Brick stove and solid fuel boiler. Boiler or stove - how to heat the house? What is better: stove or solid fuel boilers?

The coming cold forces the residents of Buryatia, who are building a private house, quickly decide on heating your home

Of course, everyone wants it to not require large material costs and physical effort and it was warm and cozy. And therefore, first of all, you need to carefully consider which heating will be most optimal for your home - a simple stove or boiler. And if it’s a boiler, then what fuel does it use - solid, liquid, electricity or gas?

“There is nothing more reliable than a stove”

Stove on two floors

Ulan-Ude resident Dashima Dugarova lives in a two-story comfortable house on Zelenkhoz. The house measures 7 by 8 meters on two floors, approximately 110 square meters, and is heated by a conventional stove. The sides of the stove open into all rooms of the house. On the ground floor there is a large entrance hall, where the stove itself is located, a kitchen combined with a living room, a bathroom and a toilet. By the way, they are heated with electricity (warm floors - Note “OB”). On the second floor there are two large bright bedrooms and a small hall.

When my husband and I were thinking about what kind of heating to choose, we decided that nothing had yet been invented more reliable and cheaper than a simple stove,” says the owner of the house.

They believe that in any unforeseen situations: there is no light, electricity, gas or liquid fuel prices rise, etc., the stove will never let them down. After all, we don’t have any problems with firewood in Buryatia yet.

In the most severe cold, they heat the fire twice a day: one firebox in the morning and one in the evening. The house is reliably insulated on the outside and finished with metal siding.

Over the winter, the owners burn one and a half to two cars of firewood.

"Zakamenskaya" stove

Ulan-Ude residents Svetlana and Alexey Dorzhiev also maintain their position in favor of the stove. They, unlike Darima, are just building their house.

When we were faced with the problem of choosing heating, we, after consulting with our loved ones, chose the stove,” says Alexey. - Build a boiler house with an expensive boiler, buy components for it, and these include pipes, radiators, and expansion tank, etc., beyond our means.

At first, as they say, they wanted to lead from the stove steam heating. Since the house is large, with an extension it is 11 by 14 meters. But then my friends advised me to completely abandon pipes and radiators throughout the house, and install an unusual stove, which they nicknamed “Zakamenskaya”, since the stove maker is from Zakamna. It differs from a simple oven in its size. It is only 25 - 30 centimeters wide, and three meters long, and it replaces the entire main wall. The stove will heat the hallway, kitchen, living room and in one corner a large dressing room. There is no heating in two bedrooms.

The bedroom doors will almost always be open, the heat should come from the living room from the stove. But if it suddenly gets cold in winter, we will install additional electric convectors-radiators. We will turn it on as needed,” says Alexey. - And in general, we’ll see how the stove behaves, I hope we won’t freeze. The people who installed such stoves do not regret it, and the stove maker himself praised it.

Two stoves in the house

There are also those in the republic who, in the old fashioned way, put in big house two stoves, as Damdin Erdyneev, a former resident of the Eravninsky district and now a resident of Ulan-Ude, did.

He transported to the city a house that he had built for his family back in the late 90s, measuring 14 by 12 meters. Friends laugh, they say there’s a whole gym,” Damdin shares.

According to him, he did not install any heating, but simply installed two simple stoves. He lived through one winter and does not complain about the cold.

Of course, it takes a lot of firewood, after all there are two stoves, but it’s still better than messing around with the boiler room. There's a lot of hassle there, taking care of the entire heating system, and you can't turn it off in winter cold, because everything will freeze. And you can leave the stove on at any time, and if necessary, light it, says Erdyneev.

In the next issue we will talk about which boiler is best to choose for your home. Our readers will also share their experience and talk about the advantages and disadvantages of different boilers.

Reference:

A large stove for a house measuring 8 by 9 meters requires 1000 bricks

For a medium-sized oven - 800 pieces

On the stove for a small two-story house with one firebox without fireplace - 1200 pieces

One pallet contains 400 pieces

Price for one kiln brick

7 rub. 50 kopecks

Dear readers!

Usage solid fuel for heating their homes, unfortunately, for many owners it still remains the only option. However, why “unfortunately”? According to some owners, no other type of heating can compare with, say, wood heating in its ability to create a truly comfortable atmosphere in the premises. And even if it is possible to switch to another energy source, they are in no hurry to do so.

So, solid fuel equipment has been and will continue to be in widespread demand. This means that its owners, real and even more so potential, should understand the diversity of this fuel. Know the advantages and disadvantages of each type available for use in your conditions. Be able to at least roughly predict consumption.

