Proper internal insulation. How to insulate a house without touching the facade - a basic guide to internal insulation

Many people suffer from the cold in their apartments and are thinking about how to insulate the walls. You can do this business at any time, and even if you have to major renovation, then, as they say, God himself commanded. By insulating houses from the inside, we can protect them from frost in winter, as well as from excessive humidity when it starts to rain. The main criterion for such work is still considered thermal protection. Today there are materials and technologies that will help you do the work yourself. If the insulation inside the room is carried out efficiently, then heating costs become minimal.

The walls suffer the most corner apartments high-rise buildings and private houses. Having decided to take care of your apartment or house, you need to get acquainted with the peculiarities of the work, find out technological nuances. We’ll talk about how to insulate walls from the inside in a private house.

We insulate houses from the inside

For creating comfortable conditions residence (heat preservation, getting rid of damp, moldy surfaces), the walls of houses can be insulated both from the inside and outside, from the facade. Internal insulation is considered to be the most effective. Especially:

When taking care of insulating your home from the inside, you need to choose the right materials that are vapor-tight. The work must comply with special technology, otherwise, instead of insulating a private house or apartment in a high-rise building, you will become the culprit of its destruction: mold will appear due to condensation. The fact is that dew point may form- increase in humidity in the room when it starts heating season, leads to the appearance of droplets on the walls, in those places where the joints and seams are not insulated.

How to choose the right insulation material for walls?

If you have to insulate walls from the inside, you will have to take care of the choice of material. There are special requirements for thermal insulation materials:

expanded polystyrene and mineral wool;
polyurethane foam and ecowool;
penoplex.

Exactly these Construction Materials and are used if you need to do internal insulation.

If you decide to insulate a private house from the inside with your own hands, try to learn more about the installation features. In addition to printed articles and Internet materials, you can use video tutorials that show in detail all the steps for installing insulation, both frame and frameless methods. Interested home owners can clearly track all stages of the work.

In the case where there are no special construction skills, it is best to carry out the work contact specialized companies, otherwise you will have to redo everything, and this will be additional material costs. Specialists carry out insulation work efficiently, quickly, following technology.

Application of mineral wool

You can insulate the walls with mineral wool. It is used most often, although such material cannot be called an ideal option. The point is that after some time mineral wool begins to absorb moisture, so it is impossible to avoid the appearance of damp places. When working with this material, you should do everything according to the instructions, not forgetting to process the joints. In addition, the walls themselves and the insulation must first be impregnated with antifungal compounds. Only in this way can the operation of the insulation be extended for ten years.

Before insulation with mineral wool, install it on the wall metal carcass. Plates are installed in the resulting cells, which must be compacted. The surface must be covered with plasterboard. When choosing mineral wool, do not forget that the usable area of the apartment will decrease.

We insulate the walls from the inside using polystyrene foam

Expanded polystyrene in Lately is gaining popularity as insulation. This material has:

low specific gravity;
minimal thickness, so installation does not require the installation of a frame;
room humidity does not affect the quality of the material;
polystyrene foam is attached construction glue. Can also be used dowels or liquid nails. But first, the joint areas are treated with polyurethane foam.

Penoplex is an environmentally friendly material for insulation

Penoplex, another name for expanded polystyrene foam, is an excellent material because it:

Polystyrene foam as insulation

The inside of the house can be lined with foam plastic. Its installation does not require the installation of a frame. Material produced in the form of panels, which are simply glued directly to the wall. As adhesive composition you can take the one that is usually used to glue ceramic tiles.

Glue is applied to the polystyrene foam, then, pressing slightly, mesh metal reinforcement is installed. The overlap must be at least 15 centimeters. This layer is then plastered or painted, then wallpaper is pasted. Can be used when finishing ceramic or tiles.

The choice of insulation depends on the wall material

Are you tired of freezing in winter and have you decided to start insulating your apartment or private house? Please note that the choice of insulation will directly depend on what material the walls themselves are made of.

If the wall is made of brick, then polystyrene foam, expanded polystyrene and mineral wool will work more effectively in this case.
Walls based on foam blocks are usually insulated using polystyrene foam, penoplex or expanded polystyrene.
In wooden houses it is effective to use it for insulation interior walls use penoplex and expanded polystyrene.
If the house is made of concrete, then each owner has the right to choose the material that he likes best, since there are no restrictions when choosing insulation.
For insulation timber houses it is better to use ecowool, although you will have to install not only a vapor barrier, but also a sheathing.

