Original houses for a summer residence. DIY country house: diagrams and instructions on how to build a country house

Our company builds inexpensive turnkey garden houses in Moscow and the Moscow region. Over many years of activity, we have collected many successful forms of houses from economy class to exclusive solutions at a reasonable price. In the site’s catalog you can find both small options for purely utilitarian purposes, and full-fledged country houses for long-term comfortable living in the summer months.

Do you want to build garden house By own project? We will take care of all the hassle - we will develop a unique design project, professionally implement it “in wood”, carefully deliver the kit to the site and assemble it as quickly as possible. A garden house made of timber will certainly become a decoration of your dacha and a favorite place to relax.
Here are just some of our advantages that will help you make the right choice:

The prices for our garden houses made of timber are perhaps the most favorable in Moscow and the Moscow region. This was achieved through a consistent reduction in production costs. In this case, high-quality materials and components are used.
Environmentally friendly materials - dry profiled mini-timber and hardwood boards. Processed according to our own technology, without adding adhesive components and other harmful chemicals.
Minimum construction time. From the sketch of the project to the turnkey delivery of the garden house it will take no more than 7-10 days. In case you choose ready-made solution– the delivery time will be significantly reduced.
High quality. Our team is professional builders with impressive experience in the industry. What is important is that the entire construction process will be controlled by our management.
Modern design and comfort. Our country houses combine pleasant, cozy shapes inspired by rustic motifs, while at the same time they look quite modern. A thoughtful layout will make your stay at the dacha as comfortable as possible.

Order construction from us wooden house– it’s inexpensive, fast and hassle-free. We will help you arrange your suburban area so that you get only unforgettable impressions from your summer holiday.

As warm days approach, an increasing number of our compatriots try to visit their summer cottages every weekend. What could be better than relaxing in nature, the opportunity to breathe fresh air, enjoy the sun and the wealth of flora? There is only an opportunity to extend this pleasure for a longer period - to spend not only a weekend at the dacha, but also a vacation, and maybe the whole summer. But for this it is necessary to equip a small dwelling on a summer cottage. If you have not yet acquired a country house, then this publication may be useful and inspiring for you.

Before you start choosing a project for a summer house, you need to decide how often it will be used and how long you will live in it. Will you use your country house only in the warm season or are you planning to visit the country house in the cold season? Or maybe you only need a summer house for daytime use and storage of tools and necessary equipment for dacha work, but no one will spend the night in it? The answers to all these questions will determine not only the choice of the size of the country house, but also the material from which it will be made and decorated.

For many of our compatriots, country houses have ceased to be a luxury, having become an urgent necessity. Some people like to spend every weekend outside the bustle and pollution of the city, and for others, the entire summer time spent at the dacha is the best months of the year. And there are also homeowners who spend many winter days indoors in their country home. That's why it's better to initial stage planning to decide whether you will need heating and water supply in the house and other engineering systems (electricity will most likely be provided by default).

When we talk about permanent housing, we mean an apartment or home ownership, which reflects the lifestyle of the owners, their stylistic and taste preferences, and even their way of thinking. A country house is not much different from the main place of residence; it is also able to reflect your views on the perception of the most different concepts. Therefore it is worth paying attention Special attention setting priorities in the design and arrangement of summer (or off-season) houses for a summer residence.

In order to feel truly calm, cozy and safe in a country house, it is important at the construction planning stage to find out all the advantages and disadvantages of certain projects, to find out as much information as possible about building materials and methods for quickly constructing temporary dwellings for summer cottages or thoroughly constructing a monumental building for a long time. and off-season accommodation.

Choosing a country house project

Nowadays, country house projects are one of the fastest growing areas of design and engineering. Regardless of whether you are planning to build a small summer house or a substantial home for year-round living, at the design stage it will be necessary to take into account the features of the landscape and type of soil of the summer cottage (the choice of foundation will largely depend on this).

Projects of country houses can be divided into standard (ready-made) and individual (created to suit your requirements, wishes and features of the landscape of your summer cottage). If you contact a development company for standard project, then you can be sure that the option you have chosen has already been worked out (you may even be able to see what the projects of this company look like a few years after implementation). In this case, the risk is minimized, and the cost of such a project will be acceptable and affordable.

But what to do if the standard options for country houses do not suit you. If you want uniqueness, originality and creativity while maintaining maximum practicality and comfort? In this case, it is necessary to order an individual, special project, which will certainly take more time and financial resources.

Ordering individual project, you will need to work closely with the designer. It is important that the features design solutions had a harmonious architectural embodiment. For a country house, it is necessary to maintain a balance in the use of decor, both in the exterior of the building and in its interior. Try to avoid overload in everything; it is better to strive for minimalism in this case.

An ideal house project would be one that takes into account not only the practical side of the issues of a comfortable stay for the owners at the dacha, their stylistic preferences and budget for the project, but also the harmony of the resulting building with environment, landscape design dacha plot, the natural features of the area of residence.

What material to choose for building a country house?

If you have already figured out design ideas, then it’s time to think about what materials your country house will be made of. Let's try together to look at the advantages and disadvantages of the most popular materials for the construction of country temporary or off-season housing.

The modern construction market offers a considerable range of materials for the construction of country housing, the most popular are the following:

tree;
stone, brick;
foam block;
frame products.

Of course, these are not all options for materials for the construction of summer cottages; there are houses from reinforced concrete slabs, metal plates or even straw. But we will look at the most popular and practical options.

Country house made of foam blocks

Foam blocks began to be used for construction not so long ago, but this material has already become popular among our compatriots. Houses built from foam blocks are quite durable and comfortable. They are highly economical and energy saving. Among other things, the foam block has a surface that is easy to process and decorate. As a result, not only the construction of the building, but also its finishing cost an amount acceptable for most Russians, which for many homeowners is a key aspect when choosing materials for construction.

Advantages of foam block buildings:

comfortable indoor microclimate, regardless of the time of year;
high fire resistance;
excellent sound insulation;
acceptable price;
durability;
good resistance to climatic conditions (a foam block house perfectly retains coolness in summer and warmth in winter, which means much less electricity is spent on heating and air conditioning the home);

If you are planning a long stay at the dacha, but without installing additional engineering systems, then a foam block house will be the most advantageous option.

