How to translate Hyundai from Arabic into Russian. Hyundai history: how the Koreans surprised the whole world
Looking at text written in Korean, you and I might think that the coding in Word has gone crazy or that the computer has been taken over by aliens. But people who know the Korean language see the letters that make up words. It is letters, not hieroglyphs, that are a very important fact, which ultimately explains all the problems associated with Korean words.
The history of the life of Korean words in the Russian language is full of truly Shakespearean drama. Until about the middle of the twentieth century, the situation was completely sad: there were (and still are) many different dialects, there were few professional translators and Korean historians, and there was no scientific standardized system for transmitting Korean names and titles at all. This resulted in terrible confusion and variability in the transmission of certain names and titles. For example, such a well-known surname in Russia as Tsoi can be pronounced both as Tskhoi, and generally as Choi. And the famous North Korean leader Kim Il Sung is actually Kim Il-sung. Not bad, right?
In the middle of the last century, Alexander Alekseevich Kholodovich, a respected Soviet linguist and orientalist, undertook to correct the situation. For Korean scholars, Kholodovich, in fact, played the same role as for Japanese scholars, namely, he finally brought order and developed a system for writing Korean words in Russian. Later, on its basis, a Russian-Korean practical transcription was formed, in the development of which linguists such as Lev Rafailovich Kontsevich and Yuri Nikolaevich Mazur took an important part (in case you are seriously interested in this topic, you simply need to know all these names).
The name of one of the most popular cars in Russia must be pronounced correctly! By the way, "Solaris" or "Solaris"? Okay, it’s not time for that yet - we’d better sort it out with Hyundai!
We will not go into detail about the patterns of transmission of Korean words in Russian - believe me, this is not the case when everything can be explained easily in two paragraphs. It is important to know that after the advent of the system, everything more or less really settled down... until the English language intervened ().
How? It's simple. At the end of the last century, South Korean companies began to vigorously and confidently enter the world market, bombing the planet with washing machines, VCRs and cars. Well, to take over the world you can’t do without the “international” English language, which is why Korean names were dubbed into English.
This is where the catch lies! Now the main thing is not to get confused: Kholodovich and his colleagues proposed a system for transmitting more or less accurate pronunciation of Korean words in Russian. But the system adopted for the English language was tailored to convey the spelling of a Korean word, letter by letter - the alphabet, as we said at the very beginning, is in the Korean language! That is, for the English language they simply took and transliterated the Korean name, one letter after another, and got the word Hyundai. It just doesn't read the way it is written. Our expert today, translator and journalist Alena Packer, will explain in more detail.
The name of the Hyundai corporation, of course, correctly sounds like “Hyundai”. The incorrect pronunciation, oddly enough, came from the company itself when it entered the Russian market. It is very important to note that it is the pronunciation that is incorrect, not the spelling of the word Hyundai. The fact is that in the Korean language there are diphthongs (complex two-vowel sounds). The logic of constructing a diphthong is not always easy to understand. This is exactly the diphthong “e” at the end of the word “Hyundai”. It is read as “e”, but consists and is written of two vowels “a” and “y”. Thus, today we have "Hyundai", not "Hyundai". A few years later, after the company had achieved success in the Russian market (and in the world), the company’s management suddenly realized that the ending of the name - “dai” (consonant with die, that is, “to die” in English) - was not very fits in with the automobile business. And Hyundai started the Anneng Hyundai (안녕 현대) project to correct the pronunciation of its name with the participation of Korean students around the world.
Alena Packer, translator, journalist
Conspiracy theory: what if the brand's expensive models were brought into a separate Genesis brand just so that their owners would not puzzle over the pronunciation of the name?..
Something very vaguely similar can be found in the Russian language (to make it easier to understand the logic): for example, in the word “sun” we write the letter “l”, but do not pronounce it. An even better example is the French language with all its "Peugeots" and "".
Well, then everything is simple: buyers read the name in English, not in Korean, and pronounced it as it is written - “Hyundai”. Then the word went among the people and took root in different versions - both “Hyundai” and “Hyundai”. That is, the combination of letters yu still raised doubts, but with the final ai, everything seemed obvious.
