sometimes with a noticeable odor.

And, of course, an important factor in choosing insulation is its price. In a store it is difficult to estimate the real cost of the material, because the price is indicated per package, and their volume is always different. Therefore, in our comparison we used the price per cubic meter. Note that prices may change over time, but their ratio to each other remains approximately the same. So, most expensive material Of those presented by a wide margin is extruded polystyrene foam, in second place is insulation made from basalt mineral wool. The cheapest material is polystyrene foam, but it is followed very closely by basalt insulation.

Mineral wool P-75 is made from slag metallurgical production, it is unpleasant to the touch and can crumble, forming a suspension that can have a negative impact on human health. Therefore, you only need to install it wearing protective clothing and a mask. It goes without saying that it is not advisable to have such insulation in a residential building if you want to be healthy. It will cost almost the same, which, although it has a slightly lower density, is much higher quality. Even more interesting option for a price of about 1,500 rubles per cubic meter - with the caveat of the fact that its density is even lower, which means it is recommended to use it only in horizontal and inclined unloaded structures.

Conclusion: for vertical frame walls the best choice would be , and for inclined and horizontal structures (pitched roofing, floors) the best choice would be .

2. Comparison of insulation for external walls under plaster

Material:
Flammability:	G4 (burns, melts)	G4 (burns, melts)	G4 (burns, melts)	G4 (burns, melts)	NG (non-flammable)	NG (non-flammable)	NG (non-flammable)	NG (non-flammable)
Package volume:
Density:
Ultimate peel strength of layers:
Compressive strength:

Service life not less than:
Thermal conductivity:
Price per m³:

3. Comparison of insulation materials for flammability

We bring to your attention a video with tests of common insulation materials for flammability.

Plaster, in this case, is used to create the last layer, which largely determines the design of the premises. These mixtures are called decorative plaster. For wooden surfaces, it is recommended to use compounds that have high adhesion. We are talking about plaster mixtures on polymer based. A layer of such plaster “breathes” and prevents the formation of fungi and mold. The plaster layer helps to significantly reduce sound transmission and retain heat. It is environmentally friendly and absolutely safe. A wall covered with plaster looks absolutely uniform. Joints between slabs and other defects are hidden. This coating will last more than twenty-five years.

Plaster mixtures are sold ready-made or dry. Dry varieties should be diluted with water or another reagent before application, in accordance with the instructions

It is very important to make sure that the OSB boards are rigidly fixed and not subject to movement. Only after this can you start working

Otherwise, the plaster may crack and begin to peel off in places.

Decorative plaster OSB indoors. Types, characteristics.

Decorative plaster can be classified according to two parameters: the composition of the filler and the type of binding components. Based on the type of filler, one can distinguish Venetian, structural, textured and flock.

Venetian plaster when applied, it can form a smooth surface. It contains an admixture of the smallest marble chips. This gives the surface a mirror shine.

Structural mixture has small impurities of quartz and other components. The surface becomes rough. Its main difference is that when applied to the wall, multi-colored spots appear on it.

Textured plaster may have different kind and include admixtures of any suitable material. These can be small pebbles, pieces of mica, silk fibers or other fabric. Wall panels coated with this mixture have a pronounced texture, which is determined by the filler.

The most difficult thing to work with seems to be flock mixture. But it is very advantageous in design. The fact is that it consists of three layers - the main one, a layer with flocks and varnish coating. Pieces of dried acrylic paint are used as flocks.

Types of decorative plaster for OSB indoors by composition

Based on the presence of different binding components in the mixture, textured plaster can be divided into the following types:

mineral
acrylic
silicone
silicate

IN mineral plaster Cement acts as a binder. It is not very suitable for OSB, since it is afraid of impact when hardening. Although the finished layer becomes stronger over time, it lacks a certain plasticity. An accidental impact may cause a piece of the coating to come off the wall.

Acrylic plaster made on the basis acrylic resin. Compared to the previous mixture, it has lower strength and service life. Has many color options. You can color the mixture yourself by adding a special colored paste. It is quite suitable for application to a prepared OSB surface.

Synthetic resins serve as a binding component for silicone decorative plaster. It is very flexible and can be easily applied to the wall. Silicone plaster is resistant to moisture, vapor permeable and has an antiseptic effect. There are many color varieties. This type of textured plaster fits perfectly into the solution of the task.

Silicate plaster stands out because liquid glass is used to create an astringent effect. The frozen surface has increased strength, moisture resistance, vapor permeability and antifungal properties. This plaster will last a long time, up to fifty years or more. This option can also be used for working with OSB.

Relief of textured plaster for OSB in the house

According to the shape of the surface relief, the most famous types of textured plaster are: “lamb”, “bark beetle” and “fur coat”.

"Lamb" It has a fine-grained structure due to the filler of small unprocessed pebbles.

Plastered surface "Lamb".

"Bark beetle" resembles a tree that has been attacked by bark beetles.

Plastered surface "Bark beetle"

"Fur coat" has a smoother surface compared to the first option, since the filler in this case is cement.

Plastered surface “Shuba”

Alternative to elastic plaster

The most widely used is oil-adhesive putty. Available in prepared or concentrated form. Derivative mixtures:

drying oil or oil paint is the binding component of the composition;
CMC glue forms a strong connection between the plaster and the OSB board;
chalk as a mineral filler;
driers to speed up the drying of drying oil;
plasticizers soften the composition, making it easier to apply and level the putty;
water is added in small quantities to prevent the mixture from drying out during storage.

Nitro putties are applied in a thin layer. Used to treat minor damage or for decorative purposes. They have a pungent odor. Work is carried out in well-ventilated areas. Solvents act as a base. Fillers: red lead, koalin, zinc white. Finishing of the surface is required: painting or wallpapering.

There is another way to apply plaster to the surface of an oriented strand board: thin sheets of polyurethane foam are glued to the surface and plastered with mixtures based on cement, lime or gypsum.

Application technology

After purchasing all necessary materials you can immediately start working. It is worth noting that pox putty is carried out in the same way, regardless of whether the surface is painted or wallpapered. Puttying OSB should be done in the following sequence:

Applying primer in 2 layers. Depending on the type of mixture, the drying period varies from 4 to 12 hours.
Puttying. Work must take place in a room with above-zero temperatures and permissible air humidity of 60%. For maximum effect putty mixtures are applied in 3 layers.
Grinding. After the putty has completely dried, the surface is sanded to remove possible defects and make it smooth. You also need to carefully remove any dust that has formed on the surface.
Reinforcement. Requires overlapping material.
Alignment. An adhesive solution is applied to the surface, after which the coating is leveled. Next, you can plaster or glue wallpaper.

Puttying process

If we talk about whether it is possible to putty OSB boards, we must take into account that for these purposes it is preferable to choose specialized compounds that do not contain water.

Puttying OSB walls makes them suitable for painting, as well as for pasting vinyl, non-woven or liquid wallpaper.

The article provides complete information on how to putty OSB boards, tips on choosing materials and application rules. This finishing is completely optional, but will help protect the base from moisture and allow you to create a beautiful, high-quality decorative coating.

Now you know how to putty OSB boards profitably and in a fairly short term. Compliance with the described recommendations will allow you to carry out high-quality putty on OSB boards, guaranteeing a long period of use and maintaining an excellent appearance.

OSB preparation and puttying technique (2 videos)

Necessary tools and putty work (36 photos)

When working with OSB boards, first of all you need to remember that more than 90% of these products consist of wood. That's why high quality finish OSB boards associated with the use of materials typical for working with solid wooden surfaces. The slabs lend themselves to almost any finishing: they can be glued, painted, puttyed, varnished and even, subject to certain rules, plastered. All processing methods have their own characteristics, so each one should be analyzed separately.

How to putty OSB

It is very good if the slabs have not yet been installed. Then you can prime their ends, which absorb moisture abundantly. Once the installation has already been completed, this will no longer be possible. During the preparation process, the slabs need to be sanded. This is the only way to achieve a noticeable increase in grip. In any case, it is advisable to coat all seams with sealant.

Advice! Want to save your time? Then it’s worth purchasing OSB already sanded. The difference in price is not that big, but they are more convenient for interior decoration of living rooms. This must be taken into account when wallpapering is planned.

To protect the OSB from moisture, as well as better adhesion, the boards must be well primed before puttying.

Now you can proceed directly to applying the putty.

A polymer primer is applied. There is no need to feel sorry for it, it forms on the surface protective film, which does not allow resins to escape. It is important to dry the surface thoroughly; this can take three to five hours.
After which a thin layer of putty is applied. You can use a large spatula for this. All excess must be removed and the surface leveled. For greater effect, puttying is done in different directions. The first layer is horizontal, the second is vertical. The temperature in the room should be extremely positive.
You need to wait until everything dries well. Sanding can begin. To do this, use sandpaper. All existing defects must be eliminated. This is important if no further processing is planned before applying the decorative coating. All dust must be wiped off.
For greater effect, you can use a painting canvas. But this is not always justified. But if possible, it will be useful. Then gluing wallpaper onto an OSB board will be even easier.

