How to grow rhubarb from seeds: tasty and healthy! Rhubarb, rules for growing and harvesting. The best varieties of edible stems

Rhubarb is a leafy perennial cold-resistant and frost-resistant vegetable crop, belonging to the spinach family of plants that produce early greens, which can be used both raw and cooked. Rhubarb petioles are tall taste qualities, when cooked, they acquire the taste of apples (after all, rhubarb contains not only oxalic, citric, but malic acids). The peculiarity of growing rhubarb is that it is not only frost-resistant, but also tolerates shading, high temperatures and even drought, so it is good to cultivate in the Urals. Today you will learn about the agricultural technology for growing rhubarb, which allows me to grow excellent harvest.

Soil for rhubarb

In one place, rhubarb grows for up to 12 years, so it prefers fertile, light sandy loam or loamy deeply (up to 70 centimeters) cultivated, but not waterlogged soils.

When planting rhubarb at the root, be sure to add compost or humus (5 kg/m2 is enough) and 40 grams of a fertilizer mixture, which can be replaced with superphosphate (20 g/m2) and potassium chloride (25 grams), all mixed very thoroughly with the soil.

Rhubarb planting time

Rhubarb can be propagated by seeds or by dividing the rhizome. The time of planting depends on the chosen method of rhubarb propagation.

When planting seedlings, pay attention to the fact that the apical bud remains at the level of the soil surface as the ground settles. If the bud is buried, it will rot and the plant will die; if the bud is high, it will dry out and the plant will also die.

Growing seedlings is quite a labor-intensive task, so I prefer to grow rhubarb by dividing the bush. On my site, rhubarb appeared as a result of dividing the rhizome.

If you want to get a rhubarb harvest the next year after planting, then do not buy plants sold in garden centers in pots - their development will take more than one year. It’s better to ask a gardener you know for a piece of young rhizome with 1-2 buds from an adult 4-5 year old plant. If you take a rhizome from an old plant, it will quickly bloom and will not produce leaves; all its strength will go into color.

For planting, it is better to use the side parts of the rhizome; they do not contain flowering buds, so the harvest will be larger.

It is better to plant this rhizome in the garden (outside the crop rotation) in May or August. Plant according to a 70 by 70 pattern, but you don’t need many plants. By the way, one or two bushes are enough for one family.

The first time after planting rhubarb, the free space between the bushes can be used: plant spinach, kohlrabi, and various salads.

Rhubarb care

Every year in early spring rhubarb must be fed with slurry (to one part of manure, 8 parts of water) or bird droppings (to one part, 20 parts of water) and an ash solution (a half-liter jar of ash per bucket of water).

In the absence of organic fertilizers, mineral fertilizers are added: urea (10 grams/m2), superphosphate (30 grams/m2) and calcium chloride (20 grams/m2).

In hot weather, rhubarb needs abundant watering (2-3 liters at the root), but rhubarb does not tolerate stagnation of water in the soil and can rot.

Every year it is necessary to add humus between the rows, this will protect the roots and buds of the rhubarb from exposure.

Before the onset of frost, it is better to cover the roots with compost, grass, peat, leaves, sawdust, and straw.

Rhubarb harvest

To maintain the strength of the bush in the first year, when harvesting, you need to leave 20-25% of the leaves, and in the future it is better to collect the petioles regularly to prevent the plant from flowering, which greatly depletes the bush and reduces its yield.

During the season, the petioles are harvested 3-4 times when they reach a length of 20-30 centimeters. Collection by petiole stops two months before the end of the growing season.

When harvesting, it is better not to cut off the leaves, but to carefully break them off at the very base, slightly twisting the leaf from side to side - just like flower arrows, so as not to weaken the plant.

Ogre (mid-season, high-yielding, resistant to bolting), Victoria (early ripening, but prone to flowering), Moskovsky (productive).

Today I talked about growing rhubarb, I wish everyone excellent harvests.

Rhubarb – perennial herbaceous plant, belonging to the buckwheat family, with a powerful rhizome and large leaves, located on thick and long petioles. The petioles grow up to 80 cm in length and up to 4 cm in thickness, their weight can reach up to 1 kg. In this article we will talk about the rules for growing and harvesting rhubarb.

