Interesting and entertaining facts about the Russian language (16 facts). An entertaining selection of facts about the Russian language

“Only a Russian man can look his beloved in the eyes, admire the eyes of the goddess, spit in the eyes of his neighbor and threaten to gouge out the eyes of his enemy.”

The Russian language is one of the most complex and rich languages in the world. It has a long history of development. However, like Russia itself.

Language is not a random collection of letters and words. It represents a system. We see the richness of the Russian language at all its levels, starting with sounds and ending complex sentences and entire texts. For example, in Russian, one of the few languages, there is a division of verbs into persons. This is not found in English and many other languages of the world.

The vocabulary of the Russian language contains enormous wealth. There are many words in it to denote not only feelings or actions, but even their shades.

A SELECTION OF THE MOST INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

Most words with the letter F in Russian are borrowed. Pushkin was proud that in “The Tale of Tsar Saltan” there was only one word with this letter - fleet.

There are only 74 words in the Russian language that begin with the letter Y. But most of us only remember iodine, yoga and Yoshkar-Ola.

There are words starting with Y in the Russian language. These are the names Russian cities and rivers: Ygyatta, Yllymakh, Ynakhsyt, Ynykchansky, Ytyk-kyyol.

The only words in the Russian language with three letters E in a row are long-necked (and others on the neck: for example, crooked-, short-).

In the Russian language there is a word with a unique prefix “ko” - nook.

The only word in the Russian language that does not have a root is take out. It is believed that this word contains the so-called zero root, which alternates with the root -im- (take out-im-at). Previously, until about the 17th century, this verb looked like take out, and it had a material root, the same as in remove, embrace, understand (cf. remove, embrace, understand), but later the root -nya- was reinterpreted as the suffix - well- (as in stick, blow).

The only one-syllable adjective in the Russian language is angry.

In the Russian language there are words with prefixes unique to the language and- (total, total) and a- (maybe; obsolete “and you won’t be lucky”), formed from the conjunctions “and” and “a”.

The words bull and bee have the same root. In works ancient Russian literature the word bee was written as bchela. The alternation of vowels ъ/ы is explained by the origin of both sounds from the same Indo-European sound u. If we recall the dialect verb to buzz, which has the meaning of “roar”, “buzz”, “buzz” and etymologically akin to words bee, bug and bull, then it becomes clear what it was like general meaning of these words.

Dahl suggested replacing foreign word atmosphere in Russian kolozemitsa or mirokolitsa.

Until the 14th century in Rus', all indecent words were called “absurd verbs.”

In the 1993 Guinness Book of Records, the longest word in the Russian language was named X-ray electrocardiographic; in the 2003 edition, it was named “excessively considerate.”

In the Grammar Dictionary of the Russian Language by A. A. Zaliznyak, 2003 edition, the longest (in letters) common noun lexeme in dictionary form is the adjective private entrepreneur. Consists of 25 letters.

The longest verbs are to re-examine, to substantiate and to internationalize (all - 24 letters; the word forms -уусиямїї and -вісті - 25 letters each).

The longest nouns are misanthropy and eminence (24 letters each; word forms -ami - 26 letters each, however, misanthropy is practically not used in the plural).

The longest animate nouns- an eleventh-grader and a clerk (21 letters each, word forms -ami - 23 letters each).

The longest adverb recorded by the dictionary is unsatisfactory (19 letters). However, it must be taken into account that the overwhelming majority of qualitative adjectives in -й / -й are formed into adverbs in -о / -е, which are not always recorded in the dictionary.

The longest interjection included in the Grammar Dictionary is fizkult-hello (15 or 14 letters depending on the status of the hyphen).

The word is accordingly the longest preposition. It consists of 14 letters. The longest particle is exclusively one letter shorter.

In Russian there are so-called insufficient verbs. Sometimes a verb does not have any form, and this is due to the laws of euphony. For example: win. He will win, you will win, I... will win? Shall I run? will I win? Philologists suggest using replacement constructions “I will win” or “I will become a winner.” Since there is no 1st person singular form, the verb is "insufficient".

To successfully master the difficult phrase “I love you,” the British use the mnemonic “yellow-blue bus.”

And yet, yes - in the Russian language there is a word with six consonant letters in a row, and even with only one vowel - vzbzdnil.

