Growing bell pepper seedlings. Growing and caring for sweet peppers

Sweet or bell pepper is a heat-loving plant and rather capricious, but it also has many advantages. In addition to the bright colors of the fruit, which can easily be used to decorate a holiday dish, pepper can also boast of the presence of vitamins, of which it contains a lot.

Selecting pepper seeds and sowing them

To grow peppers and get a good harvest, you need to properly care for them. But, first of all, when choosing seeds of a particular variety, you need to focus on growing conditions. It could be:

• Open ground;
• Stationary greenhouse;
• Temporary shelter;

Growing peppers in a greenhouse is a good option; it is comfortable in protected soil. Although it grows well in open soil.

Once the variety has been selected, you can begin to germinate the seeds. Due to thermophilicity Bell pepper grown only seedling method. Seeds for seedlings must be treated before sowing. Their soak for several hours in in warm water. When they swell, they are moved to a moistened cloth for 3 days. This treatment helps to get seedlings very quickly.

They are also disinfected by keeping them in a manganese solution for half an hour and washing them after that. running water. Treating them with growth stimulants is also useful. It would be useful to prevent seedlings from fungus. For this purpose they use special means. Pepper seeds are sown in February so that in May they can be transplanted into the ground. Suitable for growing seedlings:

1. Coconut substrate;
2. Peat tablets are convenient because when picking, the seedlings along with the tablet are simply moved to another container;
3. Soil with hydrogel that retains moisture well.

But it’s possible to prepare the substrate yourself from humus, earth and sand in a ratio of 2:1:1. This mixture will be light and loose. Per kilogram of composition you can add tbsp. bed of ash. Before sowing the seeds, water the soil well with a solution of manganese.

You can use boxes for growing seedlings. But peppers do not tolerate transplantation very well. Therefore, many people prefer to grow seedlings in small pots or cups to avoid picking seedlings. Both methods are quite applicable. When the seeds are sown, they must be properly moistened and covered with glass or polyethylene.

Temperature plays an important role in caring for seedlings. Optimal temperature parameters for normal seedling growth:

• Daytime t - 25-27° C;
• Night t - 10-15° C;

It is important to provide the seedlings with a good drainage layer. Small pebbles or sand are suitable for this; they are added to the substrate. Moisturizing it should be moderate. Excess moisture can lead to various diseases, but the soil should not dry out either. Watering the seedlings warm water , because they can die from the cold. What else is needed for normal growing of seedlings:

1. Ensure indoor air humidity. This can be easily achieved by spraying or purchasing a special humidifier;
2. Ventilation is necessary, but careful, so that the seedlings are protected from drafts. Therefore, it is better to cover them for this time;
3. Additional lighting will also be needed for care. It is created using phytolamps, LED or fluorescent lamps.

At first lighting is used 24 hours a day, but as the seedlings grow, they are illuminated only in the morning and evening, providing about 12 hours of daylight.

To grow seedlings and their development, plants begin to be fertilized in seedling containers. When 3 leaves appear on the seedlings, you can start feeding. For this, ammonium nitrate diluted in water mixed with potassium compounds and superphosphate is suitable. 2 weeks after this, a second feeding is carried out. After applying fertilizer, the seedlings need to be watered. A good herbal fertilizer for seedlings is nettle infusion. A mixture is prepared at the rate of 10 parts water to 1 part nettle, infuse it for 2 days.

From seedling boxes 20 days after germination dive into separate pots. It is not advisable to use containers that are too large for picking seedlings. In them, the seedlings may rot their roots or they will build up excess green mass.

Before transplanting into open soil, seedlings are hardened off. To do this, it must be taken out to Fresh air, each time increasing the exposure time. The main thing here is to monitor the air temperature. For pepper, its minimum value is 13° C. This is how it gradually adapts to sunlight, wind and rain. Such procedures make pepper more resistant to temperature changes.

After 60 days, the seedlings are ready to move to open ground or a greenhouse to a permanent location. But seedlings 80 days old usually have higher yields. It is important that the plants have 10-12 leaves, and height about 30 cm. A day before moving them to open ground or a greenhouse, you can spray them with a solution of a growth stimulator. This also increases resistance to diseases.

Setting the stage

The soil for growing sweet peppers, as well as for seedlings, is light, permeable, moist and fertile. The soil should be neutrally acidic; if it has a high pH, ​​it needs liming. It is useful to add rotted peat and sand to loams. Peat soil mixed with humus and turf soil. IN sandy soil contribute sawdust, humus.