The best varieties of edible stems

Growing rhubarb on the site is not limited to just one variety of this plant. When choosing a variety, you need to pay attention to the ripening time and color. Green petioles are used for making puree and cabbage soup, and red petioles are used for cooking jelly and compote.

Did you know? According to preserved data dating back to 2700 B.C. BC, healers from Ancient China considered the rhubarb plant to be healing. Dried rhubarb root was used as an antipyretic, laxative and body cleanser.

The most famous varieties are:

"Victoria"– early ripening and productive variety. The length of the petioles is slightly more than 60 cm. The disadvantage of this variety is abundant flowering. The advantage is the excellent taste of this variety of rhubarb, which makes its use universal.

"Robin"– early ripening variety (first harvest 30 days after spring regrowth). The length of the petioles is from 30 to 44 cm. This variety of rhubarb has an average shoot-forming ability.

"Obskoy"– mid-early variety (harvest 60-69 days after germination). The length of the petioles is 22-23 cm. This variety is cold-resistant, but does not tolerate drought.

"Stubborn"– early ripening variety (harvest 41-44 days after spring regrowth). The length of the petioles is 49-55 cm. This variety is not prone to abundant flowering.

Climatic conditions for rhubarb

The rhubarb plant is unpretentious, tolerates different climatic conditions (cold, drought), can grow in the shade, and is resistant to pests and diseases.

Important! In one place, rhubarb grows for a very long time and produces a harvest - 15 years or more.

root system

nutrients

How to plant rhubarb correctly

Plant rhubarb on personal plot can be done using two methods: vegetative (transplanting and dividing rhubarb bushes in the spring) and seeds (through seedlings).

Did you know? In ancient times, rhubarb buds were considered a delicacy, and in northern Asia they are still eaten today. The birthplace of garden rhubarb is considered Ancient China, the first records date back to the 27th century. BC. (entries in herbalists).

Many novice agronomists ask the question, “How to properly plant rhubarb from seeds?” First, you need to soak the seeds in water until they swell, then germinate them under damp gauze or burlap. When white sprouts (1-2 mm long) emerge from the seeds, the seeds must be dried until they flow and then sown.

Sowing must be done in late April - early May using the row method.(distance between rows 25 cm). The seeds are planted to a depth of 2-3 cm. When 1-2 leaves grow on the seedlings, they are thinned out (the rhubarb should be left in rows at a distance of 20 cm). Subsequently, the grown rhubarb seedlings are weeded, loosened, fed with fertilizers and watered.

By autumn, the seedlings grow to 20-30 cm and have 3-4 well-developed leaves. Overwintered rhubarb seedlings need to be dug up for planting in early spring. Roots or sections of rhizomes with buds (just starting to grow) are planted in the holes using a shovel (at a distance of 100 by 80 cm or 100 by 100 cm). When planting is late, the leaves of the plant (strongly developed) must be removed. During planting, the rhubarb root is pressed tightly with soil, and the bud is covered with soil by no more than 1-2 cm (if the soil is not wet enough, it is watered when planting).

Vegetative method

Sometimes, novice agronomists ask themselves another question: “How to grow a plant vegetatively?” With this method of propagation, rhubarb bushes are dug up in early spring. Their root system is divided into parts with a knife (each part should have 1 - 2 growth buds with roots). One root system produces 5-10 planting roots. Divided root systems should be planted immediately.

Caring for rhubarb - fertilizing, watering, weeding and replanting

Caring for rhubarb involves weeding, watering, loosening the rows and removing flower shoots, as well as fertilizing and replanting. Once a season, rhubarb should be fertilized (mineral and organic compounds). When peduncles appear on rhubarb, they also need to be removed (peduncles draw all useful and nutrients from the plant). In the fall, you should remove all rhubarb plants with weak, thin and short petioles, and cut off almost the entire vegetative part of healthy ones.

Replanting rhubarb is quite difficult, due to its highly developed root system and large size bush. It is preferable to do this in early spring, before the above-ground part has grown back. But it is better, nevertheless, to propagate the rhubarb root system vegetatively.

Harvesting rules

The rhubarb harvest must begin in the second year (if planted vegetatively) or in the third year (if planted through seeds). When the roots reach a length of 25-30 cm, they can be cut off(for the first time - 3-4 sheets). You can cut it every 10-12 days. more leaves(but there should be 3-4 leaves left on the plant after cutting). In most cases, rhubarb is cut 3-4 times.