Could you tell us a little more about our language?

But we use what we have. So, we bring to your attention the most interesting facts about the Russian language.

An interesting fact is that the only word in the Russian language that does not have a root is the word “take out”. It is believed that in this word the so-called zero root, which alternates with the root -im- (take out-im-at).

Previously, until about the 18th century, this verb looked like take out, and it had a material root, the same as in take off, hug, understand(cf. shoot, hug, understand).

However, the root -nya- was subsequently reinterpreted as the suffix -nu- (as in put, blow).

Another unusual and interesting fact about the Russian language. The words “bull” and “bee” have the same root. Yes, yes, don't faint!

In works of ancient Russian literature, the word bee was written as “bychela”. The alternation of vowels ъ/ы is explained by the origin of both sounds from the same Indo-European sound u.

If you remember the dialect verb rumble, having the meaning of “roar”, “buzz”, “buzz” and is etymologically related to the words bee, bug and bull, it becomes clear what the general meaning of these words was.

Another interesting fact about the Russian language that you probably didn’t know. The longest nouns are “misanthropy” and “excellency” (24 letters each; word forms - 26 letters each).

Did you know that the longest adverb recorded in the Russian language dictionary is “unsatisfactory” (19 letters). Although it should be taken into account that the vast majority of qualitative adjectives in -й/-й are formed into adverbs in -о/-е, which are not always recorded in the dictionary.

And this is a very necessary and interesting fact. Experts in the Russian language probably already know it. In Russian there are so-called insufficient verbs.

Sometimes a verb does not have any form, and this is due to the laws of euphony. For example, the word “win”:

he will win
you will win,
I... – will I win? Shall I run? will I win?

Philologists suggest using the replacement constructions “I will win” or “I will become a winner.”

Since there is no 1st person singular form, the verb is "insufficient".

Now you know quite a few interesting facts about the great and mighty Russian language. If you have any questions, you can ask them in the comments.

We hope that our selection was useful to you.

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As they say, the Russian language is great and powerful. Today, many people no longer understand what they are writing, or rather, that they are making a lot of mistakes. But in vain. Still, when you communicate with someone by correspondence or on forums, it is much more pleasant to communicate with a person who does not make mistakes than with someone who wrote, “Hello. How are you? I’ll be free today at 9.” Agree that this is not a very pleasant read. But in general, we are not studying the rules of the Russian language here, but I would just like to give some very interesting and entertaining facts about words in the Russian language.

1. There are only a few words with three identical vowels in a row, namely long-necked (short-necked, tortuous) and snake-eater.

2 . The only one-syllable adjective in the Russian language is Zloy.

3. In Russian there are two different words- Indian (indigenous) and Indian (resident of India). But in almost all other languages these words are written and pronounced exactly the same.

4. The word "take out" has no root.

5. There are only three native Russian words that begin with the letter “A” - Az, Azbuka, Avos.

6. Previously, in Rus', obscene and indecent words were called “Ridiculous verbs.”

7. Many English people remember the sentence in Russian “I love you” thanks to three English words that sound similar - “Yellow Blue Bus”.

8. The longest recorded noun in the Russian language is “high excellency” (24 letters), an adverb is the word “unsatisfactory” (19 letters), the longest preposition is “accordingly” (14 letters), a particle is “exclusively” (13 letters), and the longest verb is “to be re-examined.”

9. Many people still argue about how to correctly pronounce the verb “Win” in the first person. Will I win? Or will I win? There are no such words, but philologists suggest replacing this word with “I will become a winner.”

10. Almost all words containing the letter “F” are borrowed. A.S. Pushkin was very proud that in his “The Tale of Tsar Saltan” the letter “F” appears in just one word - Fleet.

11. It is believed that there are no words starting with the letter “Y”. But that's not true. Many geographical names (cities, rivers) begin with this letter (Ygyatta, Yllymakh, Ynakhsyt).

12. Now many people do not attach importance to the letter “Ё”, but because of this trifle another word can turn out - case and case, donkey and donkey, everything and everything, sky and palate, perfect and perfect, etc.

13. There are no such words as “NO” and “THEY”.

14. The word “Umbrella” came to us from Holland initially in a diminutive form, and only later they began to use the simple word “Umbrella”.