This publication is devoted to these issues. And let’s start our consideration, of course, with the most popular solid fuel in our area - ordinary firewood.

The most popular solid fuel is firewood

The word “ordinary” used above is probably not entirely correct. The fact is that firewood can differ very significantly in its “abilities” and ease of use. And this depends on many factors, including the type of wood, harvesting and storage conditions. Therefore, it would be more correct to say that this is the fuel most familiar to Russian householders.

But first, let’s talk about what makes firewood especially attractive to owners of stoves and boilers.

TO merits This type of solid fuel includes the following:

First of all, it is availability in most regions of Russia. Of course, they are not the same everywhere in price and in the types of wood offered. But basically this type of fuel becomes the cheapest, and in some places it is almost “free”.
In the fair opinion of most homeowners, no other type of fuel is capable of creating as comfortable, cozy atmosphere in the house, like natural wood. This is the characteristic smell, the usual calming crackling sound, and the very sight of burning logs.

Firewood has been used for centuries, and this is the experience accumulated by our ancestors. In any case, you know what to expect from such fuel; no “surprises” are expected.
Durability – firewood can be stored for a long time outdoors(within certain reasonable limits, of course), without losing its qualities. Even signs of biological damage to wood (the appearance of blue discoloration, mold, etc.) still leave the firewood completely suitable for use.
Combustion waste (ash and ash) does not have unpleasant odors, are quite easily removed from the oven or boiler.
Most modern boilers and stoves on sale are designed to use wood - this is, in fact, a universal fuel for such equipment. Many of these devices have a special design long burning, which makes maximum use of the energy potential of burning wood.

Of course, firewood also has its own flaws , with which, one way or another, you will have to put up with:

First of all, this is, of course, volume. Even the “operational” supply of firewood takes up quite a lot of space, not to mention the supply for the entire heating period or for several winters.
This leads to the second thing - it is necessary to create very spacious places for storing firewood in compliance with certain conditions so that the wood does not become waterlogged and does not deteriorate.

Irregular shapes of firewood significantly complicate their compact storage.
Whatever one may say, in terms of its calorific value, pure wood is still inferior to many other types of solid fuel.
High combustion rate. In addition, in conventional solid fuel stoves or boilers it is difficult to achieve uniform burning of the wood filling. There is a clear difference in the phases of combustion and heat transfer - a rather “lazy” ignition, then rapid combustion with maximum heat transfer, and then the decay phase begins. These negative features are quite successfully smoothed out in long-term combustion units operating on the principle of afterburning pyrolysis gases.
The burning of wood is accompanied by the release of a large amount of smoke, and unburnt solid waste can account for up to 15% of the initial volume of the stack.
The wood itself is harmless. But if it begins to be affected by fungus or mold, then during combustion the release of very toxic components cannot be ruled out. This may pose a certain threat to the health of household members.
Using firewood as fuel requires some physical effort (splitting, storing, carrying, loading, etc.). For people with disabilities this sometimes becomes a big problem.

As you can see, the disadvantages are quite significant, but they do not outweigh the advantages. And firewood still remains, at least in our country, among the most popular types of fuel.

What type of wood is best?

It has already been said that the performance qualities of firewood prepared from different breeds trees have very significant differences. It makes sense to briefly consider the most common types.

First of all, the difference is found in the inherent energy potential of one or another type of wood. Simply put, this is the amount of heat that is released when a unit of measurement of the amount of fuel is burned (in weight or volume equivalent). This value is also called calorie content or specific calorific value.

The table below shows the approximate specific calorific value of firewood from various wood species. A little clarification is in order here. This value can be measured in kilocalories per kilogram, in joules. But since we are more accustomed to expressing the power of heating units in kilowatts, it makes sense to immediately reduce the “calorie content” of the fuel to precisely these units of measurement.

Wood type	Average calorific value of dry firewood by weight (kWh/kg)	Average calorific value of dry firewood by storage volume, kWh/m³	The same applies to damp wood (which has not undergone at least a one-year drying cycle)
Beech	4.2	2200	1930
Oak	4.2	2100	1850
Ash	4.2	2100	1850
Rowan	4.2	2100	1850
Birch	4.3	1900	1670
Elm	4.1	1900	1670
Maple	4.1	1900	1670
Aspen	4.1	1750	1400
Alder	4.1	1500	1300
Willow (willow)	4.1	1400	1230
Poplar	4.1	1400	1230
Pine	4.4	1700	1500
Larch	4.4	1700	1500
Fir	4.4	1600	1400
Spruce	4.3	1400	1200

Well, now let’s briefly go over the types of wood.