When all stages have been completed, you can begin decorative coating. You need to decide for yourself which method to give preference to; it could be wallpapering, painting or something else.

OSB boards are a material that has solved a large number of problems. Having many advantages, it appealed to both professional builders and simple home craftsmen. This material, with all its advantages, requires additional processing. To putty it, it is better to use specialized compounds. They should not include water. Strict adherence to all application rules will create a smooth surface that will not cause concern. And then you can successfully stick wallpaper.

Positive and negative sides of OSB boards

The advantages of OSB boards are an undeniable advantage of this material, and include:

strength/reliability. OSB boards are distinguished by their strength due to their manufacturing technology. Namely, the clear direction of the chips in one direction increases the reliability of the product several times;
moisture resistance. Thanks to the processing of the boards, OSB perfectly resists moisture, does not rot or swell when exposed to water;
ease of processing. Installation of OSB boards is not complicated and can be easily carried out by one untrained person;
resistance to natural influences. OSB boards are not afraid of insects or fungi, thanks to the impregnation of the material with natural oils. The slabs are also resistant to mice trying to gnaw their way through OSB walls;
fire resistance. OSB boards are not susceptible to fire, so fires are not dangerous for such walls.

Of course, even such a functional material is not without its drawbacks. There is only one problem - the difficulty in treating the surface of the slabs with paints. But in subsequent paragraphs of the article you will see that this problem can be solved simply and elegantly.

Slab painting

A material such as OSB can be painted with water-based or oil-based compositions applied with a brush, spray or roller.

The question often arises: is it possible to paint a slab? OSB compositions water based? It is possible, but this will increase the shape of the sheet slightly (swelling is possible), so it is highly advisable to use OSB 3. If you paint only on one side, this may lead to a slight bending of the panel. That's why water-based paints It is worth treating the slab when appearance is not important. In opposite situations, it is necessary to use oil compounds. What are the features?

1. Any paint tends to spread on sharp corners. Therefore, before painting, they must be rounded by light sanding (with a radius of at least 3 mm)

This is especially important for OSB used for exterior finishing.

Before painting OSB, the perimeter is first painted

When treating slabs located outside, it is necessary to use paints intended for outdoor use. In this case, you should follow the manufacturer's recommendations for painting wooden surfaces.

2. Edges. Their surface is more porous than the plane of the slab. The result is greater absorption, i.e. moisture absorption

Therefore, special attention should be paid to sealing edges. Moreover, this operation must be carried out before priming and applying the main coating.

Painted OSB floor

3. Padding. If you decide to treat the slabs with an antiseptic or fire-retardant impregnation, then you should carefully read the instructions - some of these chemicals may contain a high alkali content, which will require the use of a special primer.

4. Layers of paint. The opinion that the thicker the layer, the better it will protect the surface, is not entirely true. It is better to apply several thin coats rather than one thick one. In this case, each layer must be thoroughly dried.

the edges must be processed before the assembly of the structure begins (rounded and sealed);
If water-based sealing compounds are used, then due to swelling in the future, mandatory grinding will be required. Therefore, it is better to use solvent-based formulations (for initial processing);
when using transparent dyes, it is necessary to use those that prevent the penetration of ultraviolet rays (i.e., inhibitors must be present in the composition of such materials);
slabs must be fastened in such a way that there are no potential areas for moisture accumulation;
It is necessary to cover both sides with dye equally;
A 45 degree end connection is not recommended (due to the formation of sharp edges). If the finishing requires that the edges will be visible after completion of the work, then they must be filled with cellulose (wood) filler, then sanded and primed.

What is so remarkable about OSB boards?

The abbreviated name OSB is actually the Russian sound of the English abbreviation OSB, which stands for oriented strand board. Translated into Russian, this expression means “oriented strand board” (OSB). This means that the most correct name for the material, characterizing its functional features, is OSB, but builders often call it OSB.

The slabs are formed from many layers wood shavings, compressed using high pressure and high temperature. Between the layers there is an adhesive, which is made up of synthetic resins. These OSB components are supplemented with boric acid and synthetic wax, which are also included in its composition.

Chips in product layers in different directions. For example, longitudinal laying is used in one layer, and transverse laying in the next. This order makes the slab more resistant to various mechanical influences.

At first glance, the slabs look aesthetically attractive, but such a surface is not practical. Therefore, it needs additional improvement with putty. The main thing is that the surface of the slab is leveled by puttying, which makes it possible to glue the prepared layer of wallpaper or cover it with paints and varnishes. The second positive result of puttying is the extension of the service life of the ceiling and walls.

Like any wood product (the content of wood chips in OSB is 80-90%), the board has the ability to absorb moisture. This property leads many to doubt the advisability of puttying OSB. Still, paint and wallpaper glue can subsequently cause swelling and deformation of the base. This problem can be solved by refusing to use water-based formulations. The absence of water will eliminate the threat of swelling of the canvas.

Important! The degree of moisture resistance of OSB depends on its brand. The most stable in this regard is OSP-3

This stove is intended for installation in rooms with high humidity.

Along with what was said earlier, it is worth noting that many people prefer the look of natural wood structure and wonder whether it is possible to leave the surface of particle boards unchanged. Yes, this is quite possible, but this design is more suitable for country house or utility room. In this case, it would be appropriate to varnish the panels.

2 What should the primer be?

There are no specially developed compositions for OSB. Conventional solutions are used, subject to certain requirements. Immediately exclude preparations containing water. After application, it is absorbed into the material, which begins to swell. Use only a primer intended for wooden surfaces. These are compositions with an acrylic, glyphthalic or gypsum base. They take into account the fact that putty will be applied, so alkyd products are not used - they are good for painting.

Primer for OSB boards– universal, deep penetration. Acrylic is the most suitable of them, used for painting and puttying. For an unheated room, additives are added to prevent the development of fungus. Some formulations, for example EuroPrimer, already contain such additives. Sold in concentrated form, diluted according to instructions before use.

The slabs contain resins and other substances that sometimes bleed through the finish and spoil the work done. To eliminate such a nuisance, quite complex technology is used. First, an insulating paint is applied (example: Aqua-Deck E.L.F.), then a dispersion putty containing synthetic resin. Allow to dry for 12 hours and stick on special material for bonding cracks in putty: Variovlies A 50 Basic. After such preparation, no stains will appear.

In some cases, an adhesive primer is used - Concrete Contact. It differs from other compositions in the content of quartz sand, which makes the surface not smooth, but with slight irregularities. Used when finishing is planned decorative plaster or tiles. Thanks to the unusual filler, adhesion is significantly improved. When applied with a poppy brush or long-haired roller, other tools do not ensure uniform distribution of the composition over the slab.

It is recommended to mix all soils before use, but in the case of Concrete Contact this is a very important operation. Quartz sand settles quickly; if the process is not carried out very carefully, the mixture will turn out to be heterogeneous. Moreover, when working, this procedure is repeated every 10 minutes; only under such conditions will the coating be of high quality.

acrylic-based varnish for wooden surfaces, which is diluted with solvent in a ratio of 1:10;
latex - after drying, a thin film is formed that prevents the penetration of resins;
alkyd varnish diluted to a more liquid state with white spirit.

In addition to choosing the right primer, it is important to apply it according to the technology:

1. The plates are cleaned. Dried dirt is wiped off with a damp cloth, the rest is removed with a vacuum cleaner or broom.
2. Seal the joints. It is possible to use acrylic sealant or polyurethane foam. The excess is removed with a knife, and the sealant is treated with sandpaper.
3. The prepared composition is applied to OSB. Usually they start with the joints, process them with special care, then move on to the rest of the surface.

The quality of priming depends on the patience of the master. Do not immediately apply a thick layer, it will not have any effect. It is recommended to repeat the operation three times, carefully distributing the drug over the surface. Let it dry thoroughly each time. How long it takes depends on the air temperature and the properties of the composition and thickness of the layer. You'll have to be patient and do something else, but the quality will be excellent.

Before puttying, the surface is first sanded and then primed. To carry out the work, material is selected based on a number of requirements, namely:

Choice of primer. It is necessary to prime with special mixtures intended for wood processing. As a rule, these are compositions based on drying oil or glyphthalic varnish that do not contain water. The end parts of the OSB are first treated with primer mixtures even before the sheets are installed, since this is very problematic to do afterwards. The primer will help prevent stains from resins and other substances contained in the material.

Choice of putty. You should opt for compounds intended for finishing wooden bases. The walls should be plastered in several layers, horizontally and vertically, which will provide a more even surface. It is also worth remembering that in order to avoid cracks after drying, it is recommended to reinforce the surface with elastic materials, for example, non-woven fabric.

