Sewer wells: design and subtleties of operation. How to make a sewer well: installation and assembly with your own hands Self-installation of inspection structures
In order to design and build any type of sewer system, it is necessary to assemble necessary set materials. To monitor the performance of the sewerage system, special systems are used - wells. Their role is very important in the sewerage system; it is through them that the system is cleaned.
This article will discuss, because most of them are made from different materials and come in all sizes.
Design and structure of sewer wells
As a rule, the structure of a well for sewerage has a typical structure:
- Hatch cover ( top part well);
- Neck;
- Camera;
- Mine;
Depending on the material and which the well is made, there may be different sizes products. The type of underground communications determines the shape of the underground chamber.
The dimensions and type of well are determined based on the requirements that are presented for the communications that will be connected to the well. As a rule, the height of the working chamber of the well is 180 centimeters.
The well shaft is made in the form round section. Most wells have a ladder to make it easy to get down into them. Each well must be covered with a lid. It is needed to prevent debris and dirt from falling into the well, and also to prevent someone from falling into it.
You can often hear on the news that an animal or person has fallen into an uncovered well. That is why it is strictly forbidden to use a sewer well without a cover.
How to correctly calculate the size of a sewer well?
For pipes that have a diameter of up to 300 millimeters, round wells with a diameter of up to 1 meter are used. In this case, the working chamber of the well must have a diameter of at least 700 millimeters.
If the diameter of the pipes is more than 300 millimeters, then it is recommended to install concrete wells that have a bottom diameter of up to one meter. In this case, choose a rectangular bottom shape. With this design it will be convenient to make holes for the pipeline.
Advice! When installing a well, you must ensure that the angle between it and the pipes is no more than 90 degrees. If wells with differences are being installed, then this figure can be changed. If pipes of different diameters are connected to the well, then they are connected along the pipes.
Main types of sewer wells
Today there are the following types of wells:
- Corner well
- Passage well
- Rotary sewer well
- Control well
- Station well
The main tasks to be performed by the structure in future work are determined based on the installation of the well.
The main and primary task for any sewer hatch is monitoring the entire operation of the sewer system.
With the help of sewer wells, you can perform tasks such as:
- Reducing the distance in an adjacent system;
- Elimination of differences in inlet and outlet pipes;
- System cleaning;
- Collection of dirt and waste that collects in wells.
Sewer inspection wells
Currently, sewer inspection wells are divided into the following types:
- Linear well - installed in three sections of the entire sewer system. The main thing is that the system has a direct direction.
- Rotary well - installed in places where the direction of the system changes.
- Nodal well - performed to connect several sewerage systems.
- Control well - designed to connect the yard, block and street sewer networks.
In order to install a linear well, you do not need to have any specific skills. Installation is quick and easy. The length of the well depends on the diameter of the pipe.
Helpful information ! The minimum length is 35 meters. In this case, pipes with a diameter of no more than 150 millimeters are used. Maximum length systems can be up to 300 meters. In this case, pipes with a diameter of more than 2000 millimeters are used.
A rotary well is a kind of point where maintenance of the well is carried out, taking into account cleaning the system high pressure water.
Rotary wells are installed at each bend of the rotary pipe. Why do you need to do this? The fact is that rotary wells provide better access and make it possible to service the supply pipe.
Drop wells are a separate point. Their main purpose is to level the supply pipe.
Drop wells are made in order to reduce the depth of the pipeline that is laid in the ground. The differential well limits the maximum permissible flow rate.
Main types of drop wells
Depending on the design of the drop well, the following varieties are distinguished:
- Changes in which there is a drain of water of a practical profile. There is a water well in the downstream;
- Tubular drops. Such wells have different designs, but they are all united by a single element - a vertical pipe;
- Drops that have a spillway wall;
- Chess multi-stage changes. They have different designs. In design feature - each stage extinguishes the energy of the flow;
- Rapid flow wells. They have small channels with a large slope.
