Installation of linear storm drainage system. Storm sewerage: design features and special installation schemes (90 photos)

Sometimes for a summer resident the long-awaited rain at the height of the season becomes real natural disaster. As a result of a prolonged summer rain, as well as during a spring flood, a real lake can form on the site.

In order to avoid stagnation of water, a system for collecting and draining it from the territory is needed. If you build a storm drain with your own hands, then the costs of its construction will be minimal.

The article presented for review describes in detail the principle of constructing an atmospheric water drainage system and describes the components of the structure. We will tell you how best to build it and how to maintain it. Taking into account our advice, organizing a storm drain will not cause the slightest difficulty.

Storm sewer- specific design. The water discharged through this system contains both small and large debris. Therefore, there must be primary cleaning in the storm drain.

The system may differ in the volume of water it is able to accept, design, and duration of effective operation.

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Storm sewerage is a system of canals, water inlets, sand traps, inspection and collector wells built in the ground. It is designed to collect and drain rainwater from the territory.

The installation of a storm drain will prevent watering of the site during flood periods and during heavy rainfall, which is especially important for areas with clay soils

The storm drain will protect the underground parts of structures from erosion by water and will prevent subsidence of the foundations due to eroded soil underneath them.

A wide range of components are now produced for storm sewer installations, from which you can easily assemble a system of any degree of complexity

Point storm water inlet

Construction of canals and installation of storm water inlets

Protecting the foundation from weakening

Components for assembling a storm system

Based on the design of the system, 3 types of storm drains can be distinguished:

1. Open. It has the simplest design, is easy to implement, and is inexpensive.
2. Closed. This option is more complex. Here you will have to deal with underground pipes and storm water inlets. The system needs to be planned in advance, and installation is best done by a specialist.
3. Mixed. They are chosen when there is not enough finance to implement option 2, and also if you need to cover a large area. It is something between the first two.

Storm drainage of the first type is made in the form of drainage trays built into the coating. Through them, water flows to a specially designated place or is simply drained into the garden. The second type of system is located below the zero point, which requires significant excavation work and corresponding financial investments.

Surface drainage can fit perfectly into the landscape design of a dacha, and even become its decoration. Use the system in small areas

Such a storm drain is installed mainly during the development of a site, since it is a freezing option that is easier to implement. The system is not buried very deeply - up to a meter maximum, but both in winter and in early spring it is not involved in work.

To prevent the sewage system from freezing, the pipes are buried below the freezing point. With the third type of storm drainage, the sewerage elements are partially located both on top and in the soil.

Experts say that the choice of such an expensive option as a closed storm drain must be justified. This decision can be justified by high requirements for territory design

Storm drain design is always individual. It is unlikely that there will be areas with absolutely similar conditions. They will always differ, if not in relief, then in layout, soil properties, and the number of outbuildings.

Storm drains are needed both at enterprises and in private properties. The difference in their design is that large-scale systems are combined with the discharge of treated water, which is used for the needs of the enterprise

Basic elements of classic sewerage

Storm drainage can be point or linear. The first option involves collecting water from surfaces that do not absorb moisture, such as the roof, hard surface areas. The wastewater then flows into receiving tanks, and then enters the drainage system.

With the linear method of drainage, water is drained into trays located near paths and platforms. A simplified version of a storm drain consists of the following elements:

• a central pipe laid under a layer of earth and finishing coating and carrying collected water to the extreme point of the scheme;
• trays - the main part of the system that transports excess water to sand traps; the efficiency of drainage largely depends on them;
• a storm inlet located under a pipe or low point in the yard to collect liquid;
• filters and distributors - invisible, but extremely important components.

All elements included in the system are equally important. If any of them fails, the efficiency of the entire structure decreases.

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Point storm inlets are designed to receive precipitation at one point. They are cheaper and easier to install, but require underground pipes to carry water into the sewer system

Point-type rainwater inlets are positioned so that they receive water collected from the roof by the drainage system. Sometimes at these points the storm drain is even connected to the drain

The drainage of rainwater collected by point sewerage is carried out through a pipeline laid in the ground. This circumstance minimizes the priorities of simple installation of storm water inlets

The disadvantages of a point storm system are the possibility of soil subsidence with a change in the slope of the pipeline, the difficulty of determining a leak if it occurs, and the need to protect the pipes in the form of paving a developed area

Point type storm water inlet

Connection to drainage system

The principle of point sewerage

Paving a storm drain area

Types of storm water inlets for sewerage

The purpose of a rainwater inlet is to collect moisture coming from pipes and yard coverings. This element is the first to absorb the entire volume of water coming from the drainpipes. When choosing a rainwater inlet, we are guided by such data as the average volume of precipitation, its intensity, topography, and the area occupied by the storm drain.

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The method of installing a storm sewer depends on the type of water intake device chosen for its construction

A system with point water intakes located directly under the drain risers is arranged in the form of pipes laid in the ground

A storm drain with linear water intakes is a network of channels covered with a grid made of steel alloy, plastic or cast iron, depending on the required load-bearing capacity

Both point and linear water intakes are covered with protective and decorative grilles. They are needed for ease of movement around the site, preventing accidents and protecting the system from clogging with leaves, branches, dust

Storm drain with linear water inlet

Point rainwater system

Installation of storm drainage trays

Protective decorative grille

You can buy a cast iron or plastic storm inlet. The former are preferable in case of heavy loads, while the latter are attractive due to their moderate cost, low weight, simplifying installation. A cheaper option is to make a rainwater well for storm drainage at your dacha yourself from brick.

The walls of the pit are lined with brick, leaving a hole for the pipe, then plastered from the inside. Better yet, leave a gap between the soil wall and the cover and fill it with concrete. The bottom of the rainwater inlet must be concreted.

No storm drain can do without a rainwater inlet. It preserves both the foundation of the building and the covering around it. If you try to save money on its installation, then water falling on the foundation will lead to shrinkage and cracks on the walls of the building

This important element is also made from concrete rings. Then the bottom ring can be purchased with a finished bottom and you won’t have to fill the slab. Sometimes factory rain inlets go on sale complete with a basket, siphon, and decorative grille.