Advice! It is preferable to buy already polished slabs, the price of which is not much higher, but the finishing work will be much faster.

Plaster on OSB sheets, to be or not to be

When building a house, you often have to think about saving money or mothballing construction for a certain period. One of these ways to save money or take a break to accumulate funds can be plastering the facades of a frame house.

Finishing the facades of wooden houses with plaster became widespread in our country after the fire of 1812, and was often used until the beginning of the 20th century. Then this method of finishing facades was practically forgotten. But in the USA it was used until the 70s of the last century, until plastic siding appeared on the construction market.

Today there are two ways to apply plaster mixture to the facade of a house. The first, most common, is external walls the houses are covered with sheets of polystyrene foam and a plaster mixture is applied to them. At the same time, the thermal insulation and energy-saving characteristics of the house are improved.

The second method is plastering directly on sheets outer skin Houses. Unfortunately, if you are not a fan of the fakferkh style (when simulating fakferkh, the seams are covered with flashings), then this method of finishing can be considered solely as temporary. As practice shows, within 5-7 years, even if everything is done efficiently and correctly, cracks will appear at the joints of the external cladding sheets, which will spoil the appearance of the facades. But plastering on OSB sheets for external cladding is an excellent way to take a “break” and save up money for finishing facing bricks, fiber cement siding, thermal panels with clinker finishing or other high-cost materials.

So, how to apply the plaster mixture directly on OSB sheets external cladding of the house? Already on initial stage you should try to reduce the joints of the sheets to a minimum - one way is to use OSB sheets, format 1250 x 2800, for external cladding. It is also advisable to cut window and door openings in whole OSB sheets, rather than using leftover material around them.

Step 1. We go through all the joints of the OSB sheets with frost-resistant sealant, apply self-adhesive “serpyanka” over the seams, and putty.

Step 2. We prime all the walls

It is important that the primer allows the walls to “breathe” and does not isolate water vapor inside the house, for example, for this you can use the Knauf-Tiefengrunt primer or similar.

Step 3. We apply a thin first layer to the pre-primed sheets of the outer skin, spread a fiberglass mesh on top, recess it a little into the first layer (in addition, the mesh can be “shot” with a construction stapler). Then we apply a second layer of plaster mixture.

Step 4. Painting the facades in the chosen color. The paint used for facades should also not isolate water vapor in the wall.

Plaster on OSB sheets, to be or not to be? When building a house, you often have to think about saving money, or mothballing construction for a certain period. One of these ways to save money or take a break to accumulate funds can be plastering the facades of a frame house.

Source:

Polymer compositions for plastering

The most in a fast way Applying plaster to the surface of OSB boards will use polymer compounds based on acrylic or latex synthetic resin. They are available in the form of ready-made solutions. After opening the container, everything must be used very quickly. Because the plaster sets quickly and it is impossible to dilute or restore the original consistency.

Now let’s figure out how to plaster an OSB board in this way.

Grinding. To do this, choose coarse-grain sandpaper. At the same time, all elements that protrude beyond the surface of the slab and do not connect well with it are removed.
Primer. After sanding, the slab is cleaned of dust and covered with deep penetration primer intended for wooden surfaces. This will not only protect the wood from moisture, but will also increase adhesion, which means the plaster solution will be easier to apply.
If there are any unevenness on the OSB board or there are gaps at the joints, then after the soil has dried they are treated with acrylic sealant. The composition is sent into the uneven area and carefully leveled with a spatula. This process will allow you to use less polymer plaster.
Plastering. After the sealing layer has dried, begin applying the finished composition. The solution is applied to the wall and leveled to obtain a layer 5 mm thick. You need to work quickly.

The polymer layer of plaster does not require painting, but if desired, the owner can change the color of the finish at any time. This method of decorating OSB boards is expensive, but its service life of over 25 years makes it possible to eliminate this disadvantage.

The compositions that are used for plastering slabs harden very quickly, so if the owner does not have experience in this area, then it is better to use the work of a professional team.

Is it possible to paint and how to paint OSB boards

The type of paint is selected based on the operating conditions of the material: indoors or outdoors, degree of load (floor, walls), exposure to moisture, sun, sub-zero temperatures. The following paints are used for painting unplastered and unputtyed surfaces:

Oil paints Coloray, Syntilor and others. They have good viscosity and adhesion to wood, are suitable for painting OSB both inside and outside the house, updating the painted surface will be required after 2-3 years;
Alkyd enamels Tikkurila, Farbex And Enamel. Used for painting outside and inside buildings, they are absorbed into the surface, creating stronger adhesion to wood;

How to paint OSB. Photo

Advice. To reduce material costs, use factory-polished boards. Their cost is slightly higher than unpolished products, but the finishing work will take less Supplies, time and effort.

Since wood tends to absorb moisture and swell, the question arises whether it is possible to paint the OSB board with paints on water based. If the slab has already been treated with varnish, drying oil or primer, then it can be painted with water-based acrylic, silicone or silicate paint. If the slab does not have a waterproof coating, you should apply it yourself, and paint the OSB only after the primer has dried. This type of paint is used for interior work and has the main advantage - they do not emit harmful fumes and can be used in residential areas, including children's rooms.

Another water-based paint used on wood is AQUACOUT. It dries quickly, forms an abrasion-resistant coating, and has no pungent odor. Inside the room, painted walls and ceilings are updated based on aesthetic criteria, but can last up to 15 years without repair. The floor is painted depending on mechanical loads, but the coating should not be completely abraded to prevent damage to the surface of the wood board.

There are three ways to paint an OSB board after leveling it with putty: with a brush, roller or spray gun. If the surface is being painted for the first time, the paint is applied first with a brush, and after drying with a roller or spray. This method allows you to get a perfectly flat surface without streaks or drips.

Execution Sequence

How to putty OSB walls? It is recommended to do some procedures before installing the slabs. In particular, prime the ends of the slabs, since they absorb moisture most strongly. This will not be possible after installation.

Another preparatory stage– sanding the surface with sandpaper or wire brush. It will also increase the adhesion between the sheet and the covering material. If you don’t want to waste time and effort on this, it is better to purchase slabs that have already been polished in the factory. It will cost a little more. When everything is ready, you can start working. By this time, all seams should be sealed with sealant and leveled.

Application of a polymer primer designed to create a protective film on the surface. It will prevent the appearance of stains caused by resins and other substances contained in OSB. This layer must be dried for at least 4 hours, depending on the type of primer.
Puttying. It is carried out in 2 stages - a small amount of putty is applied to the wall with a steel spatula, and the excess is removed with the next movement. The layer turns out to be quite thin and even. It is advisable to perform puttying in 2 layers - one in the vertical direction, the second in the horizontal direction. This will make the surface more even. This should be done in a room with a humidity of no more than 60% and only at positive air temperatures.
After complete drying, proceed to leveling the surface with sandpaper. At this stage, it is necessary to eliminate all existing defects. Before you start next stage, the walls must be thoroughly cleaned of accumulated dust.
Reinforcement with non-woven fabric or any other material intended for this purpose roll material. The sheets are glued overlapping, and then a double cut is made at the thickening point and the excess is removed. This layer will protect against the formation of cracks that appear when the building shrinks.

After this, you can begin decorative finishing, be it painting, wallpapering or plastering.

To ensure that there are no problems when preparing the wall and that it does not swell from moisture, it is necessary to select the correct mixture. We have already found out how to putty OSB - with plastic compounds based on polymers, oils, glue, resins or latex. Clear and phased implementation All recommendations will allow you to create a perfectly flat and smooth surface that will last for many years.

3 Requirements for putty and its choice

1. Acrylic. Levels any surfaces, including OSB.
2. Nitro putty. A quick-drying composition containing cellulose, resin, plasticizers, fillers. Before use, dilute with solvents recommended by the manufacturer.
3. Oil-adhesive – containing varnishes, glue, additives, oil and plasticizers. Dissolve with drying oil.
4. Gypsum with polymers. Considered the best for working with wooden surfaces.
5. Dispersed with synthetic resin. Highly elastic, used for finishing plaster.

The listed types of putties must have certain properties

Before purchasing, it is recommended that you read the instructions on the packaging and pay attention to the characteristics. Among these, a very high degree of adhesion is of particular importance, because not every composition will adhere to the resinous surface

When preparing for use, it is important to achieve a uniform consistency. Coating requirements include durability and sandability

If it is necessary to putty, do not large areas, then the costs of the compounds are not particularly sensitive. When finishing the entire house built using frame technology, it hits the budget. There is a recipe for making the composition yourself, which is used by some craftsmen. It consists of inexpensive components:

oils: 2.8 kg of linseed and 0.6 kg of turpentine;
0.3 kg ground pumice;
0.2 kg of gelatin and the same amount of casein;
170 ml of ammonia solution;
3 liters of water. Pumice is ground into dust, the mass is poured into linseed oil and stirred until smooth. Pour in turpentine oil and stir again. When the mixture has steeped for 10 minutes, add everything else. Heat in a water bath, stir, infuse, repeat again until homogeneity is achieved.