Basic sanitary requirements for the construction of differential sewer wells
According to the terms sanitary requirements When installing a sewer system using pipes with a diameter of no more than 600 millimeters, it is not necessary to install a differential well.
When a sewer system is being constructed, the drop height of which is up to 3 meters, it is necessary to install tubular drops.
Celebrated! A well for flushing is installed at the beginning of the network. It will serve to flush the network in those places where the flow is weakest.
You can install a regular inspection well, which will act as a flushing well. Sometimes special structures are used that are equipped with a water supply.
Need to know everything design features well, as well as its elements that are part of the well. The well must be marked. Don't neglect the labeling.
Most often, prefabricated reinforced concrete structures are used, which are carried out in accordance with GOST 8020-56. Round concrete wells have diameters: 700, 1000, 1250 and 1500 millimeters. Accordingly, hatches are selected in accordance with GOST 3634-91.
Materials for sewer wells
From modern manufacturers today you can get sewer wells that are made of different materials.
Reinforced concrete, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and fiberglass are used.
Rectangular and round wells are produced. Round wells are most often used for sewerage.
Why do you need waterproofing of wells?
Despite the fact that there is always moisture in the well, it must have reliable waterproofing. First of all, you need to protect the well as much as possible from the ingress of external wastewater into it.
Today you can choose one of several dozen waterproofing wells. If the iron is running concrete well, then you can buy any material on the market as waterproofing. These are special compounds. It is important to study the instructions for using waterproofing before starting work.
Little advice ! In order to insulate the seams of a concrete well, it is necessary to use a special mixture for this purpose.
Before applying a layer of waterproofing, it is necessary to prepare the concrete structure. The loose surface is removed, using a brush it is cleaned and dried. A metal brush is used. If there are places where water flows, a recess is made in the form of a “swallow’s tail”. It is laid 5 centimeters deep with a mixture for waterproofing.
Special attention is paid to waterproofing at the joints. Professionals advise additionally moistening the joints. Then after some time you need to fill them with a special solution.
Only then do they begin to apply waterproofing to the entire surface of the well. It is recommended to apply several layers of waterproofing at once. At a minimum, three layers are used. The first layer should dry for about a day. One layer is applied every day.
Advice! When waterproofing a well is carried out within three days, it is necessary to eliminate loads on the well, and also to prevent influence on the well low temperatures. It is important to remember that the surface must be slightly moistened during all three days. Usually a spray is used. You can simply cover the well with polyethylene. Moisture will not leave the well and its concentration will increase.
It takes at least two weeks to complete internal waterproofing well.
As a result, we can say that, despite the variety of drop wells, they are also used for other purposes. For example, a well can be used to wash away sediments that collect in the system if the flow rate and power in the pipes is quite low.
From a practical point of view, it is worth noting that it is best to use wells that are made of lightweight materials. The fact is that a well made of concrete has a lot of weight. In turn, its installation will require a unit of lifting equipment, as well as transport for delivery to the work site. In order to connect pipes to a concrete well, it is necessary to additionally make holes, which must then be well sealed.
Plastic and polyvinyl chloride wells do not have such disadvantages. You can easily install them yourself. To the site in Vacation home you can easily put a well on the roof passenger car. There is no need to make holes for pipes. They are already provided there. Their plastic wells come in absolutely any size and design, which clearly makes them more attractive against the background concrete structures. The service life of a plastic well is long, while a concrete product has a limited service life.
Today you can find several types of wells in the construction hypermarket. The cost of a plastic well will be an order of magnitude higher than a concrete one, but the advantages of the first are obvious. If you need to create a convenient and reliable sewerage system, then you need to use the best building materials.
Most of the work on arranging sewer wells can be done independently. Clear instructions and regulations must be followed. This way you can save significant money on calling a specialist. However, if you are not sure that you will be able to do everything yourself, you can always turn to professional plumbers for help, who will help you complete all the work quickly and efficiently. They have certain work experience and the necessary set of tools and equipment that will be involved in all work.