Most often used for private construction, storm water inlets made of plastic or composite materials They are produced in the shape of a cube, each side of which is 30 -40 cm. There are adapters for inserting pipes from below and on all sides of the product.

In order not to clog the pipes with debris falling through the grid cells, rainwater inlets are equipped with baskets. Once they are full, they are removed and cleaned, then returned to their place.

The design of the factory rainwater inlet includes partitions that divide its internal space into compartments and create a water seal. As a result bad smell from decaying organic matter does not penetrate outside.

The efficiency of a point storm drain depends not only on its volume, but also on the installation location. It should be located under a drain or in a place where moisture constantly collects. If it is installed under a pipe, then the jets must accurately hit the center of the grate, otherwise some of the water will fall on the foundation or yard surface in the form of splashes.

Why are sand traps needed?

Rain and melt water in any case contains a certain percentage of insoluble particles. If sand traps are not included in the scheme, dirt will settle in the sewer and it will cease to function fully. Flushing the system is expensive.

A sand trap is a chamber installed behind point receivers in places where water is discharged into underground pipes. It is designed in such a way that the flow of water entering it reduces its speed.

As a result, under the influence of gravity, suspended particles sink to the bottom, and the liquid released from them leaves through a special hole. The shape of the sand catcher is a trap with many chambers located horizontally or a chamber in a vertical design.

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Point storm water inlets are equipped with devices for retaining sand and filtering water. In fact, such a system does not require additional sand-collecting components

In combined stormwater systems, sand traps are installed in linear sections and before discharge into the collector/absorber.

The dimensions and volume of sand traps depend on the volume of collected water and the class of the storm sewer itself

Regardless of the size, all types of sand catchers are equipped with devices for collecting sand, allowing you to empty the device in a simple and accessible way

The sand trap is built into the rain inlet

Sand traps in combined systems

Sand catcher for public storm drainage

Trap device for household system

What are drainage channels?

If the blind area around the house has already been completed, but the drainage system has not been taken care of, drainage gutters, which are also called linear rainwater inlets, can be used as a way out of the situation. Channels made of concrete or plastic are laid outside the blind area parallel to the paths and roof overhangs with a slight slope.

Linear drainage channels receive water from roof gutters and from the entire yard covered with asphalt or slabs. Such a sewer can cover much more objects than a point one. When purchasing ready-made trays, you need to pay attention to such important parameters as permissible load class and mechanical strength limit.

The tray, at first glance, is a very simple product, but if the calculation is done incorrectly, the system will not work fully. It is necessary to take into account the throughput of the storm drain, the type of coating, and the degree of contamination of the drained water.

The weakest products are marked A15. This means that their use is permissible with a maximum load of up to 1.5 tons. They are installed around the perimeter of the house, in pedestrian and bicycle areas. Trays of class B125 can handle loads of up to 12.5 tons without compromising their integrity. They will not be damaged by the weight passenger car, so they are appropriate in the garage area.

For private construction, you should not buy massive concrete gutters; plastic trays are quite suitable here. They have strength classes A, B, C. The material for their manufacture is polyethylene or polypropylene.

An important parameter when selecting trays is the hydraulic section, denoted by the abbreviation DN. It must correspond to the diameter of the pipes supplied to these elements. For plastic gutters, the DN value ranges from 70 to 300.

The length of the standard tray is 1 m. The products are equipped locking system With its help, gutters can be lined up in one line, connected to pipes or made into branches. A rational choice for a summer house, private home - models from DN100 to DN200.

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Manufacturers of storm sewer assembly kits offer a wide selection of trays that vary in bandwidth and the material used in production

To equip areas with pedestrian traffic, storm sewer system components are made from galvanized steel. This is not the most durable option, attracting mainly due to its simplicity of construction.

Concrete and polymer-sand products will last at least 50 years. They handle transport loads without problems, including the weight of cargo units. However, due to the weight of the trays and the need to use construction equipment for installation, they are rarely used in the private sector

Trays made of frost-resistant polypropylene are actively in demand in the landscaping of suburban areas. They do not deform and do not lose strength in the range of -40º - (+65º) C. Ideal for self-improvement of the territory

Trays with different capacities

Construction of a storm drain from steel parts

Concrete gutters

Practical plastic option

How to choose pipes?

For storm sewerage, according to SNiP, pipes made of metal, asbestos or plastic can be used. Most often, for private homes and cottages, the choice is made of plastic pipes. They are lightweight, decorative, do not corrode, their installation is simple, but the mechanical strength of the material is low compared to metal.

Having chosen the material, you need to decide on the diameter of the pipes.

The initial value is the largest volume of drained rain and melt water. This parameter is determined by the formula:

Q=q20×F×Ψ

Here: Q is the required volume, q20 is the coefficient characterizing the intensity of precipitation within 20 seconds. (l per second per 1 ha). F is the area of ​​the farmstead in hectares, if the roof is pitched, the area is calculated on the horizontal plane. Ψ - absorption coefficient.

Different surfaces have their own absorption coefficient. For execution independent calculations its value can be taken from the table

Based on the calculated value and using the Lukin tables, not only the diameter but also the slope of the system is found.

At correct selection diameter of the pipes, the storm sewer will cope with the task even in moments of the heaviest rainfall. If flows from several gutters enter the pipe, they are all summed up. Professional practitioners for pipes with a cross-section of 110 mm and gutters of the same diameter usually use a slope of 20 mm/linear. M.

If the pipe is connected to a storm inlet, the slope value is slightly increased to avoid stagnation of liquid, and when entering the sand trap, the slope is reduced. This slows down the flow of water, and suspended particles settle to the bottom in greater quantities.

Water in a sewer system of this type drains by gravity, which occurs due to the formed. There are no pressure pumps here, so you don’t have to look for a team of professionals to install a storm drain at your dacha or country yard.

The owner can do all the work himself. It is written in detail about the calculations for organizing storm drainage, the contents of which we recommend that you familiarize yourself with.

Where do you need a well and a collector?

As in any system consisting of underground pipes, there must be a well in the storm sewer.

Its installation is advisable in the following circumstances:

• if 2 or more flows converge;
• when it is necessary to radically change the height, direction of the pipeline or its slope;
• if there is a need to switch to a larger pipe diameter.