Making your own putty

The cost of factory-produced putty compounds is not too high. However, if large areas need to be treated, including walls, floors, ceilings, then the total cost of leveling may not be so small. Therefore, some craftsmen decide to make their own wood putties.

To create a putty composition you will need the following components:

linseed oil - 280 g;
turpentine oil - 60 g;
ground pumice - 30 g;
gelatin - 20 g;
casein - 20 g;
ammonia solution (18%) - 17 g;
water - 300 g.

First, grind the pumice stone to dust. Then pour the resulting mass into a container with linseed oil and stir until you get a homogeneous consistency. Next, pour turpentine oil into the same bowl and stir the mixture well again.

Let the stirred mass sit for several minutes, after which we add the remaining components from the list. The solution is prepared in a water bath, then stirred and infused again. After the last settling, the mixture is ready for use.

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Polymer-based pox board plaster

With the advent of polymer-based plastering compositions with high adhesion to wood, the problem of how to plaster OSB on the outside has lost its relevance. The elastic mixture effortlessly lays a thin layer on the base of the slab, tightening minor irregularities. A kind of rubber shell is formed, resistant to mechanical and atmospheric influences.

Suitable for interior and exterior decoration. Tinted with acrylic dyes. Technical requirements are standardized:

withstands 10% linear tension (compression) per square meter of coating;
water permeability 1 sq.m. no more than 8 grams per hour;
operating temperature range from -50°C to +60°C;
150 freezing cycles without loss of quality;
preservation of properties for at least 25 years;
24 hours for the applied composition to dry;
consumption 2 - 2.5 kg of mixture per 1 sq.m.

Plastering on OSB with elastic putty is performed in the following sequence:

The plate is cleaned with coarse sandpaper. This removes protruding wood fibers that have a weak connection with the base;
to increase adhesion, the cleaned surface is primed with an appropriate agent;
After the primer has dried, fill the uneven areas with acrylic sealant and smooth it out with soap solution with a spatula. This will protect the instrument from sticking of the composition;
The composition is applied to the prepared surface and leveled to obtain a layer up to 5 mm thick. The maximum thickness of plaster on the OSB board is applied to the façade, insulating the room from cold and moisture leaks. For decorative finishing of interior walls, 1.5 - 2 mm is sufficient.

Plastering facades made of OSB is especially practical using decorative polymer compounds:

bright colors will decorate any facade;
coloring the entire thickness of the layer will hide surface damage;
the building will receive additional external protection.

The high cost of composite structures forces the developer to look for alternative options. Plastering OSB boards on the outside is possible using oil-adhesive mixtures and nitro putties.

Work order

The surface is prepared for painting or wallpapering; the humidity in the room should not exceed 60%, and the air temperature should not be lower than +200C. Putty work should begin after the primer has completely dried on the surface of the slab.

If heavy wallpaper is to be hung, then reinforcement is mandatory. For this purpose, fiberglass or nylon reinforcement mesh is used. Fixing the reinforcing material is possible directly onto the putty, and if you decide to use glass fiber, you can glue it using wallpaper glue designed for fixing non-woven wallpaper.

Fixation of reinforcing sheets is carried out strictly joint to joint.

After applying the first layer of putty, the surface of the slab becomes absolutely smooth, but preparation for painting requires the creation of a second (finishing) layer.

The reinforcing mesh or fiberglass sheets are glued overlapping, then a cut is made and the excess material is removed. Thus, a high-quality butt joint is obtained. If you used it for fixation adhesive composition, then further work begins after it dries.

A layer of adhesive-based putty is applied to the reinforced surface. The thickness of the layer should not exceed 0.2 cm. In rare cases, puttying is permissible to create a layer 0.5 cm thick.

After the first layer of putty has dried (after 3-4 hours), you can use a regular spatula to knock off the scars and sagging remaining on the surface and begin applying the second finishing layer. Its thickness does not exceed 0.2 cm.

An important condition for high-quality work is to process the surface of one wall without stopping. This will avoid the appearance of a sharp boundary between the layers and facilitate the final processing of the created surface. 10-12 hours after completion of the work, you can begin sanding. For this you will need sandpaper or a mesh coated with fine abrasive components.

More details about the process in the video:

Carrying out work on puttying OSB boards is not particularly difficult. The quality of the created surface depends not only on the qualifications of the master, but also on the correctly selected putty

When purchasing the required composition, you should take into account all the requirements and recommendations of qualified craftsmen.

In the photo - Penofol insulation

But what is the thermal conductivity of ceramic bricks and where such building material is used, the information from the article will help you understand.

It will also be interesting to learn about the characteristics and thermal conductivity of aerated concrete.

It will also be interesting to know what the thermal conductivity of expanded clay is.

What is the thermal conductivity of the substrate under the laminate and how to make calculations correctly is described in this

Table 1 - Thermal conductivity indicators of popular materials

Thermal conductivity is one of the main criteria when choosing a thermal insulation material. If you install insulation with a low thermal conductivity coefficient, this will allow you to retain heat in the house for longer, thereby creating comfortable living conditions.

Types of insulation

All insulation materials can be classified according to several indicators. Based on their external characteristics, they can be divided into loose, block, slab and sheet, roll and foam. According to the installation method - bulk, glued and monolithic installation. By production method - inorganic (natural origin) and organic (polymers).

Bulk

Bulk insulation is, as a rule, expanded natural materials(expanded clay, perlite, vermiculite) or blast furnace waste (slag).

Block

Block materials such as expanded clay, gas silicate, foam blocks, foam glass blocks are also used as thermal insulation.

Slab

Slab insulation can be either organic (foam plastic, extruded polystyrene foam) or inorganic origin (based on mineral wool, glass, stone or basalt wool, as well as flax). Fiberboard, OSB, and soapstone slabs are used as sheet insulation.

penopolistirolnye-utepliteli

Rolled

Rolled insulation materials are mainly made from cotton wool of various origins (inorganic) or organic (polyurethane foam mats, foamed foil materials).

Foamy

Foam insulation is sprayed using special equipment onto the prepared base. Today, eco (viscose), polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam are offered from this group.

By installation method - bulk insulation from loose sand or gravel, glued - slab, roll or sheet materials, monolithic - “warm” concrete (expanded clay concrete, foam concrete, aerated concrete, polystyrene concrete) and foam insulation.

Comparison of key indicators

To understand how effective this or that insulation will be, it is necessary to compare the main indicators of the materials. This can be done by looking at Table 1.

Material	Density kg/m3	Thermal conductivity	Hygroscopicity	Minimum layer, cm
Expanded polystyrene	30-40	Very low	Average	10
Plastiform	50-60	Low	Very low	2
Penofol	60-70	Low	Average	5
Styrofoam	35-50	Very low	Average	10
Penoplex	25-32	low	low	20
Mineral wool	35-125	Low	High	10-15
Basalt fiber	130	Low	high	15
	500	High	Low	20
Cellular concrete	400-800	High	High	20-40
Foam glass	100-600	Low	low	10-15

Table 1 Comparison of thermal insulation properties of materials

However, many people prefer plastiform, mineral wool or cellular concrete. This is due to individual preferences, installation features and some physical properties.

Table of thermal conductivity of materials

Material	Thermal conductivity of materials, W/m*⸰С	Density, kg/m³
Polyurethane foam	0,020	30
0,029	40
0,035	60
0,041	80
Expanded polystyrene	0,037	10-11
0,035	15-16
0,037	16-17
0,033	25-27
0,041	35-37
Expanded polystyrene (extruded)	0,028-0,034	28-45
Basalt wool	0,039	30-35
0,036	34-38
0,035	38-45
0,035	40-50
0,036	80-90
0,038	145
0,038	120-190
Ecowool	0,032	35
0,038	50
0,04	65
0,041	70
Izolon	0,031	33
0,033	50
0,036	66
0,039	100
Penofol	0,037-0,051	45
0,038-0,052	54
0,038-0,052	74

Environmental friendliness.

This factor is significant, especially in the case of insulating a residential building, since many materials emit formaldehyde, which affects the growth of cancerous tumors. Therefore, it is necessary to make a choice towards non-toxic and biologically neutral materials. From an environmental point of view, stone wool is considered the best thermal insulation material.

Fire safety.

The material must be non-flammable and safe. Any material can burn, the difference is at what temperature it ignites. It is important that the insulation is self-extinguishing.

Steam and waterproof.