The purpose of decorative measures is to provide access for inspection of wells and beautification appearance hatches Indeed, often when planning a site and building a house, owners do not think about their rational location. As a result, during the operation of the dacha, unaesthetic sewer covers constantly catch the eye in the most inappropriate place.
A modern comfortable dacha is impossible without a convenient and functional system water supply and sewerage. For home improvement, outbuildings and landscape territory today an extensive communication network is used, drainage system and complex engineering routes. For their technical and preventive maintenance, special wells must be installed, closed from the outside with functional hatches.
But even the practicality of such structures does not exclude the desire of many owners to avoid a constant reminder of the presence of a communication system underground. Therefore, owners often think about how to disguise hatches and sewer wells on summer cottage available means, spending insignificant financial and time costs.
Basic conditions for decoration
Options decorative design some. However, the most important condition for choosing an aesthetic camouflage technology is the ability to access communications at any time of the year. It is advisable to make sure that the hatch itself is not visible, but it remains easy to use. Therefore, before you begin refining, you should carefully consider all the details of the future design or decorative system. Much depends on the location of the well, the height of the structure and the quality characteristics of the material from which the cover is made.
Floristic
If the well is located directly in the middle of the lawn, then it can be decorated with shrubs and various plants: barberries with golden or red foliage, spirea, cinquefoil, etc. As they grow, they will cover the manhole cover, and from afar they will distract attention from it. In addition, if flowers or branches are damaged during the operation of the garden, they will quickly grow again. Astilbes are excellent for solving such problems.
She is very beautiful in appearance. And besides this, these plants recover very quickly, without consequences for further aesthetic perception. You can plant stephanandra, a stylish creeping shrub. This plant has many exquisite decorative shoots with which you can decorate any lid.
Well decoration designs
At the location of the sewer hatch, you can build a lightweight pyramid of steel rods (reinforcement). It should be remembered that the base of the pyramid structure must be larger than the dimensions of the well. Therefore, careful measurements should be taken before carrying out work.
Using the data obtained, when purchasing metal blanks, you can order the cutting of rods in accordance with original dimensions. Experts advise not to forget to prime and paint all steel elements, as well as fastening parts. Then the resulting design will serve the summer resident for many years. The color of paint on metal can be matched to the tone of other garden structures, or vice versa, paint the pyramid in green color, in the shade of the surrounding landscape.
Around the constructed structure you can plant any favorite climbing plant, for example, sweet pea. And then, after a certain period of time, a beautiful and fragrant flowerbed will delight the eye in the middle of the lawn. You can also use a variety of annuals to create such a “green decor”.
Other types of disguise
For those who want to decorate a manhole cover without carrying out complex preparatory work and time-consuming planting, experts advise using large boulders or compositions from various types stones. Today artificial stones, imitating natural boulders with maximum reliability, can be bought in specialized construction supermarkets or markets.
Such compositions look very harmonious against the backdrop of natural pebbles or a bright flower bed. By the way, the stones laid on sewer hatches, can become part of a beautiful ensemble consisting of an alpine slide and a cascade of a murmuring waterfall.
Wells for sewerage are a necessary thing in every urban area. Without sewerage there would simply be nowhere to discharge wastewater. Today, the construction of sewer wells has been worked out to the smallest detail and is enshrined in SNiP. This document contains standards for arranging a container for water accumulation and carrying out installation work. The places where sewage pits can be placed are also documented. Regardless of where the structure is located, its arrangement must be carried out in accordance with established rules.
What does sewerage consist of?
Construction of a sewer well - actual question when conducting construction work or arrangement of a sewer system in a certain area of the area. The structure of a sewer well requires the following parts:
- The bottom of the container is the lower part of the entire device, in direct contact with wastewater.
- The shaft is a part of a structure almost two meters long, an internal cavity in which, as a rule, repair work is carried out.
- The working chamber is part of the system in which repair work related to pipes is carried out.
- The neck is the upper, visible part of the container with a hole at the top intended for the lid.