Carry out insulation inside the house, following special rules. High-quality insulation can be done with your own hands if you listen to the advice of experts. First of all, this concerns the walls. When preparing them, you need to perform the following types works:

Using construction hair dryer, spotlights, infrared lamps, heaters, dry the walls thoroughly.
Check the integrity of the insulating materials; if there are damages, they should be repaired. Such work is very important to protect the surface from dampness and steam.
All seams that form between the floor slabs, as well as the heat-insulating layer, must be processed.

When preparing the surface, a number of certain preparatory work, which require a special careful approach:

How much does it cost to insulate a house inside?

If you decide to create comfortable conditions in your private home yourself, it will cost much less than the services of specialized companies. On average, you will have to pay 450 rubles or more per square meter of insulation. The cost of a square will depend on what insulation material you used and what additional work had to be done before installing the insulation.

It should be noted that internal work on insulating a house is not always justified. It is better, of course, to do this outside the building. But if its implementation is impossible for various reasons, then the standards fully allow for insulation of walls in the interior of houses.

Of course, for the sake of comfort and warmth will have to sacrifice square meters , since insulation materials “eat up” part of the area due to their volume. But, as they say, it is better to live in a slightly smaller house than in a cold and damp one.

Maybe, modern technologies will soon make it possible to make houses warm, preserving space and at the same time eliminating condensation. For now, it is the technologies and materials listed above that make it possible to solve existing problems with heat conservation in a private home.

If your heating bills in winter cause you to have a panic attack, and the walls of your house are constantly “sweating”, it means that some miscalculations were made during construction, and it’s time to think about insulation. This is not a simple or cheap task, which is why it is so important to carefully select materials.

In this article we will tell you how to insulate the walls of a house from the inside, and compare several popular types insulation to make it easier for you to make a choice.

Before you move on to choosing how to insulate the walls from the inside of the house, you need to clearly understand what qualities these materials should have. To one degree or another, all insulation materials have the same set of quality characteristics, but the difficulty of choice lies in the fact that different materials have them in different proportions.

So, let's figure out what qualities must be present in insulation:

Thermal insulation degree. Various materials have varying degrees of insulation, and often there is no point in overpaying for extra features when they are not really needed. This parameter significantly affects the final cost, so it makes sense, if you don’t save money, then pay for other criteria.

Vapor permeability. This indicator is very important, especially if condensation constantly forms on your walls, which, if it does not evaporate, will eventually turn into fungus or mold. The insulation should allow moisture to evaporate freely from the wall surface.
dimensions. With the same heat capacity, insulation materials can have different thickness. Since the topic of our article is how to insulate the walls inside the house, the thinner the insulation sheet, the better, since this will allow you not to hide the treasured centimeters from total area rooms.
No cold bridges. The problem with many insulation materials is that cold bridges always form at the junction, which can negatively affect the finish. It is better to give preference to a material that has tight joints that will not freeze.
Easy to mount. Insulating walls is a simple process, and in most cases it makes no sense to involve specialists, and all the work can be done with your own hands, but there are also materials for the installation of which you may need not only professional skill, but also special expensive equipment.

Saving the form. Some types of low-quality insulation may lose their shape over time, and as a result, their quality. Remodeling repairs is expensive and difficult, so it is better to carefully select a material that will retain its original shape throughout its entire service life.

Important! The suspiciously low price of materials is a reason to think about their quality. Most likely, this is a low-quality fake that will not last long, and you may have to redo the entire repair. You should not give in to the temptation to save money, and it is better to give preference to proven brands that have proven themselves well in the market.

So, we’ve sorted out the characteristics, and now you can take a closer look at several popular options and after that make a choice as to how best to insulate the walls inside the house.

Types of insulation

When choosing the best way to insulate the walls of a house from the inside, many people are guided by the cost of materials, trying to combine high quality and low price. Unfortunately, such a symbiosis is not always possible and something has to be sacrificed.