Wells are also provided at established intervals of straight sections of the system. If the diameter of the well does not exceed 150 mm, then the next one is located at a distance of 30 to 35 m. With a diameter of 200 mm - from 45 to 50 m, and if the diameter is 0.5 m, the interval is increased to 70-75 m.

The diameter of a well in a private house does not exceed 1 m. The deeper the well, the larger its diameter should be.

Some owners lay out wells the old fashioned way from brick or reinforced concrete rings. Others prefer more advanced materials - plastic and fiberglass. According to their design, wells are either collapsible or solid.

They have the shape of a cylinder with a completely sealed bottom and a hole at the top. There are nozzles for connecting pipes. Several assembled storm water inlets are also used as wells.

All fluid flows are redirected to the collector after combining them into one. The choice of material for this storm drainage element is individual and depends on the preferences and capabilities of the owner

To redirect the collected water to ground treatment facilities or to a sewer, a collector is included in the system. Sometimes his role is played by a big one. It is converted into a storage tank by hermetically sealing the outlet pipes. To use water, a submersible pump is used.

Pipes are also used under the collector large section- reinforced concrete or plastic with all pipelines connected to them. On the construction market you can also purchase ready-made containers for underground use. There are multi-chamber tanks where rain and melt water are treated according to the same principle as in septic tanks.

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If there are no conditions on the site for the disposal of collected water into the ground, then storm water diverted to a public system or off-site drain

If the conditions and size of the site allow, the collected rainwater is disposed of through an absorption well. When constructing a well in sandy loam soils, the walls are assembled from perforated rings to increase the outflow rate

An almost free, but quite suitable option for discharging rainwater is a filter well made from old tires

The easiest way to collect and drain rainwater is into a public drain. It doesn't need serious cleaning

Collector well for redirecting water

Absorption well made of perforated rings

Budget option for an absorption well

Discharging rainwater into a drain

How to install a storm drain?

The storm drain is installed using the same technology as a conventional sewer system. In any case, the installation of a storm sewer system is preceded by calculation and selection of necessary materials. Before rainwater enters the pipes, it collects on the roof of the house, so it is logical that the construction of a drainage system begins from the top point of the building.

To install gutters on the roof, mark the upper and lower points, between which a fishing line is pulled. Gutters will be installed along this route taking into account the slope. The direction of their installation depends on the location of the drainage pipes.

To fix gutters and pipes, brackets are installed, securing them with self-tapping screws. To ensure that water gets into the drain, funnels are needed at the lowest points. When assembling trays and pipes, sealant is applied to the joints. Sometimes there are factory seals on the edges of the parts, then when they are joined, a tight connection is obtained.

Water collected from the roof by gutters is carried through vertical downpipes into the storm drain. The cycle of work on installing a linear storm drain, regardless of its technical complexity, includes a number of traditional stages, these are:

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We are developing a trench for the installation of storm drainage. We dig the soil by hand, destroy the asphalt with special equipment or an ordinary crowbar

We fill the bottom of the trench with moving concrete to the depth of the tray so that the tray shelves are flush with the surface. We give the bottom of the trench a slope of 2 - 3 cm per 1 m. The slope should be directed towards the collector well

Having beaten off the storm sewer lines with twine stretched between the pegs, we assemble a system of trays with a protective and decorative grille. We level the channels according to the design slope figure until the concrete begins to harden

We install sand traps in the places indicated in the project and connect them to the channels laid in the trenches

We construct formwork from boards along the side of the trench and pour concrete mortar between it and the tray laid in the trench

While filling the free space in the formwork with concrete, we level the poured mass. At the same time, we check the slope and, if necessary, adjust the position of the trays

We expect the solution to harden for at least 14 days, it is better to wait 28 days. At this time, it should be covered with polyethylene and periodically sprayed with water.

Upon completion of the technological break, we dismantle the formwork, level the site with sand and gravel, pave it with paving slabs or the coating of your choice

Stage 1: Development of the trench manually or using machinery

Stage 2: Laying concrete mortar at the bottom of the trench

Stage 3: Assembling the storm drain tray

Stage 4: Installation and connection of sand traps

Stage 5: Construction of formwork and pouring concrete

Step 6: Leveling the System During Pouring

Step 7: Process break for hardening

Step 8: Paving the site with the selected surface

Point drainage of rain and melt water

The first step is to mark the pipeline, consisting of channels, receivers, and wells. Pegs are driven in at the locations of all elements. To see the full picture, a cord is laid between the pegs. The second stage is digging a trench and small depressions for storm water inlets. A sand cushion is placed at the bottom.

If there is a threat of roots growing in the places where the pipeline is laid, the bottom is covered with geotextiles. The installation process begins with the installation of wells and collectors.

Next are smaller elements - rainwater inlets, sand traps, trays. All this is combined with pipes of the calculated diameter under a slope selected from the table or recommended by SNiP. When laying the pipeline, sagging is unacceptable.

The assembled structure is tested. Water is poured onto each section to check the tightness of the joints. The amount of water poured in and out should be approximately the same. A defect such as sagging may be detected, which will be indicated by a significant difference in the volumes of water at the inlet and outlet.

If tests do not reveal problems, the system is covered with a sand-cement layer and soil. Sometimes some parts of the storm drain are combined with the drainage system. In this case, the pipes of the first must be on top of the second pipeline, but they can approach the same collector.

Heavy rains and spring thaw become a real problem for many homeowners. After all, after rain, the site turns into a kind of swamp, and regular flooding of the foundation and walls contributes to their destruction. Let's consider the main points of the construction of such a device as a storm sewer - SNiP, GOST and other requirements that should be taken into account.

What's happened ? Storm drainage is usually called complex engineering networks that serve to collect and remove moisture from the drained area that falls in the form of precipitation. To construct these schemes, you should be guided by the requirements of SNiP, which address the issues of constructing external sewerage networks.

SNiP, which regulates the standards that external sewer networks must comply with, contains the necessary formulas for carrying out calculations when designing a system, outlines the requirements for materials, the depth of pipes and other important aspects of construction.

Types of storm drainage

There are two types of storm drains:

• Point system.
• Linear system.