Firewood made from softwood

Let's start with them, because here everything can be explained as briefly as possible. The fact is that their firewood coniferous species It is better not to consider wood as fuel for a stove or boiler for a heating system.

If you look at the table, it seems that they have a very good energy potential, higher than that of most hardwoods. But the adjacent column, in terms of per cubic meter, shows how much they are already losing due to their low density. That is, the volume of firewood required to maintain heat in the house increases significantly.

Next, any coniferous wood saturated with resins and essential oils. These substances are highly flammable, and laying such firewood burns out much faster than deciduous wood, which is also extremely unprofitable. In addition, resin content also determines a large number of smoke, with a high concentration of viscous products. This leads to very rapid overgrowing of both the internal channels of the stove and the chimney.

Thus, firewood from coniferous wood can be used for heating purposes only if it is not possible to use others. The bathhouse is a different matter - here pine logs are more than appropriate, as they are capable of creating a unique bathhouse atmosphere, again, due to the high content of resins and essential oils.

Hardwood firewood

The most popular are probably considered birch firewood. They are relatively inexpensive as this tree grows in abundance in most parts of the country. But it is not only availability that makes such fuel widely in demand.

The burning of birch firewood is accompanied by the release of a very special aroma, which, by the way, is not without healing qualities. No wonder the heat of birch trees has been around since ancient times traditional healers fought against colds and respiratory ailments.

Birch wood is saturated with natural tar, which, by the way, is a hydrocarbon compound and increases the heat transfer of firewood during combustion. In general, in terms of specific calorie content, birch occupies one of the leading places among widely available species.

The disadvantages, and very serious ones, include the fragility of such firewood. Long-term storage does not benefit them - already two or three years after harvesting firewood begins to lose its advantages. Rottenness appears and heat transfer rates drop sharply. This must be taken into account when organizing fuel reserves - it will constantly need to be “rotated”.

Some of the most effective for heating are oak firewood . The wood is very dense, with high heat transfer rates. Therefore, it is also very economical in spending. This somewhat smoothes out the very high price of such fuel.

Burning oak wood exudes a unique, pleasant, slightly tart aroma that has medicinal properties. And in terms of the heat they create, they have few competitors at all.

By the way, classic Italian pizza is cooked exclusively on oak wood. And in our country, many homeowners create stocks of such logs specifically for cooking on the grill or in a barbecue oven.

If oak firewood is purchased, then preference should be given to those harvested from middle-aged trees. Those that are too thin have not yet “gained the energy of nature,” and old trees, alas, begin to waste it.

If there is a possibility of purchasing alder firewood– then this is a very good option. This fuel has many advantages.

It is very difficult to confuse alder firewood with any other firewood - they are distinguished by the unusual coloring on the cut of the wood, from yellow, ocher and even outright red. The saturation of the shade depends mainly on the specific species of alder, and there are more than two dozen of them.

A very useful quality of alder firewood is its unpretentiousness in drying conditions. Wood actively gets rid of moisture on its own, without absorbing excess from the outside.

For three years after harvesting, alder firewood has aromatic properties. Subsequently, this quality gradually evaporates, but such a loss does not affect the calorific value of firewood. And in general they can be stored for quite a long time.

With high heat transfer, such fuel gives minimal amount smoke. By the way, it was alder firewood for this reason that was used to heat the baths “in black style.” One more thing important property– alder combustion products are an excellent means for cleaning the chimney from soot accumulations. Therefore, it is recommended to create a stock of such firewood for periodic preventive use in any case.

Aspen firewood have some qualities similar to alder logs, for example, the ability to loosen soot build-ups in the chimney and prevent smoke and soot from burning. But in other respects they lose significantly.

The wood is friable and you will need too much of it to get the proper results. Therefore, if aspen firewood is used, it is for cleaning the chimney and for igniting other, denser firewood - aspen fires very well.

Linden firewood have a good healing effect, so they are often used in baths, especially in a “duet” with honey infusions. But this wood tends to be very difficult and takes a long time to ignite, however, with subsequent active combustion and high heat transfer.

Everything seems fine, but the durability of such firewood is clearly not up to par. Two years are usually enough for them to lose their advantages.

Poplar and willow firewood It is fashionable to safely classify it as a second-class fuel. They burn out very quickly, without giving the expected heat. That is, too many of them will be required to achieve the required heating of the furnace or boiler.