If the positive qualities are present in all insulation materials in approximately equal proportions, then the negative aspects are different for everyone. It is not necessary that they will be critical, but you need to know about them when choosing how to insulate the wall from the inside.

So let's take a look Various types insulation materials and focus on their main disadvantages.

Mineral wool

The most common and inexpensive insulation, which is in great demand among both professional builders, and among those who decided to insulate the walls themselves.

Advantages in addition to the attractive price mineral wool a lot, and one of the main ones can be considered light weight, thanks to which the material does not create additional load on the walls and foundation. This quality is especially important for lung owners frame houses. Simply put, if you are looking for how to insulate the interior, then mineral wool is the most affordable and best option for you.

Despite many positive aspects, Vata has a number of negative qualities, and here are just a few of them:

Cotton wool can absorb moisture and lose its shape over time.. The material falls into lumps inside the wall and loses all its qualities.
The level of thermal insulation of mineral wool is slightly lower than that of other types of insulation, but it has high vapor permeability.
The installation instructions for mineral wool do not provide for insulation of joints between slabs, therefore, cold bridges will form in these places.

Also, there is another variety cotton insulation– basalt wool. Unlike mineral wool, it retains its shape and retains heat much better. This became possible thanks to the addition of natural basalt fibers. The plates turned out to be more durable and extremely resistant to high temperatures.

This material is much more expensive, so it is not often used for wall insulation. The main area of application of basalt wool is insulation of furnaces and heating elements. This material easily tolerates contact with hot objects and does not lose its qualities and original shape.

Polystyrene foam and its derivatives

Probably every person who thinks about the question of how to insulate the walls indoors remembers foam plastic (see). This material is no less popular than mineral wool, and unlike it, it retains its shape perfectly. Moreover, foam plastic does not interact with moisture at all and does not allow it to pass under its surface, but this, on the other hand, is its key disadvantage.

The fact is that foam plastic does not have vapor permeability at all and all the condensate that forms under its surface remains there, unable to evaporate. Often this is not a problem, since not all walls sweat from temperature changes, but if you decide, it is better to give preference to another material, since under the foam, due to the constant humidity in the room, harmful mold may begin to form.

In addition, it is believed that polystyrene foam is a very flammable material, and as a result, dangerous. In fact, this is a misconception. Modern insulation It is produced with the addition of special fire retardants, which not only prevent fire, but also serve as a significant barrier to the spread of fire.

The point is that under the influence high temperatures, the foam breaks down into carbon dioxide and water, which by definition cannot burn.

There is also another type of foam insulation - penoplex (see). Essentially this is the same foam, but with a higher density. It is best suited for insulating interior walls, since with the same heat capacity, the thickness of the penoplex slab will be much smaller, which can significantly save space inside the room.

Important! Proof that polystyrene foam is completely safe is the fact that regulatory agencies allow its use in the construction of public and children's institutions.

Polyurethane

Modern chemical industry has created many necessary and useful things, and one of them is polyurethane foam, or in common parlance – polyurethane foam. This material is familiar to everyone who has ever encountered the installation of windows or doors, but few people know that in addition to this, it is also used as insulation for walls.

Let’s make a reservation right away that if you are looking for the best way to insulate a concrete wall from the inside, then using polyurethane foam is not advisable. He has maximum thermal insulation, and even a layer of just a few centimeters can insulate the coldest wall.

Polyurethane foam is most often used on thin walls, which require maximum insulation with minimum thickness insulating layer. In addition, polyurethane foam completely lacks cold bridges, since it is applied in an even layer without joints or differences.

The advantages of this material great amount and it is simply impossible to list them all in one article. As for the disadvantages, there are practically none, with the exception of the difficulty of application.

You won’t be able to do it on your own, since this will require special, expensive equipment that mixes the ingredients and sprays them on the surface. It doesn’t make sense to buy it for one-time insulation, so it will be much cheaper and easier to turn to specialists.

In any case, if you are looking, for example, for how to insulate the inside of a cellar wall, then polyurethane foam is perfect option. It will insulate the room as much as possible and create a favorable microclimate in it.

And in conclusion, we invite you to watch the video in this article, which shows detailed instructions for working with foam insulation. As you can see, the process is complex and time-consuming, which also requires certain skills from the master.