Disadvantages of foam block houses:

a foundation is required, which means additional costs for materials and labor;
construction time is required much more than when assembling frame dwellings.

As a rule, houses built from foam blocks are lined decorative panels, giving them a very respectable and attractive appearance.

Dwelling for a summer residence made of stone or brick

If you plan to spend a lot of time at your dacha, including during the cold season, then you need to consider the option of building a house made of brick or even stone. Obviously, such a structure can serve you for many decades if minimal care. But as durable as such houses are, they are also expensive in terms of purchasing material and paying for construction work (this is especially true for buildings made of stone).

Advantages of brick and stone dwellings:

durability;
strength;
reliability;
resistance to humidity, temperature changes and climatic conditions (strong wind, for example);
high sound insulation;
good heat capacity, which means savings on heating systems

But besides the obvious advantages, there are also disadvantages that become noticeable when it comes to country housing:

high cost of materials and work of construction specialists;
a lot of time must be spent to build a house even of small size;
The only possible foundation option is monolithic (there is no saving). This is due to the high density of the material and, as a result, the large mass of the building walls;
the construction of a monolithic foundation entails the use of special equipment and the necessary wait (for a month or more) for the concrete to acquire the necessary strength.

A brick or stone house is suitable for living in winter only if you plan to spend more than two days there (weekends). If not permanent residence in a brick or stone house, every time you turn it on heating system(on gas or diesel fuel), you will need to wait almost a day (depending on the size of the house) until it warms up.

Wooden house for a summer residence - material features

From the very beginning of the emergence of country houses, people gave preference to houses made of wood. Natural raw materials will never lose popularity. Wooden houses are the most environmentally friendly; they give owners an atmosphere of comfort, warmth and tranquility. Currently, the country houses of our compatriots are mostly one-story small buildings.

But there are also buildings with attics and two-story houses. Often there is a need for additional space, but there is little space left for construction on a summer cottage. In this case, the option of a summer house with an attic comes to the rescue. It also helps out if you need a garage. But it is necessary to take into account that if you live permanently in a dacha, heating a building on two levels will be more difficult and costly.

Advantages of wooden cottages for summer cottages:

are cheaper than brick and stone;
construction takes less time;
due to the lighter weight of the material, a pile-screw foundation can be used on almost all types of soil (its installation is carried out in a few days and without the use of complex construction equipment, there is no need to dig a pit);
wood does not conduct sound waves well, which means that a wooden house will be quiet and peaceful;
excellent thermal insulation (in winter you will have to burn a minimum amount of fuel, heat loss is insignificant);
in winter, heating a cold, uninhabited house is much easier and faster than a brick or stone one;
there is a lot of room for imagination, there are practically no restrictions on the shape and size of wooden houses (due to their low weight and high strength material);
high environmental safety for people and the environment;
wood self-regulates the level of humidity - if there is excess moisture, the material will absorb it, otherwise, the lack of moisture will be compensated for from wooden walls and floors. It is very comfortable to be in a room with wooden surfaces.

This option of building material is perfect for owners who do not have the opportunity to permanently live in the country and only go there on weekends.

Disadvantages of wood as a material for construction:

high fire hazard (the need to treat all building materials with a special solution);
low resistance to fungus and rot (the use of antiseptic impregnations will significantly reduce the risk of mold and possible subsequent destruction of the material).

Unfortunately, all these impregnations have a very complex chemical composition and by using them to process wood, we deprive the material of its environmental friendliness and its “breathing” properties. There is an inevitable dilemma between the safety, aesthetics and environmental properties of wood.

In terms of construction options, there are several types wooden houses. The most popular of them are a chopped wooden house, made entirely on the basis of a log house, or a country house made of laminated veneer lumber. Such houses can have an attic, attic, or frame houses.

The following types of foundations are usually used for the construction of wooden houses:

monolithic;
columnar;
pile

It should be noted that in our country, permanent structures made of timber on a monolithic foundation, but with a slight depth, are most widespread. A material such as timber is suitable for quick construction. It will only take a couple of weeks to build a reliable home with good heat and sound insulation and minimal costs for subsequent heating. But you need to be prepared for the fact that a house made of timber will require insulation and exterior finishing(which can be started no earlier than a year after the completion of the first stage of construction of the house).

As for laminated veneer lumber, ready-made construction blanks, manufactured in the factory, are delivered to your summer cottage. What is called a “turnkey” house can be built right away; laminated veneer lumber is a dry material. Due to the fact that the timber is planed on all sides, the finished surfaces require almost no additional finishing. But sand the walls a little and cover them protective layer still have to.

But no material is without its drawbacks. If during the manufacturing process of laminated veneer lumber, technological errors occurred (for example, the boards were not completely dried), this will affect all the properties of the material and the structure as a whole. Therefore, you should not chase after cheapness (and ready-made houses made of laminated veneer lumber are attractive due to their affordability), it is better to choose a trusted developer company with recommendations and a well-known name in the market.

There is another option for making a wooden house - handmade log houses. In this case, the logs undergo minimal processing; only a small part of the top layer of wood is cut off, which certainly affects the properties of the material and subsequently the entire building. The houses are strong and durable. Logs of the highest quality are taken for the log house, they are carefully sorted to meet the strict requirements of the building geometry. As a result, you can be sure of high thermal insulation properties wooden dwelling. A calibrated handmade log house differs from a rounded log house precisely in the minimal processing of the initial raw material - logs. But the cost of such a home will be significantly higher not only than a frame house, but also a building made of laminated veneer lumber.

Features of frame country houses

Many of our compatriots are pleased with the prospect of getting a country house in literally a matter of days. You simply choose the building project you like from the developer and sign the contract. Next, the developer carries out most of the work on assembling frame panels on his own territory, and a half-ready constructor arrives at your site. With the help of special equipment, finished panels are assembled very quickly.

The low weight of the structure allows the use of a pile type of foundation, which requires a minimum of material and time. Frame houses have an attractive appearance, and their cost is significantly lower than brick or wooden ones.

