Reinforcing brick belt. Is it possible to make an armored belt from brick - Armopoles or brickwork, which is better?

Brick armored belt for walls: features + Photo. Why do you need an armored belt? A reinforced belt is a monolithic type structure that is located along the entire perimeter of the building.

In order to provide a functional armored belt, its structure must meet the following characteristics:

The main components of an armored belt are a concrete mixture, a frame made of reinforcement and blocks (or formwork). The purpose of the design is:

Protect the walls and base of the building from.
Distributing the load from the roof and additional floors onto the walls, giving them strength.
Increasing the rigidity of the building.

This design helps ensure the reliability and strength of the load-bearing wall, as well as increase the building’s resistance to wind, seismic vibrations, temperature changes, shrinkage of the earth and the building itself.

Dimensions

The dimensions of the brick armored belt will depend on design features material to which the fastening will be made. Walls can be external and internal.

The internal structure must be reinforced with an armored belt, which has width values that correspond to the thickness.
If we are talking about strengthening the house from the outside, the width of the belt must correspond to the width of the wall without taking into account the formwork and insulation.
The minimum height of the structure must be 15 cm, and this figure cannot be greater than the width of the wall.

Manufacturing options

It is quite possible to install an armored belt for walls that are built of aerated concrete, and there are several ways to do this:

When using wooden.
When using additional blocks.

If we compare both of these methods, it should be noted that equipping walls with an armored belt with a wooden one is more difficult to implement from a technological point of view. The second method, in which it is proposed to use additional blocks, is much simpler, but then you will have to invest more money, since you will use expensive building material.

The unloading belt is not laid if:

If you use wooden floors, it will be enough to pour concrete platforms with a thickness of 5 cm under the beams, which will play a supporting role in order to reliably protect building blocks from pushing. In reinforced concrete structures there is simply no point in providing additional protection, since the existing load will already be evenly distributed.

Creation using formwork

The formwork for the armored belt is a frame made of wooden components. It is made from scraps of boards that are fastened together along the outside. When the formwork is completely assembled, the lower part is secured with self-tapping screws to the wall, and the upper part with transverse board ties at intervals of 1.8 to 2 meters. The screed is required in order to give reliability to the structure, otherwise it may be crushed or deformed when pouring concrete.

Tools and materials

Before starting the construction of the structure, try to take care of purchasing all the required building materials:

Edged boards, minimum permissible thickness 3 cm and wooden beam 40*40 in order to make formwork.
Nails to attach the plank structure to the wall.
Flexible wire to make the structure rigid.
Reinforcement rods, the diameter of which should be 1.2 cm.
Use as insulation material.

Before starting work on making an armored belt from brick onto aerated concrete, we advise you to draw a diagram of the future structure and indicate the planned dimensions. Based on the drawing, you can calculate the amount of building materials that may be required. From construction tools in this case you will need a hacksaw and.

Construction technology

The process involves performing work in several steps:

Prepare wooden shields.
Lay a layer of polystyrene between the wooden board and the wall of the house for insulation.
Attach the structure to the wall using long nails or self-tapping screws.
Perform additional fastening of the wooden structure using wire and self-tapping screws.
Assemble the reinforcement cage. First you need to lay the reinforcing pins inside the wooden panel. To connect the reinforcement into the frame, use flexible wire. We do not recommend fastening the reinforcement by welding, as the material may begin to rust inside the concrete.
Filling with cement mortar.

As you can see, just 6 steps and the armored belt is ready.

Reinforcement

Reinforcement is made from reinforcing bars with a diameter of 0.8 to 1.2 cm. The process is as follows:

The knitting of reinforcing bars must be done on the machine itself. The finished frame made of reinforcement is quite heavy. When assembling the structure separately, it will be difficult to lift it, much less place it. We recommend laying a layer of brick or stone between the frame and the aerated concrete blocks of the reinforced belt.

Pouring concrete

When purchasing dry concrete mix, pay attention to the marking, as it should be no lower than M200.

If the store does not have such products, you can make it yourself at home if you buy other components and mix them in the correct proportion:

Crushed stone - 2.4 measures.
– 0.5 measures.
Sand – 1.4 measures.

To make the density of the composition higher, you can replace crushed stone with gravel. After the dry elements are mixed, you should start adding a little water in portions, and its amount should be 20% of the total mass of the mixture.

In concrete pouring technology, there are certain standards of work that should be performed in order to obtain the desired functional result:

Pouring should be done in one cycle and should not be interrupted under any circumstances, and the concrete layer should not be allowed to partially dry out.
Also try to avoid any voids or bubbles in the grouting solution, as they may reduce the strength characteristics of the structure in the future.
After pouring, we recommend compacting the concrete using a hammer drill with a special attachment. In order to eliminate voids in the solution, they use a special vibrating machine, and if it is not available, you will have to remove all air bubbles by pinching the solution using.

Creating an unloading belt from blocks

Not only can it be used as formwork wooden structures, but also aerated concrete blocks U shape. But in this case, there is a mandatory condition for the building material, namely the presence of an internal cavity, which will be required for laying reinforcement cage and pouring concrete. The tray type blocks should be laid the same width as the walls. Such a belt will be conveniently placed on external walls due to their additional insulation function, while all cold bridges will be eliminated.

Materials and accessories

Since the method is quite simple, to create an armored belt from bricks for walls and its reinforcement, you only need to buy building materials - additional blocks with a thickness of 10 cm. Before you buy the material, you should calculate the required amount of material according to the planned height of the structure and perimeter object.

Manufacturing process using additional blocks:

Installation of additional elements on the wall as usual.
Reinforcement of the central part of the building material.
Pouring solutions.

Brick armored belt

The unloading belt can be made using brickwork, which will be reinforced with reinforcing mesh. It is slightly worse than concrete and can only be used for outbuildings small size. In order to increase the strength of a brick structure, it is recommended to use metal welded mesh or fittings.

Features of the structure are:

When working with reinforcing mesh, the cross-sectional diameter of which is 0.5 cm, it should be laid through 4 rows of bricks.
The width of the structure must be equal to the thickness of the walls that have been processed.
The height of the structure will depend on the type of building material of the walls of the house and the type of roof. By average structures for walls made of aerated concrete blocks, the indicator is 0.4 meters.

Strengthening walls using bricks with reinforcing mesh cannot replace fully imparting reliability to structural elements using a reinforced concrete analogue.

Insulation

The most important feature of aerated concrete is that it has low thermal conductivity, which will ensure that the built structure does not freeze even under the most low temperatures environment. For this reason, when constructing a strengthening structure, it is important that they do not in any way disturb thermal insulation properties Houses. In winter, as well as during periods when constant sharp changes in temperature are not uncommon, condensation may appear on the brick armored belt. To avoid this, we recommend carrying out insulation work.

Foam plastic and mineral wool (mats) can be used as elements to create thermal insulation. In some cases, you can use aerated concrete blocks that have partitions. When using mineral wool, small ventilation gaps should be left between the facing surface and the insulation.

Advice on organizational issues of insulating a facility

When creating a structure and planning its further insulation, work should be done with an indentation from the outer edge of the wall, and not just along its width.
The minimum width of the reinforcing belt should be 20 cm when using monolithic concrete and 25 cm when using bricks.
The resulting free space after filling the unloading belt should be filled with insulation and covered, which should be cut in advance to the required dimensions.