From all of the above, we can conclude that before insulating an internal wall, it is necessary to take into account many factors, and only after that make a choice in favor of any material. They all have their own distinctive characteristics, and the choice largely depends on characteristic features premises that need to be insulated.

If you properly insulate the house from the inside, you can significantly reduce energy costs for heating (especially in northern regions). Therefore, it makes no sense to skimp on this aspect. This article will discuss in detail how to perform this procedure with your own hands.

We can talk endlessly about the advantages of façade insulation. However, such a technique is not always available (for example, if external finishing building has already been completed). In such cases, work has to be done inside the house.

We are trying to find the advantages of the technique

This technique has few positive qualities:

Simplicity - all work can be done without problems with your own hands, because there is no need to create large “scaffolding”.
Possibility of carrying out work regardless of the time of year. Proper external insulation should be carried out at positive temperatures, in the absence of precipitation and low humidity. Work inside can be carried out under any conditions
Availability. You can do the work gradually. This is convenient in cases where a person does not have the opportunity to immediately begin large-scale work, and he plans to insulate the most with his own hands first. important premises, not the entire building.

We analyze all the shortcomings

As for the negative points, there are plenty of them:

Significant reduction in premises area, especially if it is planned interior decoration. Of course, you can make a small thickness of the thermal insulation layer, but this will negatively affect the efficiency.

Tip: Choose the right insulator size. To avoid making a mistake with your choice, look at online calculators or calculate the recommended insulator thickness with your own hands.

Condensation begins to form under the insulation at a faster rate. This is due to the incorrect dew point shift. How to correct this consequence with your own hands will be discussed in the next paragraph.
When insulating the interior, the walls will practically stop warming up. They will not participate in protecting the house from the cold, and most importantly, their service life will begin to decrease.
If you create frames indoors for laying insulators, this will inevitably lead to the formation of so-called “cold bridges”. As a result, the efficiency of the insulation will decrease.

From this picture you can easily understand the principle of this term.

The dew point is the point at which moisture that comes from the air begins to condense. This situation inevitably leads to the destruction of walls (brick walls suffer the most) and insulating material. Thermal insulation from the inside helps the dew point move closer to the room. However, the situation can be improved if you take a set of measures:

Purchase insulators with very low vapor permeability and moisture absorption. As a result, the moisture that accumulates inside the room will practically not enter the walls.

Advice: the most suitable option for this criterion is foamed polyurethane foam. However, its cost is relatively high.

When laying the insulator with your own hands, avoid joints. Even the slightest cracks will contribute to the formation of condensation.
Install a vapor barrier layer with one-way conductivity. You can use a special membrane film.
Arrange the layers of thermal insulation in order of increasing degree of vapor permeability. That is, those materials for which this indicator is minimal should be located indoors.

We step by step analyze the insulation process

The theoretical aspect has been studied, now it is time for practice. Most of the operations described below can be easily done with your own hands, even without special skills.

How to properly prepare the surface

Preliminary procedures are the most labor-intensive and critical stage. You will need to do the following:

Deal with the wiring. If it is inside the walls, it must be brought outside. For this purpose there are distribution boxes and wires are led out from them (the connection is made through special terminals). With external wiring (which is placed in special cable channels) it is even simpler - you just need to disassemble it.

Important! If you do not have electrical skills, it is better to invite a specialist to avoid fatal mistakes.

The next step is leveling the rough surface (the process of dismantling finishing not considered). If the walls are brick or concrete, then a small layer will help cement screed. Defects wooden surfaces can be removed using a plane.
Next, dust and dirt are removed. Do not wet the surface!
Now you need to thoroughly dry the walls to prevent the appearance of fungus and mold. For this purpose, heat guns or convectors are used. These devices must operate until all moisture has completely evaporated.
Then you should cover the surface with antiseptics, especially if we are talking about a wooden structure.
When the impregnation has completely dried, it is attached to the surface. vapor barrier material using special moisture-resistant glue.

Creating a frame of strength

Now you need to build a frame from bars (their size should be no less than the expected thickness of the thermal insulation layer). IN wooden house They are attached directly to large self-tapping screws. For brick and concrete buildings, you will have to pre-drill holes and install dowels and nails in them.