But such a house will be good value for money for you only in the warm season (in our country this is approximately from May to September, depending on the climate in the region). The fact is that the technology of frame “fast” houses was initially developed for use in Europe and the USA, where in most regions, even in winter, the temperature does not drop significantly below zero degrees. Even if there is good insulation, the heat loss of the house will be great, the fuel consumption for heating the building in winter (even in frosts down to -10 degrees) will be maximum. Even an individual heating system will not be able to cope with sufficient heating of the building in severe frosts, and there is no need to talk about central heating. Moreover, all kinds of insulation are materials that are very popular with different types of rodents, which is an additional problem for the owners.

In the heat of the summer, frame houses are also uncomfortable. The walls get very hot in the sun and begin to radiate heat inside the room, as a result it will simply be impossible to stay in the house. It is necessary to install forced ventilation and air conditioning systems.

Frame houses are cheap to build, but expensive to operate. In addition, the design features do not allow the building to “breathe”. Several layers of film under the insulation do not allow air to pass through at all.

712 1068 Dix https://www..pngDix 2015-05-07 19:26:54 2018-11-30 11:20:59 Interesting, original and practical country houses

After purchasing a country plot for a summer residence, it becomes necessary to topical issue about how to build a country house with your own hands. Well, building it yourself is quite possible, unless, of course, you are planning a huge “palace” that requires the involvement of construction equipment and a team of professionals.

Usually compact buildings are chosen for a dacha, but, nevertheless, the house must have everything necessary for rest - rooms, kitchen, veranda. The latter will become a favorite place for an evening pastime all family. It is very important to make the country house cozy and comfortable, so you need to think through all the nuances of its arrangement.

The optimal material for country house building is wood, and the principle of construction is a frame structure.

Of course, the first thing that will need to be done is to decide on the location and size of the building, draw up a project, and plan further work.

Proe ct of a small country house

The size of the future house largely depends on the area of the summer cottage, the number of family members and the financial capabilities of the owners. If you plan wisely, draw up a successful project and choose an inexpensive, but quality material for construction, you can save space, money and work time.

In any case, the first steps are drawing up a project

Most often, a country house has a size of 5.0 × 6.0 or 4.0 × 6.0 m. Larger buildings are erected much less frequently, and mainly in cases where they are planned to be used year-round. But this will most likely not be a country house, but a full-fledged country house.

The layout of the house may have to be carried out on the basis of requirements that can be established by the board of the gardening association, therefore, when purchasing, you need to find out about such nuances in advance. The following distances are most often required:

The house must be installed at a distance of 3 meters from the border of the neighboring plot, and from the fence separating the plot from the general passage (street) - 5 meters.
In order to ensure fire safety, a stone house is placed at a distance of at least six meters from another stone building, and ten meters from a wooden one. If the house is wooden, then it should be installed at a distance of no closer than 15 meters from another wooden building.
So that the house does not block neighboring buildings from sunlight, if it is placed on the eastern, southern or western side of the site, it is located at a distance from another residential building at least equal to its height.

Usually, to install a country house, the highest place in the area where Water will not collect when snow melts or from heavy rains. High humidity under the house will never benefit any building material, but it will always have a negative impact on the overall strength and durability of the structure.

Most often, the following construction technologies are chosen for the construction of country houses: frame-panel construction, log houses, walls made of blocks or bricks.

For summer cottages, designs of one-story houses with closed or open verandas or terraces are predominantly chosen. Often the building has an attic space used for storage gardening tools and other things that seem unnecessary in everyday life, but which can always be useful in the country. However, it also happens that in some projects there are no attic floor beams at all, and then the roof slopes simultaneously serve as a ceiling.

If the family is large, and the area of the plot is not as large as we would like, then you can plan two-storey house, taking up very little space at the base. In this case, the first floor can be used as a living room, terrace and kitchen, and on the second floor you can arrange cozy sleeping areas for the whole family.

Not at all necessary in a dacha building, build a full second floor, since its role can be perfectly fulfilled by an attic superstructure. By decorating it with natural materials, you can create a wonderful, healthy country atmosphere.

Country houses are mainly used in the warm season, starting with the arrival of spring and ending in autumn. Therefore, they do not require enhanced insulation of walls and roofs, but devices for heating the premises must still be provided - in case of cold nights or a drop in temperature during unstable weather. Typically, electrical appliances are used as heaters, for example, convectors or infrared film emitters, but sometimes owners even prefer to install fireplaces or cast iron heating and cooking stoves.

By the way, if you plan to build a real fireplace or brick stove, then they must be included in the project being compiled.

There are also ready-made versions of country houses, sold complete in disassembled form, which simply need to be delivered to the site and assembled. Any such set of parts must be accompanied by detailed instructions, which outline the procedure for carrying out the work, basic technological techniques and connection diagrams of individual elements and assemblies.

For the owner of the site, who has basic construction skills, it will not be difficult to assemble such a country house yourself. The main advantage of this option is that often the kit already includes everything necessary for electrical network buildings for him ventilation system and even for installation of water supply.

Video: a small, neat country house that lives up to its name

What type of house to choose?

Having decided on the approximate plan of the future house, you need to choose the material for its construction. This choice will determine not only the appearance of the building itself, but also the comfort of staying in it, as well as the costs of its construction.

Traditional material for country house is wood, which will create a favorable microclimate in it, filling it with the smells of the forest. Wooden house can be erected using a frame method, from timber or logs. Disadvantage wooden buildings consider the material to have a high fire hazard.

However, wooden houses have always been built, and many of them have stood for centuries. Today, there are special fire-retardant impregnations on sale that significantly reduce the risk of fire in wooden buildings. And in general, the most important thing here is not the material, but human factor– it is people’s neglect of basic fire safety requirements that in the overwhelming majority of cases becomes the cause of fire.

The construction of a brick structure will cost much more, but it can with good reason be called a full-fledged house, which can be used not only in the summer, but also, if necessary, in the winter, if you install a stove in it. Brick buildings are much less susceptible to fire and, with high-quality masonry, will last a very long time. Their disadvantages include a more complex and lengthy construction process, requiring special skills, and the high price of materials.