Our grandmothers, growing garden strawberries, or strawberries, as we used to call them, did not particularly worry about mulching. But today this agricultural technique has become fundamental in achieving High Quality berries and reducing crop losses. Some might say it's a hassle. But practice shows that labor costs in this case pay off handsomely. In this article we invite you to get acquainted with the nine the best materials for mulching garden strawberries.

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Rhubarb, a plant of the Buckwheat family, brought from Central Asia, has long been one of the most early sources vitamins concentrated in the fleshy petioles of the crop, colored red or depending on the variety green color. Due to its valuable nutritional characteristics, rhubarb is widely used in cooking for preparing first courses, vegetable purees, drinks and even filling for pies. IN folk medicine the culture is highly valued for its choleretic, antiemetic, laxative and diuretic properties. In addition, eating rhubarb can successfully solve the problems of seasonal vitamin deficiency and lack of appetite.

It is customary to propagate rhubarb by seed and vegetative ways, both of which are highly effective and widely used by practicing gardeners. The crop is grown from seeds during initial planting or breeding new varieties. The vegetative propagation method is suitable for rejuvenating and expanding existing plantings healthy vegetable. Low-maintenance rhubarb grows well and produces high yields in temperate climate, due to which it is in demand as garden crops. To avoid mistakes, before planting, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the basic rules for cultivating rhubarb.

Selecting and preparing a seat

As a perennial crop, rhubarb can grow and produce good harvests in one place for up to 10 years, so for planting it it is necessary to choose well-moistened areas with a deep fertile layer and good aeration.

The planting area begins to be cultivated in late autumn - the area is dug up with a spade, generously filling the soil with organic matter (2-3 buckets of manure, peat or humus are added for each m2). Acidified soil is alkalized by adding slaked lime or dolomite flour. Repeated treatment is carried out in early spring: the soil is intensively loosened with a garden fork or rake. At this time it is recommended to add mineral supplements(30 g of urea, 60 g of superphosphate and 30 g of potassium chloride for each m?).

Growing from seeds

With the seed propagation method, in the first season of growth, active growth and filling of the vegetative mass of seedlings occurs. Harvesting can only be done in the second year of plant life, since premature breaking of petioles can seriously weaken an underdeveloped bush.

Sowing seeds for seedlings is carried out in several stages:

The seed material is soaked until it swells in several layers of damp gauze, which must be periodically moistened to prevent it from drying out.
Sprouted seeds with white sprouts 1–2 mm long are dried to a free-flowing state.
The sprouted seeds are sown in grooves formed on the loosened soil surface to a depth of 2–3 cm with the obligatory addition of warm, settled water. For every m? About 3–4 g of seed material is consumed per planting area.
Friendly shoots of rhubarb appear 4–5 days after sowing. At the stage of formation of the first pair of true leaves, the seedlings are thinned out, leaving 20–25 cm of free space between the plants, necessary for their proper development.
During the growing period, caring for rhubarb seedlings consists of regular watering, loosening and weeding of the soil, timely application of minerals and organic fertilizers. IN favorable conditions on every m? By autumn, each planting site produces 15–20 strong, well-developed bushes with 3–4 formed leaf blades.

Overwintered plants are dug up in early spring for transfer to permanent place growth. The bushes are transplanted into shallow holes, pressing them tightly with soil, according to the 100? 100 cm. Do not cover during transplantation apical bud soil by more than 1–2 cm. If the soil moisture is insufficient, it is recommended to water the plants moderately after completing the procedure.

Vegetative method of propagation

To propagate rhubarb by dividing the bush ( vegetative propagation) in the spring, several adult (4–5 years old) healthy plants are noted, which are dug up shortly before transplantation and, using a sharp knife, their rhizomes are divided into 5–10 parts. Each seedling must have at least 1–2 growth buds. It is not recommended to choose old rhubarb bushes for division, which quickly bloom after transplantation, which negatively affects the consumer characteristics of the crop.

Delenki are planted in holes measuring 60? 60? 60 cm, at the bottom of which a handful of compost or humus is first added. The seedlings are pressed tightly with soil, leaving a growth bud on the surface. To speed up the rooting process, the soil under the plantings is moistened abundantly during the first week. Considering the impressive size of adult rhubarb, when transplanting, it is recommended to leave a free area around it - approximately 100? 150 cm. Optimal time to carry out the division procedure - early spring or mid-autumn.