The distance between the bars is made according to the size of the selected insulation - this makes the work easier. In addition to vertical logs, several more horizontal ones are installed, in increments of 1-1.5 meters. They are needed to ensure maximum rigidity of the frame.

Laying the insulator

All that's left to do is to place heat-insulating material in the emerging niches using special glue. The following models are actively used for internal insulation:

Styrofoam. Most cheap analogue, which is characterized by low efficiency. It is permissible to use it only with impressive wall thickness, or in warm regions.
Mineral wool. It is recommended to use the basalt variety, as it has low thermal conductivity (in this segment it is second only to penoplex).
Penoplex. The most advanced thermal insulation material to date. It is very light weight, making it very easy to install.

When laying, no gaps are allowed. It is best to do two layers in a “checkerboard” order, since all joints will be securely hidden.

Let's consider alternative options

The options presented above are not the only ones that are suitable for this task. Two more methods are actively used:

Warm plasters - a special mixture is simply applied to the surface. Only suitable for thick brick or gas concrete walls. There is no need for the construction of a frame and preliminary preparation.
Foamed polyurethane foam. It is applied like polyurethane foam. When using it, there is no need to lay a vapor barrier material, since good adhesion to the surface is necessary. A frame is created with a large step (1-1.2 m). Polyurethane foam is sprayed into it and subsequently covered with some sheet material.

Insulation of apartment walls may be required in multi-apartment buildings panel houses, since it is in them that they are observed biggest problems due to the small thickness of the partitions. If the walls do not protect the premises well from frost, then the load on internal system heating increases, as do bills public utilities, an unfavorable microclimate arises.

Rules and main disadvantages of insulating walls from the inside

Internal insulation, compared to external insulation, has a number of disadvantages that you need to know about before starting work on installing thermal insulation. Due to the location of the insulation with inside The wall of an apartment does not accumulate heat and it will not be possible to completely avoid heat loss; in any case, it will amount to up to 15%. Also, when insulating from the inside, the “dew point” will be located between the installed thermal insulator and the wall. Therefore, condensation can accumulate on the wall, which can cause fungus and mold to appear in the rooms.

Correctly inside an apartment is much more difficult than from the outside, and making even minor mistakes during installation work will lead to the fact that the wall will continue to freeze, which is why construction, facing and thermal insulation materials will be subject to increased wear.

To prevent condensation from appearing on the walls, it is necessary to install a high-quality vapor barrier; this is what protects the insulation from moisture and will significantly extend its service life.

For the work, we will need a high-quality vapor barrier film and construction waterproof tape (to seal the seams of the installed vapor barrier). Materials with low vapor permeability should be used as thermal insulation. It is very important that the vapor permeability of the insulation is lower than that of concrete walls. This will allow moisture to evaporate outside, rather than inside the apartment.

When installing vapor barriers and insulating materials, they should be very carefully coated with glue and firmly fixed to the wall so that there are no cavities left between them. Before installation work, walls should be primed with special compounds that protect surfaces from fungus and mold. They also help improve the adhesion of mounted materials.

It is also recommended to provide high-quality ventilation in an insulated apartment. Standard natural ventilation It’s unlikely to be enough, so you either need to install a system forced circulation air, or equip the window frames with special valves through which fresh air will enter the rooms.

It is extremely important to correctly calculate the required thickness of the installed thermal insulator. The thickness of the insulation must correspond to the wall material and climatic conditions in the region. If the insulation layer is too small, it will not be able to reliably protect the apartment and its occupants from the cold. Special attention During installation, it is necessary to pay attention to the joints of the slabs; here there is a high probability of “cold bridges” occurring.

Can mineral wool be used for thermal insulation?

Mineral wool retains heat well and is able to “breathe”, that is, allow air to pass through, however, due to temperature changes, this property can negatively affect the microclimate of the room and cause condensation to appear on the walls.

To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to choose high-density materials. Mineral wool is not as dense as polystyrene foam and urethane foam, so experts recommend either abandoning such insulation or buying only those mineral wool slabs that have the highest possible density, comparable to the characteristics of polystyrene foam.

Before installing mineral wool, it is necessary to install a high-quality vapor barrier. If an insufficiently reliable one is selected waterproofing material, or it will be installed with violations, over time a fungus will certainly appear under the facing layer, to combat which it will be necessary to carry out complex and costly repair work.