This whole mess with transliteration is a topic for a separate, complex conversation. TASS correspondent in Seoul Stanislav Varivoda, for example, gives one very curious example for a Russian-speaking person. One of the avenues in Seoul is called 내부 (“Nebu”), and this name is written in Latin as Naebu... And on the website of the South Korean parliament, according to Stanislav, the same surname Chon can be found in five (!) different versions in Latin: Chon, Jeon, Jeong, Joong, Cheong.
By the way, about the Anneng Hyundai project, which Alena mentions. Here is a short video in which Korean students interact with passers-by and teach everyone to correctly pronounce the word Hyundai. To make you completely confused, the events are developing in Turkey, the voiceover comments on what is happening on the screen in Turkish. But don't panic! Just rewind to 11 seconds - the most important thing begins there.
Hyundai H 1 ... Wikipedia
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Hyundai H-1- is a name used by Hyundai Motor Company in European manufactures and export markets for three related models:* Hyundai Starex, (called H 200 in the Netherlands) a minibus/van * Hyundai Satellite, a minibus/van * Hyundai i800, a minibus /van *… …Wikipedia
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Hyundai- Logo de Hyundai Création Le 29 December 1967 Fondateurs Chung Ju yung … Wikipédia en Français
Hyundai- Para la marca de coches del grupo Hyundai, véase Hyundai Motor Company. Hyundai 현대 Tipo Grupo de empresas Fundación 1947 Sede … Wikipedia Español
Hyundai XG
Hyundai xg- In diesem Artikel oder Abschnitt fehlen folgende wichtige Informationen: Textlicher Ausbau der 1. und 2. Generation, 3. und 4. sprachlich glätten Du kannst Wikipedia helfen, indem du sie recherchierst und einfügst … Deutsch Wikipedia
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Hyundai- Koreanische Schreibweise koreanisches Alphabet: 현대 chinesische Schriftzeichen: 現代 Revidierte Romanisierung: Hyeondae McCune Reischauer: Hyŏndae Hyundai [ … Deutsch Wikipedia
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Each wheeled and crawler excavator and other types of construction equipment produced by the Korean corporation Hyundai Heavy Industries bear the inscription HYUNDAI on their sides.
And not only on the sides, but also on counterweights and booms, symbolizing a brand with reliable, productive construction equipment. In Korean, the word Hyundai is written like this: 현대, it’s quite simple. And the translation of the meaning - “modernity” (“in step with the times”, “new time”) is also simple. But how to pronounce and write in Russian correctly?
Translation from one language to another from different language groups is already associated with big problems, but when translating through a language, expect misunderstandings and discrepancies. Moreover, for Korean phonemes there are not always similar sounding analogues in the Cyrillic or Latin alphabet.
There are many variations for the word Hyundai:
"Hyundai"
"Hyundai"
"Hyundai"
Hyundai
Hyundai
"Hyundai"
"Honday"
Hyundai
The correct word is "Hyundai", with the emphasis on the last syllable. In writing, it is best to use the original brand name - Hyundai.
The Korean company was founded in 1967. The holding has existed for almost half a century, during which it has gone from producing licensed cars under a contract with Ford to creating many lines that are in demand all over the world. Hyundai have become the authors of many technologies that are actively used in the automotive industry, such as the world's first eight-speed transmission in a rear-wheel drive car. In the near future, they aim to create environmentally friendly diesel engines.
"Hyundai" is translated from Korean as "modernity". The company's motto is the phrase “New thinking, new possibilities.”
Hyundai Motor began as a division of the large technology company Hyundai Engineering and Constructions (now known as Hyundai Construction Co., Ltd), which was engaged in the construction of real estate, and later grew into a retail chain, a mining company, a manufacturer of building materials and, of course, cars. In the sixties of the twentieth century, South Korea was aimed at a national economic breakthrough, for which the state government instructed the four largest manufacturing concerns to organize the production of cars, bringing the production rate to 50,000 units per year by 1980.