- Hatch – the closing part of the structure, cover sewage pit, which prevents foreign objects, animals or people from entering the container.
This design is general and may differ slightly in some versions. The well cannot be designed according to individual plan, it must comply with the standards established in SNiP.
Types of sewage tanks
Types of sewer wells include several types of structural design of the container for water drainage. Depending on the principle of construction of sewer wells, structures can be divided into several types.
Variable
Differential sewer wells are structures that are installed in places where there is a need to change the flow intensity Wastewater. Drop wells can be installed in certain situations:
- if there is a risk of change in flow rate;
- if the sewer crosses the highway;
- when laying another pipeline;
- Also, a drop well can be installed if there is partial flooding of the place where the water exits.
The operating principle of a sewer differential well is based on a special design that redirects wastewater flows.
Observation
Inspection tanks are structures that are designed for inspecting the sewer system, as well as for carrying out repair work sewer or water supply. This design has no analogues today. Installation of inspection-type sewer wells is provided in the following cases:
- in places where there is a change in pipe size, slope and diameter. Such places are the weakest and are often subject to various breakdowns;
- in an area where there is a change in wastewater flow;
- at the point where the pipeline branches into several small pipes;
- in areas that, in the opinion of specialists, require special monitoring.
Inspection structures are usually placed in such a way that the distance between sewer wells is at least 15 meters. If the pit is installed on the territory of a private house, then the distance from the structure to the house should be at least 3 meters, but not more than 12.
Rotary
A rotary sewer well is a structure that is installed directly at the turning point of the main sewer system. The distance between sewer wells in this case is determined only by the location of the pipeline turns.
Nodal
Junction structures are structures that are installed in places where wide pipelines branch.
Direct flow
Direct-flow tanks are structures that are mainly intended for flushing sewer pipelines. Such structures are installed in different places, depending on which several types of direct-flow structures are distinguished:
- linear - structures necessary for periodic inspections and flushing of networks;
- flushing facilities - structures that are installed, as a rule, at the very beginning of the water supply system for flushing it;
- control structures - structures that are placed in places where streams of water that have undergone purification are discharged. Such structures are necessary to monitor the quality of passing water.
IN various places Sewerage must be installed with the inclusion of waste containers in the system. It is with the help of these structures that the entire system is monitored, flushed and repaired. Even if sewerage is installed in a private house, at least one well must be on the site. Otherwise, the owner of the site simply will not be able to control the operation of the sewer system and, if necessary, repair it.
How to correctly calculate the size of a sewer pit?
How to make a sewer well? This question is especially relevant if the owner of a private house and plot decides to make a sewer well with his own hands. Of course, it is quite difficult to make a well without the participation of specialists, however, it is still possible. The main thing here is to follow all established rules so that the sewer system functions normally in the future and does not cause problems.
Before you begin installing a sewer well, you need to determine its location and carry out everything necessary calculations. The first parameter that must be taken into account is the volume of the waste pit. This indicator is calculated depending on the number of people living in the area and the approximate water consumption. For example, a standard family with two children uses up to 1000 liters of water per day.
According to accepted standards, a drain with a bottom area of one square meter can provide water output in the amount of one cubic meter. It is important to take into account the fact that the working volume of the structure must correspond to at least triple the rate of water flow per day. Therefore, the volume of a well for a family with two children should be at least three cubic meters.
Knowing exactly what volume of construction is needed on a specific site, you can calculate required diameter well. The average depth of the pit is 2.5-3 meters. When calculating the parameters of a well, it is important to calculate the distance from the well, or rather its working part, to the drain pipe. This is quite simple to do; you need to subtract the length of the drain pipe, which is 70 centimeters, from the depth of the structure. Next, the volume of the well is directly calculated, which consists of multiplied data on the depth of the hole and the area of its bottom.
Types of arrangement of the bottom of a well
If you are making a sewer well with your own hands, you must also first select the type of pit bottom. The most common and popular option is a round bottom pit, since it is the easiest to use and maintain, however, in addition this option There are other types of well bottoms.