15. The words “Dress” and “Put on” are two different words. They dress another person, but put it on themselves. To make it easier to remember, we came up with this short memo: “They put on Nadezhda, but they put on clothes.”

16. In Cyrillic, the letter “X” was pronounced as “Her”, which is where the word “poherit” came from, which meant “to cross out on paper”, and only later did this word acquire its modern meaning of “Lose”.

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Russian language has rich history, and there is nothing surprising in the fact that the Russian words that we have long been accustomed to actually once meant something completely different or were borrowed from other languages, and today we can only be amazed at how many interesting facts about Russian we still have we don't know.

The most interesting facts about the Russian language:

1. You will be surprised, but in the Russian language there are still words starting with the letter “Y”. This geographical names(Ytyk-kyyol, Ynakhsyt, Yllymakh, Ygyatta, Ynykchansky).

2. The word “negligence” does not come from the word “robe”, as many are accustomed to think, but from the word “khalad”, cold. That is, negligent attitude means cold.

3. A funny fact is that the word “doctor” was derived from the word “to lie,” but then this word had a slightly different meaning and meant “to speak, to know.”

4. Various sources provide different variants the longest words in the Russian language. However, in fact, the length of a Russian word is theoretically not limited at all due to the fact that, for example, the language has the prefix “pra” (great-great-great-grandfather, etc.) or due to the pronunciation of numerals (the numbers merge into one word - “sixty-sixty-six-year-old”, etc. .d.). In addition, the titles chemical elements also have an almost limitless length ("methylpropenylene dihydroxycinnamenylacrylic" (44 letters) acid)

However, here are a few examples of the longest words formed without the artificial addition of roots and prefixes:

In 2003, the Guinness Book of Records recorded the word “excessively considerate” (35 letters). In various dictionaries you can also find words such as: “private enterprise” (25 letters) or water-mud-peat-paraffin treatment (29 letters), etc.

According to some versions, the longest nouns are the words “misanthropy” and “excellency” (24 letters each).

The longest adjective according to dictionaries is “unsatisfactory” (19 letters).

The longest interjection according to the dictionary is “physical education-hello” (14 letters).

5. There is a version according to which the word “friend” comes from the word “another, stranger,” that is, it once had essentially the opposite meaning. However, most likely, the word came from the Old Slavonic “droug”, one or another form of which is found not only in the Russian language (“Bulgarian friend, Serbo-Croatian friend, Slovenian drȗg, Czech, Slovak druh, Old Polish drug And even in Lit. draũgas “companion, comrade”, Latvian draugs.”).

6. The only word in the Russian language that does not have a root is the word “take out”.

7. Once upon a time there were 49 letters in the Russian language, 5 of which were excluded by Cyril and Methodius, who did not find the corresponding sounds in Greek. Then Yaroslav the Wise, Peter I, Nicholas II reduced the Russian alphabet to 35 letters in total.

Russian is one of the ten most popular languages and is a working language at the UN. Foreigners complain that it is difficult to study, but they still learn, cram, and read literature. Language is not a thing frozen in time and space; it changes under the influence of life, has its own past and future. Well, over the centuries of the existence of the Russian language, many very interesting facts have accumulated.

1. A word that has lost its root.

In the Russian language there is only one word without a root. This word “take out” has undergone a transformation over the centuries, during which it has lost its root. As early as the early seventeenth century it was pronounced as "take out" and had a material root "nya". Nowadays it can be found in the words “remove”, “hug”. As the rules of the language developed, they changed the root to the suffix “well.” As a result, the word “take out” remained with one suffix.

2. Borrowed word "hooligan".

This is how you have to live your life in order to your name centuries later it became a household word all over the world and even entered the lexicon of a distant country? According to one version, the word “hooligan” became international at the very beginning of the twentieth century and then entered the Russian language. In 1922, the word was enshrined in law with an article of the Criminal Code on hooliganism. It all started either at the end of the eighteenth or at the very beginning of the nineteenth century. Near London lived a wild Irish family led by Patrick Hooligan, that was his last name. The family terrorized even the capital's residents; its representatives organized drinking parties and public brawls. The surname of the family first became entrenched in a negative quality in English speech, and then migrated to the international level.