Very often, different materials are used when building a country house. For example, a house is built from wood, but on a foundation made of concrete, brick or blocks.

This option can be called optimal, since a foundation made of moisture-resistant materials will create optimal conditions for the construction of walls made of wood, thus it will become a reliable foundation for the house.

It is this last option that is worth considering, since it is the most popular of all types of country houses.

Stages of construction of a country house

Materials for building a country house

If you don’t want to bother with calculations, then it’s better to purchase a prefabricated ready-made model of a house that has a certain area, for which you only need to prepare a place.

In all other cases, you will need to purchase building materials. Their type, size, volume, total number - all depending on the size of the planned building, which is determined by the project.

Prices for various types of timber

Foundation material

For any type of foundation you will need following materials:

— sand, crushed stone, cement;

- third-grade board and timber for formwork;

- brick or concrete blocks;

— waterproofing material (roofing felt);

— expanded clay of the middle fraction.

Wall and roof material

Since wood was chosen for the construction of the walls, other materials will be selected based on this:

— bars and boards of different sizes, depending on the design parameters;

- fastening elements - nails, self-tapping screws, bolts, studs;

- corners different configurations, metal plates - for fastening nodes;

— vapor barrier film ;

— insulation — mineral wool, ecowool or expanded clay;

— to cover the roof, it is better to choose a lightweight material — ondulin or corrugated sheeting.

Once the installation location for the future house has been determined and the materials have been purchased, you can proceed to arranging the foundation. True, first you will have to decide on its type.

Country house foundation

Even when erecting such a small and light building as a wooden country house, you cannot do without a foundation. In this case, one of two types is ideal for these purposes - a columnar and strip foundation. Which one to choose depends on the preferences of the builder.

A column foundation will be a less expensive option, as it will allow you to seriously save on building materials. In addition, such a foundation can be completed independently, without outside help, which will also save some money.

You can find out in detail how to build it correctly by following this link to the corresponding page of our portal.

To create a strip foundation, you will need not only a larger amount of materials, but also a fairly long period of time. This is not surprising - a trench will need to be dug along the entire perimeter of the future house, waterproof her, install reinforcement structure, build formwork and fill the pit with concrete. And after that, whether you like it or not, you will also need month period until the filled tape has completely hardened and gained brand strength.

However, strip foundations are still very popular among individual developers. This option is convenient because it allows you to make basement However, for this, the foundation walls will have to be raised above the soil surface by 700 ÷ 800 mm. is described in detail in the article, which can be found on our portal by following the link provided.

If a columnar foundation is selected, then it is recommended to remove the upper layer soil by 150 ÷ 200 mm. Then pour a 30 ÷ 40 mm layer of sand into the resulting pit, which should be compacted. A layer is laid on top of the sand cushion mid-fraction crushed stone and is also compacted, and the remaining space must be filled with expanded clay of the middle fraction. All these procedures are done to ensure that small rodents cannot get close to the house. They cannot stand expanded clay (especially small clay), as it contains a large amount of dust and has a loose surface.

Expanded clay of fine fraction - excellent remedy from rodents

To protect the house from the penetration of large rodents or other uninvited guests from the animal world, it is advisable to close the space under the house metal mesh with cells no larger than 10 mm.

Construction of a frame structure

For a country house, the best choice is a frame structure

A frame house can be placed on either a columnar or strip foundation. Construction always starts from the foundation, which must be reliably waterproofed two or three layers of laid roofing felt.

If the project includes a veranda, you must immediately separate its zone, over which a roof will be erected, but there will be no solid walls. To support the roof over the veranda, you can use the racks of the general wall frame. Another option - veranda will be attached to the house separately.
All without exception wooden blanks must be treated with antiseptic compounds and fire retardants. These impregnations will increase the resistance of wood to fire, to decay, will prevent the appearance of insect nests or colonies of microflora representatives - mold or fungus.

After the workpieces have received proper preparation and are completely dry, during construction, a lower frame (crown) is first made, which will be laid on the foundation and will subsequently be used to install the floor.

In order for the floor to be reliable, it is necessary to use high-quality timber of the required cross-section for the frame. If funds allow, then it is better to choose wooden elements not according to the “lower limit” of dimensions, but by placing a certain margin in their cross-section.

The table shows the optimal dimensions of timber for a frame house:

The frame support beams are mounted on crown bars located along the perimeter of the foundation, at a distance of 600 ÷ 700 mm from each other. They are secured using corners or by inserting. If the elements have big size in cross-section, they can additionally be fastened with metal staples.

When the lower frame with support beams is ready, the wall frames are made. They can be assembled separately, and then, when finished, lifted and secured to the framing bars.

Another option is to lift the frame directly into place. For example, if a house is being erected independently, without helpers, then it will be very difficult to lift the finished frame from the tent alone to the height of the frame, install it evenly and temporarily fix it until it is finally secured. This means that each of the bars will have to be placed separately.

The size of the bars for the wall frame posts must be at least 100x100 mm, but it can also be mounted from boards with a cross-section of at least 50x150 mm.

The bars are secured to the lower frame using powerful corners that can hold them in a vertical position. It is best to use self-tapping screws rather than nails for fastening - the difference in price is not so significant, but the quality and reliability of the assembly is incomparably higher.

When installing vertical racks, you need to immediately mark the location of the openings for windows and doors. It is best to leave the area where they are to be installed free in the frame, and install the part of the wall with the window opening separately.

Then, when the upper strapping block is installed and secured to all other vertical posts, the area with the window opening is secured to the space left for it.

All four walls are assembled in the same way. At the corners, the side posts are fastened together with corners, or instead of two separate ones, one common corner post is mounted. It is recommended to support it with diagonal struts on both sides - they will add rigidity to the entire wall structure.

The doorway is installed in the frame immediately. It is reinforced with an additional rack, since a door suspended on hinges has a certain weight, which must be calmly supported by both the reinforced opening and the entire wall frame.

If you plan to sheathe the frame from the outside with clapboard, then this is the next step. The sheathing will give the structure additional rigidity, which will allow the installation of the attic floor to continue and

Floor installation can be carried out immediately after external cladding walls, but only if the roof is covered with roofing on the same day. It is highly undesirable for your freshly laid flooring to get wet if it rains unexpectedly at night. Therefore, it is better to first resolve the issue with the roof, and then calmly deal with all other construction activities inside the house.