In a word, their use is justified only in cases where there is no alternative at all.

Firewood from fruit trees– as a rule, this is a very high-quality dense fuel with high heat transfer. But their procurement on any scale significant for heating needs is a problematic matter. Unless there is a large-scale cutting down of an orchard in the immediate vicinity.

Of course, it wouldn’t hurt anyone to have a supply of such firewood. It’s probably better not to come up with anything for a smokehouse, grill, barbecue, or barbecue.

Concluding the issue with firewood, we note a few more recommendations.

The quality of firewood always depends very much not only on the type of wood, but also on the degree of drying. Freshly cut firewood should not be used - it will produce a lot of smoke and soot with much less heat transfer than expected. The table above clearly shows this difference.
The highest quality fuel is obtained from trees felled in winter; there is practically no sap flow in the trunks. Such firewood dries quickly and has maximum energy potential. At the same time, sawn logs must be thoroughly aged and ventilated for four to six months before chopping and placing in woodsheds.
Firewood from trees felled in spring or summer back to top heating season, as a rule, are not ready. That is, these are already reserves for at least next year.

We will not dwell on the conditions for storing firewood here - this is a whole “science” that requires separate consideration. And such an article will soon be published on our portal.

You may be interested in information about what features provide

Other types of solid fuels for stoves and boilers

This group includes fuel briquettes and pellets made from wood waste, as well as natural resources - coal and peat.

Let's look at them briefly in order.

Fuel briquettes and pellets

Any woodworking industry leaves a large amount of small waste - sawdust, shavings, chips, stripped bark, etc. Once upon a time, their disposal even became a considerable problem - it was necessary to uselessly burn tons of this completely usable raw material. Over time, technologies were developed that made it possible to produce substitutes for conventional firewood from such waste.

Fuel wood briquettes have been used abroad for a long time. In our area, the attitude towards them was initially wary, but now many homeowners already consider them as the main type of fuel for their heating equipment.

There are several varieties of such briquettes on sale.

Very convenient for transportation, storage, loading into the firebox briquettes RUF, having the characteristic shape of neat bricks. Perhaps they can be considered the most popular today.

They do not contain anything extra, except crushed sawdust. No binders are used in production. During the pressing process, the natural adhesive substance that is part of cellulose, lignin, is activated. Briquettes “keep their shape” perfectly, do not crumble, and after combustion they leave a minimal amount of waste.

Video: How to choose the right type of fuel briquetteRUF?

Briquettes, which are often called “Eurowood”, are closer to the classical forms. Many companies are involved in their production, for example, the Pini Kay brand is in good demand.

The briquettes are given a shape close to a cylinder, but still with a “cut”, like a pencil - this makes them easier to store, and they won’t “scatter” across the floor. A through channel in the center provides an increase in the combustion area.

Such briquettes undergo special surface heat treatment, which makes them perfectly protected even from direct contact with water.

TO merits wood fuel briquettes can be safely attributed to the following:

Good duration of uniform burning with equally high heat transfer throughout the entire cycle (more than that of conventional firewood).

Briquettes burn almost without residue - solid waste does not exceed 1÷3% of the volume of fuel placed in the combustion chamber. Ash, by the way, is a good fertilizer for a personal plot.

Very low smoke generation. In addition, the smoke is practically odorless. In general, due to the absence of third-party components, such fuel can be classified as environmentally friendly.

Ease of transportation and storage. By the way, briquettes leave virtually no debris at their storage location.

TO shortcomings let's consider the following:

The cost of briquettes is quite affordable, but some owners who are accustomed to firewood or have the opportunity to stock up on firewood almost for free have a different opinion on this matter.

The heat from briquettes is less than from hardwood firewood - they are of little use as fuel in a bathhouse.

They are complained about for their inability to create a “lively” comfortable atmosphere characteristic of a wood-burning stove.

You need some skill in using them. For ignition it is often necessary to use special flammable liquids.

If storage rules are not followed, they can gradually lose strength and crumble.

Pellets– these are also, in fact, pressed briquettes, only in miniature sizes. During their production, crushed wood waste are passed through a special extruder matrix, and the output is “sausages” - cylinders with a diameter of 6÷10 mm and a length of 10÷40 mm. No binders - pressing is ensured, again, due to the presence of lignin.

In principle, all the advantages and disadvantages inherent in fuel briquettes, are also typical for pellets. But there is also a peculiarity - they are not suitable for every boiler or stove, simply because of the specific miniature shape of the granules. Either you will have to fail some modernization of the existing unit, or you will have to purchase a suitable model.