Those materials that are waterproof have an advantage, since the absorption of moisture leads to the fact that the effectiveness of the material becomes low and useful characteristics insulation after a year of use is reduced by 50% or more.

Durability.

On average, the service life of insulating materials ranges from 5 to 10-15 years. Thermal insulation materials containing cotton wool significantly reduce their effectiveness in the first years of service. But polyurethane foam has a service life of over 50 years.

terms of Use

Determining operating conditions will help obtain an objective value of thermal conductivity (parameters " A" And " B"). To do this you need to go 3 simple stages.

Stage 1. We'll find humidity conditions premises based on the table:

Stage 2. Let's determine the humidity zone depending on the region. The characteristics are indicated by numbers from 1 to 3. They can be seen in the subtitle picture.

Stage 3. Let's correlate the parameters obtained in the first two stages and get the required letter of operating conditions:

Example: let the humidity in our room at room temperature from +12 to +24 °C not rise above 50%, then the mode is dry. The house is located in Tver - humidity zone 2 (normal). Then the operating conditions are obtained with the designation “A”

We will pay attention to them.

What to choose

Every year new building materials appear at various exhibitions. With their help, you can significantly reduce energy costs during the cold season. But which one will it be? optimal solution in all respects. Expert opinions differ in many respects.

The selection of material is based on properties, cost and ease of installation. Manufacturers apply certain markings to products, which greatly simplifies the choice. For example, foam plastic for walls, floors or roofs has different properties and has special marks.

Many people prefer mineral wool in dry rooms, polystyrene foam in rooms with high humidity, and sprayed insulation for hard-to-reach places.

Which insulation is better: ecowool, stone wool or polystyrene foam, see the following video:

Advantages and disadvantages of various thermal insulations

When choosing thermal insulation, you need to take into account not only its physical properties, but also parameters such as ease of installation, the need for additional maintenance, durability and cost.

Comparison of the most modern options

As practice shows, the easiest way to install polyurethane foam and penoizol, which are applied to the surface to be treated in the form of foam. These materials are plastic; they easily fill cavities inside the walls of a building. The disadvantage of foaming substances is the need to use special equipment to spray them.

As the table above shows, extruded polystyrene foam is a worthy competitor to polyurethane foam. This material is supplied in the form of solid blocks, but with the help of a regular carpenter's knife it can be cut into any shape. Comparing the characteristics of foam and solid polymers, it is worth noting that foam does not form seams, and this is its main advantage compared to blocks.

Comparison of cotton materials

Mineral wool is similar in properties to foam plastics and expanded polystyrene, but it “breathes” and does not burn. It also has better resistance to moisture and practically does not change its qualities during operation. If you have a choice between solid polymers and mineral wool, it is better to give preference to the latter.

Stone wool has the same comparative characteristics as mineral wool, but the cost is higher. Ecowool has a reasonable price and is easy to install, but it has low compressive strength and sags over time. Fiberglass also sags and, in addition, crumbles.

Bulk and organic materials

Bulk materials such as perlite and paper granules are sometimes used to insulate a house. They repel water and are resistant to pathogenic factors. Perlite is environmentally friendly, it does not burn and does not settle. However, bulk materials are rarely used to insulate walls; it is better to use them to equip floors and ceilings.

Among organic materials, it is necessary to highlight flax, wood fiber and cork. They are safe for the environment, but are susceptible to burning if not impregnated with special substances. In addition, wood fiber is susceptible to biological factors.

In general, if we take into account the cost, practicality, thermal conductivity and durability of insulation, the best materials for finishing walls and ceilings are polyurethane foam, penoizol and mineral wool. Other types of insulation have specific properties, since they are designed for non-standard situations, and the use of such insulation is recommended only if there are no other options.

Features of application

Before deciding on materials for finishing a private house or apartment, it is necessary to correctly calculate the thickness of the layer of a particular insulation.

For horizontal surfaces (floor, ceiling) you can use almost any material. The use of an additional layer with high mechanical strength is mandatory.
It is recommended to insulate basement floors with building materials with low hygroscopicity. High humidity must be taken into account. Otherwise, the insulation will partially or completely lose its properties under the influence of moisture.
For vertical surfaces (walls), it is necessary to use plate-sheet type materials. Bulk or rolled ones will sag over time, so you need to carefully consider the method of fastening.

What does heat conductivity depend on?

Thermal conductivity directly depends on the following factors:

Density. The closer the molecules of a substance are to each other, the faster the energy exchange occurs. This means that an increase in density leads to a decrease in thermal protection.
Structure. Porous materials contain capsules with air, which significantly inhibits the process of heat evaporation. Porous means warmer.
Humidity. The λ value of water at a temperature of +20°C is 23 times greater than that of air. Therefore, wet brick cools faster.

Based on the humidity level, we will calculate the operating conditions necessary to refine the search for thermal conductivity values in the table.

Choosing insulation for internal wall insulation

Insulation from the inside of the house is not as effective in terms of heat conservation; in addition, the living space is reduced. However, the walls of some houses and apartments cannot be insulated from the outside. For internal wall insulation, it is possible to use insulation materials such as mineral wool and expanded polystyrene. We described them above.

Of course, installation work for internal wall insulation will differ from façade insulation, but the characteristics of the materials used will remain the same. Not suitable for internal wall insulation mineral wool slabs, foam glass, as they are vapor-tight. Their use on the inside of the walls will negatively affect not only the comfort of staying in the room, but also the condition of the walls. In addition to foam wool and expanded polystyrene, the following are used for internal wall insulation:

wallpaper or plates of cork insulation. They are often wax-impregnated, which makes them moisture-resistant and allows them to be used, for example, in the bathroom;
wallpaper made of polystyrene foam;
heat-insulating polystyrene foam plaster;
polyethylene foam (polyfan) is a kind of wallpaper insulation, located directly under the wallpaper, having a paper or foil coating that reflects heat from heating radiators.

Thus, after making a comparison existing insulation materials for walls, we have established that each of them has both advantages and disadvantages. But most of these disadvantages can be minimized or completely eliminated with the right approach to the selection of insulation and installation work. Only you can make the right choice based on your needs and capabilities.

Comparison of vapor permeability of insulation materials

High vapor permeability = no condensation.

Characteristics of insulation in terms of vapor permeability, table:

Penoizol is also a kind of polymer that is made from resins. Its difference from polyurethane foam and polystyrene foam lies in the structure of the cells that open. In other words, it is a material with an open-cell structure. The ability of thermal insulation to transmit steam is closely related to the following characteristic - moisture absorption.

Today, gas autonomous heating of a country house is the cheapest option for heating a home.

On the contrary, autonomous heating of a private house with electricity is the most expensive. Details.

How to determine the thermal conductivity coefficients of building materials table

The table helps to determine the thermal conductivity coefficient of building materials. It contains all the meanings of the most common materials. Using such data, you can calculate the thickness of the walls and the insulation used. Table of thermal conductivity values:

Necessary coefficients for a wide variety of materials

To determine the value of thermal conductivity, special GOST standards are used. The value of this indicator differs depending on the type of concrete. If the material has a value of 1.75, then the porous composition has a value of 1.4. If the solution is made using crushed stone, then its value is 1.3.

Technical characteristics of insulation for concrete floors

The value of thermal conductivity can be judged by comparative characteristics

Losses through ceiling structures significant for those living on the top floors. Weak areas include the space between the ceilings and the wall. Such areas are considered cold bridges. If there is a technical floor above the apartment, then there is less loss of thermal energy.

When insulating the ceiling on a veranda or terrace, you can use lighter building materials

Insulation ceiling on the top floor it is done outside. The ceiling can also be insulated inside the apartment. For this purpose, polystyrene foam or thermal insulation boards are used.

When insulating the ceiling, it is worth choosing a material for vapor barrier and waterproofing

Before insulating any surfaces, it is worth finding out the thermal conductivity of building materials; the SNiP table will help with this. Insulating floor coverings is not as difficult as other surfaces. Materials such as expanded clay, glass wool or polystyrene foam are used as insulating materials.

Creating a heated floor requires special knowledge

It is important to consider the height and thickness of the materials.

In order to efficiently insulate an apartment on the top floors, you can fully use the possibilities central heating. At the same time, it is important to increase heat transfer from radiators. To do this, you should use the following tips:

if any part of the batteries is cold, then you need to bleed the air. This opens a special valve;
so that heat penetrates inside the house without heating the walls, it is recommended to install protective screen with foil coating;
For free circulation of heated air, radiators should not be cluttered with furniture or curtains;
If you remove the decorative screen, the heat transfer will increase by 25%.

Choosing high-quality radiators allows you to better save heat in the room

Heat loss through entrance doors can be up to 10%. In this case, a significant amount of heat is wasted on air masses that come from outside. To eliminate drafts, it is necessary to reinstall worn seals and cracks that may appear between the wall and the box. In this case, the door leaf can be upholstered and the cracks filled with polyurethane foam.