The most commonly used varieties are structures with round and quadrangular bottoms. The last option can be made in the form of a square or rectangle. Before you build a sewer well with your own hands, you need to calculate the diameter and depth of the hole, taking into account the walls that will be laid to strengthen the structure.
Installation protective structures the inside of the pit can be made of the following materials:
- bricks;
- reinforced concrete rings;
- concrete pouring.
The distance to the bottom is calculated solely taking into account all design features and strengthening attitudes.
How to install a sewer well yourself?
The main argument in favor of building a sewer system on the site with your own hands is the significant cost savings. If a brick container was chosen as a structure, concrete rings or rubble stone, the following sequence of actions must be followed:
- first of all, a hole is dug for the storage tank, as well as a trench for the pipeline;
- then the base of the pit is prepared. As a rule, for these purposes, crushed stone or other similar material is poured into the bottom of the pit;
- after that the bottom is filled concrete mortar;
- Next, the walls of the structure are strengthened. To do this, concrete rings are installed, brickwork or stone masonry. In this case, all joints must be sealed cement mortar. In case of installation brick wall additional plastering of the walls is also carried out;
- then the inlet for the drain pipe is installed and equipped. After installation, all holes must be sealed;
- the outer walls are insulated using tar or fatty clay;
- then the soil is returned to its place and compacted;
- a floor slab and a hatch are installed on top of the well;
- The last thing to do is install ventilation pipe. This part of the structure is necessary in order to remove gases accumulated inside, resulting from decomposition. organic matter. The accumulation of such gases is dangerous due to the possibility of explosion.
The owner, as a rule, chooses the distance between sewer wells on a private plot independently depending on the area of the territory, the location of the sewerage system and the volume of wastewater. However, when carrying out independent work Still, do not forget about work standards.
If you are building new house or decided to improve the old one, one of the main tasks will be the installation of communications that ensure comfortable living. Since it is impossible without a properly designed drainage system, the question will arise - how to make a sewer well with your own hands.
If you want to save money and do not plan to involve a contractor in this work, then before starting it you should study all the rules and regulations for installing a sewer system for a private home. They are contained in SNiPs, which are quite difficult to understand for people not involved in the construction business, so we suggest that you simply read this article carefully.
Rules for constructing sewer wells
Before you start doing anything, you need to decide on its volume and depth. To do this, you will need to draw at least a primitive sewer diagram from the exit from the house to the well, which will also help you calculate required amount required materials.
Sanitary requirements
Choosing a location for a sewer septic tank or cesspool, first of all, the location of water intake points should be taken into account. And not only on your own site, but also on neighboring ones.
If contaminated wastewater leaks into an aquifer and from there into a well, it can cause serious illness. The type of soil also matters - how permeable it is.
The instructions require the following distances between sewer and water wells:
- At sandy soils – at least 50 meters;
- When clayey– at least 20 meters.
Having determined the places on your site that meet these requirements, you can decide which of them is more convenient to locate the structure, taking into account the distance to the house and the position of the outlet point of the internal sewer system.
Technical requirements
The first thing you should know is that the structure cannot be placed closer than three meters from the foundation of the house.
The ideal distance is 8-12 meters in a straight line. But it is not always possible to withstand it: the layout and topography of the site may not allow this.
In such cases, when building a sewer well with your own hands, you must follow the following rules:
- If the length of the sewer pipeline is very long, it must be installed. The first one is at a distance from 3 to 12 meters from the exit from the house, the subsequent ones are every 15 meters. They are necessary to control the operation of the system and facilitate its cleaning if necessary.
- If the pipeline has turns or is connected into one common pipeline of two or more outlets, it is installed at such nodes. It is also used as an observation room.
- If the terrain does not allow laying a pipe with minimum slope, a differential well is being built to ensure the permissible speed of wastewater movement.
It is important! It should be explained why the speed at which sewage flows through the pipes is so important. If it is very small, a plug may form in the pipe, which will clog the lumen. If it is too large, the liquid will drain quickly, not having time to carry the solid fractions with it, which again will lead to the formation of congestion.