But modern pellet boilers equipped with a loading hopper and an automatic metered fuel supply system into the combustion chamber. This means that intervention in the operation of heating equipment becomes less frequent - frequent loading is not required.

The use of pellets is becoming increasingly popular. This may be confirmed by the fact that home craftsmen have already mastered self-production units for the production of pellets at home. A godsend for those who have free access to wood waste!

Prices for pellet boilers

pellet boilers

Coal as a solid fuel

Information about the classification of this type of solid fuel and its characteristics deserves its own article, and it will be included in the nearest work plan. For now - only about some aspects of the use of coal in solid fuel stoves and boilers.

First of all, this fuel is still not universal. More precisely, not every unit is capable of working with its use. That is, before considering the option of using coal as the main source of energy, you should once again make sure that this possibility is separately stipulated in the device passport.

It's all about the characteristics of this fuel - it is an unstable chemical composition different brands, difficult ignition, high heat transfer and a very significant amount of non-combustible waste (slag), sometimes reaching up to 45% of the load volume.

Three types of coal are used as fuel: brown coal, hard coal of various subtypes, and anthracite.

Brown coal is the “youngest” from a geological point of view. Its calorific value is low, it produces a lot of slag, so it is usually not even seriously considered. In addition, its transportation and storage is a very risky business, since the biochemical processes in it have not yet subsided, and under certain conditions ( high humidity) one cannot exclude the processes of debate turning into smoldering and spontaneous combustion.
Hard coal is used most often. It has a very complex classification, but it can be noted that long-flame grades (LFC) are well suited for stoves or boilers. Low-caking coals have lower heat transfer and higher ash residue, and their use is less profitable. Lean coals contain up to 45% slag, and they are difficult to ignite. But their low price and fairly good heat transfer still make them in demand for boilers with clearly good draft.

Anthracite has the highest calorific value. It is also characterized by a minimal amount of slag and low smoke formation. But widely used in household systems it does not find heating, and, interestingly, precisely because of its main advantage.

The fact is that the use of anthracite is allowed only in those models of boilers or furnaces for which this is specifically stated. Not every unit is able to cope with high temperatures burning anthracite - you can simply “kill” expensive equipment with ill-considered actions. And the “second side of the coin” is that only in such special heating units the possibility of maximizing the use of the energy potential of this coal has been thought out. Otherwise, its use becomes unprofitable, and the efficiency of the furnace or boiler drops sharply.

You might be interested in information about how they work

At the end of the section, we will also present a plate with the calorific values of solid fuel alternatives to firewood. Peat briquettes are also listed there. But, as can be seen from the indicators, the energy output from them is low, even worse than that of brown coal. And it hardly makes sense to use them for heating a house if it is possible to use any other type of solid fuel.

How to calculate how much solid fuel you need to have in stock?

Of course, any owner of a solid fuel heating unit would like to know how much firewood (briquettes, coal) he will need to survive without any problems. winter season. This can be calculated, approximate, of course, but on the scale of a “heating company” it is still quite reliable.

To simplify the task for the reader, we will not give formulas - we will simply invite him to use the capabilities of an online calculator, which already contains the necessary calculation algorithm. And below the calculator will be given necessary explanations to complete the calculation.

If solid fuel is chosen for heating a house for one reason or another, then the homeowner faces the problem of choice: what type of heating equipment to prefer - a stove or a boiler? Old and proven old-fashioned method heating, of course, carries with it a share of retrogradeness, but, nevertheless, it is still alive, and moreover, it is not going to leave the scene. Of course, we are talking about traditional ovens. However, now stoves are increasingly being replaced by solid fuel boilers, which have a number of advantages over stoves. It cannot be said that boilers provide a tremendous advantage, but dealing with them is still more convenient and profitable.

Today, more and more often, owners of country houses are trying to insure themselves autonomous systems heating. And this is quite reasonable, because if a gasified house is left without blue fuel in winter, life in it will become impossible. It’s another matter if you have a stove or boiler, fuel for which can always be obtained in rural areas.

At the same time, a solid fuel stove or boiler is often the only available means heating, since the cost of connecting to the gas mains may exceed all reasonable limits. This brings to mind almost forgotten stoves that provide guaranteed heat in exchange for solid fuel. But it’s even better to purchase a modern solid fuel boiler. His primacy is undeniable, and in this article it will be proven during an objective comparative analysis all aspects.