The choice of insulation depends on the material of the door itself

One of the main sources of heat loss is windows. If the frames are old, then drafts appear. About 35% of thermal energy is lost through window openings. For high-quality insulation Double-chamber double-glazed windows are used. Other methods include insulating cracks with polyurethane foam, pasting the joints with the frame with a special sealant and applying silicone sealant. Proper and comprehensive insulation is a guarantee of a comfortable and warm home, free from mold, drafts and cold floors.

Thermal conductivity indicators for finished buildings. Types of insulation

When creating a project, you need to consider all ways of heat leakage. It can come out through walls and roofs, as well as through floors and doors. If you carry out design calculations incorrectly, you will have to be content only with the thermal energy received from heating devices. Buildings built from standard raw materials: stone, brick or concrete need to be additionally insulated.

Installation of mineral wool

Additional thermal insulation is carried out in frame buildings. Wherein wooden frame imparts rigidity to the structure, and insulating material is laid in the space between the posts. In buildings made of brick and cinder blocks, insulation is done from the outside of the structure.

When choosing insulation materials, you need to pay attention to factors such as humidity levels, the influence of elevated temperatures and the type of structure. Consider certain parameters of insulating structures: .

the thermal conductivity indicator affects the quality of the heat-insulating process;
moisture absorption has great importance when insulating external elements;
thickness affects the reliability of insulation. Thin insulation helps preserve the usable area of the room;
Flammability is important. High-quality raw materials have the ability to self-extinguish;
thermal stability reflects the ability to withstand temperature changes;
environmental friendliness and safety;
Sound insulation protects against noise.

Characteristics different types insulation materials

The following types of insulation are used:

mineral wool is fire resistant and environmentally friendly. Important characteristics include low thermal conductivity;

This material is one of the most affordable and simplest options.

polystyrene foam is lightweight material with good insulation properties. It is easy to install and is moisture resistant. Recommended for use in non-residential buildings;
basalt wool, unlike mineral wool, has better resistance to moisture;
Penoplex is resistant to humidity, elevated temperatures and fire. It has excellent thermal conductivity, is easy to install and durable;

Penoplex is characterized by a porous structure

polyurethane foam is known for such qualities as non-flammability, good water-repellent properties and high fire resistance;
Extruded polystyrene foam undergoes additional processing during production. Has a uniform structure;

This option comes in different thicknesses

penofol is a multi-layer insulating layer. The composition contains foamed polyethylene. The surface of the plate is covered with foil to provide reflection.

Bulk types of raw materials can be used for thermal insulation. These are paper granules or perlite. They are resistant to moisture and fire. And among organic varieties, you can consider wood fiber, flax or cork. When choosing, pay special attention to such indicators as environmental friendliness and fire safety.

Note! When designing thermal insulation, it is important to consider the installation of a waterproofing layer. This will avoid high humidity and will increase resistance to heat transfer

What is thermal conductivity

The video shows types of insulation and their characteristics:

The lower the value of the thermal conductivity coefficient, the longer the material will be able to retain heat on winter days and coolness on summer days.

But there are a number of other factors that also need to be taken into account when choosing an insulating material.

What determines the coefficient

In order to systematize the knowledge obtained experimentally and computationally, scientists at one time decided to characterize the heat conductivity of various building materials through a certain concept, familiar to many specialists in the relevant field. We are talking about the so-called thermal conductivity coefficient of materials.

This indicator indicates exactly how much heat is capable of passing through a standard unit of material surface area in one time unit. In the case when the described parameter is high, heat transfer occurs much faster, and therefore a building built from building materials with such properties will cool down much faster than desired. Thus, we can conclude that in order to save money during the heating season, it is necessary to build houses from products whose coefficient is as low as possible.

Comparative graph of thermal conductivity coefficients of some building materials and insulation materials

Why is thermal insulation needed?

The relevance of thermal insulation is as follows:

Keeps you warm in winter and cool in summer.

Heat loss through the walls of a typical multi-storey residential building is 30-40%. To reduce heat loss, special thermal insulation materials are needed. The use of electric heaters in winter helps additional expense for electricity. It is more profitable to compensate for these costs by using high-quality thermal insulation material, which ensures heat retention in winter and coolness in the summer heat. At the same time, the cost of cooling the room with air conditioning will also be minimized.

Increasing the durability of building structures.

In the case of industrial buildings using a metal frame, insulation helps protect the metal surface from corrosion, which is the most detrimental defect for this type of structure. And the service life of a brick building is determined by the number of freeze/thaw cycles. The impact of these cycles is perceived by the insulation, because the dew point is located in the thermal insulation material, and not in the wall material.
Such insulation allows you to increase the service life of the building many times.

Noise insulation.

Protection against increasing noise levels is achieved by using such noise-absorbing materials (thick mattresses, sound-reflecting wall panels).

Increase usable area buildings.

The use of a thermal insulation system makes it possible to reduce the thickness of external walls, while increasing the internal area of the building.

Basalt wool

This insulation is produced by melting basalt rocks with the addition of auxiliary components. The result is a material with a fibrous structure and excellent water-repellent properties. The insulation is non-flammable and completely safe for health. In addition, basalt has excellent properties for high-quality sound and heat insulation. Can be used for insulation both outside and inside the house.

In the photo - basalt wool for insulation

Table indicators

The table below will help you avoid making mistakes in choosing a thermal insulation material. It indicates not only the thermal conductivity coefficient, but also the degree of vapor permeability, which plays an important role in the use of insulation in outdoor work.

See also: How to choose the right material for wall insulation?

You can learn about the additional properties of building insulation materials, which determine the reaction of materials to various physical influences, such as water absorption, thermal expansion, and heat capacity, from reference books on building materials.

The table shows that mineral (basalt) wool has the greatest vapor permeability. In addition, it has a fairly low thermal conductivity, which makes it possible to use thinner slabs for insulation.

Foam glass has the lowest heat saving coefficient, so it is better to use it when the question is how to insulate the foundation of a house from the outside.

If we compare mineral wool with polystyrene foam and other types of insulation listed in the table, then they have lower vapor permeability, having approximately the same thermal conductivity. Consequently, walls covered with these materials will “breathe” less.

How to choose the right insulation

When choosing insulation, you need to pay attention to: affordability, scope of application, expert opinion and specifications, which are the most important criterion. . Basic requirements for thermal insulation materials:

Basic requirements for thermal insulation materials:

Thermal conductivity.

Thermal conductivity refers to the ability of a material to transfer heat. This property is characterized by the thermal conductivity coefficient, on the basis of which it is taken required thickness insulation. Thermal insulation material with low thermal conductivity is the best choice.

Also, thermal conductivity is closely related to the concepts of density and thickness of insulation, so when choosing, you need to pay attention to these factors. The thermal conductivity of the same material can vary depending on density.

Density refers to the mass of one cubic meter of thermal insulation material. Based on density, materials are divided into: extra light, light, medium, dense (hard). Lightweight materials include porous materials suitable for insulating walls, partitions, and ceilings. Thick insulation materials are better suited for insulating the outside.

The lower the density of the insulation, the lower the weight, and the higher the thermal conductivity. This is an indicator of the quality of insulation. And the low weight makes installation and installation easy. In the course of experimental studies, it was found that insulation with a density of 8 to 35 kg/m³ best retains heat and is suitable for insulation vertical structures indoors.

How does thermal conductivity depend on thickness? There is a misconception that thick insulation will better retain heat indoors. This leads to unnecessary expenses. Too much insulation thickness can lead to disruption of natural ventilation and the room will be too stuffy.

And insufficient thickness of the insulation leads to the fact that the cold will penetrate through the thickness of the wall and condensation will form on the wall plane, the wall will inevitably become damp, and mold and mildew will appear.

The thickness of the insulation must be determined on the basis of thermal engineering calculations, taking into account the climatic characteristics of the territory, the wall material and its minimum permissible value heat transfer resistance.

If the calculation is ignored, a number of problems may arise, the solution of which will require large additional costs!

What to look for when choosing

The first thing you should be interested in when buying insulation is its thermal insulation performance, and the lower the thermal conductivity figure, the better it will keep the house warm in winter and cool in summer.

The heat capacity of a material depends on its ability to accumulate and retain heat. The greater its density, the more energy the insulation can accumulate, therefore the best insulation materials those in the structure of which there are many bubble formations or microscopic cavities isolated from each other.

The next indicator is vapor permeability. The higher it is, the better excess moisture will be removed from the building and the less it will accumulate in the walls of the house. Materials with low vapor permeability properties reduce the building’s ability to retain heat, and it is necessary to install improved forced ventilation, and these are extra costs.