When pouring cement with mortar, care should be taken to ensure that the elements reinforced mesh did not touch the formwork walls.
To increase the functionality of the unloading frame made of reinforcement, install it on the surface using a building level.
To ensure the strength of concrete, keep it moist after pouring, especially in hot weather. We recommend moisturizing the structure daily for five years. The best effect will be when the surface after watering is covered with plastic film.
After a week you can remove the formwork, but it will function as intended only after 14 days, when cement mixture will freeze completely.
If you plan to insulate reinforced belt, then don't do it flush. Builders recommend moving the formwork deeper and then filling the niche with heat-insulating insulating material.
There is no need to spend money on a reinforced belt if the foundation of the building has soil that is strong and not saturated with water, and the walls are made of brick. The same applies when constructing one-story houses with wooden beams, not with panels of

Armopoyas is a monolithic reinforced concrete structure. The belt has a circular outline, fits on the walls, and has no breaks (gaps) in its body. The solution to the question: how to properly make an armored belt begins with the installation of formwork. The most accessible formwork material is board. The formwork for the armored belt is made either from individual boards or from ready-made wooden shields, connected to each other from the outside with wooden scraps. The bottom of the boards is attached to the wall with self-tapping screws. At the top, the opposite walls of the formwork are connected wooden ties(on nails). The spacing of the ties is 80 cm, but not more than 100 cm.

Do-it-yourself armored belt

When making an armored belt with your own hands, you can use another option for creating it, in which the formwork is not wooden structures, but U-shaped blocks of aerated concrete. Trough blocks are laid the same width as the wall, and have a cavity inside for laying connected reinforcement frame and concrete. It is especially advantageous to install a belt with such “formwork” along external walls, because the side walls of U-shaped blocks act as insulation and eliminate the formation of cold “bridges”. The disadvantage of tray blocks is their high price.

Height of armored belt

The geometric and technical characteristics of a monolithic structure are determined by calculation. Usually the width of the belt is equal to the width of the wall, 30-50cm. Since the support of a prefabricated or monolithic floor on the walls is only 120 cm (in practice - 150-200 cm), based on this, the width of the belt can be taken smaller. The recommended height of the armored belt is 30cm.

In cottages where it is planned to create light floors, it is allowed to install a flat frame in the belt. The ladder frame is prepared directly on the wall, directly in the formwork. It consists of 2 rods (for a wide wall 3 rods) of a periodic profile (calculated diameter), connected to each other by transverse rods. The spacing of the rods is 50 cm. The reinforced belt under the floor slabs carries higher loads. Therefore, the frame is made three-dimensional from 4 or 6 longitudinal reinforcing bars and tied with transverse wire clamps.

Armopoyas for aerated concrete

The frame on all sides must have protective layer made of concrete 4-5 cm. From below it is laid on supports made of brick or concrete chips. It should be noted that an armored belt is installed on aerated concrete not only on external walls, but also on load-bearing ones internal walls. And if along the length of the wall transverse rods and clamps can be connected with knitting wire, then at the corners of the structure and in places where the frame branches into internal load-bearing walls, the connection of longitudinal reinforcement and transverse elements is performed by welding. The level of the frame is set strictly horizontally.

When installing a roof truss structure, its bottom row, the Mauerlat, is attached to the load-bearing wall with special anchors and studs. The rafter system itself creates a bursting load, which can lead to deformation of the walls. Armored belt under the roof ensures wall strength and stable rigidity roofing system. It will be performed similarly to the procedure for installing a monolithic belt under the ceiling. The armored belt under the Mauerlat serves both to distribute the load over the entire surface of the wall and to insert fasteners for the Mauerlat itself.

How to fill an armored belt

Problem: how to fill the armored belt is solved at the final stage of constructing a monolithic structure. For pouring, you can use ready-made commercial concrete mix M200 (B15). Another option is to produce concrete at the construction site. M400 cement, sand and crushed stone are taken in a ratio of 1:3:5. All components are loaded into a concrete mixer, water is added to the desired consistency and mixed. It is important that concrete is poured into the formwork continuously and not in parts. To remove air bubbles from the mixture, after pouring the concrete mixture should be vibrated or the concrete should be intensively pierced along the entire length of the belt with a piece of reinforcement.

Reinforced belt for aerated concrete made of bricks

In practice, as an option for strengthening wall structures, an armored belt for aerated concrete is sometimes made from brick. It is a conventional solid brick masonry reinforced with reinforcement. Reinforcement is carried out with masonry mesh made of wire: 4-5 mm through each row of masonry in height. The solution is cement-sand in a ratio of 1:4. The height of the brick belt is taken from 20 cm to 40 cm. The width of the belt can correspond to the width of the wall, but perhaps narrower. Of course, an armored belt made of brick cannot be called equivalent in strength characteristics to a reinforced concrete belt. However, it is reliable when building houses in areas with low seismic activity or for the construction of auxiliary facilities and outbuildings.

Insulation of armored belt

To prevent the reinforced belt from becoming a “bridge” of cold and to avoid the formation of condensation on it, it is necessary to insulate the armored belt. Therefore, a monolithic or brick belt, most often, is not made to cover the entire width of the wall, but with an indentation from its outer edge. It is important to maintain a minimum width of the reinforced belt, equal to 20 cm for concrete and 25 cm for brick. The resulting longitudinal niches are filled with heat-insulating material, which are partition aerated concrete blocks laid on spoons (10 cm), polystyrene foam slabs and other materials.

A reinforced monolithic or brick belt provides building construction houses made of aerated concrete blocks with increased strength. And for all household members, it becomes a guarantor of a safe, long and happy stay in a new home.

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The feasibility of constructing a reinforced belt

In what cases is it necessary to strengthen the structure? Is it possible to do without it? The seismic belt is poured in the following situations:

insufficiently deep foundation;
ravines and ponds are located in close proximity;
the building was built in mountainous terrain;
possible shrinkage of the soil under the building;
the object is located in a seismic zone.

What is the support frame for?

A number of modern materials used in construction have a range of advantages. But due to insufficient rigidity, they negatively perceive point forces. You can prevent destruction by installing an armored belt. This event is a justified necessity for modern buildings, including brick ones.

Overlapping the roof affects the building with two types of forces:

Vertically acting load transmitted by the mass of the roof and external factors: wind load, snow cover, seismic components. Spot impact roof truss transforms into uniformly distributed.
A thrust force transmitted to the base by supported rafters. The roof is trying to force the building apart. This is counteracted by a steel bar reinforced belt.

Functional purpose

The reinforced frame performs a number of important tasks:

maintaining the contour and preventing wall deformation during soil shrinkage and earthquakes;
leveling the structure being erected in the horizontal plane and eliminating errors made during laying;
ensuring the rigidity of the building under construction;
distribution of local or point forces along the supporting plane of load-bearing surfaces;
fixation of a closed line, which is the basis for fastening the roof.

Regardless of your plans to place an attic above the first floor of the house, the next floor or the roof, remember that you need to take care of strengthening the structure!

Features of preparatory activities

A serious requirement when constructing a belt reinforced with steel bars is compliance with the dimensions.

The wall should correspond as much as possible to the thickness of the walls, representing a square section structure with a side size of at least 250 millimeters. If the construction of the building is carried out from aerated concrete, then the final row is laid with special blocks of a U-shaped configuration. This chain is a formwork for filling with concrete mortar. In a situation where the construction of a house is carried out from brick, the external contour is formed by installing bricks at half the thickness, and the internal contour is made from boards.