Point type storm drainage system

Point diagrams are networks of stormwater inlets and pipes connecting them. In order to assembled circuit was durable, safe and efficient, the technical conditions for storm drainage provide for the installation of protective grilles on storm inlets, as well as the installation of special filters - sand traps.

Linear storm sewer

A linear scheme is a network of canals that are designed to collect and transport water. According to the requirements of SNiP, storm sewers are installed so that there is a slope towards the main collector.

Storm sewer closed type consists of a network of storm water inlets connected by pipes laid at depth through which water is drained into the collector. To maintain and monitor the operation of the system, inspection wells with a diameter of 1 meter are included.

Advice! All aspects that will need to be taken into account when developing a project and constructing a storm sewer are set out in the regulatory document SNiP 2.04.01-85.

If, when laying pipes for some reason, it is not possible to withstand minimum slope, then the system includes pumps for pumping liquid, since it cannot move by gravity.

Storm drainage elements

Typically, the sewer network includes the following elements:

• Storm water inlets. This is one of the important elements of the system, the main function of which is the local collection of water from the surface of the earth.
• Door pallets. This is an analogue of rainwater inlets that are installed in front of the entrance areas of a house or at the gate.
• or . Elements installed in ditches for water drainage. So that water can move through them by gravity, a slight slope of the storm sewer is provided, directed towards the collector.
• Pipes. This element performs the same function as the trays, but is laid not in surface trenches, but underground.

• Sand catchers. These are filter elements that prevent debris and soil particles from entering the drainage system.
• Inspection wells. Elements necessary to control the operation of the system.

Storm sewer calculation

Before starting the construction of a storm drain, you need to make a correct calculation of the storm sewer, for this you need to know:

• Average rainfall in this area.
• Drainage area, that is, the area of ​​roofs, platforms and paths with a waterproof coating.
• Soil properties at the site.
• Locations of already constructed underground communications on the site.

You can calculate what the diameter of a storm drain should be using the formula:

Q = q20 x F x Ψ

Designations in the formula:

Q is the volume of water that the system will have to drain.
q20 – precipitation intensity.

Advice! This value depends on the climatic conditions of the area; you can find its value in the tables according to SNiP 2.04.03 - 85.

F is the area of ​​surfaces from which water is planned to be drained.
Ψ is a correction factor that depends on the covering material of the site from which water is collected.

Advice! The correction factor for roofing is 1.0, for areas and paths covered with asphalt - 0.95, for concrete coverings– 0.85, for crushed stone coverings – 0.4 (and if the crushed stone is treated with bitumen, the coefficient will be 0.6).

Pipe depth

The question of what the depth of storm drainage should be is widely discussed in construction forums. Meanwhile, a completely understandable answer is given in SNiP 2.04.03-85 - the minimum depth of storm drainage is determined by the experience of operating systems in this area.

Advice! As a rule, subject to operation in the middle zone and the use of pipes with diameters up to 500 mm, the minimum depth is taken to be 30 cm. In the event that larger diameter pipes are used for the construction of a system such as a storm sewer, their laying depth should not be less than 70 cm.

In order not to carry out complex calculations and not worry about possible errors, it is best to find out what the laying depth should be for people who are involved in the construction of storm sewers in practice. You can ask your neighbors if they have already finished building external drainage and storm sewer networks, or make inquiries with construction organizations working in this area.

Slope of stormwater pipes

In order to find out the minimum slope of a storm drain, you need to consider:

• Type of drainage;
• Pipe diameter;
• Surface coating.

When using pipes with a diameter of 200 mm, the slope should be 0.7 cm for each meter of pipeline length. If pipes with a cross-section of 150 mm were used, then the slope should be 0.8 cm per meter. In case of urgent need, SNiP 2.04.03-85 contains a direct indication that in certain sections of the network the minimum slope can be slightly reduced:

• up to 0.5 cm per meter when using pipes measuring 200 mm;
• up to 0.7 cm per meter for pipes with a diameter of 150 mm.

Thus, if local conditions force you to do this, you can “save” up to 2 mm for every meter of pipeline length. Do not forget that SNiP regulates not only the minimum, but also maximum slope pipeline. It should not exceed 1.5 cm for every meter of pipe.

If you exceed this figure, the risk of clogging the structure will increase. The fact is that if the slope is greater than normal, the water quickly leaves, and the sand contained in it settles, as a result of which the inner surface of the pipe quickly silts up.

Construction of storm drainage

In general, installation work on the installation of storm drains is carried out in the same way as when laying external pipelines of a conventional sewer system.

Selection of pipes for the underground part of the pipeline

If external storm sewer networks are installed, SNiP allows the use the following types pipes:

• Asbestos-cement;
• Steel;

Asbestos cement is traditional material, used for the construction of external sewerage pipelines, including stormwater. The disadvantages of the material include its high fragility and significant weight (a meter of pipe with a diameter of 100 mm weighs more than 24 kg). Steel pipes have much less weight (a meter of pipe weighs about 10 kg), but they are prone to corrosion, so it is not profitable to use them for the construction of storm drains.

Recently, for the construction of storm drains they have been using plastic pipes. They are light (a meter weighs no more than 5 kg), but durable and resistant to corrosion. In addition, they are easy to connect and do not require welding. Can be used:

• , if external networks are being installed, then for their construction you need to use a special type of pipes; they are painted orange;
• Multilayer polymer pipes. Today this is best option. These pipes have a smooth inner surface, so there is no hydraulic resistance.

Installation of the roofing part

The work goes like this:

• Openings are made in the ceilings for installing rainwater inlets, and all junctions are carefully sealed.
• Drainage pipes are strengthened when constructing a point system or trays when installing a linear storm drain.
• Install drain risers or pipes.
• A unit is assembled for discharging water into a collector or discharging into tray systems.
• All devices are attached to walls and ceilings using clamps. Places for installing clamps are planned in advance, not forgetting to follow the recommended slope values.