Low-weight insulation is easier to transport, install, and is always cheaper. But most importantly, hanging it requires fewer fastening devices, and there is no need to strengthen the walls and foundation. The flammability of materials also plays an important role, especially when insulating. wooden buildings. The most fire-resistant are foam glass and basalt wool.

What is thermal conductivity and thermal resistance

When choosing building materials for construction, you need to pay attention to the characteristics of the materials. One of the key positions is thermal conductivity

It is represented by the thermal conductivity coefficient. This is the amount of heat that a particular material can conduct per unit time. That is, the lower this coefficient, the worse the material conducts heat. And vice versa, the higher the number, the better the heat is removed.

Diagram that illustrates the difference in thermal conductivity of materials

Materials with low thermal conductivity are used for insulation, and materials with high thermal conductivity are used to transfer or remove heat. For example, radiators are made of aluminum, copper or steel, as they transfer heat well, that is, they have a high thermal conductivity coefficient. For insulation, materials with a low thermal conductivity coefficient are used - they retain heat better. If an object consists of several layers of material, its thermal conductivity is determined as the sum of the coefficients of all materials. During calculations, the thermal conductivity of each of the components of the “pie” is calculated, and the found values are summed up. In general, we obtain the thermal insulation capacity of the enclosing structure (walls, floor, ceiling).

The thermal conductivity of building materials shows the amount of heat that it transmits per unit time

There is also such a thing as thermal resistance. It reflects the ability of a material to prevent heat from passing through it. That is, it is the reciprocal of thermal conductivity. And, if you see a material with high thermal resistance, it can be used for thermal insulation. An example of thermal insulation materials is the popular mineral or basalt wool, polystyrene foam, etc. Materials with low thermal resistance are needed to remove or transfer heat. For example, aluminum or steel radiators used for heating, as they give off heat well.

Main parameters

The quality of a material can be assessed based on several fundamental characteristics. The first of these is the thermal conductivity coefficient, which is denoted by the symbol “lambda” (ι). This coefficient shows how much heat passes through a piece of material 1 meter thick and 1 m² in area in 1 hour, provided that the difference between the ambient temperatures on both surfaces is 10°C.

The thermal conductivity of any insulation depends on many factors - humidity, vapor permeability, heat capacity, porosity and other characteristics of the material.

Sensitivity to moisture

Humidity is the amount of moisture contained in the insulation. Water conducts heat well, and a surface saturated with it will help cool the room. Consequently, an over-moistened thermal insulation material will lose its qualities and will not give the desired effect. And vice versa: the more water-repellent properties it has, the better.

Vapor permeability is a parameter close to humidity. In numerical terms, it represents the volume of water vapor passing through 1 m2 of insulation in 1 hour, subject to the condition that the difference in potential vapor pressure is 1 Pa and the temperature of the medium is the same.

With high vapor permeability, the material can become moist. In this regard, when insulating the walls and ceilings of a house, it is recommended to install a vapor barrier coating.

Water absorption is the ability of a product to absorb liquid when it comes into contact. The water absorption coefficient is very important for materials that are used for external thermal insulation. Increased air humidity, precipitation and dew can lead to a deterioration in the characteristics of the material.

Density and heat capacity

Porosity is the number of air pores expressed as a percentage of the total volume of the product. There are closed and open pores, large and small

It is important that they are distributed evenly in the structure of the material: this indicates the quality of the product. Porosity can sometimes reach 50%; in the case of some types of cellular plastics this figure is 90-98%

Density is one of the characteristics that affects the mass of a material. A special table will help you determine both of these parameters. Knowing the density, you can calculate how much the load on the walls of the house or its ceiling will increase.

Heat capacity is an indicator demonstrating how much heat the insulation is ready to accumulate. Biostability is the ability of a material to resist the effects of biological factors, for example, pathogenic flora. Fire resistance is resistance to fire insulation, and this parameter should not be confused with fire safety. There are also other characteristics, which include strength, bending endurance, frost resistance, and wear resistance.

Resistance coefficient

Also, when performing calculations, you need to know the coefficient U - the resistance of structures to heat transfer. This indicator has nothing to do with the qualities of the materials themselves, but you need to know it in order to make the right choice among a variety of insulation materials. The U-factor is the ratio of the temperature difference on the two sides of the insulation to the volume of heat flow passing through it. To find the thermal resistance of walls and ceilings, you need a table that calculates the thermal conductivity of building materials.

You can make the necessary calculations yourself. To do this, the thickness of the material layer is divided by its thermal conductivity coefficient. The last parameter - if we are talking about insulation - should be indicated on the packaging of the material. In the case of house structural elements, everything is a little more complicated: although their thickness can be measured independently, the thermal conductivity coefficient of concrete, wood or brick will have to be looked up in specialized manuals.

At the same time, different types of materials are often used to insulate walls, ceilings and floors in the same room, since the thermal conductivity coefficient must be calculated separately for each plane.

Reduced heat loss

As you can see from the diagram, there are enough places in the house through which heat leaks. To reduce losses, you need to calculate the heat transfer resistance R and compare it with the standards:

Buildings and premises	Degree-days of the heating period, °С day/year	Basic values of the required heat transfer resistance R0, (m² °C)/W, of enclosing structures
Stan	Coverings and ceilings over driveways	Attic floors over unheated crawl spaces and basements	Windows and balcony doors, shop windows and stained glass	Anti-aircraft lights
Residential, medical and children's institutions, schools, boarding schools, hotels and hostels	2000	2,1	3,2	2,8	0,3	0,3
4000	2,8	4,2	3,7	0,45	0,35
6000	3,5	5,2	4,6	0,6	0,4
8000	4,2	6,2	5,5	0,7	0,45
10000	4,9	7,2	6,4	0,75	0,5
12000	5,6	8,2	7,3	0,8	0,55

The formula looks like this:

Heat transfer resistance R = layer thickness, m / material heat transfer coefficient λ, W/(m °C).

Example: let’s take a wall made of spruce timber 15 centimeters (0.15 m) thick under operating conditions “A”. The heat transfer coefficient of wood λ along the fibers will be equal to 0.29 W/(m °C), then we get:

R=0.15/0.29=0.51 (m²°C)/W.

It turned out that our wall provides 4 times less than the required standard of 2.1 (m² °C)/W. To select the required thickness, we transform the formula to the form:

Layer thickness, m = standard R0 from the table, (m² °C)/W × heat transfer coefficient of the material λ, W/(m °C).

Example: Layer thickness = 2.1 (m² °C)/W × 0.29 W/(m °C) = 0.609 m. That is, in order to achieve minimum conditions for storing thermal energy, we need to build walls from spruce beams approximately 60 cm thick. Only the use of insulation will reduce wood consumption.

The total thickness is calculated according to the formula: thickness. 1 layer + thickness 2 layers +…

We provided in the article full table thermal conductivity coefficients. They showed how to calculate the required thickness of the building layer and finishing materials in accordance with regulations. Readers will only have to apply the acquired knowledge in practice.

Basic indicators

It is easy to compare insulation materials based on their main indicators that characterize the effectiveness and safety of insulation, including:

volume weight;
thermal conductivity;
fire safety;
vapor permeability;
hygroscopicity;
weather resistance;
sound permeability;
environmental friendliness;
durability;
efficiency.

The volumetric weight of the insulation affects bearing structures– foundations, walls, columns, beams and ceilings.

The lower the thermal conductivity of insulation, the more efficiently the insulation works, the smaller its thickness is needed for enclosing structures.

Fire safety is one of the most important indicators. The insulation should not burn (N/G indicator), or, in the worst case, self-extinguish when burning (G1, G2), and also should not emit toxic substances during smoldering, otherwise the use of such a heat insulator inside the house is unsafe.

Vapor permeability - the property of thermal insulation to release water vapor from a building without accumulating moisture within itself and without preventing it from escaping through the walls to the outside guarantees the absence of mold and fungi in the house.

Hygroscopicity is the absorption of moisture by a material without loss of heat-insulating properties. This is the weak point of most insulation materials.

Weather resistance - the ability of a material to withstand negative climatic factors - high and low temperatures, high humidity, wind and sunlight. If according to the first indicators all insulation materials have no problems, then light resistance is the weak point of polystyrene foam; it decomposes in light.

Sound permeability. Most heat insulators perfectly dampen sound; impact noise, which generally disturbs everyday life, is better neutralized by dense materials.

Environmentally friendly by modern standards, insulation should not only be safe in everyday life, but its production should not harm nature, and it should also be recycled.

The service life of the material should ideally correspond to the service life of the building itself, so that the owners do not have to deal with replacing insulation.

Cost-effectiveness is a combination of many factors - the ease of insulation with this material, the cost of the material itself and its accompanying accessories, service life, etc.