When constructing a frame, pay attention to its continuity along the entire perimeter of the object. General system The roof of the house includes special elements: ledges or ridge racks, resting on other walls of the building that are not permanent. In this situation, a reinforcement frame should also be built on them. Check the horizontalness of the top edge using a water level.

Sequence of preparatory operations

For an armored belt, you can complete all stages of work with your own hands if you carefully study technological process and purchase everything you need in a timely manner. Installation work stages include:

Preparing for installation. How to make formwork strong? What materials are needed? To arrange the frame, use ordinary wooden boards having a thickness of at least 40 millimeters. The width of the boards should be about 200 millimeters. Using special guide elements, it is necessary to fasten the formwork with nails to ensure rigidity. The length of the nails up to 120 millimeters allows for reliable fixation of the formwork for the armored belt. Carefully bend the protruding parts of the nails. For the reliability of the structure, guides to the capital elements of the building should be fixed.

Ensuring immobility. The dimensions of the guide elements, made of beams or boards, must correspond to the thickness of the wall. The shape is fixed to the boards using nails. The formwork for the armored belt must be rigid and not diverge when pouring concrete mortar.
Sealing joints. We plug the end slots with a thick solution, which should not flow outward and remain inside the perimeter. You can also add polyurethane foam or film to seal cracks.

Specifics of reinforcement

To install the reinforcement frame, you will need corrugated rods with a diameter of more than 12 mm, which are laid around the perimeter of the building. When laying reinforcement, its installation must be done on both sides: one row to the inside of the wall of the building, and the other to the outside. How to properly fix a reinforced frame? This requires welding, with the help of which the entire frame is thoroughly welded. This applies to everyone metal parts and joints. The corners of the belt that protrude should be folded around the entire perimeter.

After reinforcement, the structure will be surrounded by two solid steel rings. Partitions of buildings that do not bear the force load of the floor are reinforced traditional way. Be sure to install a wire mesh with a diameter of 8 mm with square or rectangular cells on top of the reinforcement. Attachment to the mesh reinforcement is carried out using binding wire. When fixing the grid around the perimeter of the building, gaps are not allowed. Ensure the minimum vertical dimension of the reinforced contour is 20 centimeters. Load bearing The frame elements are secured with an overlap. This will ensure the solidity of the belt after concreting.

Concrete preparation

It is possible to use a mortar used for laying bricks, based on a sand-gravel mixture. For this purpose it is used river sand, large fractions of gravel, as well as a small amount of crushed stone. For traditionally used 400 grade cement, mix one part cement with four parts sand and gravel mixture. We control the level of the poured mortar using a pre-tensioned construction thread.

Pouring concrete mortar

The required strength can be ensured by following the following recommendations:

The formwork for the armored belt is concreted using technology in one step;
carry out work continuously;
It is advisable to pump the solution directly into a wooden form using a concrete pump;
pour concrete until it covers the reinforcement to a depth of 5 cm;
it is preferable to use concrete with a grade of at least M 200;
Air cavities that negatively affect strength are unacceptable. To eliminate this, use special vibrators;
the use of plasticizers improves the fluidity of the mixture, reduces the concentration of water, which shortens the hardening time of concrete;
the concrete mass must stand for 3 weeks;
during hot periods, moisten the surfaces generously with water to prevent cracks and strengthen the hardened mortar.

Final operations

The formwork frame should be dismantled a week after the concrete has settled. By this time it will reach strength characteristics. After the concrete screed has hardened, immediately begin laying slabs for the future floor or installing the roof. Be sure to use rolled waterproofing materials before installing the roof or installing floor slabs. In places where the roofing system is attached, holes for anchors are made, if necessary.

It is not advisable to save on building materials. If the reinforced belt is poured taking into account technological requirements, then the durability of the building and the strength of the structure are guaranteed. It’s not difficult to make an armored belt for the roof, following these recommendations! You can do it yourself!

Originally posted 2016-11-03 10:26:32.

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Main types of unloading belts

Depending on the location of the armored belt, it can wear different names and take on certain functions:

Grillage - placed between a columnar or pile foundation houses and walls. However, they don’t build it out of brick - it’s too important a site.
The plinth is the second level of unloading and reinforcement, which is used in the construction of houses on a foundation made of concrete blocks. It provides the base with greater rigidity on moving soils and is also made of reinforced concrete. Although a fairly common option is brickwork, which serves as permanent formwork for subsequent pouring.
Unloading is an intermediate reinforced belt under the floor slabs, which not only takes on their weight, but also ensures the rigidity of the building above one floor at each level. When building from lightweight concrete blocks you cannot do without it, and here the best way is precisely the brick.
A support under the Mauerlat is a mandatory element of a house made of aerated concrete or other porous blocks that do not easily absorb point and multidirectional loads. In addition, fastening the timber itself with studs in such walls turns out to be unreliable even when using chemical anchoring. Here, the reinforced belt for walls made of aerated concrete turns into a kind of connection between the blocks with which it is connected with mortar, and the roof truss, reinforced through a mauerlat beam.

Features of laying on aerated concrete

As a rule, the brick belt is made 4-7 rows high and the width of the wall being strengthened. Reinforcement must be performed in each horizontal seam using a steel mesh with a cell size of 3-4 cm or rigid wire with a thickness of at least 5 mm. Installation is carried out in the same way as in the case of ordinary walls made of brick:

with seams offset by 1/3 of the length;
with tie dressing in every third row.

If an armored belt for aerated concrete made of brick serves as a support for the Mauerlat, vertical metal pins can be immediately walled into the masonry threaded rods with a diameter of 12-16 mm. They are installed in increments of 1-1.5 m, and the depth of their embedding will depend on the thickness of the beam - it should be twice as long as the free end for attaching the Mauerlat. However, many builders advise immediately embedding cuttings to the entire height of the armored belt.

After the mortar has set, roofing felt or two layers of roofing felt are spread on the surface of the masonry. This is waterproofing that will protect the timber itself and the brick superstructure from the accumulation of condensing moisture. Next, the Mauerlat is outlined and drilled at the required points, threaded onto the stud releases and fixed on the reinforcement belt with nuts for wide washers.

Since ceramics have greater thermal conductivity than base wall material, it turns into a kind of cold bridge (although monolithic reinforced concrete in this case behaves even worse). So that during the further operation of the building in winter period If there were no problems, you can try to “close” the contour of the cellular blocks in parallel with laying the brick. To do this, a thin GB partition is removed from the side of the premises, as if hiding the armored belt inside the aerated concrete wall. If a gap has formed between the surfaces, experts recommend additional thermal insulation.

Stages of constructing a belt under the ceiling

If the rigid contour under the roof plays the role of unloading and reliable support for the mauerlat beam, it is enough to lay it around the perimeter of the house frame. However, the use of slabs for interfloor or attic floors will force the middle load-bearing wall to be covered with rows of bricks. Here, aerated concrete can also experience loads, so a rigid layer for its reinforcement is simply necessary.

No matter how light the floor slabs are, rest them directly on cellular or expanded clay concrete blocks it is forbidden. The masonry will be able to withstand their weight, but if the direction of the applied force changes, it will begin to collapse. In this case, the belt serves as a kind of buffer that distributes the pressure of the slab over the entire area of the walls, preventing push-through load-bearing structure. It is possible to refuse a thick layer of solid brick only when the ceiling is made of wood - here they make do with a backing for the beams in one or two blocks.