Biography of the company's founder
The founder of Hyundai Construction Co., Ltd, and later Hyundai Motor, Jung Ju-yong, was born in the village of Asan, now located in North Korea, in 1915. Despite the difficult situation in the family, he, being the eldest son, was still able to receive a primary education.
At the age of 16, wanting a better life, Jung Ju-yeon sells his father's cow, using the proceeds to go to Seoul. His first jobs were the construction of a railway, a ship port and the accounting department as an assistant. The Korean founded his first business in 1938, opening a store selling rice. Due to Japanese occupation forces, he had to close the store after a year.
After the end of the war, Chung Ju Yong began repairing trucks, working for the American military. He later made another entrepreneurial attempt by founding the Hyundai Construcnion that is known today. The company was engaged in construction and engineering, and the staff included 11 workers. The creator's younger brother contributed to the development of the company by finding customers from the USA thanks to his good knowledge of English. If not for him, the company might not have received proper development - their activities in their native Korea were poorly paid.
Hyundai Construcnion is a renowned company in the field of construction and engineering. Park Jong Chi came to power in South Korea. This president adhered to authoritarian policies, but was determined to carry out beneficial economic reforms. So, he chose a leading company in each manufacturing industry, which he provided support from the state - financial and other assistance.
The creator of Hyundai, having learned about the ongoing competition, received an order from the President of Korea to restore a bridge destroyed by the war in Seoul. Despite the fact that the project turned out to be unprofitable for the company, the initiative of Chong Ju Yong brought it to completion ahead of schedule, which attracted the attention of the ruler. Hyundai became one of the main exporters, whose responsibilities included providing construction services, first in neighboring countries, and then throughout Asia.
The company's capital grew rapidly, and the number of areas that Hyundai was involved in was increasingly developed. So, during the automobile revolution, the company opened a representative office in Seoul in 1967. The goal was to increase the number in the state, but since Hyundai did not have their own experience in creating cars, they were forced to turn to other concerns in search of a partner with whom the vehicles would be produced under license in Korea.
Early history, Hyundai Motor's first car
The plant with which the contract was concluded was Ford Motor. In 1967, the Hyundai plant began assembling the Cortina and Granada models.
The company believed that it would be able to design its own car model, thereby developing the domestic Korean mechanical engineering market and abandoning the terms of the partnership with Ford, since products under their leadership were selling worse and worse. Engineers from Korea, Japan and England, as well as the ItalDesign agency, participated in the creation of the first model. The car was named Hyundai Pony. Thus, in the wake of the boom in vehicle production, the company, previously involved in real estate and ships, became the founder of the Korean car market.
The Pony model was released in 1975, which immediately resulted in high sales and general satisfaction among the Korean people. A subcompact car with a volume of 1.3 liters, targeting the working class of citizens.
Hyundai began to export their successful achievement to Egypt, Colombia, Chile, Argentina and other countries. In 1982, the second version of the Pony was released, which began to be sold in the UK, thereby becoming the first Korean car to conquer this market. In 1983, deliveries were planned to Canada and the United States, but the latter rejected the offer, citing high emissions of harmful substances from the exhaust gases. By 1985, more than a million Hyundai Pony had been created.
Further history of the company
Inspired by the success, the concern began developing the Excel model. This car became Hyundai's ticket to America, where it was included in the top ten best cars. One of the strengths of the model was its accessibility - like the previous one, it was aimed at the middle class of drivers. The model received a four-door sedan, three- and five-door hatchback configuration. It had a four-cylinder engine and was driven by a choice of manual or automatic transmission. In addition to what was relevant for Korea, the car had different names in the country's markets - Presto, Pony and Pony Excel. In the first year, sales reached 160,000 copies.
Wanting to continue development, Hyundai launched production of a new model - Sonata. The company designed and produced it independently, refusing the support of foreign partners. The first configuration lasted on the market for two years, after which it was withdrawn from sales due to the abundance of negative reviews from car enthusiasts. The second generation came out taking into account all the complaints and suggestions, and many drivers forgot about the previous one, considering it the first. Initially, the Sonata was considered as a competitor to the Daewoo Royal. The model was equipped with cruise control, power brakes and electric drive. On the Korean market it was sold in Super and Luxury trim levels.