Expanded polystyrene - advantages and installation rules

Polystyrene foam, penoplex and expanded polystyrene are much better suited for installation on concrete walls than mineral wool. They have everything necessary characteristics allowing to provide a comfortable microclimate in the apartment. The most important advantage of expanded polystyrene is its low thermal conductivity, but it also has other positive qualities that make it possible to use it for installation on walls inside:

1. Light weight, smooth surface. These characteristics allow you to perform installation work with minimal labor costs and securely fix the material to the wall using glue.
2. Possibility of pre-processing. Before installation, polystyrene foam can be cut with a regular construction knife.
3. Durability. Expanded polystyrene can withstand strong tensile loads and even significant compression, which is very important, given the high loads on the thermal insulator during severe temperature changes and shrinkage of building structures.

Even the cheapest extruded polystyrene foam almost does not absorb moisture, which means that during its installation you can refuse to install a vapor barrier layer. To insulate the joints of the slabs during repairs, it is enough to seal them polyurethane foam. Foam can also be used when installing polystyrene foam boards on walls. When expanded, it will fill all the gaps between the installed insulation and the surfaces being treated, making the fastening reliable and completely sealed. Modern stoves made of extruded polystyrene have tongues and grooves that simplify their installation.

To attach foam plastic, you can use not only glue, but also special fastenings in the form of fungi. After placing the panels on the wall, they are drilled through and driven through the fastener holes into the walls. This fastening is very reliable and can be used in concrete and brick houses. After installation is completed, all cracks and seams of the slabs must be sealed. Various facing materials can be installed on top of the thermal insulation, including plaster and plasterboard sheets.

When choosing expanded polystyrene for insulation, it is necessary to take into account not only the advantages of this material, but also its disadvantages. For example, expanded polystyrene is not capable of providing high-quality noise insulation in rooms; in addition, it is highly flammable and can emit substances hazardous to humans when burned.

Internal thermal insulation with polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam is a polyurethane foam, a foamed polymer that is sprayed for insulation using special equipment. To install such a heat insulator on the wall, install wooden sheathing, acting as support guides for the sprayed material, it is also used for further installation of the cladding.

The main advantage of polyurethane foam is that when sprayed, it fills all the irregularities, cracks and joints in the walls, creating a sealed, seamless surface that fits tightly to the wall without voids or cavities. In other words, the installation of polyurethane foam completely protects the apartment from “cold bridges” and from the possibility of condensation.

Polyurethane foam is a moisture-resistant material with low thermal conductivity characteristics. When installing it, it is not at all necessary to cover the walls with layers of hydro- and vapor barrier. With its help, it is very easy and quick to insulate any walls, but perform such work without specialized equipment impossible, which is the main disadvantage of this method of insulation.

Create with your own hands from polyurethane foam thermal insulation coating for walls is impossible, you will have to seek help from professionals who are well acquainted with the insulation procedure and have the necessary equipment to carry out such work technical means. Some companies rent out equipment for treating walls with polyurethane foam, this great opportunity For self-insulation, requiring much less financial costs than purchasing expensive equipment.

Cork is a non-standard means of combating cold walls

Cork - insulation material, produced in the form of slabs and rolls of balsa wood. It is environmentally friendly and completely safe for users, which is very important for finishing living rooms. Thanks to excellent technical specifications cork wood can be used to simultaneously insulate an apartment, provide it with high-quality sound insulation, and also increase the attractiveness of the interior walls.

Cork insulation can only be installed on perfectly flat surfaces, so before installation you should prepare the walls for repairs. First, you need to completely remove old facing materials from the surfaces, and then cover the walls with a primer with an antiseptic that can protect the room from biological contamination - fungus and mold.

Next, the walls are leveled. For this, plaster or plasterboard sheets are used. When leveling with plasterboard, you should use waterproof glue and mounting foam so that after installing the slabs, there are no voids or cavities left between them and the wall. After fixing the plasterboard sheets to the wall, they should be additionally secured with plastic mushroom-type fasteners or anchors.

When the plasterboard or plaster base is dry, you can begin installation cork insulation. Sheets from natural wood or segments roll material coat thoroughly special glue, after which they are tightly applied to the base. Cork insulation is also a full-fledged facing material that does not require subsequent finishing.