Otherwise, the armored belt is under hollow core slabs built according to all the rules. Main stages of work:

The first row is planted directly on aerated concrete using a solution. If the thickness of the main wall is standard (30 cm), laying is done in two bricks, filling the gaps with “checks”.
Installation of reinforcing mesh along the entire belt line.
Laying the second row according to the same pattern with subsequent reinforcement.
The third row of bricks is bonded. Here you need to focus on the inner plane of the wall. The gap remaining outside is filled with either quarters or pieces of mineral wool, if an insulated ventilated facade is being erected at the same time.

Under the top row of aerated concrete, on which the belt for the floor slabs is placed, reinforcement must be laid in the grooves. This will add rigidity to the entire structure and provide the walls with additional protection from cracks. Otherwise, once they appear, they will crawl lower.

According to the above diagram, the armored belt is laid out to the entire required height, after which floor slabs can be safely mounted on it. Anchoring is carried out in the standard way for brick walls - using L-shaped metal brackets. Fastening elements are covered with a layer of cement mortar to protect against corrosion.

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Monolithic belt- this is reinforced reinforced concrete beam, which is done mainly under the ceiling in masonry walls.

At first glance, the purpose of such a belt is unclear: you can, after all, support the ceiling directly on the masonry and not install any belts. As they say, “cheap and cheerful.” Let’s look at the reasons for constructing a monolithic belt.

1. If the masonry material of the walls does not bear the load from the floor. IN brick wall made of solid brick, for example, a monolithic belt is not needed, but in a wall made of cinder block when supporting the ceiling long span such a belt is necessary.

At the point where the slab is supported, a significant load is concentrated (from the ceiling, floors, people and furniture), and all of it does not fall evenly on the wall, but increases in the direction where the slabs are supported. Some masonry materials (cinder block, foam and aerated concrete, shell rock, etc.) do not work well when exposed to such a concentrated load, and may simply begin to collapse. This type of failure is called crushing. You can perform a special masonry calculation to determine whether a monolithic distribution belt is needed. But in some cases (when using cinder block, foam concrete), a monolithic belt must be made for design reasons based on experience in construction from these materials.

2. If the building is being built on weak soils (for example, subsidence). Such soils tend to deform significantly after some time, due to soaking or other unfavorable factors - to shrink under the weight of the building. In this case, part of the house may sag, resulting in cracks in the walls and foundation. One of the measures that protects against the adverse effects of subsidence is the installation of a continuous monolithic belt under the floors. It serves as a screed for the house and, with minor precipitation, can prevent the formation of cracks. If you are going to build a house, first of all inspect the houses in the neighboring areas (preferably those that were built a long time ago). If there are inclined cracks in the walls, running from the ground up, from the roof down, or from the corners of the windows up, then this is the first sign that a monolithic belt in your house will not be superfluous.

3. If the house is being built in seismic area(in Ukraine this is Crimea), the installation of monolithic belts is mandatory.

4. B multi-storey buildings The standards also require the installation of monolithic belts.

How to make a monolithic belt - see the topic “Prefabricated floor or monolith” .

Why is it needed?

A reinforcing belt made of brick is a small continuous lining, reinforced with longitudinal metal rods or mesh. The use of such a design is allowed instead of an armored belt of another expensive concrete monolith for strengthening low-rise buildings and outbuildings. It performs the following main functions:

Provides protection from adverse external weather conditions - loads of strong winds, uneven subsidence or ground heaving.
Fastening other elements of the structure to the base with brackets or anchors. If the wall material cannot hold them on its own.
Strengthening walls. When they are constructed from expanded clay concrete or porous blocks (gas or foam concrete). They are considered weak materials that cannot withstand the movement of soil and point loads from the floor slabs between floors. The reinforced belt prevents the walls from deforming while placing the load equally on the slabs and blocks.
Prevents cracks from occurring. When there are weak soils on the land plot - clay, peat, dusty sand, loess, etc.

A brick armored belt is necessary to ensure the safety and integrity of the structure during shrinkage of the building.
Types of armored belt

It is advisable to erect such a structure when laying the pile foundation of a building.
The type of reinforcing belts depends on their location and has various names depending on the functions they perform. Among them are:
Grillage. It is located between the pile or columnar foundation of the building and the walls, which determines the strength of the entire structure. But brick is not used here, since this area is extremely critical; it is better to replace it with a denser monolith.
The second level of reinforcement and unloading is the base, which is used for greater rigidity during ground movements. Brickwork is used - permanent formwork, which is widely used for the next pour.
Unloading (interfloor). Such an intermediate belt under the floor slabs takes on their entire load and imparts rigidity to the object at each floor level.
Support for the mauerlat. The armored belt acts as a connection between the blocks with which it is secured with mortar and the roof reinforced with mauerlat beams.

Stages of construction of a brick armored belt
The technology for arranging a reinforced belt is divided into three stages:

To complete this stage of construction work, it is necessary to install formwork.
Formation of a reinforcement box.
Installation of formwork.
Pouring concrete.

Based on the location of the armored belt, certain nuances appear during operation. There are four types of manufacturing of a reinforcing belt:
Under the foundation (lower level). The width size is more than 30-40cm than the main one support part concrete strips. This allows you to significantly reduce the pressure of the structure on the soil. It is advisable to fill such a belt with concrete mixture in one step. The main reinforcement can have a diameter of 16-20 mm, transverse clamps - from 8 to 10, and their distance - no more than 20 cm.
The next stage is on the basis. This is a continuation of the block base. For strengthening, 4 pcs are used. rods with a diameter of 14 to 18 mm, connected with clamps measuring 6-8 mm. When installing formwork under a reinforced belt for a rubble concrete base, no problems are observed. For this purpose, leave a space of 20 to 30 cm for installation of the armored belt, taking into account a protective layer of concrete of 3-4 cm.
For floor slabs, a reinforcing belt is used, where its width is equal to the width of the walls. This is done if the facade is entirely covered with slab insulation. In case of using plaster as decoration, the width of the armored belt is reduced from 4 to 5 cm, leaving room for foam plastic. On the walls made of aerated concrete along the edges, masonry is installed from a pair of thin blocks in width. The metal frame is mounted into the free voids in the middle and concrete is laid. Blocks that insulate the belt act as formwork.
The armored belt, installed under the Mauerlat, has important feature, which differs from other types of reinforcement by the presence of an anchor pin. With it, the beam is securely attached to the wall without the possibility of separation or displacement due to the action of wind. The dimensions of the width and height of the reinforcement box are at least 3-4 cm on each side after filling the voids between the outer surface of the reinforcing belt and the metal.

When constructing such a structure under the Mauerlat, it is important to consider that without the use of special studs it will not be strong.
Before constructing a building yourself, you should decide how much reinforcing masonry should be in the house. All this depends on the number of storeys of the building.

Armopoyas is a monolithic reinforced concrete structure. The belt has a circular outline, fits on the walls, and has no breaks (gaps) in its body. The solution to the question: how to properly make an armored belt begins with the installation of formwork. The most accessible formwork material is board. The formwork for the armored belt is made either from separate boards or from ready-made wooden panels, connected to each other from the outside with wooden scraps. The bottom of the boards is attached to the wall with self-tapping screws. On top, the opposite walls of the formwork are connected with wooden ties (on nails). The spacing of the ties is 80 cm, but not more than 100 cm.