3. An interesting fact in the Guinness Book of Records.

And there is such a thing, the staff of the Guinness Book of Records discovered the Russians spelling dictionaries and found the longest, in their opinion, Russian word. As a result, in 2003, the record holder was the thirty-five-letter word “overly considerate.” It was found in the work of the writer Nikolai Leskov, namely in the story “Hare Remiz”. The previous record belonged to the term “X-ray electrocardiographic”; thirty-three letters were counted in it and added to the list in 1993. And this despite the fact that in our language there is a name for a chemical ingredient consisting of fifty-five letters.

4. Ridiculous verbs.

“What a beauty! Lepota! - says Ivan Vasilyevich, admiring twentieth-century Moscow from the balcony. The word "beauty" meant both "beauty" and "splendor", and, accordingly, had the antonym "ridiculous". Philologists claim that in the language, according to one version, before the seventeenth, according to another, even before the nineteenth century, the concept of “absurd verbs” existed. At first glance it seems that these are some strange verbs, but in fact all the words were meant. And nouns, and adjectives, and verbs, and other derivatives that had an obscene connotation. That is, all swear words were bashfully called “ridiculous verbs.”

5. It’s an honor to be a woman!

In the modern interpretation of the Russian language, the word “baba” has acquired a negative connotation, turning into jargon. Although in ancient times it was an honorary title for a respected woman-mother. They said about the woman who gave birth that she “got crazy” - she became the baby’s mother, that is, a “woman.” And when this woman’s children had children of their own, she switched to new level becoming a "grandmother". The syllable “ba” meant “life” and “gate of life”; the names of mother and grandmother meant the successors of the family.

6. Foreign letter.

Scientists consider the letter “f” to be borrowed from other languages, and immediately with words. Such a sound was not found in Slavic words. Pushkin himself rarely used the letter; in some fairy tales you can only find the word “fleet”. At the beginning of the eighteenth century, the Russian alphabet included this foreign beech and its analogue, fita. Peter I, carrying out language reforms, abolished the letter “f”, leaving only fita. After the revolution, the alphabet was changed again and here they did the opposite: they removed the fita, replacing it with the letter “f”.

7. Amazing sign.

Mikhail Lomonosov used this “term” to call the exclamation mark we are used to. The scientist left a description of it in his work “Russian Grammar”; there are also basic rules for using punctuation marks. The exclamation mark has a very respectable age; Meletiy Smotritsky wrote about it at the beginning of the seventeenth century; in a grammar dating back to the eighteenth century, the use of the mark was explained by the teacher Vasily Adodurov. IN Church Slavonic language and in ancient Slavic texts it was called “amazing”.

8. The youngest letter.

The need to somehow display the formed sound in writing appeared at the beginning of the eighteenth century. At first they tried to introduce the cumbersome “IO” design, but it didn’t take root. In the fall of 1783, Princess Dashkova invited learned men to write the word “Christmas tree.” The result of the experiment was the recognition of the need for the letter and “е” and its official implementation on November 18, 1783. Derzhavin began to introduce the letter, and the historian Karamzin made it popular.

9. “Shameful” euphemisms.

There are a lot of “indecent” and “taboo” words in the Russian language; it’s not customary to pronounce them in polite society, but there’s no way around it. So people have been coming up with, or borrowing from other languages, more decent options for centuries. Vivid examples in the Russian language there has become a centuries-old chain of designations for a latrine. Initially it was a “outhouse”. The eighteenth century brought Russia a hobby French Consequently, everyone began to visit the “toilet” (the courtiers, regarding a sensitive topic, said: “I need to go out” - the word “go out” is translated as “toilet”). At one time, the expressions “retired” and “latrina” were used, later the more familiar “restroom” and “toilet” appeared. IN modern world we focus on signs with the inscriptions “WC”, “00”, “M” or “F”.

10. Roomy sign.

Another gift from Mikhail Lomonosov from his book “Russian Grammar”, we know this punctuation mark as parentheses. Lomonosov praised parentheses, believing that they could accommodate a brief thought without requiring the writing of a huge text. Brackets came into the Russian language long before the birth of the great scientist. Mention of them can be found in the book of Meletius Smotritsky.