Let's start with territorial preferences. First of all, let's define a stove. She happens to be heating device, in which, due to the release of heat during the combustion of wood or coal, massive walls are heated, transferring heat to the room. The stove is by no means an inefficient device. The designs of some furnace models allow you to select most generated heat (efficiency up to 90%), the truth in this matter matters human factor, namely, the skill of a stoker. Do not forget that huge palaces were heated for centuries with the most common solid fuel stoves. Modern dwellings have a more modest scale, and solving the heating problem with the help of stoves is more than possible there, especially if there is always someone in the house to throw firewood into the firebox.

However, stove heating cannot be recommended for every cottage. It is believed that it is advisable to use the stove for heating only small houses, the area of which does not exceed 70 m². Exceptions include ovens special designs- Buleryan and Kuznetsov systems. The efficiency of such stoves is so high that they can heat an area of 150 m² or more. The Buleryan furnace has a relatively simple structure, and its appearance can claim to be an art object. Essentially, this is a modernized potbelly stove. Made of metal, it can cope with heating small house, and will help out a large cottage if there are problems with gas supply. The body of the Buleryan stove is wrapped in pipes in which the air in the room is continuously heated. Air circulation inside the pipes occurs naturally due to convection.

In Kuznetsov's furnaces, the emphasis is placed on using a special mechanism for moving burning gases under the influence of their own gravity. The stone walls of the structure, under conditions of increased pressure and the constant presence of turbulence, perceive heat more strongly. In turn, this leads to increase in efficiency furnace and, accordingly, lower fuel consumption. Such stoves, like Buleryan, can decorate the interior and replace the traditional fireplace in the living room.

The boiler, unlike furnaces, is designed to heat the coolant, i.e. heating of the room does not occur directly. This allows you to heat rooms located at a distance from the main heat source. Theoretically, a solid fuel boiler, like a gas boiler, can provide heat to a cottage of any size. The coolant in solid fuel boilers is most often water, less often antifreeze or oil. They can work on wood, hard or brown coal, pellets, peat, etc.

Boiler performance is of primary importance for comfortable heating of the cottage. As in the case of other heating equipment, to calculate power solid fuel boiler use a ratio of 1-1.25 kW per 10 m² of area. Accordingly, for a cottage with an area of 150 m², the boiler power should be 15-19 kW, and taking into account the power reserve - all 20-25 kW. A more accurate calculation of power, taking into account the degree of thermal protection of the building and a number of other factors, will be made by professional heating engineers.

From the point of view of convenience of heating a multi-room cottage, boilers clearly outperform stoves, since they allow the heat of one source to be transported to all rooms. The only stove in the house is capable of this only in the case of a special layout.

Ease of installation of furnaces and boilers

Bake can be folded at any stage of house construction, but in an existing building its installation is very difficult. The only exception is metal stoves type Buleryan, etc., for installation of which it is necessary to assemble an external or internal modular chimney. Typical projects not suitable if heating is planned using classical brick oven. Adaptation of the project will also be required for the Kuznetsov furnace. It’s not for nothing that they say, “dance from the stove” - planning in projects with stove heating literally performed around the stove. The essence of this layout is that all rooms have common wall with a furnace array. In projects with stoves, a foundation for the stove is provided, as well as a passage through the ceilings and the chimney.

Boilers do not require special planning and can be installed in an already built cottage. Moreover, if there is gas boiler, they may have common system. When switching from gas to solid fuel, you only need to transfer the coolant to another boiler by switching the appropriate valves. True, you cannot place a boiler in the living room or dining room - you will need to allocate separate room. The ceiling height in the boiler room for a solid fuel boiler must be at least 2.5 m, while natural lighting is calculated in accordance with the ratio of 0.03 m²/m³. If such a boiler room is located in the basement or in ground floor, then a separate exit to the outside will be required. Finally, the boiler will need to be connected to the chimney; The boiler room itself must be ventilated. Square smoke channel calculated by a specialist. The chimney can be external (necessarily insulated) or internal (thermal insulated and/or lined with brick).

Obviously, installing a stove in a house is more complex than installing a boiler. Moreover, for real good specialist, who can implement the furnace part of the project, is quite difficult to find today. At the same time, many specialized companies install boiler equipment.