Do-it-yourself armored belt

Height of armored belt

Armopoyas for aerated concrete

The frame must have a protective layer of concrete of 4-5 cm on all sides. From below it is laid on supports made of brick or concrete chips. It should be noted that the armored belt is installed on aerated concrete not only on external walls, but also on load-bearing internal walls. And if along the length of the wall transverse rods and clamps can be connected with knitting wire, then at the corners of the structure and in places where the frame branches into internal load-bearing walls, the connection of longitudinal reinforcement and transverse elements is performed by welding. The level of the frame is set strictly horizontally.

Armobelt under the Mauerlat

When installing a roof truss structure, its bottom row, the Mauerlat, is attached to the load-bearing wall with special anchors and studs. The rafter system itself creates a bursting load, which can lead to deformation of the walls. The armored belt under the roof ensures the strength of the wall and the stable rigidity of the roofing system. It will be performed similarly to the procedure for installing a monolithic belt under the ceiling. The armored belt under the Mauerlat serves both to distribute the load over the entire surface of the wall and to insert fasteners for the Mauerlat itself.

How to fill an armored belt

Reinforced belt for aerated concrete made of bricks

A reinforced monolithic or brick belt gives the building structures of a house made of aerated concrete blocks increased strength. And for all household members, it becomes a guarantor of a safe, long and happy stay in a new home.

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General characteristics

The reinforcement structure is a closed monolithic system that follows the perimeter of the house. The main function is to protect the building from deformation and ensure strength, rigidity, reinforcement, uniform load distribution. Is it necessary to make an armored belt for aerated concrete?

There are a number of reasons why its construction is considered mandatory:

The fasteners used when installing the rafter system are a source of point loads, which provokes the formation of cracks. Similar loads are placed on the walls if the beams are laid directly on the block;
if a system is used when constructing the roof hanging rafters, an armored belt on aerated concrete made of brick or block helps to distribute loads evenly across the entire frame;
when a two-story house is being built, including with the participation of other materials, for example, wood, the reinforced belt under the floor slabs ensures the resistance of the walls to mechanical stress and becomes the support of the floor.

How to make an armored belt on aerated concrete - video

All manipulations can be carried out manually if you have at least some experience in construction. It must be securely fastened to the solid wall.

Reinforcement frame

Modeling of the frame mesh is subject to the general standards adopted when conducting concrete work.

Technological principles:

the ring frame is formed on the basis of four reinforcement bars fixed by jumpers;
in cross section the frame is square or rectangular;
a ribbed rod is used for work, longitudinal - 8-14 mm, transverse - 6-8 mm;
cell pitch – 100-150 mm.

The rods should not come into contact with the base material; plastic or wooden supports will help. They will allow the filling to be distributed evenly.

How to make an armored belt for aerated concrete from U-shaped blocks

This is a universal, but more expensive option compared to similar technologies.

Sequencing:

Tray modules are placed on the top row of masonry using an adhesive solution;
the size of the armored belt for aerated concrete must correspond to the thickness of the wall, with a height of no more than 30 cm;
inside the block, closer to the outside, placed thermal insulation material(layer of expanded polystyrene);
The reinforcement frame is laid and the concrete mixture is poured.

Using partition blocks

The system simulates the laying of U-blocks. The modules play the role of permanent formwork; the strength of the adhesive mass is sufficient to withstand the load from pouring concrete.

Sequencing:

Using an adhesive mixture, a partition block (100/50 mm) is placed on the top row of masonry. A small block is placed on the inside;
Thermal insulation and reinforcement frame are laid out inside;
filling is carried out.

In a similar way, the construction of an armored belt made of bricks on walls made of aerated concrete is realized, which is advisable with a thickness of 510-610 mm. Two walls of the structure are laid out in half a brick, reinforcement is laid into the resulting cavity and concrete is poured. Brick armored belt can be laid on the foundation, under floor slabs, under the roof.

Using removable wooden formwork

Such an armored belt is most often installed on houses built on the basis of 300, 250, 200 mm blocks. The panel formwork frame is created on the basis regular boards, OSB, laminated plywood. The height of the system should be 200-300 mm, the thickness corresponds to the thickness of the wall.

Technological principles:

partition blocks 100 mm are laid on the top row of masonry closer to the outer part of the wall using an adhesive solution;
panel formwork is installed on the inside;
When the supporting frame is ready and the reinforcement is laid, M200 concrete is poured. You can use more durable material M300/M400 if the height of the object exceeds one floor.

An armored belt on aerated concrete under wooden floors can be laid on double-sided formwork with polystyrene foam with outside.

Pouring armored belt on aerated concrete

The filling must be monolithic, that is, done at a time. It is highly undesirable to lay the solution in parts. If the master is forced to act in this way, he must install intermediate jumpers made of wood.

When performing the next pour, these elements are dismantled, the joint areas are abundantly moistened with water, and only then the work continues. The mass is compacted; by manipulating a piece of reinforcement, the voids that have arisen can be removed.

In hot weather, the belt is covered with a film, which will prevent rapid evaporation of moisture and the formation of cracks. After 4 days, the system is ready for subsequent work - laying rafters or floors.

The technology for constructing reinforced belts on foam blocks and reinforced belts on expanded clay concrete blocks is identical to the specified methods applicable to aerated concrete.

How to attach a Mauerlat to aerated concrete without an armored belt

Is it necessary to make an armored belt for aerated concrete in all cases? If you intend to build a small house, you can use a simpler method to fix the walls of aerated concrete blocks with timber. To do this, metal studs (steel fasteners in the form of bolts with a square base of 5x5 cm) are embedded in the wall.

The fasteners begin to be installed 2-3 rows from the top of the masonry. The length of the pin should be sufficient to pass through the beam.

Reinforced belt for aerated concrete under floor beams

The structure is erected along all external and internal load-bearing walls on which the floor beams will rest (the same applies to slabs).

If the installation of cladding is intended, the armored belt must grip the cladding wall in order to connect it with the main structure. If this stage of work is not implemented immediately, but, let’s say, next year, work is carried out only on aerated concrete.

Reinforced belt on aerated concrete under floor slabs

when supported along the contour – 40 mm;
when supported on two sides (span more than 4.2 m) – 70 mm;
when supported on two sides (span less than 4.2 m) – 50 mm.

Armobelt in a house made of aerated concrete - how to choose sizes

The parameters are determined depending on the dimensions of the wall structures. The thickness of the armored belt for aerated concrete under the Mauerlat must match the thickness of the wall. For example, a 400 mm wall requires a 400 mm armored belt, 15-20 cm high.

The armored belt on aerated concrete, the dimensions of which are taken into account by the master, responds well to various movements and strengthens the house. For example, when using cladding, the thickness of the monolithic fill can be reduced by the thickness of the cladding, but when work is carried out simultaneously, the cladding material can also be captured in the reinforced belt.

Price

If you plan to attract a small team of workers to build an armored belt on aerated concrete, the price will be at least 500 rubles/m.p. The average cost of constructing 1 m³ will be 2.8-3.5 tr.

How an armored belt is organized in practice on aerated concrete is shown in the video:

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Purpose

Availability of reinforcing structure increases the reliability of the structure and prevents the appearance of cracks. When soil moves or heavy precipitation begins, similar element ensures uniform distribution of loads on the building.