Roof construction and roofing

Types of rafter systems

A few words need to be said about the types of rafter systems, since, moving on to the construction of the roof, it is necessary to have a general idea about this, to know which design is best to choose.

There are two types of rafter systems - hanging and layered.

Hanging system

Hanging rafter system differs in that it is installed only on external load-bearing walls and has no other supports. It is perfect for erecting over a small country house building. In order to ease the burden on wooden walls and on the foundation, the hanging rafters are fastened with a tie.

Myself hanging structure consists of a cross beam, which also performs a covering function, and can simultaneously serve as a frame for lining the ceiling, as well as rafter legs that form the roof slopes.

Layered system

The layered system is installed if in the house, in addition to external walls, there are internal capital partitions that will become additional support points. This scheme can also be used when constructing the roof of a country house, if it has a large area and its rooms are separated by walls built on the foundation.

When installing this system, the load on the load-bearing side walls becomes weaker, so it will be possible to use fewer retaining elements. It's great for attic structures which will be used as living quarters.

Floor beams

An important structural element is the floor beams

The beams are laid exactly above the vertical posts of the wall frame. In order for them to fit tightly on the upper strapping belt, grooves are cut out at their edges. The size of the grooves can be calculated based on the formula shown in the figure.

The beams are fixed to frame structure walls using nails or self-tapping screws, and additionally they are sometimes fixed on both sides with metal corners.

Having completed the installation of the ceiling beams, you can proceed to building the roof truss system. For safety reasons, temporary plank flooring is laid on the floor beams to ensure comfortable movement along the attic plane during installation of the rafters.

Installation of the rafter system

The roof truss system can be mounted using different sequences of fastening its elements:

First option. It is necessary to fasten the outer pairs of rafter legs on the ground, then lift them onto the harness and install them ready-made on the gable walls of the house. And then connect them with a ridge beam, and mount the remaining pairs of rafters on it.
Second option. To begin, install the middle posts along the gables, then fasten them with a ridge beam or board, onto which the rafters are then attached.
Third option. In this case, pairs of rafter legs in their upper part are attached to each other with a ridge plate, and their lower side is fixed to the wall frame, which is in this option will act as a mauerlat.

The cross-section of beams or logs used for rafter legs must be strictly maintained - depending on the rafter length between two support points, and depending on the step between adjacent pairs of rafters

Maximum permissible rafter leg length (in mm)	Rafter spacing (in mm)
	1100		1400		1750		2100
	*Section of the rafter leg (in mm)*
	bars with cross-section	logs Ø	bars with cross-section	logs Ø	bars with cross-section	logs Ø	bars with cross-section	logs Ø
up to 3000	80×100	100	80×100	130	90×100	150	90×160	160
up to 3600	80×130	130	80×160	160	80×180	180	90×180	180
up to 4300	80×160	160	80×180	180	90×180	180	100×200	200
up to 5000	80×180	180	80×200	200	100×200	200	-	-
up to 5800	80×200	200	100×200	200	-	-	-	-
up to 6500	100×200	200	120×220	240	-	-	-	-

It should be noted that the attachment point for the rafters in its lower part will depend on the angle at which they are fastened to the ridge and how long they are.

If the rafter is long enough and protrudes beyond the load-bearing walls, then a notch is cut out on it, with which it will be installed on the strapping beam (). An example of such a notch is shown in the picture:

If the rafter ends at the edge load-bearing wall, then its lower edge is cut at a right angle to the Mauerlat, and the leg itself can be fixed to it using a special fastening plate, a sliding support, an angle, a bracket, nails or long self-tapping screws.

If the house is very small, then after securing the rafters to the frame, tying them with ridge beams or boards, you most likely will not have to install additional supporting elements.

Detailed information about the exact details can be obtained from a special publication on our portal by following the recommended link:

For installation of additional reinforcing elements of the rafter system, the material can be selected in accordance with the recommendations indicated in the table:

Prices for various types of fasteners for rafters

Rafter fasteners

Roofing system

After the rafters and additional elements form the roof slopes, you can proceed to the installation of the subsystem for the roof deck.

The first thing that needs to be done on the outside of the roof, after installing the rafters, is to lay a vapor barrier film, securing it first with staples and then with counter-lattice strips on the rafters.

The film is laid perpendicular to the rafters, starting from the lower eaves of the roof. The overlap between two adjacent strips must be at least 200 mm.

The main batten is mounted perpendicular to the counter-lattice, onto which the roofing material will be attached. The installation step of the guides depends on the type and size of the sheets of roofing material.

If a soft roof is chosen to cover the roof, then instead of sheathing slats, the slopes are covered completely - with plywood, and then with waterproofing sheets of roofing felt, which are overlapped by 150 ÷ 200 mm and glued together bitumen mastic. Another option is to use soft bitumen decorative tiles, which are laid using a similar technology.

For wooden houses the following are most often used: roofing materials(depending on the steepness of the roof slope).

The selected roofing material is laid and secured onto the prepared base. The work starts from the cornice, and if the first row is laid from right to left, then all other rows are installed according to the same pattern.

Some types of roofing materials have a strictly specified installation pattern in direction, which cannot be changed. This must be indicated in the instructions supplied with them.

Also, for any type of sheet roofing material, the amount of overlap in the direction of the slope (usually 150 ÷ 200 mm) and the number of waves (relief protrusions) in the horizontal direction along the roof are determined.

Almost all roofing materials are secured to the sheathing using special nails or self-tapping screws with waterproofing gaskets.

It is very important to correctly select and secure the ridge elements of the roof, otherwise it will leak at the first rain. Typically, the ridge element is selected from the same material as the covering of the roof slopes.
Next, the eaves of the roof are finished - this can be done with wooden or plastic lining. Sometimes special plastic elements - soffits - are used for these purposes.

Then elements of the roof drainage system are installed on the wind board - funnels, gutters on brackets, pipes, etc.

Next, the gable sides of the rafter system are sheathed. Most often, wooden or plastic lining or even planed boards.