Concrete

Concrete products with the addition of cement serve as the basis for the construction of houses. Let us describe their thermal conductivity in the table:

№	Material	ρ0, kg/m³	λ0, W/(m °С)	λ (A), W/(m °C)	λ (B), W/(m °C)	μ, mg/(m h Pa)
1	Tufobeton	1800	0,64	0,87	0,99	0,09
2	Same	1600	0,52	0,7	0,81	0,11
3	«	1400	0,41	0,52	0,58	0,11
4	«	1200	0,32	0,41	0,47	0,12
5	Concrete on lithoid pumice	1600	0,52	0,62	0,68	0,075
6	Same	1400	0,42	0,49	0,54	0,083
7	«	1200	0,30	0,4	0,43	0,098
8	«	1000	0,22	0,3	0,34	0,11
9	«	800	0,19	0,22	0,26	0,12
10	Concrete on volcanic slag	1600	0,52	0,64	0,7	0,075
11	Same	1400	0,41	0,52	0,58	0,083
12	«	1200	0,33	0,41	0,47	0,09
13	«	1000	0,24	0,29	0,35	0,098
14	«	800	0,20	0,23	0,29	0,11
Concrete on artificial porous aggregates
1	Expanded clay concrete on expanded clay sand	1800	0,66	0,80	0,92	0,09
2	Same	1600	0,58	0,67	0,79	0,09
3	«	1400	0,47	0,56	0,65	0,098
4	«	1200	0,36	0,44	0,52	0,11
5	«	1000	0,27	0,33	0,41	0,14
6	«	800	0,21	0,24	0,31	0,19
7	«	600	0,16	0,2	0,26	0,26
8	«	500	0,14	0,17	0,23	0,3
9	Expanded clay concrete on quartz sand with moderate (up to 12%) porosity	1200	0,41	0,52	0,58	0,075
10	Same	1000	0,33	0,41	0,47	0,075
11	«	800	0,23	0,29	0,35	0,075
12	Expanded clay concrete on perlite sand	1000	0,28	0,35	0,41	0,15
13	Same	800	0,22	0,29	0,35	0,17
14	Sandless expanded clay concrete	700	0,135	0,145	0,155	0,145
15	Same	600	0,130	0,140	0,150	0,155
16	«	500	0,120	0,130	0,140	0,165
17	«	400	0,105	0,115	0,125	0,175
18	«	300	0,095	0,105	0,110	0,195
19	Shungizite concrete	1400	0,49	0,56	0,64	0,098
20	Same	1200	0,36	0,44	0,5	0,11
21	«	1000	0,27	0,33	0,38	0,14
22	Perlite concrete	1200	0,29	0,44	0,5	0,15
23	Same	1000	0,22	0,33	0,38	0,19
24	«	800	0,16	0,27	0,33	0,26
25	Perlite concrete	600	0,12	0,19	0,23	0,3
26	Concrete on slag-pumice crushed stone	1800	0,52	0,63	0,76	0,075
27	Same	1600	0,41	0,52	0,63	0,09
28	«	1400	0,35	0,44	0,52	0,098
29	«	1200	0,29	0,37	0,44	0,11
30	«	1000	0,23	0,31	0,37	0,11
31	Concrete on vitrified slag gravel	1800	0,46	0,56	0,67	0,08
32	Same	1600	0,37	0,46	0,55	0,085
33	«	1400	0,31	0,38	0,46	0,09
34	«	1200	0,26	0,32	0,39	0,10
35	«	1000	0,21	0,27	0,33	0,11
36	Fine-grained concrete based on granulated blast furnace and ferroalloy (silicomanganese and ferromanganese) slags	1800	0,58	0,7	0,81	0,083
37	Same	1600	0,47	0,58	0,64	0,09
38	«	1400	0,41	0,52	0,58	0,098
39	«	1200	0,36	0,49	0,52	0,11
40	Agloporite concrete and concrete based on fuel slag aggregates	1800	0,7	0,85	0,93	0,075
41	Same	1600	0,58	0,72	0,78	0,083
42	«	1400	0,47	0,59	0,65	0,09
43	«	1200	0,35	0,48	0,54	0,11
44	«	1000	0,29	0,38	0,44	0,14
45	Concrete based on ash fired and unfired gravel	1400	0,47	0,52	0,58	0,09
46	Same	1200	0,35	0,41	0,47	0,11
47	«	1000	0,24	0,3	0,35	0,12
48	Vermiculite concrete	800	0,21	0,23	0,26	—
49	Same	600	0,14	0,16	0,17	0,15
50	«	400	0,09	0,11	0,13	0,19
51	«	300	0,08	0,09	0,11	0,23
Concrete is especially lightweight with porous aggregates and cellular
1	Polystyrene concrete on Portland cement ( GOST R 51263)	600	0,145	0,175	0,20	0,068
2	Same	500	0,125	0,14	0,16	0,075
3	«	400	0,105	0,12	0,135	0,085
4	«	350	0,095	0,11	0,12	0,09
5	«	300	0,085	0,09	0,11	0,10
6	«	250	0,075	0,085	0,09	0,11
7	«	200	0,065	0,07	0,08	0,12
8	«	150	0,055	0,057	0,06	0,135
9	Polystyrene concrete modified with Portland slag cement	500	0,12	0,13	0,14	0,075
10	Same	400	0,09	0,10	0,11	0,08
11	«	300	0,08	0,08	0,09	0,10
12	«	250	0,07	0,07	0,08	0,11
13	«	200	0,06	0,06	0,07	0,12
14	Gas and foam concrete with cement binder	1000	0,29	0,38	0,43	0,11
15	Same	800	0,21	0,33	0,37	0,14
16	«	600	0,14	0,22	0,26	0,17
17	«	400	0,11	0,14	0,15	0,23
18	Gas and foam concrete with limestone binder	1000	0,31	0,48	0,55	0,13
19	Same	800	0,23	0,39	0,45	0,16
20	«	600	0,15	0,28	0,34	0,18
21	«	500	0,13	0,22	0,28	0,235
22	Gas and foam ash concrete with cement binder	1200	0,37	0,60	0,66	0,085
23	Same	1000	0,32	0,52	0,58	0,098
24	«	800	0,23	0,41	0,47	0,12

Main characteristics of thermal insulation materials

Thermal conductivity. The lower the thermal conductivity, the less insulation layer is required, which means your insulation costs will be reduced.
Moisture permeability. Less moisture permeability reduces negative impact moisture on the insulation during subsequent use.
Fire safety. The material should not support combustion and emit toxic fumes, but should be self-extinguishing.
Economical. Insulation must be affordable for a wide range of consumers.
Durability. The longer the period of use of the insulation, the cheaper it is for the consumer during operation and does not require frequent replacement or repair.
Environmental friendliness. The material for thermal insulation must be environmentally friendly, safe for human health and the environment. This characteristic is important for residential premises.
Material thickness. The thinner the insulation, the less the living space of the room will be “eaten up”.
Material weight. Less weight of the insulation will result in less weighting of the insulated structure after installation.
Soundproofing. The higher the sound insulation, the better the protection of residential premises from noise from the street.
Easy to install. The moment is quite important for those who like to do home renovations with their own hands.

Expanded polystyrene

In the photo - polystyrene foam

Using thermal conductivity values in practice

The materials are presented in structural and thermal insulation varieties. The first type has high thermal conductivity. They are used for the construction of floors, fences and walls.

Using the table, the possibilities of their heat transfer are determined. In order for this indicator to be low enough for a normal indoor microclimate, walls made of some materials must be especially thick. To avoid this, it is recommended to use additional thermal insulating components.

When choosing insulation, you need to study the characteristics of each option.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool is a material based on basalt fiber.

Mineral wool cannot be used everywhere, as it has a lower temperature limit. For example, this insulation cannot be used in a refrigerator.

Under influence low temperatures mineral wool becomes brittle and deformed, which is unacceptable for insulation. Here, as a comparison of thermal conductivity insulation shows, the advantage is on the side of polystyrene foam, which has no lower temperature limit.

As for the upper temperature limit, it all depends on the mechanical loads during exposure to high temperatures and the duration of this exposure. If you are interested in the thermal conductivity of insulation, the table that is on our website will help in obtaining information about this. In particular, the thermal conductivity coefficient of mineral wool is given there.

Mineral wool allows steam and moisture to pass through. This significantly reduces its thermal insulation properties. Also, the accumulation of moisture contributes to the development of mold and mildew, rodents begin to settle in the insulation, putrefactive bacteria appear, etc.

Mineral wool insulation is also hygroscopic, which is why it is necessary to build ventilated walls and roofing. This in some cases leads to a large expenditure of money.

Mineral wool insulation is 1.5-3 times heavier than its counterpart. Hence the higher cost of its transportation. Another disadvantage is that such insulation can only be used when the foundation of the structure that is insulated with its help is strong enough. Of course, it is more difficult to carry out loading and unloading and construction and installation work using a large mass of insulation.