Laying the underground part

• Installation begins with the installation of trenches. When constructing systems such as storm sewers, the depth of installation is most often determined not by the depth of freezing, but by the experience of operating the systems at the construction site.
• Trenches are dug with a slope, that is, their depth should gradually increase.
• At the bottom of the trenches there is a sand cushion, the layer height is 20 cm.
• A pit is being prepared for installing the collector.
• Pipes should be laid in the prepared ditches, the pipes should be connected to each other and connected to the collector using conventional fittings.
• If the sewer network consists of a single branch more than 10 meters long, then it is worth planning to install a manhole in the middle of it. Such wells should be installed at network branch points.
• Sand traps are installed at the junction of water inlet gutters and stormwater pipe systems.
• Now all that remains is to backfill the trenches and cover the open structures (trays) with gratings on top.

The need to create security zones

Few people know that there is such a thing as a sewerage security zone, including storm sewerage, and meanwhile, SNiP stipulate that a security zone of a certain size be organized near the pipes. Thus, the storm drain protection zone provides for a distance of 5 meters from the pipe walls in each direction. A security zone is a place where it is prohibited:

• Build permanent or temporary structures.
• Set up garbage dumps.
• Arrange parking.
• Plant trees or bushes at a distance of less than three meters from the pipe.
• Block free access to manholes.

So, installing a rainwater drainage system is a necessary measure when landscaping a site. When constructing such systems, it is necessary to strictly comply with the requirements and rules that are formulated in regulatory documents - construction and sanitary rules.

Your favorite shoes are probably well familiar with the delights of a poorly functioning city storm drain. Often, after a “dense” meeting with deep puddles accumulated on the asphalt, beloved shoes and boots leave only pleasant memories and photographs. For a city dweller, the loss of shoes is the maximum damage, to the owner country house the damage is more extensive. To ensure that atmospheric water does not slowly but persistently destroy the foundation, does not flood basements, and does not contribute to the rotting of the root system of plants on the site, water drainage is required. A not-too-complicated do-it-yourself storm drain can easily be organized by a contractor who has nothing to do with construction specialties.

Purpose and specifics of the storm drainage device

Storm sewerage is a complex of devices and channels that collect, filter and drain atmospheric moisture into filtration fields, special reservoirs, and reservoirs. Its task is to eliminate excess moisture, which creates discomfort, destroys structures and shortens the life cycle of plants.

The storm drain is a linear network that includes such standard elements as:

• storm water inlets, represented by funnels, pallets, linear trays that collect water;
• gutters, pipes, trays transporting water to sand traps - filtration devices, and further to collectors, ditches, reservoirs, and unloading fields;
• inspection wells required for monitoring storm system;

filters, sand traps that retain soil particles, vegetable fibers and debris, protecting the network from contamination.

Storm drainage is a complex of channels and devices that collect excess atmospheric moisture, filter it and discharge it first into a collector well, then to unloading points

Options for rainwater inlets for storm drainage: on the left there is a door pan, in the middle there is a funnel receiving water from the drain, on the right there is a gutter with a sand catcher

All elements are combined into an integral system operating using linear or point technology. If storm sewer channels are laid in the ground, pipes are used for their construction. In surface ditches, gutters and trays made of plastic, asbestos or concrete are installed.

Important. To ensure the natural movement of rain and melt water to the places of filtration and unloading, pipes, trays, gutters are laid with a slope towards the drainage devices and unloading places.

Classification according to wastewater collection method

Depending on the collection principle according to which the storm drainage system is installed, all existing storm drains are divided into two types.

Point systems, which include rainwater inlets installed under the gutters of internal and external drains. Each host atmospheric water the device is connected to a common highway. According to the technical specifications, storm water inlets are equipped with special gratings and sand traps that prevent the penetration of suspended soil particles, plant residues, and debris into the system.

Point type of storm drain: a storm inlet is installed under a drain; the funnel receiving water is equipped with a mesh for filtration and an internal basket for collecting debris

A linear type of storm drain, which is a network of channels laid underground or in slightly buried trenches. Trays collecting and moving water, laid open method, are also equipped with sand traps and equipped with gratings. Only gratings are installed along the entire line. In contrast to the point scheme, linear sewerage collects water not only from roof drains, but also from paths, from areas covered with concrete, paved with paving bricks. This type of sewer "covers" and processes more objects.

A linear storm drainage scheme can cover a large area, draining runoff not only from the roof, but also from landscaped areas, from sidewalks, and from those sides of the house where, due to the specifics pitched design no gutters

Based on design differences and extent of territory coverage, the type of system is selected. However, these are not fundamental selection criteria. Basically, storm sewerage in a dacha is arranged according to the experience available in a particular area in the organization and operation of storm sewer systems. Based on it, the type of channel laying and their depth are determined.

Preliminary calculations and design

Implementation of plans without calculations is money down the drain. If the system does not cope with the function assigned to it by the owner, there is no point in undertaking its construction at all, and a storm sewer system that is too powerful for a private house will “eat up” a lot of financial resources.

Video: design and installation rules

Information required for calculations

• Data on the average amount of precipitation recorded by meteorologists in a specific area. You can find them in SNiP 2.04.03-85.
• The frequency of rains, the thickness of the snow cover, necessary for those who plan to use the system and for draining melt water.
• Drain area. For the point variety, this is the roof area. Moreover, not the full value, but the value of its projection in the plane. For linear system The drainage area will be the sum of the areas of all processed objects.
• Physical and mechanical characteristics of soils available on the site.
• The presence and location of existing underground communications already on the site.

Calculation of the volume of discharged wastewater

The above exact values ​​of the amount and intensity of precipitation are the result of many years of research into physical phenomena in the atmosphere of a given area. They can be found in SNiP or obtained from the local weather service. Further calculations are made using the formula.

Formula for calculating atmospheric water flow, as well as constants and variables used in calculations

The correction factor used in this formula is:

• 0.4 for areas covered with crushed stone;
• 0.85 for concreted areas;
• 0.95 for asphalt areas and paths;
• 1.0 for roofs.

We obtained the volume value, then the required pipeline diameter is determined using the tables of the current SNiP.

Channel laying depth

Trays or channels made of pipes must be laid at the depth at which they are usually laid in a given region. Exact value You can find out from a construction organization or ask your neighbors who have already equipped their area with a storm drain. In the middle zone, a rainwater drainage system is usually installed at a depth of 0.3 meters, if the diameter of the pipeline or open trays is not more than 50 cm. Trays and pipes with larger dimensions are buried at 0.7 m.