For the lining, a special profile is fixed around the perimeter of the pediment triangle, into which the prepared panels, cut at the desired angle, will be installed. Installation is usually done symmetrically - from the middle post to one side and then the other - then the cladding will be smooth and neat.

By the way, install the lining, Besides, you can do it horizontally, in a herringbone pattern, or come up with a more complex pattern.

Detailed information about the technology can be found in the article posted on our website by clicking on link.

Now, having finished the external finishing of the roof and being confident that rain will no longer get inside the country house, you can move on to installing windows and doors, insulation, flooring and wall cladding.

Installation of windows and doors

Window frames are mounted in the frame openings left for them and leveled. For preliminary fixation when placing the frame, spacers made of wooden blocks or slats are installed between it and the opening bars.

Then, after checking the correct installation, the frames are attached to the wall frame with metal strips. The remaining gaps between the frame and frame bars are filled with polyurethane foam. After it dries, the excess is cut off and around the windows with outside platbands are installed on the walls, which will close the unsightly appearance of the gaps and give neatness general appearance house.

It is best to install the door together with the door frame, if it has sufficient rigidity. This will make it much easier to level the entire structure doorway walls.

It is best to install the door as a block - together with the frame and leaf

When exposing the door frame, if necessary, to achieve a clear vertical position, place wedges (inserts) from wooden slats. Fixed door frame to the frame in the same way as window frames, using metal strips, and the gap is filled with polyurethane foam.

Having installed all the windows and doors, you can proceed to installing the floor.

Installation and insulation of floors

To begin with, the temporary flooring from the boards (if there was one) is removed from the lower frame, and then you need to install the subfloor.

To do this, on frame load-bearing beams nailed or screwed cranial bars. They are necessary for laying transverse subfloor boards on them.

Next, boards cut to exact size or plywood 8 ÷ 10 mm thick are laid on the skull blocks - this flooring will serve as a subfloor.
The subfloor laid on top is closed hydro- paro— insulating film, which should cover both the load-bearing beams and the entire floor plane. Individual sheets of material are laid overlapping (by 150 ÷ 200 mm) and taped at the joints with waterproof tape.

Next, the vapor barrier film is laid or filled with insulation material. If you don’t want to have neighbors who like to live under the floor, then it is better to use expanded clay of medium or fine fraction, or ecowool, to insulate the floor - these toothy pests simply do not live in such materials.

Another layer of film membrane is laid on top of the insulation, which is nailed to the supporting beams with staples. The installation principle is exactly the same as on a subfloor.

The floor is finished!

The entire structure is then covered with thick plywood or wooden floorboards.

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

Measures for additional thermal insulation

When the floor is completely ready, the walls of the house are insulated and sheathed from the inside. If the building will be used only in the warm season, then the insulation will still not hurt - it will work as an insulator of the premises from heating in extreme heat. Therefore, it is recommended to lay a thermal insulation layer not only in the walls, but also in the ceiling, and if it is missing, place insulation along the internal slopes of the roof.

First, it is fixed to all walls and ceiling beams. vapor barrier material. Then the ceiling is covered with clapboard, plywood or plasterboard.
After covering the ceiling, the walls are insulated. Insulation mats are laid between the frame posts. It is necessary to ensure that the mats fit as tightly as possible against the bars of the wall frame, so that there are no gaps left.

That is why they are most often used as insulation. mineral wool– after being tightly laid between the racks, it will straighten out, completely filling all the space. The material is usually selected so that the thickness of the mats and the thickness of the frame posts are the same.

After this, all walls are again covered with vapor barrier film.

The next step is covering the walls with wooden paneling, plywood or. The latter, with subsequent decorative finishing walls can be painted with water-based paint or covered with wallpaper.

Next, it is insulated attic floor, there is insulation - it is laid between the floor beams.

If the ceiling is sheathed on the side of the house with plasterboard or clapboard, then we must not forget that you cannot step on it, since the sheathing will not support the weight of a person. You must move carefully along the floor beams.

If the attic is planned to be used for storing various garden supplies, then a flooring made of boards or plywood with a thickness of at least 10 mm should be secured on top of the insulation on the floor beams.
Finishing touches interior decoration there will be installation of platbands on windows and doors, ceiling and floor skirting boards and closing the corners with fittings.

Extensions to the house

The last stages of arranging a country house are installation work on the veranda and porch.

If a place is left in advance for the veranda on the frame lying on the foundation, then a board is laid on this space to cover the floor (material for open areas is used), a fence is installed and a canopy is mounted.

If the foundation is raised high enough above the ground, then a porch is also attached to it.

Building a country house with your own hands is a completely doable task, but it will be quite difficult to do without helpers. Therefore, it is best to seek help from a knowledgeable master who has experience in similar works, will always give helpful advice and will show how to correctly install certain components in the structure of the house. You can “mobilize” your relatives and friends - it is possible that knowledgeable person will be among them.

Video: building a country house using frame technology

Buying a summer cottage is just the beginning. It needs to be planned, the optimal house must be selected, and a general concept for its design must be developed. In this article we will consider the most various projects country houses. From the smallest for one room, to very spacious ones - for 100 square meters of usable area.

With veranda and terrace

When choosing the layout of a country house, they often try to find a project with a veranda or terrace. Such a covered area is good not only for relaxing or eating on outdoors. On a rainy or hot day, under a canopy you can do a lot of things that, due to the large amount of garbage in the premises, cannot be done.

On a common foundation

Projects of country houses with a veranda have a small area: the smallest have dimensions of 6 * 4 meters, and the veranda occupies 2 meters on the long side, and the house itself is 4 * 4 meters or 16 square meters (taking into account the thickness of the walls, even less).

Another option is one room, in which there is space for several kitchen cabinets and a stove, there is a small dining table and a sleeping place. This layout is ideal for one person. Two people will feel good in it. This option does not have a bathroom, so you will have to separate it.

The layout of a small country house (up to 40 meters) is quite simple: usually there are two rooms, the first of which is used as a kitchen and dining room at the same time. Most often it is a walk-through. The second room is living. You can more or less comfortably place two sleeping places here. So, projects of country houses with a 6*4 meter attic are designed to accommodate 1-2 people.