The reinforced belt for aerated concrete not only increases the resistance of the walls of the house to loads from internal and external environment, but also has a connecting purpose – connects individual building elements into an integral structure. The belt acts as a stiffener, connecting the walls to each other. Its presence allows you to make window openings wider due to sufficient strength characteristics.

The possibility of wall deformation and building destruction are minimized when using this load-bearing element. It is especially necessary in a house made of aerated concrete, built on sloping ground.

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Characteristics

The reinforced belt on aerated concrete is a continuous frame used as a support for load-bearing, external walls building.

Its dimensions are determined by the length and width of the wall. For a single-layer masonry of 30 cm, the optimal thickness of the reinforced belt for aerated concrete is 25 cm. To increase the thermal conductivity of the house and as additional protection from the cold, it is recommended to lay insulation on top of it and lay out another layer of masonry.

There are several types of belts:

grillage– the top of the pile foundation;
armored belt on aerated concrete, which serves as the boundary between the foundation and the wall (basement);
seismic belt connecting the floors of the house along the upper wall row;

for roof unloading

Each of them has its own specific features for carrying out construction work in accordance with the instructions.

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What functions does it perform?

Armopoyas in construction industry used to increase the resistance of the load-bearing walls of the house to external and internal influences. It helps connect the individual parts of the building into an integral structure, performing the following functions:

The armored belt on aerated concrete satisfies the building's need for a load-bearing structure. It allows the material to safely tolerate point loads of various types, which prevents cracking and destruction of individual block elements and maintains the strength of the walls.

Formwork belt made using aerated concrete contributes to formation smooth surface belt due to its even distribution. Its versatility contributes to high-quality results and effective implementation construction work.

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Pros and cons of use

The belt installation technology has certain advantages and disadvantages. First of all, the quality of the material and the service life are taken into account.

The advantages of the armored belt on aerated concrete:

low cost price;
ease of installation;
frost resistance, fire resistance;
stable resistance to deformation;
uniform load distribution on the structure of the house;
long service life.

The construction of a building where aerated concrete is used as the main material will cost three times less than the construction brick house. Aerated concrete blocks lightweight, resistant to climatic conditions and have good frost resistance due to its greater thickness than brick. The useful life of the housing will be at least one hundred years.

Flaws:

the need for additional waterproofing of the surface to prevent its decompaction and destruction;
waterproofing costs and thermal insulation.

Despite additional expenses, you can’t do without an armored belt. Compared to the advantages of installing it, the disadvantages do not seem so significant.

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Step-by-step instruction

An armored belt on aerated concrete does not require any special device technology. It consists of several sequential operations:

installation reinforcement frame;
assembly and installation of formwork;
concrete.

The specifics of operation can only be influenced by the area where the belt is located, but in general, the instructions for installing it have a standard form.

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Manufacturing of formwork

When you cannot do without an armored belt, the process of assembling and installing a frame under it from boards and their scraps begins. This method is quite simple:

This design is able to withstand the mass of concrete when it is poured and not suffer. If the frame is needed for floor beams, then it is mounted along the outer surface of the walls, and the height is equal to 20-40 cm. To be able to carefully disguise the insulation if it is necessary to use it, you can move the formwork deep into the walls. It is convenient to fill the formed niche with heat-insulating material.

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Belt frame

Before you start the process, you should decide whether an armored belt is needed to build a building and what the width of the wall is. If you can’t do without it, after making the formwork let's move on to forming the frame:

For aerated concrete walls An armored belt based on its design can consist of a pair of reinforcement rods and jumpers. They will look like a ladder, and the intermediate distance between them is equal to 50 cm.

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Pouring concrete

After the main work has been carried out, it’s time to fill. For this purpose it is taken ready mix or the solution is prepared independently. The production of concrete mixture is done in accordance with the proportion 1:3:5. For this, cement, sand and crushed stone with the addition of water are used. The solution is stirred until the lumps are completely dissolved. It is more convenient to use a concrete mixer for these purposes.

Filling instructions:

preparing the solution;
installation of jumpers;
pouring formwork;
cleaning jumpers;
removal of voids using a piece of reinforcement.

Preferably pour the mixture one time, and not in parts. It's convenient for one-story house. When working with a multi-story building, you will have to fill the formwork in parts. To do this, intermediate jumpers are installed, which can be made from leftover aerated concrete or boards. After pouring, they are removed, the joints are moistened with water and the next batch of concrete is added.

To remove voids, a piece of reinforcement is pierced into the solution, which contributes to its compaction. If the weather is favorable, after 4-5 days the armored belt will be ready, and the formwork can be removed.

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Conclusion

After familiarizing yourself with the purpose, quality characteristics, functions and instructions on how to make an armored belt, you can begin the repair process. Proper weighing of the pros and cons of using a belt for aerated concrete will allow simplify renovation work and evaluate your capabilities to strengthen the house.

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Main functions of the armored belt

strengthening walls;
ensures uniform distribution of loads;
prevents the formation of cracks;
promotes leveling of brickwork;
maintaining the integrity of the structure during shrinkage of the house.

Types of reinforced belts

It is customary to distinguish 4 types of reinforced belts.

Grillage.

Grillage- this is the lower, sub-foundation armored belt, which is the key to the strength of the entire building. In addition, it can connect the piles of columnar and pile foundations. The height of the grillage is from 30 to 50 cm, the width is 70 - 120 cm. For production, reinforcement with a thickness of 12 - 14 mm is used. For greater reliability and durability, concrete should cover the reinforcement frame by 5 cm on each side.

Base armored belt

It is laid along the entire perimeter of the external walls. If the ceiling is slabs, it is recommended to do it on all load-bearing walls. The main function of the base reinforced belt is to distribute loads on the foundation. Mesh reinforcement with a height of 20 - 40 cm is used;

Interfloor (unloading) belt

It is constructed to strengthen and tighten the walls, as well as to prevent the formation of cracks. In addition, it absorbs and distributes the load of the entire structure. Placed on all load-bearing walls;

Armobelt under the Mauerlat

An armored belt under the Mauerlat performs a number of useful functions: it allows you to securely fasten the Mauerlat itself, distributes the load from the roof, gables, rafter system, and levels the horizontal of the entire structure being erected. It is mounted along the perimeter of external walls, in some cases (with inclined rafters) - on the middle load-bearing wall. When creating a reinforcement frame, the studs are placed above it. A thread is made at the end of the rods, and corresponding holes are made in the Mauerlat. After the poured concrete has hardened and gained strength, a Mauerlat is installed on the studs and secured with bolts.

When making an armored belt special requirements requirements for the quality of concrete. It is recommended to use cement grade no lower than M200. The concrete mixture is poured at once, which will allow it to harden evenly and set well. For higher strength, concrete is periodically wetted.

Is it worth making an armored belt out of brick?

So is it worth the risk and instead of making a full-fledged armored belt from concrete and reinforcement, make an armored belt from brick? In our opinion - no! Brick masonry is only slightly stronger than block masonry, even if it is reinforced. Two or three rows of bricks will not be able to evenly distribute the entire load along the walls. This will lead to the fact that some fragments and sections of the brickwork will experience increased pressure compared to the rest of the wall, and this is dangerous due to the appearance of cracks and even complete destruction of the wall. Therefore, it would be right not to take risks and make full reinforcement with an armored belt made of reinforced concrete.

A monolithic belt is a reinforced reinforced concrete beam, which is made mainly under the ceiling of masonry walls.