Water flows by gravity, which is ensured by the slope of the pipe. With a diameter of 100 mm it should be 2 cm for each linear meter, if the diameter is 50 mm, the slope is one and a half times greater - 3 cm per linear meter.
That is, the further the well is located from the outlet, the deeper it should be, since the entrance to it will be lower. Having drawn a sewerage diagram to scale with correct slope pipeline, you will receive this mark, after which you will be able to calculate the depth and volume of the container.
For reference. The volume is calculated based on the number of people living in the house, each of whom receives about 150 liters of waste per day, the type of well and the frequency of its emptying.
Types of drain wells
It can be cumulative or filtering. In any case, it is a working container with the neck closed by a hatch; the difference lies in the design of the bottom.
So:
- Cumulative is designed to collect sewage, which, as it fills, is pumped out by a sewer truck (sludge pump) and removed. It must be completely sealed.
- In the filter the liquid seeps into the lower layers of the soil, where it is gradually purified, passing through its layers, so it is made without a bottom and installed on a filter layer of gravel, broken brick or crushed stone. It has to be pumped out less often.
Attention! At high level groundwater installing a filter well without preliminary wastewater treatment is unacceptable.
There is also a more advanced design of sewer wells - a septic tank, in which stepwise wastewater treatment occurs, but it must be designed and installed by specialists.
How to build a sewer well yourself
Many private developers decide to do the sewer installation themselves, since this is not the most difficult task, and the cost savings are decent.
Stages of work
Since the average depth is 4-6 meters, to reduce labor costs and save time, it is better to dig a foundation pit using an excavator. The diameter of the pit must be greater than the outer diameter of the well (or its linear dimensions with rectangular or square shape) at least 30-40 cm.
If you decide to make a storage tank from reinforced concrete rings, rubble stone or brick, the sequence of work is as follows:
- Digging a trench for a pipeline and constructing a foundation pit;
- Preparing the base by filling the bottom with a layer of crushed stone and compacting it;
- Filling the bottom with concrete;
For reference. You can do it easier and lay a finished reinforced concrete slab on the bottom of the pit.
- or laying brick walls. The seams between the rings are sealed with cement mortar, and brick walls are also plastered with it;
- Inlet device for inserting the drain pipe. After its installation, the entry point is also carefully sealed;
Note. The inlet pipe should protrude 5-8 cm into the well.
- Insulation of external walls with tar or a layer of oily clay;
- Backfilling of soil with its compaction;
- Laying a floor slab with a hatch;
- Installation of a ventilation pipe to prevent the accumulation in the well of explosive gases released during the decomposition of organic matter. It should rise above ground level by at least 60-70 cm.
It is built in exactly the same way, with the only difference that the bottom is not completely poured under it, but only under the walls, so that they rest not on the ground, but on concrete base. In addition, at the bottom of the first ring they make their way drainage holes, and the outside is backfilled with crushed stone.
In the case of brick construction, holes are left immediately in the lower rows of the masonry.
Plastic wells
It is much easier to use ready-made containers made of durable and frost-resistant plastic. Perhaps the price of the products themselves will be higher than the cost of reinforced concrete rings, but you can save effort and time, as well as money, without calling a manipulator to install heavy and bulky structures in the pit.
Plastic wells are lightweight, and you can handle it yourself. They are produced in different volumes and diameters, with ready-made inlet holes for pipes, so you will not have any difficulties with their selection and installation.
In addition to light weight and ease of installation plastic wells have the following advantages:
- Absolutely sealed, so you don't have to work insulation works and not worry about possible leaks;
- Resistant to both very low and high temperatures;
- Resistance to aggressive environments;
- High strength and, as a result, durability. They will not require any repairs throughout their entire service life.
Final work
The finished well is completely covered with earth to prevent freezing. Only the hatch remains open. There should always be free access to it, and there should be access roads for the suction pump nearby.