In 1989, the company created the first engine using its own drawings. It had a volume of one and a half liters and the name Alpha. Further versions were also called with Latin letters - Beta, Gamma and so on.
Hyundai has developed its own engine A new round of development
The spring of 1990 became a significant date for Hyundai - the total number of their products exceeded 4,000,000 units produced. The company achieved final technological independence in 1991, releasing its own transmission. Sales were boosted by a 10-year/10,000-mile warranty, which was especially popular with Americans.
The next Hyundai model was the Galloper SUV. It was designed on the basis of the Mitsubishi Pajero in 1991. There were two configurations - three- and five-door, which were based on a three-liter engine with six cylinders and 141 hp. With.
In 1992, Hyundai expanded their market with the HCD-I concept car. The model served as an example of concept cars in Korea. This model, like its successor HCD-II, was aimed at those buyers who were not willing to overpay for prestigious European cars.
In 1995, the Accent (known as the Verna in some markets) was released. Later it became the basis for Solaris, which was produced on the Russian market. The Accent acted as a replacement for the Excel, also having a sedan and a three- and five-door hatchback in the list of trim levels. There were a choice of 1.3 or 1.5 liter engines and four- and five-speed automatic and manual transmissions. Simplicity of execution, pleasant appearance and affordable price allowed the car to conquer the world market, including the Russian one. The model has received many updates.
In 1996, a Hyundai representative office was opened in India, called Hyundai Motor India Limited. That same year, the company introduced a new three-door liftback, the Hyundai Coupe, which was known as the Tiburon, Tuscani and Turbulence. Aimed at the North American market, the model received 1.6 and 1.8-liter engines, among which the maximum power was 130 hp. With.
Working on the company's image
That same year, the Korean firm KIA failed, going bankrupt during the financial crisis. Hyundai bought the production.
In 1999, the Santa Fe SUV was introduced. It was equipped with a 2.7 and 3.5-liter six-cylinder engine with a capacity of 173 and 200 hp. With. respectively, or a two-liter diesel engine.
Hyundai in Russia
In 2007, a Hyundai representative office in Russia was founded. "Hyundai Motor CIS" (CIS division). At the moment there are more than 140 dealerships. In the first year of operation in the new market, the company's sales doubled. At the same time, construction of a plant in St. Petersburg began.
In 2010, a model created specifically for Russia was released. Solaris is a subcompact car that has a range of engines with a volume of 1.4 and 1.6 liters, where the most powerful has 123 hp. With. The gearbox has variations of 4 automatic transmissions and 5 manual transmissions. The body was made in the sedan and five-door hatchback classes.
The TagAZ plant in Taganrog produces Hyundai buses. From 2001 to 2010, Accent, Sonata, Elantra, Santa Fe and Porter trucks were also assembled there.
In June 2013, 4,676 crossovers were sold in Russia. This figure was a record for this class of cars. The most popular model can be considered Solaris, which has held its position since its appearance on our market, being the leader in sales of foreign cars in general.
Hyundai lines
A number of models released to this day:
- Getz;
- Elantra;
- Coupe;
- Grandeur;
- Tucson;
- Santa Fe;
- Matrix;
- Sonata;
- Genesis.
The most notable among them are: Getz, also known as Click, which became Hyundai's first hybrid; ix35 Fuel Cell, consuming hydrogen fuel and the Sonata Electric Vehicle.
Conclusion
In less than 50 years of existence, the company has managed to develop from the level of a small plant assembling Ford equipment to the world's largest car manufacturer and the official state brand of Korea. The company's exports now cover 193 countries, including North America, India, China and Russia. In addition to passenger cars, Hyundai Motor creates buses, components and power units.
The company assesses its activities as promising, working to expand the lines and configurations of cars. Modern models have made a real breakthrough in Europe, occupying a significant part of the market.