1. If the masonry material of the walls does not bear the load from the floor. In a brick wall made of solid brick, for example, a monolithic belt is not needed, but in a wall made of cinder block, when supporting the ceiling of a large span, such a belt is necessary.

3. If a house is being built in a seismic area (in Ukraine this is Crimea), the installation of monolithic belts is mandatory.

4. In multi-storey buildings, the standards also require the installation of monolithic belts.

How to make a monolithic belt - see the topic “Prefabricated floor or monolith” .

Attention! For the convenience of answering your questions, a new section “FREE CONSULTATION” has been created.

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What is it needed for?

This element is designed to strengthen wall structures that may be subject to various adverse deforming effects:

wind;
uneven shrinkage of building structures;
temperature changes that occur seasonally or within one day;
subsidence of soil under the base of the foundation.

The armored belt (another name is the seismic belt) absorbs the uneven distribution of loads on itself, thereby protecting the structure from destruction.

The fact is that concrete is much more resistant to compressive loads than gas silicate blocks, and Built-in reinforcement helps prevent failure under tensile loading.

Thanks to the tandem of these two materials, the seismic belt during the construction of a house made of aerated concrete can withstand much greater loads than the standard ones.

The installation of an armored belt for an aerated concrete house is mandatory for several significant reasons:

A monolithic belt for aerated concrete compensates for the resulting deformations in wall structures with heterogeneous load or elastic modulus.
When installing a roof truss system, point overstressing of gas silicate blocks may occur, causing cracks and chips in them. This situation is also possible when attaching the Mauerlat to the load-bearing wall with anchors and studs.
When using a hanging rafter system, the reinforced belt additionally acts as a spacer that distributes the load from the roof over the entire house.

The main requirement for the quality of a seismic belt is its continuity. It is ensured by continuous circular pouring of this monolithic reinforced concrete section.

Let's learn how to make an armored belt. It is necessary to make an accurate calculation of its dimensions before starting work. The width of the belt should be equal to the width of the wall on which it is installed. Height - from 18 centimeters. Height is of greatest importance.

You can arrange a reinforced belt in several ways. The order of work is as follows:

installation of formwork;
insulation (if provided for by the project);
collection and installation of a frame made of reinforcement;
pouring concrete mortar.

By and large, the technology is no different from the process of constructing window lintels.

Concrete armored belt

Formwork

Removable design

The general design of the formwork consists of prefabricated elements - wooden panels made from boards. Instead of boards, you can use old furniture boards.

The formwork is fixed on the wall:

On the sides (using reinforcing pieces or metal wire)
On top (stiffening ribs are constructed from 40x40 mm wooden scraps, which are nailed to the upper parts of parallel formwork panels in increments of 150 cm).
To prevent the formwork from shifting, its most loaded lower part is secured with a cross section of reinforcement.

The thickness of the formwork boards is directly affected by the height from which the solution will be poured: the higher the height, the thicker the formwork.

To prevent the solution from leaking out through cracks and gaps, all joints, corners and turns must be securely sealed.

The next step is the installation of a reinforcement frame made of steel elements with a diameter of 12 mm, connected together with knitting wire. Inside the formwork, the frame is installed on plastic coasters(in extreme cases, you can use wooden blocks 3cm wide).

The formwork is dismantled using a nail puller:

In summer - after 24 hours.
In winter - after 72 hours.

It is worth noting that the thermal conductivity of concrete is several times higher than gas silicate. That's why This method of constructing formwork is acceptable only if the walls are fully insulated from the outside or for internal load-bearing walls. Otherwise, there will be constant freezing of the wall in the zone of the armored belt. Next method This exactly eliminates this drawback.

Using U-blocks

In order to prevent significant heat loss at the junction of two different materials(reinforced belt concrete and gas silicate walls), use the so-called permanent formwork.

It is made from factory standard box-shaped U-blocks.

The reinforced belt is constructed as follows:

Apply to the top row of blocks glue mixture, on which U-blocks are installed with the void facing up.
Additional thermal insulation of the outer side of the wall is carried out by laying polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam or stone wool into the internal cavity.
A connected metal frame is laid, similar to the formwork method.
The concrete mixture is poured and compacted.

When installing an armored belt in this way, there is no need to install and dismantle the formwork, which has a positive effect on the speed of work. However, the cost of U-shaped blocks is much higher than that of wooden panels. You will also need to saw here aerated concrete material for formwork.

Combined method

On the outside of the wall, blocks 150 mm thick are laid on glue. And on the inside, formwork is constructed from wooden panels or OSB boards (pictured below), as in the first method.

Insulation

After installation of the formwork it is necessary to carry out insulation of the future seismic belt(unless comprehensive insulation of the house is provided on the outside of the walls). Insulation work is carried out using various thermal insulation materials:

For the Moscow region, an insulation thickness of 50 mm is sufficient. It must be cut into strips of size equal to height armored belt And install it inside the formwork from the side of the outer wall with the material tightly adjacent to each other. There is no need to fasten the insulation, since it will subsequently be pressed using the poured solution.

Reinforcement

The frame is made of four or more longitudinally located rods with a diameter of 10-14 mm (determined by the project). In cross section it should be square or rectangular in shape. The transverse reinforcement is attached to the main part of the frame using steel wire with a diameter of 6-8 mm, and is located in increments of 40-50 mm. The distance from the edge of the armored belt to the reinforcement is determined depending on the operating conditions of the building (values can be found in the normative documentation for reinforced concrete). The finished frame is placed in formwork and filled with concrete mixture.

Buy mortgages there and metal corners to strengthen the opening front door your house.

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Armobelt for the walls of a house made of aerated concrete

Often inexperienced, novice builders do not even know why they should pour on the walls of a one-story house reinforced concrete belt. And the need for its device lies in the following reasons:

Armored belt sizes

Monolithic is poured around the perimeter of the entire building, and its dimensions are tied to the width of the external and internal walls.

The height can be filled according to upper level aerated block or lower, but it is not recommended to raise it above 300 mm - it will be easy unjustified waste of material and increasing the load on the walls of the house.

The width of the armored belt for aerated concrete is made according to the width of the wall, but it may be a little narrower.

Concrete belt reinforcement

For reinforcement, metal or fiberglass reinforcement is used. Usually its cross-section does not exceed 12 mm. Most often, the reinforcement cage consists of four long rods that laid along the wall of the house. From these, using brackets from reinforcement of a smaller cross-section, a square or rectangular frame is formed. Long reinforcing bars, every 300 - 600 mm, are attached to the brackets with tying wire. It is not recommended to use welding to connect them in the frame because the metal at the point of penetration is weakened, and at the same time, corrosion may occur at this point.

The frame should not be allowed to come into contact with aerated concrete blocks. To do this, special plastic pads with a height of about 30 mm are placed under it. As a last resort, you can place separate pebbles of crushed stone.

Attention. To properly make a frame for a reinforced belt, it is recommended to use reinforcement only with a ribbed surface, which ensures rigid adhesion to concrete.

When can you do without an armored belt?

Pouring a reinforced belt to strengthen walls does not always make sense. Therefore, in order not to spend extra capital on purchasing materials, you should know in what cases you can do without a reinforced concrete belt:

The foundation is located on solid rock.
The walls of the house are built of brick.