Furnaces and boilers in operation

Any solid fuel heat sources are inconvenient because they require periodic loading with fuel and cleaning of the ash pan. Automatic fuel supply can only be organized in boilers operating on pellets (boilers with automatic feeding firewood, coal, briquettes also exist, but they are considered not so reliable), however, this does not relieve the need to clean the ash drawer. The price for energy independence and relative availability of solid fuel is the physical maintenance of the boiler, which requires human presence. If we talk about stoves that heat a cottage, then adding fuel must be repeated up to 7-8 times a day. Traditional stoves use more fuel than modern ones solid fuel boilers. In addition, the latter are distinguished by a longer operating interval on one load. On average, 2-3 hours pass between fuel refills. This became possible thanks to the increased volume of the combustion chamber, as well as a secondary air supply system for afterburning flammable gases emitted by solid fuel. Thus, the number of fuel additions to the boiler furnace can be reduced to 2-3 times a day, which is quite acceptable.

Modern solid fuel boilers can be equipped with automatic controls, which significantly facilitate the work of the stoker. But this system at the same time reduces the energy independence of the heating system, since it uses electricity.

Solid fuel boilers have some differences, depending on the type of fuel used, so burning, say, coal in a boiler designed for burning wood is highly not recommended. Exist universal boilers, but their cost is higher than highly specialized ones, by 30-50%.

The most common and accessible solid fuel in Russia is firewood. To operate a solid fuel boiler that heats a cottage with an area of 150-200 m² per day, you will need 15-20 kg of firewood. They consume approximately the same amount traditional ovens. The most economical is the Kuznetsov stove, which consumes only 10-15 kg of wood when heating the specified area.

As for the issue of operation, in this case stoves are only slightly inferior to boilers, however, even here the primacy does not belong to them. Boilers turn out to be cheaper and easier to install, provide more ample opportunities heat transportation, more convenient to use and at the same time not inferior to stoves in durability.

In this article we will talk about what is best to use for heating your home. : boiler or Which of these devices can provide its complete autonomy. It's the latter is of great importance because:

the operation of external heating sources is very often unstable and unreliable;

The power of external heating sources is sometimes not enough for the tasks modern house;

the cost of connecting to electricity and gas networks is growing every day.

In addition, these are capital investments, the effectiveness of which requires thoughtful calculation and comparison. Considering all of the above, one can understand why heating equipment running on solid fuel is becoming increasingly widespread. That is why both boilers and furnaces are being improved and their capabilities are expanding. But to receive maximum benefit when using them, it is important to understand them accurately intended use, principles of selection and maintenance. Let's consider each type of heating equipment separately.

Bake – This is a heating device in which the heat released during the combustion of fuel (wood or coal) is transferred through the walls of the chimney to the walls of the building and then warms the air in the surrounding rooms. Theoretically, this heating device can heat a room of any size (remember, for example, huge halls Louvre or Winter Palace, which long years heated by stoves), but it required great amount fuel and the constant work of trained personnel, as well as the allocation of large basement or semi-basement rooms for technical purposes and the installation of branched chimneys.

That's why in practice, stoves are intended for high-quality and sustainable heating of the house area 40-70 sq.m.. However, among these devices there are pleasant exceptions. – ovens Buleryan and Kuznetsova.

Stove Buleryan – it is an all-metal structure with numerous outlet pipes . At its core, it is a “potbelly stove”, only when burning fuel it does not become red-hot and does not burn the surrounding air, but provides direct heating. Therefore, this stove can be used to fully heat a small house. However, it is not able to accumulate heat and has low efficiency.

Kuznetsov furnace made on the basis of the traditional one, but it uses a special mechanism for circulating hot air (it moves under the influence of its own gravity) . Due to constant turbulence and increased pressure, the perception of heat by the walls of the structure increases, which leads to a decrease in fuel consumption. However, no matter how well thought out this stove is, it requires adaptation to individual objects.

It is precisely due to the peculiarities of their designs Buleryan and Kuznetsova furnaces can heat houses area up to 100-150 sq.m.. But in houses with several floors large area and large flights of stairs, stoves, like fireplaces, will primarily perform an aesthetic function.

Boiler – This is a set of equipment placed in a single housing designed to transfer energy obtained by burning fuel to a coolant (usually water) . Used as solid fuel firewood, hard or brown coal, pellets, etc.. Unlike a stove, a solid fuel boiler can heat houses of any size. You just need to choose the right equipment with the required performance. For an approximate calculation, you can use the ratio 1-1.25 kW for every 10 sq.m building. For example, for heating a house area 150-170 sq.m you will need a boiler power 20 kW. This power will be quite enough to maintain the required level of heat in the house even on the coldest days. Of course, for a more accurate calculation it is necessary to take into account the type of materials, the thickness and weight of walls and ceilings, the presence and location of windows, etc.

From all of the above it is clear that In terms of heat transfer and cost, solid fuel boilers are preferable to stoves for heating large houses.