If the construction budget is very limited, consider country house projects with pitched roof. They are unusual for our country, but the cost of roofing for a small area is much less. You just need to choose the right one (taking into account the amount of snow cover).

A medium-sized country house is shown in the photo above. The project is interesting because the veranda here was originally “winter”, glazed. Most owners open verandas come to the need to glaze it, and for a pleasant pastime in the air. In this project, the veranda is a continuation of the living room, but a partition can be installed here. In general, a convenient and comfortable house with a traditional layout, all rooms are separate, there is a bathroom, and a fenced off corridor. All conditions for year-round living.

On a separate foundation

Please note that the above projects of country houses with a veranda have a common foundation. This is reliable, since even with spring heaving of the soil there will be no movement. But the foundation costs are significant. Therefore, this approach is justified on complex soils prone to heaving. On normal soils, you can build a veranda on a separate, disconnected and lightweight (usually columnar or pile) foundation. One such project is presented below.

In general, a veranda can be attached to any building. It can be laid at the design stage, or it can be added afterwards (as happens very often).

Small country house 6*4.5 with a veranda on a separate foundation

The veranda can completely occupy one side of the house, or it can cover two or even three of its sides. But there are options with a small open area (as in the photo above). In this case, the foundation may be separate, but there will not be much savings. For example, in the project above, only 1.1 meters of the main foundation were “gained.”

We are so accustomed to comfort that even at the dacha we don’t want to have “convenience in the yard.” For many, the main selection criterion is the availability of a bathroom. Even necessity does not scare them. Not all projects of small country houses can boast of such “excess”, but some have a bathroom (toilet and shower).

With attic

The idea of increasing your living space comes often. It is believed that construction costs do not increase much, since most of the superstructure is a modified roof. In reality, if the attic is used all year round, the difference in the price tag for a two-story house and a one-story house with an attic will be small. After all, we must take into account that the area of the attic floor premises is much smaller, and the costs will be high, since good heat, sound, and vapor insulation is required.

Attics under a gable roof

A country house with a summer attic will be really cheap. But it must be taken into account that on sunny days it will be too hot there without insulation, so thermal insulation is still necessary, but not as “serious” as for winter use.

The country house projects presented above are intended for seasonal visits. They provide only living rooms. In the room on the first floor you can organize a kitchen corner.

Below is the layout of a small garden or country house measuring 5 by 5 meters with a dedicated kitchen. Please note that the porch is attached and is not on the plan.

All these houses are designed as frame houses. With minor modifications, these designs can be used for houses made of any other material. You just need to take into account the thickness of the walls and choose the right foundation.

If desired, the covered veranda can be made open. Although, usually the opposite happens. Having built an open one, it is glazed or pushed out to half the wall, and single frames are installed. If you want fresh air, you can always open the windows, and the area can be allocated for a summer dining room or kitchen.

How to increase the area of the attic floor

All projects of country houses with an attic floor are made under a gable roof. This is good in the sense that the snow will not linger on such steep slopes. The second advantage is the simple rafter system. The downside is the small area of the “full” room upstairs. Too much wasted space around the edges. You can make cabinets there, but this area is unsuitable for living.

If it is important for you to increase your living space, you can make the roof sloping. It is more complex and more expensive, but the area of the premises on the attic floor is much larger.

Another way to increase the area is to raise the walls above the level of the first floor. They say to build “one and a half floors.” This option is good for dachas that are visited during the cold season. The roof can be made as you like, but big square The rooms still turn out to be a broken line.

Example of “one and a half floor”

When choosing a project for a country house with an attic for periodic visits, it is better to make the attic cold and make the ceiling insulated. On the stairs that lead to the second floor, it is necessary to provide a door/cover that will fence off the upper tier. Otherwise, heating will take a lot of fuel and time. In winter, there are usually fewer people, and visits are short. Warming up both floors is too time-consuming and expensive, so this isn't a bad solution.

Projects of two-story country houses

Building a two-story house is not such an expensive undertaking. You still need one foundation, albeit a more powerful one, but its cost does not increase twice, but by 60%. The dimensions and insulation of the roof do not depend on the number of storeys at all, so there is no need to increase investments. The costs of the walls are added - their area is twice as large, but in general the cost per square meter of area is cheaper than when building a similar one-story dwelling. That’s why many people are looking for designs for two-story dachas.

Project of a small two-story house for a summer residence with an attached garage: living area 100 sq. m. m, total 127 sq. m, garage for one car

The above project is designed for aerated concrete or ceramic building blocks. Suitable for long areas. The attached garage is very convenient to use - from the garage you can get into the house. Another plus: this option saves space on the plot, and there is always little of it at the dacha, no matter how big the plot you have.

In this layout option, there is a spacious terrace on the back side of the house. It is not included in the total area of the house. An interesting design makes the house different from others: a large window on one and a half floors, a cubic-shaped garage and a canopy in front of the house do not affect the price tag too much, but make the house unique.

Another project for a two-story dacha with a garage attached to the side is presented above. This option is more suitable for square or wide areas. The building area in plan is 10*10 meters, living area is 108 square meters. The tall windows on the second floor give this house an unusual appearance. The selection also makes its contribution finishing materials, a combination of light beige and brown colors. Overall an interesting project.

A non-standard-looking two-story house with a balcony that encircles the entire building. On the back side there is an extensive open terrace. The roof is hipped, which complicates the design, but gives the building a special flavor.

With sauna

For many people, a dacha is associated with a bathhouse. A bathhouse, of course, can be built separately, but it is time-consuming and expensive. In a medium-sized country house, it is quite possible to set aside a room for a steam room. It is usually done with the entrance from the bathroom/WC, since water procedures are necessary. For true steamers, there should still be access to the street nearby: so that you can quickly cool off in a river or outdoor pool.

The minimum size of a steam room is 2*2 meters, the optimal size is 3*3. Such rooms can be fitted even into small houses, but at the same time the amount of living space will be reduced. If you still need to have enough rooms, you can consider the option of an attic floor. One such example is in the photo below.