In addition to ease of installation and visual appeal to positive characteristics Cork wood materials can be attributed to the fact that they have a small thickness. That is, installing insulation will not greatly reduce the area of the rooms being lined, which is very important for small city apartments.

Penofol - foamed polyethylene to improve the performance of the apartment

Penofol is foamed polyethylene, the thickness of which ranges from 2 to 10 mm, which is sold in rolls. On the one side this material has a foil coating that ensures heat reflection inside the lined rooms. Before installing penofol, the surface of the walls must be prepared in exactly the same way as for installing balsa wood cladding, after which you can secure the material with construction tape.

Penofol must be installed so that its foil side faces the room. This installation will turn the room into a kind of thermos that perfectly retains heat. Penofol strips for installation must be cut into lengths according to the height of the room. The stripes must be installed like wallpaper - end-to-end. The joints are additionally taped with special tape, which also has a foil surface.

Penofol is high-quality insulation apartment, which can be done with your own hands, but heavy cladding materials cannot be attached to it. For further wall finishing cold apartment it is necessary to install a wooden or profile sheathing on top of the penofol layer, onto which plasterboard sheets can be attached. Drywall is covered with plaster, wallpaper or paint.

When installing plasterboard sheets, it is necessary to leave small gaps(about 5 mm), which will ensure good air circulation and prevent the formation of condensation and the accumulation of moisture on the insulation. Penofol is one of the the best materials for thermal insulation, which can be used alone or together with other insulation materials, for example, with expanded polystyrene.

Professionals recommend that before installing any facing material carefully examine the walls in the apartment. Only if no traces of mold are found on the surfaces can you begin installation work. If the walls are contaminated, they must first be cleaned and protected from reoccurrence fungus, and after that move on to insulation.

Insulation of an apartment from the inside most often becomes necessary in houses with panel walls, since they are not thick enough, they quickly cool down, the heating system cannot fully cope with its tasks, and the temperature in the rooms drops. How to insulate a wall inside an apartment, and what methods and materials to use - this question faces the majority of homeowners in concrete high-rise buildings. External walls in such houses they become cold especially quickly, and often due to temperature changes they begin to become damp and covered with mold.

Sometimes, when there is such a possibility, the walls are thermally insulated from the outside, since this — more efficient way heat preservation. However, this option is very expensive due to the complexity of its implementation, and it is impossible to carry out such measures independently, without the use of special equipment, if the apartment is located above the first or second floor. Therefore, a decision is made to insulate the walls from the inside, to the detriment of the overall usable area. But, be that as it may, a warm apartment with a slightly smaller area is better than large, cold rooms. Interior work can easily be done with your own hands, without the involvement of specialists. The main thing is to choose the right material and have the right tools.

If the apartment has equipment installed autonomous heating, then insulating walls will help save energy resources, which are very expensive today.

Compared to external thermal insulation of walls, internal insulation of an apartment has its rather significant disadvantages:

An insulated wall does not accumulate or retain heat, and heat losses range from 8 to 15%.

With internal insulation, the “dew point” may be inside the insulation, which leads to its dampening

The “dew point” for internal thermal insulation is located between the insulation and the wall, sometimes inside the insulation layer. This leads to the formation of condensation and the appearance of mold colonies .
A wall that is improperly insulated from the inside will freeze all the time, and this inevitably causes, over time, irreversible destructive processes in the thickness of the material.

Proper insulation

To prevent condensation from forming under the thermal insulation layer due to temperature changes in winter period, and also, as a consequence, no mold spots appeared on the walls, you need to carefully follow all technological recommendations for insulating concrete walls from inside the apartment.

An important element in the structure of the thermal insulation “pie” is high-quality vapor barrier. It should protect the insulation from moisture penetration, which will allow the entire structure to effectively perform its functions for a long time.

What kind of work needs to be done to achieve the goal?

Must be purchased vapor barrier film High Quality and waterproof tape for sealing seams at the connection of its sheets.
For the insulating layer, you need to choose a material that has low vapor permeability. It is desirable that this indicator be lower than the vapor permeability of the wall material. In this case, moisture evaporation will occur towards the street, and not inside the apartment.
When gluing insulation, its surface is completely coated with glue using spatula-comb, and it is pressed very tightly against the surface of the wall, so that there are not even small cavities left between them.
To avoid the occurrence of excessively high relative humidity indoors, they must be equipped with additional natural or forced type. For example, for this window frames install valves through which air will flow into the room.