Features of care

To obtain high-quality, tasty and juicy petioles, plantings require the following measures:

Timely watering – rhubarb bushes are watered regularly and abundantly, preventing the soil from drying out. During the growing season, the irrigation rate is at least 20 liters per square meter. Due to lack of moisture, rhubarb stems become coarser, become fibrous and lack juiciness.
Weeding and loosening - the root zone and row spacing are periodically cleared of weeds and the soil under the bushes is fluffed up, ensuring a free flow of oxygen to their root system.
Fertilizing - every 3-4 years in the fall, 1-2 buckets of organic matter are added to the rows between the plants for each square meter. In early spring, mineral fertilizing is carried out.
Pruning - from the second year of growth, it is necessary to cut out the uterine stems of rhubarb, which greatly weaken the plants. The flower shoots of the crop are also subject to removal.
Protection from pests and diseases - most often, rhubarb bushes are attacked by buckwheat flea, rhubarb elephant and rhubarb bug. Of the diseases, the greatest danger to the crop is ascochyta blight (spotting) and gray mold. It is important to remember that you can treat a plant with chemicals only after harvesting the last harvest for the current season.

Bushes provided with proper care grow well and quickly reach consumer maturity.

Harvesting Rules

Rhubarb harvesting begins at the end of March - beginning of April from the second year of plant growth. Petioles with a diameter of at least 1.5 cm are twisted at the base of the bush and freed from leaves, the length of which at the time of harvesting should be 25–30 cm. During the current season, petioles are collected several times, stopping their selection 45–60 days before the end of the growing season, in order to have time to restore the supply of nutrients in the rhizomes of the bushes necessary for a successful wintering. Red-cut rhubarb is used to prepare vitamin-rich desserts (mousses, jellies, jams, baking fillings) and drinks (jelly, compote, kvass); green-cut rhubarb is suitable as a base for dishes such as green cabbage soup, vegetable stews and purees. In the first 2–3 years of the crop’s life, up to 1.5–2.5 kg of nutritious fleshy petioles can be collected from one plant. Subsequently, the yield of an adult bush is up to 6 kg per season.

Rhubarb is a very nutritious and tasty plant, unpretentious to growing conditions. With proper care, rhubarb can grow for many years and produce an excellent harvest. Due to its specific growth characteristics, rhubarb can be grown almost all year round and, accordingly, you can enjoy the fruits of your labor. Today we will talk about the main varieties of the plant, as well as the features of its cultivation and care in the open ground (photo materials are attached).

Main varieties and varieties of rhubarb

Rhubarb – perennial, which has a fairly large root system and the same powerful stems of a reddish hue, reaching several meters in length. The leaves located at the bottom of the plant are larger than all the others. They grow on dense, strong petioles of green/red color, the length of which can reach half a measure and the width of 3-4 cm. This plant has a rather short growing season and produces a generous harvest. The fleshy petioles of rhubarb, which taste somewhat reminiscent of apples, are eaten. They contain a large number of vitamin C, carotene, sugar, organic acids, pectin, potassium and calcium salts, etc.

Advice. Only young petioles of the plant should be used for food, since when they age they accumulate a lot of oxalic acid, which is not only unnecessary, but also harmful to the human body.

There are more than 50 varieties of rhubarb, most of which are native primarily to Asia.

Let's consider the most popular varieties(you can see them in more detail from the photos found on the Internet):

Ogre-13. The variety is mid-season, very productive. The petioles grow quite large, with excellent taste.
Moskovsky-42. An early ripening variety with exceptionally high yield.
Large-petiolate. Early ripening variety. Very productive, immune to diseases and pests, as well as low temperatures. Demanding about the soil on which it grows. The petioles have very delicate sweet pulp inside, with a slight sourness.

Rhubarb bush

Red early. From the name it is clear that the variety ripens early. The petioles grow long, strong, bright red, turning green at the bottom.
Tangun rhubarb. It is a fairly large plant, the rhizome of which is often used in medicine: to treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, gall bladder, etc.