It is also not necessary to pour a concrete belt over aerated concrete blocks if a wooden floor will rest on them. To unload the ceiling, under load-bearing beams ceiling, it will be enough to fill small supporting concrete platforms with a thickness of about 60 mm with concrete.

In other cases, when construction is carried out on peat bogs, clay, and other weak soils, it is necessary to make an armored belt. It is especially impossible to do without it when constructing walls made of aerated concrete, expanded clay and other large-cell blocks, which are fragile materials.

Gas blocks are practically incapable carry point loads and become covered with cracks at the slightest subsidence of the foundation or when the soil moves.

How to fill an armored belt with concrete correctly

When filling, the following rules must be observed:

Concrete placement must be completed in one continuous duty cycle. For a high-quality reinforced concrete belt, partially dried layers of concrete mass are unacceptable.
Air bubbles should not be allowed to remain in the concrete mass, which form pores and thereby reduce the strength of hardened concrete.

To prevent this from happening, freshly poured concrete must be compacted using an internal vibrator or a special attachment using a hammer drill. In extreme cases, it can be compacted with a tamper or a metal pin.

Types of belts and their functions

Reinforced concrete belts are poured to strengthen structures such as:

Sometimes when constructing small outbuildings it is used reinforced brick belt on aerated concrete walls. To do this, 4 or 5 rows are laid out on the walls, across its entire width. building bricks. Between the rows, in an armored belt made of bricks on walls made of aerated concrete, during the work process, a metal mesh welded from wire 4 - 5 mm thick with cells of 30 - 40 mm is laid on the mortar. Floor beams or a wooden Mauerlat can be placed on top to secure the roof.

Reinforced armored belt on aerated concrete

For the reinforced belt, which is poured over blocks of aerated concrete, concrete mortar grade M 200 is used. Load-bearing reinforcement with a cross-section of 12 mm is fastened in a frame with transverse square or rectangular clamps using knitting wire. Clamps are made from smooth reinforcement with a diameter of no more than 4-6 mm. The supporting reinforcement is overlapped with each other with an overlap of at least 150 mm and tied together with soft knitting wire.

The belt can be made without a three-dimensional frame of 4 reinforcing bars. Sometimes a flat frame of two rods is sufficient, which is assembled in almost the same way as a volumetric one. Only in this case, for transverse ligation, not clamps are used, but individual reinforcing bars.

The connected frame can be laid in wooden formwork, which is made from boards. You can also use aerated concrete blocks of the top row as formwork. But first you need to cut out the inside of them so that the block becomes something like a box without end walls. The blocks are stacked with the resulting shelves up, after which the frame is laid in them.

When laying the frame, you need to ensure that there is space between the reinforcement and the formwork walls, as well as the lower blocks. small space about 20 – 30 mm.

After bookmarking in reinforcement cage formwork, you can additionally make and attach to it the necessary embedded parts that will be needed to secure the Mauerlat or other elements from the house structure.

A separate reinforced belt is not made for a monolithic floor slab. The slab itself distributes almost all vertical loads evenly onto the walls, and at the same time it is the main stiffening rib for the house and connects almost all the walls of the building with each other, combining them into one spatial structure.

It would be ideal if it takes up the entire width of the wall. But this is usually done if on the facade side insulation will be installed, blocking the cold bridge that can form through concrete. But in the case where only plaster finishing is expected on the outside, its thickness will need to be reduced within 40 - 50 mm to lay foam plastic or other insulation.

To insulate the belt, you can also use thin (100 mm) partition blocks, which are installed and temporarily secured along the edge of the wall. A frame is laid between them and everything is filled with concrete. In this case, the partition blocks play the role of formwork and at the same time insulation.

Reinforced belt for wooden Mauerlat

Since aerated concrete blocks have a fragile porous structure, it will not be possible to firmly attach them to rafter system roofs of the house. Under the influence of wind, the fastenings will simply become loose over time and the roof may become deformed. And with a strong gusty wind, it can simply be blown away.

In addition, when the roof is loosened, when its fasteners are weakened, the upper rows of block masonry will also collapse over time. Therefore, a reinforced concrete belt is simply necessary for a strong connection between the roof and walls made of aerated concrete blocks.

The reinforced belt for mounting the Mauerlat can be smaller in width than its counterparts for the ceiling and foundation, since the vertical load on it is minimal. Therefore, to reinforce it, often to save money, a frame with two reinforcing bars is used.

To securely fasten the Mauerlat in the belt, even before pouring it, vertical anchors are installed male bolts, which together with the frame are filled with concrete. In this case, the thread rises above the concrete by approximately 200 - 250 mm.

To firmly fix the Mauerlat, they drill into it through holes, through which it is put on the anchors, after which it is firmly pressed to the concrete with nuts.

Eventually- properly made reinforced concrete belt will be able to provide a house built from aerated concrete blocks with high strength and durable operation. At the same time, it will be able to protect walls from deformation and cracks, maintain the strength of the roof and extend the service life of the house by 3-4 times.

Hello! The foundation is not buried. Partly - self-construction, but the path of construction was determined by a man who has been involved in foundations for more than 50 years, a professor at our University, an honored builder of the Republic of Karelia (and other regalia).
With normal soil, crushed stone of a large fraction was brought, in very large quantities, filled to a height of about 50-70 cm above the ground level, and in area protruding beyond the perimeter of the future foundation by a couple of meters on each side. Leveled. Then a large construction vibratory roller was found (it was working half a kilometer away at the site), which hammered this crushed stone for a couple of hours. To be honest, only the first “passes” of the vibratory roller apparently drilled through the crushed stone. After this, to level the horizon level, thin layer on top of the crushed stone there is sand. Next is waterproofing along the top, formwork and reinforcement. I knitted the reinforcement for the first time, myself. 14th reinforcement, along the perimeter and in the area of load-bearing walls (under the wall and a meter to the right and left) every 10 centimeters, the rest - 15 cm. Two planes at a distance of 30 centimeters from each other. They recommended knitting the reinforcement less frequently, and a thickness of 30 centimeters is sufficient. A foundation 12 by 12 meters took 5 tons of reinforcement, and with a thickness of 42 cm - 66 cubic meters of concrete grade 250. I understand that I may have over-laid the foundation a little, but that year I was looking for people to do foundation work. For the work they asked for 200 thousand rubles. and higher. I decided that it was better to invest this money in the foundation than in improving the well-being of strangers. During the two weeks of vacation, we slowly tied the reinforcement with the help of my father. I was confident in every detail. They filled it with imported concrete in 5 hours using a concrete pump at the Isuzu vehicle base. I plan to start laying the walls as soon as the snow melts; the bricks are already on the site. I will reinforce the walls conscientiously. Now I'm looking for decent masons. They have too many demands at the moment. They ask for 2800 rubles for rough masonry. per cube, and additional payments for every movement of the hand and turn of the head.
They push it under the slabs to make an armored belt 5 cm thick, with two thin reinforcement bars inside. It is clear that this, like an armored belt, is of little use. Just a leveling screed. It’s clear that you’ll have to do the screed this way, but is it worth bothering with a full-fledged armored belt 30-40 centimeters thick and appropriate reinforcement - THAT’S THE QUESTION! I would be grateful for any constructive advice. The fact is that with aerated concrete there would be no questions, I would definitely do it. And with bricks - it’s not clear yet. It seems that brick, as a material for load-bearing walls in private housing construction, has generally gone out of fashion. All are built exclusively from aerated concrete.