Now let's compare construction features both heating devices.

It will be difficult to build a stove in an existing building, but at the stage of its construction it can be built on any floor. Therefore, it is best if you think about heating your home at the design stage. Because (as the famous saying goes: “you need to dance from the stove”) the entire layout of the house will have to be formed around it. The stove should be placed so that all or at least most rooms have access to it. common wall or an angle, that is, they formed a thermal contour. The exception to this rule is stairs, so winter period it will be cold on it. It is also necessary to provide for the possibility of outlet through the floors and roof. chimney pipe.

And here there are no requirements for placing a solid fuel boiler in the house . It can be installed in a house of any shape and layout. It is only necessary to provide a separate room ( boiler room) to place it, ceiling height which should not contain less 2.5 m, A daylight should be calculated based on the ratio 0.03 sq.m/cub.m. Also in this room it is necessary presence of air ventilation, and when placing the boiler room in the basement or ground floor you will need separate exit to the outside. The house as a whole needs an electrical grounding circuit. Well, of course, in this case you can’t do without a device chimney. Its diameter must be calculated by a specialist. However, it must be remembered that this value must be taken with a small margin. A solid fuel boiler can easily be installed in an already existing house. True, in this case you will have to use external structure chimney, which will need to be insulated.

It is also necessary to take into account when choosing heating device, What It is now very difficult to find a highly qualified specialist to build a furnace . But many specialized companies install solid fuel boilers.

Thus, the boiler won an unconditional victory over the furnace here too.

In the next part of the article we will discuss and compare the operating parameters of furnaces and boilers, as well as their maintenance and durability.

The approaching cold weather is forcing residents of Buryatia who are building a private house to quickly decide on heating their homes

Of course, everyone wants it to not require large material costs and physical effort and to be warm and cozy. And therefore, first of all, you need to carefully consider which heating will be most optimal for your home - a simple stove or boiler. And if it’s a boiler, then what fuel does it use - solid, liquid, electricity or gas?

“There is nothing more reliable than a stove”

Stove on two floors

When my husband and I were thinking about what kind of heating to choose, we decided that nothing had yet been invented more reliable and cheaper than a simple stove,” says the owner of the house.

In the most severe cold, they heat the fire twice a day: one firebox in the morning and one in the evening. The house is reliably insulated on the outside and finished with metal siding.

Over the winter, the owners burn one and a half to two cars of firewood.

"Zakamenskaya" stove

Ulan-Ude residents Svetlana and Alexey Dorzhiev also maintain their position in favor of the stove. They, unlike Darima, are just building their house.

When we were faced with the problem of choosing heating, we, after consulting with our loved ones, chose the stove,” says Alexey. “We cannot afford to build a boiler house with an expensive boiler, buy components for it, and these include pipes, radiators, an expansion tank, etc.

At first, as they say, they wanted to install steam heating from the stove. Since the house is large, with an extension it is 11 by 14 meters. But then my friends advised me to completely abandon pipes and radiators throughout the house, and install an unusual stove, which they nicknamed “Zakamenskaya”, since the stove maker is from Zakamna. It differs from a simple oven in its size. It is only 25 - 30 centimeters wide, and three meters long, and it replaces the entire main wall. The stove will heat the hallway, kitchen, living room and in one corner a large dressing room. There is no heating in two bedrooms.

Two stoves in the house

There are also those in the republic who, in the old fashioned way, install two stoves in a large house, as Damdin Erdyneev, a former resident of the Eravninsky district and now a resident of Ulan-Ude, did.

He transported to the city a house that he had built for his family back in the late 90s, measuring 14 by 12 meters. Friends laugh, they say there’s a whole gym,” Damdin shares.

According to him, he did not install any heating, but simply installed two simple stoves. He lived through one winter and does not complain about the cold.

Of course, it takes a lot of firewood, after all there are two stoves, but it’s still better than messing around with the boiler room. There is a lot of hassle there, taking care of the entire heating system, and you can’t turn it off in the winter cold, because everything will freeze. And you can leave the stove on at any time, and if necessary, light it, says Erdyneev.

In the next issue we will talk about which boiler is best to choose for your home. Our readers will also share their experience and talk about the advantages and disadvantages of different boilers.

Reference:

A large stove for a house measuring 8 by 9 meters requires 1000 bricks

For a medium-sized oven - 800 pieces

For a stove for a small two-story house with one firebox without a fireplace - 1200 pieces

One pallet contains 400 pieces

Price for one stove brick

7 rub. 50 kopecks

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