All that remains is to think about how to include this necessary comfortable life, but not a very attractive element in the landscape of the site, especially if it is located in an open area. It's easy to do.
Now on sale there are special decorative covers for well hatches in the form of a large boulder or a removable flower bed. Can be arranged around the hatch alpine slide or install a lightweight wood or wire frame for climbing plants. There are many options, just use your imagination.
Conclusion
From all that has been said, we can draw an unambiguous conclusion: our comfort is in our hands, and if desired, it can be achieved without spending extra money and physical strength. If we talk specifically about the installation of individual sewerage on the site, then the easiest way is to assemble it from finished products – plastic pipes, connecting elements And different types wells. The video in this article will show you how to do this correctly.
In the overall system of underground communications, sewerage inspection wells play one of the key roles. The article reveals the diagrams of wells, their structure, types and features of installation of structures.
The sewer system is a complex engineering organism consisting of many elements that ensure the smooth operation of the entire network. According to their purpose, inspection chambers are divided into:
- To linear ones.
- For rotary ones.
- And nodal ones.
Inspection sewer wells are one of the main technical structures with the help of which industry specialists can perform their functional duties: check the performance of the collector, and, if necessary, clean the pipes.
These facts indicate that the sewer inspection well is a point of control for the coordinated operation of systems. This fully applies to underground communications public utilities.
Locations depending on destination
The installation of inspection cameras is regulated by construction documents. According to SNiP, inspection points are installed in places of turns, as well as slopes when changing the linear pipeline. And at the junction of the central line of additional branches.
The removal of sewer systems for residents of the private sector is possible with the installation of inspection cameras. The diameter of the installed pipe is directly affected by the distance of its installation (linear section).
For pipeline lengths up to 35 meters, elements with a diameter of 150 mm are used. Exists inverse relationship. For example, if the diameter of the pipes included in common system pipeline is 150 meters, then according to the installation conditions there should be an inspection well after 35 meters. Industrial system control system may be fundamentally different from analogues installed in the private sector.
Features of various types of sewer wells
The structure of the sewer well is a round, rectangular or polygonal shape, consisting of:
- From the base.
- Tray.
- Working chamber.
- And the neck and hatch.
The basis technical design includes a tray, which is made of concrete, grade 200, using formwork. Although, this is not the only option. Production is possible from brick, reinforced concrete blocks or rubble stone.
Consider the device
The inspection shaft kit includes a certain set of working elements:
- Reinforcing frame, which can be square section or round shape. A staircase is installed inside the structure.
- The bottom of the structure is a smooth bottom floor. It can be equipped with profiles for channels.
- The upper ceiling, where a hole is provided for the hatch.
- Working (protective) hatch. It can be made in the shape of a circle or square. on his outer part Markings are applied indicating the type of well.
The main material of the reinforcing frame is reinforced concrete. The reinforcing frame is mounted using concrete rings. The bottom is a round slab.
The bottom of sewer wells can be filled with concrete mortar, which is supplied at the base of the formwork object.
A hatch is installed in the upper part of the structure.
The main working element and competitor of reinforced concrete products is plastic. Separately, it is necessary to say about the hatches, which are of great importance. They can be:
- Cast iron.
- Steel.
- Polymer.
Naturally, steel hatches are more durable compared to other elements. If the inspection object is located on a highway or road with heavy traffic, a metal hatch or cast iron grate is placed in this place.
Types of sewer inspection wells
Shafts or chambers that are installed above the pipeline that drains water, internal structure classified:
- as controls;
- filtering;
- front type;
- as storage devices.
Regardless of the type and/or purpose, they are all included in the project (design and estimate documentation) of the object. The drawing of the sewer well is carried out by specialists from the design organization based on the specified technical characteristics.
Purpose of sewer inspection wells
The nodal type of inspection shaft is provided at the junction of several pipelines. The connection of the sewer line to the tray is made by smooth rounding. Wells designed for inspection on large sewers are called connection chambers.