Next, you need to accurately calculate required thickness insulation. It will depend on the average daily temperature in a given region in winter time. The thickness of the thermal insulation material should not be less than the parameters obtained during the calculations, otherwise the steam-heat balance will be disrupted.
Before installing the insulation system, the walls must be treated with special primers. They will “cure” the wall, prevent mold colonies from forming on it, and also increase adhesion when gluing thermal insulation.
Installation of insulation can begin only after the wall has completely dried.
The formation of “cold bridges”, which can negate the entire insulation process, should not be allowed. The risk of their occurrence is especially high at the junctions of walls and ceilings.

What insulation materials and how are they used?

Cork is excellent natural material for thermal insulation

Such a thermal insulator is made in the form of slabs or rolls from the bark of a special type of oak - balsa wood. Therefore, this is an environmentally friendly safe insulation, which is very important for interior decoration premises.

Using high quality material, you can solve three problems at once - noise and sound insulation, as well as decorative design walls

An important condition for installation cork covering is the evenness of the wall, so before you start gluing it, you need to carefully prepare the surface. This process is carried out as follows:

The old coating is completely removed from the wall.
Then the entire surface is treated, which will protect the wall from damage by fungus or mold.

The next step is to level the surface.
You can also decorate the walls with drywall, but in this case, the sheet must be completely coated waterproof glue or polyurethane foam, so that there are no voids left underneath. The drywall is pressed firmly against the wall and is additionally secured with anchors or plastic “fungi”.
On dried out wall You can stick cork material. To do this, use a special glue designed for such purposes.

TO positive qualities The material, in addition to its environmental friendliness, low thermal conductivity and good noise absorption, includes:

Easy installation of cork wall coverings, provided you are careful in your work.
Aesthetically attractive respectable appearance.
The surface of the material is always warm and pleasant to the touch.
A variety of release forms, textured patterns and shades.

Cork is not only an excellent thermal insulator. It will give the room a special decorative touch.

Cork insulation is not very thick, so it does not make the area of the room smaller - this quality sets it apart from other thermal insulation materials.

Penofol

Penofol at its core is a roll of foamed polyethylene with a thickness of 2 to 10 mm, on one side of which it is applied, which helps to reflect heat into the room.

Penofol - foamed polyethylene with foil coating

Before installation, the surface is prepared in the same way as for cork.
Penofol can be fixed to smooth walls using construction tape. double sided tape. Under any circumstances, the material is placed with the foil side facing the room. This creates a kind of thermos for effective heat retention.
Stripes penofol laid end to end. They are glued together with special tape, which also has a foil reflective surface, since the entire coating must be airtight.

A sheathing of slats, bars or galvanized metal profiles is installed on top of the penofol fixed to the wall. This frame with a tanet base for installing lining or wall cladding plasterboard sheets. The plasterboard surface can subsequently be covered with plaster, wallpapered, or thoroughly puttied and sanded, and then painted.
It is very important when installing drywall or lining at the top and bottom of the structure to leave a gap that will serve ventilation hole for air circulation to prevent moisture accumulation.

Despite its small thickness, penofol is an excellent heat and sound insulator. It is used as a separate insulation, but it can also be used in combination with other materials. It attracts with its simplicity and speed of installation on walls, floors or ceilings, as well as its long service life.

Video: insulation of internal walls with foil material

When choosing a material for insulating a living space from the inside, you must first examine all wall surfaces on which thermal insulation will be installed. If the wall is dry and there are no mold stains on it, then you can begin preparing the surface and purchasing insulating material. Conduct similar works on an unprepared basis is strictly prohibited. Not only will such insulation not provide desired effect– you can thoroughly spoil the apartment atmosphere, making it damp and unhealthy, since spores of many types of mold or mildew are extremely dangerous to people’s health, especially for those suffering from chronic respiratory diseases or a predisposition to allergic reactions.

In general, any of the methods presented in the publication of an apartment from the inside will not require any complex additional equipment, and this one technological process VP can be done independently.