Important point. If the site has drainage system, storm drainage is laid above the drainage.

If a drainage system is already installed on the territory, the storm drain is located higher

The high cost of excavation work usually does not stimulate the desire of customers professional installation go deep into the ground. Even if you decide to install a storm drain yourself, there is no point in burying it too deeply. There is no reason to install collectors and inspection wells below the seasonal freezing level, as GOSTs dictate. They can be placed higher, insulated with thermal insulation material - geotextile and a layer of crushed stone that protects the network from freezing. Due to the slight depth, the labor intensity of the work is significantly reduced.

Insulation of storm sewers in case of slight deepening is carried out from a layer of geotextile and a layer of crushed stone; thanks to the protection of the channels from freezing, you can significantly save on excavation work

However, we must not forget that the channels to the collection and cleaning devices must be directed at an angle. This means that the level of the entry point into the collector well must be lower than the level of the tray or pipe extending from the storm inlet. To accurately calculate the depth of their installation, you need to draw a site plan and, taking into account the slope of the channels, calculate everything.

Scheme of a storm drain, the channels of which are laid below the freezing depth; insulating geotextiles protect in this case from the aggression of groundwater

Standards and norms of slopes

GOST regulates the minimum slope for pipes with a 150 mm diameter of 0.008 (slope value in mm/m). Pipes with a cross-section of 200 mm are laid at an angle of 0.007. Depending on site conditions, pipe slopes may vary slightly. The largest slope is 0.02 in the area where the canal joins the storm water inlet, since in this place it is necessary to increase the speed of water gravity. In front of the sand traps, the flow velocity must slow down so that suspended particles can “settle”; the angle of inclination is the smallest there.

Devices for collecting water in envelope-type systems with rainwater inlets-funnels are installed at the intersection points of slopes.

The process and specifics of storm drain installation

Rules installation work the design of storm drains is identical to the principles of laying conventional external sewer pipelines. However, if the house is not equipped with gutters, you need to start by installing them.

The rules for installing a storm drainage system are similar to the rules for installing conventional sewerage

Construction of the roofing component

• You need to make holes in the floors of the house for rainwater inlets. After installing the devices and securing them to bitumen mastic The junction points must be sealed.
• Mounted sewer pipes and risers.
• All elements must be attached to the house structures using clamps.

Scheme of the roofing part of the storm drain: 1. gutter; 2. external corner of the gutter; 3. inner corner of the gutter; 4. gutter plug; 5. gutter connector; 6. hook; 7. hook; 8. funnel; 9. drainage funnel; 10. pipe elbow; 11. drain pipe; 12. connecting pipe; 13. pipe bracket (on brick); 14. pipe bracket (on wood); 15. drain elbow; 16. pipe tee

Construction of the underground part

According to the planned plan, drawn up taking into account the slopes and the depth of canals accepted in the given region, it is necessary to dig a trench. If you plan to insulate the pipeline by forming a shell of geotextile and crushed stone around it, or installing a cushion of sand, their power should also be taken into account. Here's how we proceed:

• The bottom of the trench is thoroughly compacted before installation. Large stones encountered during digging are removed, and the holes formed after their removal are filled with soil.
• A sand cushion is poured onto the bottom, standard thickness its 20 cm.
• A pit is being formed to install a collector tank. The easiest way is to use a ready-made plastic container as a collector, but if you wish, you can make a collector well yourself by pouring concrete into pre-arranged formwork.

Pipes are laid in compacted ditches equipped with sand cushions to connect them into unified system fittings are used.

Connections of underground drainage channels are made using fittings

• It is recommended to include inspection wells in straight storm drain branches longer than 10 m.
• Sand traps must be installed at the junction points between the collectors receiving atmospheric water and the pipeline.
• All devices and fixtures are connected into one circuit, the connection points of the components are sealed.

Before filling the trench, it is necessary to carry out tests by pouring water into the water intakes. No results were found as a result of testing weak points? We fill the system laid in the trench with soil, and equip the gutters, trays, and pallets with gratings.

Before backfilling the trench, the constructed system must be checked, all defects and leaks should be identified and eliminated if they occur.

Advice. Pitched roofing structures not equipped with drains on all sides. Where they are not available, it is recommended to install gutters with gratings and connect them to the general network.

It is prohibited to unload the city collector well into the general sewer network due to the presence of chemicals and petroleum products in wastewater. The owner of a country house can freely connect a storm drain to his own sewer system, because it contains no dangerous components that require fine cleaning.

After cleaning in the sand trap, the water enters the sewer, from where it can be distributed directly into the ground, discharged into reservoirs or into the regular sewer network of a private home.

Improving the house and surrounding area with a surface drainage system will help extend the life of structures, relieve the owners from puddles and slush, and prevent rotting of plant roots. A simple do-it-yourself storm drainage system can be installed by the owner himself, but even if you turn to builders, information about the specifics of its organization will not hurt. The owner himself will be able to monitor violations, repair and clean them.

Some regions experience rainfall, while others experience snowy winters. In such situations, it often becomes necessary to install an entire system for draining rain and melt water. This issue is relevant both for settlements of different levels and for private households.

When it comes to such an important structure as a storm sewer, SNiP, GOST and similar regulatory documents are very important. After all, only a properly constructed storm drainage system will work properly and for a truly long time.

This is a utility network whose purpose is to collect excess moisture from a certain area and then drain it away. Requirements for the construction of storm sewers (storm drains) are established by SNiP 2.04.03-85.

It is this document that must be followed at all stages: during preliminary calculations, design and construction itself. It is important to note that SNiP 2.04.03 - this is the spelling that is sometimes found - does not actually exist, this is an incorrect spelling of the norms, the number of which is indicated above.

Sometimes the question arises about the need to comply with SNiP: is the sewerage system small areas cannot be built without complex calculations and design, “by eye”?

No, because non-compliance certain rules often results in disruption of the entire system, problems due to stagnation of water, as well as losses. Hence the conclusion: if a site really needs storm sewerage, SNiP is a mandatory document.

What are storm drains like?

The type of stormwater system can be point or linear. In the first case, everything is relatively simple. Point storm drainage is a number of storm water inlets that are installed under drainpipes buildings and then connected into a drainage system. One of the main elements of such a storm drain is special sand catchers and protective grilles.