Pay attention to the layout. The first thing you should focus on is that the stove is installed in such a way that it is heated from the next room. In this case, it is the recreation room. The option is not very good, since the entrance is far away. You will have to carry firewood across the room, which is inconvenient and usually results in a lot of garbage.

Another drawback: this option does not have a kitchen. For country life this is a serious drawback. The kitchen corner can be organized in a large room, and the bedrooms can be placed exclusively upstairs. Another layout option is to make a kitchen in the current “furnace/recreation room.” It is more comfortable to relax in a large room. It’s convenient to go in there after taking a shower.

Small and inexpensive

Small dachas are usually designed using the most inexpensive construction technologies. In our country, this is frame technology and wooden houses. Houses made from porous building blocks (,) are in approximately the same category. But they are still not so popular.

Projects of country houses using frame technology

Small country houses are usually built using frame technology. , you can buy ready-made ones - prefabricated ones. These are two technologies that minimum costs funds and time allow you to have good country housing.

To optimize the budget for building a country house, look for projects whose foundation on the plan is a rectangle or square. The presence of any protrusions leads to an increase in the price per square meter. Not only do the costs of the foundation increase, the area of the walls increases, and, therefore, the costs for them. The roof is also more expensive - the rafter system is more complex, there are more complex components.

Layout of a 6*4 country house with kitchen, toilet, summer veranda

One more point for those who plan to visit the dacha in winter. To prevent warm air from escaping from the house when walking back and forth, it is advisable to make the entrance with a vestibule. If the area does not allow it to be built-in, make an extension. This will greatly reduce fuel consumption and the time it takes to warm up the house.

Beam and log

One of the most common building materials in our camp: timber and logs. The advantage is that a small country house can be built very quickly. The downside is that it takes a long time to shrink (from six months to a year, depending on the initial moisture content of the log and climatic conditions). Before the end of the active shrinkage period, carry out Finishing work It’s not worth it, which delays the possibility of using the building. This does not apply to standing log houses ( ready-made kits) or laminated veneer lumber. But the price is significantly (twice) higher for such options.

A small country house made of 4*4 timber - a very simple project

If we talk about the smallest country houses, they measure 4 by 4 meters. Doing less simply doesn't make sense. The layout in this case is quite simple: it’s just one room. They can differ only in their orientation to the cardinal directions, the number and location of windows. Doors can also be located in the middle or on the side. All. The options have run out.

The house will be a little larger in area, 6*4 meters. Here in its “pure” form we have about 22 squares of area, place 14-15 in the previous version. The layout is still not very diverse, but you can already fence off the kitchen area.

If we talk about optimal costs, then the above country house projects are not the most the best option. The fact is that it is better to make timber or log cottages 6*6 in plan. The fact is that standard length and beams and logs - 6 meters. If the walls of your house are smaller, you need to either look for a non-standard length of suitable length, or saw off the excess from the standard ones. Yes, non-standard costs much less, but you will have to look for it in different sawmills. Even at the largest sawmill, it is more than difficult to find timber or logs 4-5 meters long in sufficient quantities for construction. So you will have to “iron” everything nearby. It is difficult to say what the quality of the material will be. Although, if it doesn’t work for you, you can buy the same non-standard logs for several years, put them in piles, bringing them to operating humidity. Overall, this is a good plan. It just takes a lot of time to implement.

Country houses differ from a full-fledged country house, because people live here only from time to time, on vacation. Most often we are talking about summer time. This greatly simplifies the design: the house can be lighter, without a serious heating system. However, this does not mean that construction can be taken less seriously. It is very important to choose the right contractor. The company SK "Ivales" is engaged in the construction of country houses in Moscow and the region and offers the most profitable terms for your clients.

Country houses made of timber

Perhaps the most popular materials for building houses on summer cottages are different types wooden beam:

ordinary;
glued;
profiled.

Wood is a natural, environmentally friendly and very practical material. A wooden house is a unique atmosphere, a pleasant aroma, healthy and clean air. They are easy to heat, which is very important for a dacha, because most of the time it sits empty.

Different types differ in production technology and some features. So, a regular one is made from a solid log: all unnecessary is cut off, leaving only the timber square section. To create laminated veneer lumber, thin wooden lamellas are taken, glued and sent under the press. Since lamellas can be made from waste from other production, this material is cheaper than other types of timber, and is practically not inferior in quality to them.

Profiled timber differs from ordinary timber in the presence of grooves. Thanks to them, the beams are nested into each other, like parts of a construction set. This ensures a tighter fit of the parts to each other. Thanks to this, heat in the room is better retained and the risk of mold and mildew development is reduced.

Houses made of timber are relatively light, so even a columnar foundation will be sufficient. At the same time, they are erected quite quickly and simply, in just a couple of months.

Frame country houses

This is an even faster option: the manufacturer pre-fabricates the frame of the house and special wooden boards, from which it is then assembled in the shortest possible time ready house. This is an almost ideal technology for the construction of country houses. The list of advantages of such buildings is quite long:

ecologically pure, natural material;
attractive appearance both inside and outside;
warmth and comfort;
inexpensive construction;
the minimum amount of equipment required for construction;
reliability and durability.

This is why frame houses are so popular among customers.

Advantages of the company IC "Ivales"

Ordering a country house from our company is reasonable and practical solution. IC "Ivales" guarantees affordable prices, high speed of work, reliability and decent quality.

We offer a huge number of ready-made projects for country houses of any size. This allows you to choose an option to suit any needs and budget. If none of the proposed projects are suitable, you can develop an individual plan for the needs of a specific buyer.

Having our own plant for the production of building materials allows us to reduce the price of construction and also simplifies quality control. It is located in the Kirov region, where high-quality wood is being actively harvested. For production, the latest domestic and Finnish equipment is used, which is staffed by highly qualified specialists.

The work process consists of several main stages:

assessing the site and clarifying the requests of a potential client;
selection or development of a project that meets the client’s wishes and working conditions;
manufacturing a house in a factory;
assembly of the house directly on the customer's site.

Highly qualified specialists, the latest equipment and magnificent technical equipment allow us to carry out all work efficiently and in the shortest possible time. In addition, we offer the best prices. Various promotions and discounts are regularly held.