Planting a plant in open ground

Although rhubarb is a rather undemanding plant in terms of its growing conditions, the soil for planting should be chosen very carefully, since your future harvest will largely depend on it. It is not necessary to choose a very light site for planting rhubarb - partial shade is also suitable, but the soil must be fertile and moist. Perfect option– loamy soil with no groundwater saturated with organic matter.

The first step is to prepare the soil for planting. As with any other plant, this is done in advance, in the fall. The soil is carefully dug up using a shovel and a half with the addition of organic fertilizers and limestone (if the soil is acidic).

The plant is propagated in two ways: by seedlings or by dividing the rhizome. Let's consider both options.

It is worth mentioning one nuance right away: rhubarb can be grown almost all year round - not only in early spring, but also in summer, and even late autumn. It all depends on the chosen variety.

Advice. To all year round please yourself with useful microelements and vitamins, which rhubarb is rich in, grow on your summer cottage There are several varieties of this plant with different ripening periods.

To grow rhubarb for seedlings, the seeds must be prepared in advance: you need to fill them with warm, settled water for a day so that they swell well and then germinate for some time (3-4 days) under several layers of gauze (it is advisable to sometimes moisten it with water). Immediately after small sprouts appear, you can begin sowing carefully dried seeds into the ground.

Shallow furrows are prepared (about 3 cm deep) into which sprouted rhubarb seeds are placed. The first shoots will appear in a few days. By the beginning of autumn, the seedlings will reach a height of about 25-30 cm. After wintering, they are dug up and replanted in the ground, keeping a distance of one meter between the bushes.

Rhubarb in open ground

Growing rhubarb using rhizomes is a time-tested method that experienced gardeners love most. It is necessary to select the largest plants with massive red petioles. Optimal time It will be autumn for planting rhubarb this way.

We divide the rhizome into several parts - use a very sharp knife. Each of the resulting plants should have a fairly large root and at least two buds. Prepared “new” plants must be thoroughly dried in the sun so that they do not begin to rot in the ground. We plant rhubarb in rows at a fairly deep depth - about 6-8 cm, keeping the distance between individual bushes within a meter. The soil near each plant must be thoroughly compacted.

Rhubarb care

As mentioned earlier, rhubarb is an unpretentious plant, practically “not sick” and not afraid of pests. Moreover, rhubarb grows in such a way that practically no weeds form around it. Let's take a closer look at what care is needed for rhubarb to get a good harvest.

In order for rhubarb to reproduce faster, immediately after planting the plant, it is necessary to thoroughly mulch the soil. During the growing season of rhubarb, it is necessary to periodically weed out rare weeds, again, mulch the soil and water. Since rhubarb loves moisture, it should be saturated with water at least twice a week.

Be sure to remove honey plants immediately after they begin to bloom - do not allow them to overgrow.

Advice. The crop should not be harvested in the year rhubarb is planted. Perfect time– spring of the second or third year after planting. Then you can cut off the young petioles for consumption.

Feeding and fertilizing the plant

Rhubarb is not particularly demanding of fertilizers, so two or three feedings will be enough for the entire growing season of the plant. Since rhubarb prefers organic matter, regular cow manure with added water will do just fine. Since rhubarb can produce a harvest for several years, fertilizer in the form of either manure or humus should be periodically added to the soil.

Advice. Do not fertilize the plant under any circumstances. summer period, since this can lead to an excess of nitrogen, which will cause completely unnecessary flowering of rhubarb. Best time for feeding - early spring and late autumn.

Protection from diseases and pests

Rhubarb is not afraid of any diseases. Only occasionally can he be attacked by a buckwheat flea or rhubarb bug. Rhubarb can also be affected by gray rot, false powdery mildew. Affected plants must be immediately removed from the soil and burned. To avoid the plant becoming infected with certain diseases, such as gray rot, it is important to plant it correctly - not too densely.

Rhubarb needs to be fed a couple of times per season.

Combining rhubarb with other plants

Observed great combination rhubarb with the following plants: different kinds salads and cabbage, spinach, beans, etc.

But at the same time, the plant is quite unfriendly to many other fruits and vegetables, for example, representatives of the nightshade family (potatoes, tomatoes), radishes, onions, legumes (especially peas), cucumber, carrots, etc.

Our material is coming to an end. We looked at the features of growing such unpretentious plant like rhubarb. Follow the recommendations in the article and you will be able to grow a healthy plant that will produce a rich harvest.