The linear type of storm drainage is much more complex in its organization. Here we are talking about drainage of wastewater not only from buildings, but also from the adjacent land plot. A network of channels is added to the storm water inlets (it is arranged using drainage trays or pipes), as well as the main collector. Door trays may also be required - the same rain inlets, only used in front of gates, wickets and doors.

The construction of storm drainage systems on large plots of land also requires the presence of inspection wells. With their help, you can check how the entire system works and carry out preventive cleaning of storm drains.

When installing a linear type storm drain, you have to take into account the mass important points. Here are just some of the parameters taken into account by SNiP:

• pipe type,
• burial depth plus much more.

Depending on the type of location relative to the surface of the earth, storm drainage can be external or internal.

External storm drainage

The most common example is the installation of drains along paths. A system of this type involves the installation of special drainage trays covered with gratings.

External storm drainage often serves aesthetic purposes, since external elements systems can be decorative. A definite plus outdoor system drainage of storm and melt water, one can recognize the relative simplicity of the device, as well as ease of use: easy washing in case of blockages and contamination, replacement of damaged elements if necessary.

Internal storm drainage

Such a system is much more complicated, as it involves serious calculations. Internal storm sewerage involves a significant amount of work on digging and equipping trenches in the ground, laying pipes, and installing inspection wells. At the same time, internal storm drainage, when properly equipped, copes well with any volume of waste and melt water.

Where does design begin?

Calculation of storm drainage is the most important part. SNiP for sewerage contains the necessary formulas, as well as a number of values ​​that will be required for substitution. To start the calculation, you need the following information:

1. How much precipitation does the area receive on average?
2. What is the drainage area? This value is the sum of the areas of all roofs and other waterproof surfaces (concrete-filled paths, canopies).
3. What type of soil is on the site?
4. Where are underground communications located (if any).

All the data has been collected - it’s time to calculate the theoretical volume of water according to SNiPs. It is important not to forget about the correction factors and calculated values ​​of precipitation, which are collected in a special table in the rules.

Installation of a storm drain is impossible without these preliminary calculations. Storm sewerage, the calculation of which is incorrect, is unlikely to completely solve the problem of drainage. The essence of the error is not particularly important: an incorrectly selected storm pipe, inclination angle or collector volume.

An error on the downside usually results in overloading the entire system during significant rainfall and/or snowmelt. If you oversupply materials, installing storm drains can become a very expensive undertaking.

A complete design of a storm drainage system must take into account not only SNiP for sewerage. Storm drainage involves following GOST 21.604-82, which is dedicated to external water supply and sewerage networks.

The document contains a list of sections that must be included in a full-fledged project.

At what depth should the pipes be laid?

Here, a lot depends on the diameter of the pipes, the climate, and the type of soil. As a guide, let’s take the average values: in the middle zone, pipes with a diameter of 50 cm or less can be laid to a depth of 0.3 meters. This depth of storm drainage is considered sufficient. At larger diameter The pipes should be large and the depth should be 0.7 meters.

If the storm sewer pipes are not deep enough, during frosts it is possible that ice jams may form inside and even pipeline ruptures. Repairing such damage is labor-intensive and often expensive.

Why is it so important to maintain slope?

Everything is simple here: if the storm sewer pipes are laid at the right angle, wastewater“will go” to the collector by gravity. If the slope is insufficient, stagnation of water forms in the pipes/trays, which can turn into ice in cold weather. If you make the slope too large, this can lead to rapid siltation of the pipeline.

It is recommended to calculate the minimum slope according to SNiP. There are situations where it is impossible to lay pipes at the proper angle (usually in rocky or frozen soils). In this case, the design must take into account the use of special drainage pumps.

Storm drain to sewer

This is one of the frequently asked questions. Experience shows that private homeowners sometimes have thoughts of combining their house sewer system with a storm sewer system. Typically, such ideas are related to the fact that in both types of systems we are talking about wastewater disposal.

It is strongly not recommended to implement such ideas. Stormwater discharged into the sewer system can seriously hamper the operation of the liquid waste disposal system. Storm sewers are characterized by sharp increases in the filling of pipes.

During heavy rainfall or massive snow melt fecal pipeline There may simply not be enough bandwidth. Due to the reasons stated above, stormwater drainage into the sewer system becomes simply an unacceptable option for draining rain and snowmelt runoff.

What is a storm drain protection zone?

This concept is confusing to many. But the establishment of a storm sewer security zone is a direct requirement of SNiP. We are talking about the distance in both directions from the location of any element of the drainage system (or from its projection onto the surface of the earth, if the system is buried). This distance is five meters. It is not allowed in the specified zone.

In order to remove water from precipitation from the foundation of the house and from the site, storm drainage is used. Moreover, for high-quality installation and selection of elements requires a certain level of knowledge and skills.

If you take a responsible approach to studying the issue, you can install high-quality storm drainage yourself. First of all, you should understand the purpose of such a system.

Why do we need storm drainage?

In addition to directly draining water from precipitation, storm sewers perform protective function. When water flows from the roof of a building, it falls on the blind area (which you can build yourself), the foundation, from which it rises along the walls. The walls are destroyed by moisture.

Not only the house can suffer from the effects of precipitation, but also the area adjacent to it. In an area with stagnant water, not a single plant will grow, and it will simply become a dirty patch. On paths where precipitation collects, puddles will form, making it difficult to approach the house. Excess rainwater is also undesirable for garden beds. Therefore, water from precipitation must be drained.

When is storm drainage required?

The answer to this question is extremely simple - always. To increase the service life and quality of operation, each building must be equipped with a system for draining water from precipitation. Unfortunately, most often the idea of ​​installing a storm drain comes quite late, when the building is destroyed and requires serious repairs.

Therefore, it is important to plan the arrangement of gutters and drainage systems at the design and construction stage of the building. These elements are being built in parallel with the implementation of roofing works and filling the blind area. Such work is extremely important in regions with high levels of precipitation.

Before starting work on arranging a storm sewer, you should study the issue and become familiar with the algorithm for its creation.