The structure in question is mounted on straight section laid working network and acts as a point for inspection and maintenance of the system. The working distance is primarily determined by the diameter of the laid pipe. Based on the indicators:
- up to 155 mm – 3500 mm;
- from 200 mm to 450 mm – 500 m;
- from 500 mm to 600 mm – 750 m;
- from 700 mm to 900 mm – 100 m;
- from 1000 mm to 1400 mm – 150 m;
- from 1500 mm to 2000 mm – 200 m;
- more than 2000 mm – 250000-300 m.
It is allowed to increase the working distance between viewing objects by up to 10%, no more. Collectors intended for the transit of water flow, the diameter of which does not exceed 2 thousand millimeters, it is allowed to increase the inter/well distances to 300 meters.
Watch the video
A rotary well for sewerage is mounted on sections of the pipeline in order to change the direction of a network section. In this case, the rotation angle should be more than 45 0 (degrees).
To reduce high hydraulic pressure between the outlet and connected pipes, the working angle must be at least 90 0 (degrees). From 1 to 5 pipes are laid within the turning radius, where the tray has a smooth curvature. Its purpose: cleaning the intake pipes from possible blockages.
Differential sewer well
It can be of five types:
- shaft bends are made up and down;
- in the form of a glass;
- with vertical water damper;
- multi-stage option;
- with corner overflow channel.
A brick sewer well includes:
- Bottom, with a single-level highway.
- Walls.
- Open tray.
- Floor slab.
- Safety hatch.
- And also wall brackets.
To carry out work and lower the operating personnel, the diameter of the device must be more than 1 meter.
Installation from concrete rings
More details about. 
Initially, a pit is dug according to the conditions of excavation for the pipeline. Having completed excavation, a bedding is laid, which is formed from crushed stone of a large or medium fraction.
The thickness of the bedding is about 1500 mm. This element makes it possible to resist subsidence of the entire structure.
After carrying out the above measures, a layer of hydraulic insulation is installed. It can be a roll or a sheet. The formwork for the tray is applied to the insulating layer. It is possible to install a ready-made slab.
The next stage is the transition to the construction of the mine. Wells made of concrete are assembled in a zero pit, where working elements have not yet been installed.
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The rings are laid on cement screeds. Hatches are installed in ready-made holes. After complete assembly of the structure, the pit is filled with soil.
Requirements for installation of sewer structures
The installation is carried out in strict accordance with SNiP and is regulated by GOST No. 2080 90, which states that sharp turns of the system gasket should not be allowed. It is necessary to observe the angles of the inlet and outlet pipes.
- Working elements are made of fine-grained concrete in compliance with recommended standards.
- The tank must be equipped with reinforcing rods in order to evenly distribute the load and consist of reinforcing wire.
- Before installation, you need to prepare a working diagram and carry out preparatory work, which includes clearing the site and removing vegetation, including trees.
Plastic sewer inspection structures
Plastic products are becoming increasingly common. They are distinguished by ease of assembly and environmentally friendly clean materials, used in the production of structures.
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It is important that plastic is a durable working material. The depth of a plastic sewer well can vary. Therefore, selection required design, will not cause problems for the buyer. In addition, the cost of the complex is more attractive compared to a traditional concrete product.
Self-installation of viewing structures
Yes, this option is possible. But do-it-yourself installation is associated with certain costs and volumes. preparatory work, which can hardly be accomplished on your own. . This may be due to the nature of the structure, groundwater levels and the structure of the work site.
The principle of work is no different from industrial installation. There are many instructional videos on the Internet. There is enough technical literature. Therefore, there is no point in dwelling on this issue in detail.
Finally
To summarize, we can note the following. There are many designs different types and appointments. The installation issue takes into account the testimony of many services, and the optimal option is selected.
Initially, paper work will be completed: a drawing is created and the structure, which can be made of different materials, is installed according to it.
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Note that in the private sector they are increasingly using ready-made options, made of plastic. Self-installation of structures is allowed, subject to compliance with specifications and SNiP, taking into account existing GOSTs.