Scheme for creating a storm sewer

To create a sedimentation water collection system, two schemes can be used:

• Spot diagram of storm drainage system;
• Linear diagram of storm drainage.

A point-type stormwater system is necessary to collect water from the roof of buildings. The installation process is quite labor-intensive and requires installation and excavation work.

• Through a drainage system, water from the roof is collected in storm water inlets and through special pipelines equipped underground, redirected to a collector well and discharged beyond the territory of the land plot.
• In places where sedimentary water accumulates, it is allowed to install an additional well connected through a pipeline to a collector well.
• When the snow melts, it is possible to reverse the outflow of water from the collector well. To prevent such an undesirable situation, it is necessary to install check valve for the collector.

Linear storm drainage is necessary to collect precipitation from blind areas, paths and lawns.

Such a drainage system is most often dug in around the perimeter of the blind area or along paths near the building. The main installation rule is to position the drainage trays strictly perpendicular to the water flow.

Helpful information! To prevent various debris and leaves from getting into the collector instead of water, storm grates are installed on top of the drains. At the junction of the pipe leading to the collector and the drainage tray itself, a plastic grid is placed to catch sand.

To ensure high-quality functioning of storm drainage and reliable protection of the house from sedimentary moisture, it is necessary to use both systems in combination. Before starting the installation of storm sewers and purchasing the required materials, it is necessary to carry out design work and calculations.

SNiP for storm drainage: calculation

To determine the required diameter of the drain, storm water inlets, and drainage elements of the system, it is necessary to take into account the level of precipitation in the region. This information can be obtained from the following regulatory documents: SP 32.13330.2012 or “SNiP 2.04.03-85 Sewerage. External networks and structures.”

To calculate the amount of sedimentary water that needs to be drained, you must use the formula given in these documents Q = q20 ? F? ?, Where

Q— volume of precipitation, the waters of which must be drained;

? — water absorption coefficient.

In this case, the coefficient will depend on the quality of the surface:

1 - for the roof;

0.95 - for asphalt coatings;

0.85 - for cement coatings;

0.6 - materials made of crushed stone with bitumen treatment;

0.4 - for materials made of gravel and crushed stone that have not undergone bitumen treatment or treatment with bitumen analogues.

q 20 — intensity of precipitation in the region, measured in l/s per hectare. The formula for calculating this parameter is described in SNiP 2.04.03-85;

F- surface area from which water will be drained.

Based on the data obtained, the required volume of pipes for storm drainage can be easily determined.

Table of drainage system performance (in l/s) depending on the diameter of the pipes used and the slope of their location.

Pipe no.	Slope %
	0-0,3	0,5	1,0	1,5	2
№100	3,89	5,02	7,10	8,69	10,03
№ 150	12,21	15,76	22,29	27,31	31,53
№ 200	29,82	38,50	54,45	66,69	77,01

Using the obtained pipe diameters and the slope of the location, we calculate the required number of elements for the storm sewer and record their location. It should be taken into account that the distance between the drain and the storm inlet should not be more than 25 cm. When installing a collector well, it is necessary to deepen it to the threshold of soil freezing in the region. For example, for central regions In Russia this threshold is 1.4 meters.

In cases where it is impossible to deepen the collector to a sufficient level, it is insulated.

After all the calculations have been made, it is necessary to select materials for installing storm sewers.

Selection of elements and pipes

First of all, when choosing pipes, you should pay attention to the temperature thresholds in the region, since, for example, plastic pipes burst in severe frosts.

All storm sewers can be divided into main and auxiliary components. The main ones include:

• Pipes. These components are most often located underground, and therefore are not affected by significant temperature changes. This allows the use of pipes from polymer materials: polypropylene pipes or multilayer corrugated polymer pipes (they are more often used at great depths).
• Storm water inlets. These elements are designed to collect water from gutters and redirect it to the stormwater system. They are made from polypropylene materials, cast iron and polymer concrete. To prevent pipe clogging, rainwater inlets must be purchased with a removable waste basket.
• Storm drainage trays. The materials used for the production of this element are concrete, plastic, and stainless steel. Internal section the tray reaches 100-500 mm (some models have a slope). To prevent contamination, a grid made of the same material as the tray itself is installed on top. This lattice performs not only a protective, but also a decorative function.
• Door pallets. This is an element rectangular shape installed near the entrance to the room. Most often it is made of plastic; the upper grille can be made of steel.
• Sand catchers. These are containers for small waste. They are made from plastic and installed at the junction of trays and pipes.
• Collector well. On the market you can find a huge number of models of this element of the stormwater system, made from a variety of materials.
• Manholes. They are located in corners or joints of several pipes. Needed to provide quick cleaning sewerage.

Auxiliary elements include all the necessary materials that will be needed during the installation and arrangement of the sewer system:

• Socket bends and tees;
• Couplings for connections, etc.

After all materials are prepared, we proceed to installation of the entire system.

Features of installing a storm system

Installation of storm drainage should begin after commissioning drainage system.

Installation Features:

• The most complex and time-consuming work is land work. They are performed in the first stage. Trenches are dug throughout the entire sewerage area. It is necessary to fill the trench with a sand cushion (10 cm high).
• Stormwater inlets are installed under each drain. In this case, the depth of the pits should be such that after installation the storm drain grate is at the same level as the blind area.
• Pipes (corrugated drainage) are laid, with the help of which the storm water inlets are connected into a single system connected to the collector well. It is important to seal the joints.
• The slope of the pipes leading from the storm inlet to the collector well is 2 degrees.
• Linear sewerage must also be connected to the collector.
• It is not necessary to make a collector well for the final precision system. It is necessary that water from this element be drained outside the site, for example, into a central sewer or ravine.

It is important to carry out the work carefully and check all connections and slopes of the pipes.

Conclusion

Arranging a storm drainage system on a site is not a difficult task. In order to maintain the system in working condition, it is necessary to perform seasonal cleaning of the system or as it becomes clogged. In addition, it is necessary to check the inspection wells, the collector, and wash the walls of all elements of the system. All exterior grilles must be cleaned weekly. How to clean it is fashionable to read “Cleaning storm drains” in more detail.

A high-quality storm drainage system will provide dry paths near your home and protect the area from excess dampness.