The soil for peppers is prepared in advance. About a year in advance, it is good to add the following mixtures to the garden bed where you plan to plant peppers:

• Organic fertilizers are added directly under the pepper predecessor;
• In the fall, when digging, mineral potassium and phosphorus fertilizers are applied;
• In spring, add ammonium nitrate to the top layer of soil.

After fertilizing the soil, it must be dug up, freed from weeds and leveled. Then pour it dissolved in hot water potassium humate or mullein.

A few days before planting pepper seedlings, it is good to disinfect the soil with the following composition: add tbsp to a bucket of water. lodge copper sulfate. So, the soil is ready and you can move sweet pepper seedlings into it.

Planting seedlings

You need to replant the pepper carefully, without damaging its roots. The seedlings are transferred from separate containers along with a lump of earth. This method reduces the risk of injury to the roots to a minimum. Peppers are planted in open ground when all frosts have passed in late May-early June. To a temporary greenhouse in mid-May, and to a permanent greenhouse in the beginning of May. When planting sweet peppers, you need to take into account what grew in the beds before it. It will develop well in soil where there were:

1. Pumpkin;
2. Cucumbers;
3. Carrot;
4. Zucchini.

But after potatoes, peppers, tomatoes or eggplants, it is better not to plant peppers, but find another place for them. Necessary take care of the soil temperature. Sweet peppers do not like cold soil, and a good option for growing them would be raised beds.

It is better to plant different varieties of pepper as far apart as possible. After all, culture is prone to cross-pollination. If possible, it is better to plant tall crops between them. When planting peppers, you need to maintain a distance of 25 cm between bushes, and 50 cm between rows. When the seedlings take root, they need to be watered more often. After planting, mulch made from humus or peat is a good choice, as it retains moisture in the soil.

Immediately after transplanting, young peppers can be cover with polyethylene or lutrasil on a frame, making them a greenhouse. This will create favorable conditions for their rapid development. If film is used, the plantings must be ventilated. It's better to choose non-woven material, allowing air to pass through. It’s good to spread out in a greenhouse plastic bottles with water. Heating up during the day, they will give off heat to the pepper at night. This will smooth out daily temperature fluctuations. When the weather becomes consistently warm, the shelter can be removed.

Subtleties of care

Caring for sweet peppers is not very difficult. All procedures are quite simple:

• Watering;
• Fertilizer;
• Weeding;
• Garter;

During the growing season carry out pruning activities. Long shoots are shortened, and shoots located below the main fork of the stem are removed. The procedure also includes the removal of diseased leaves and barren shoots. This is done to form a branchy bush and improve productivity.

Of the developing stepson shoots, 4-5 are left, on which the fruits will develop. Removing side branches is especially important from below if the weather outside is hot and humid. But during dry periods, this procedure is not recommended, because the lower leaves retain moisture in the soil. After harvesting, prune again. The central flower, which grows from the first branch, is pinched by many gardeners to increase yield.

High varieties of pepper needs to be tied up. It is better to place pegs for this immediately when planting its seedlings. The pepper must be weeded and loosened, but very carefully without harming its roots. This makes the soil more breathable. During the season, 3-4 procedures are carried out and during the second loosening, the peppers can be hilled.

IN open ground sweet pepper must be chosen sunny place and protect it from drafts and wind. In hot weather it is shaded from direct sun. It is good to mulch the soil with a thin layer of rotted straw. This will keep the soil moisture at the right level and help reduce watering. The length of daylight hours is also important for peppers. It refers to plants that, with less than 12 hours of daylight, begin to bear fruit earlier. This gives more stable and higher yields.

Watering and fertilizing

Watering should be regular, because pepper is moisture-loving. Too long a dry period can cause the ovaries to fall off. Irrigation scheme:

During the fruiting period, watering is needed 2 times a week. It is important that the water is not cold, room temperature is acceptable.

Needs pepper and in periodic feedings. The very first one is carried out 2 weeks after transplanting the seedlings, the next one occurs during the flowering period of the pepper and then when the fruits appear.

It is good to add organic fertilizers, alternating them with mineral compounds, which can be used to treat the plant in a foliar way. Potassium fertilizers are very useful, but they must be used with caution so as not to overfeed the plant.

Liquid organic formulations are also effective, but fresh manure is not suitable for feeding. It can cause flowers on peppers to fall off. Of the organic compounds, it is better to use humus and compost. They are brought in by the bucket per 1 square meter. m.

Foliar feeding with growth stimulants is done only in warm weather. The preparations are diluted in water and pepper is sprayed with it. These procedures can be done once every 2 weeks.

Plant fertilizers are also suitable for caring for peppers. You can prepare such a composition in a 100 liter barrel of water, place 5 kg of dandelion, nettle, chickweed, add half a glass of ash and a bucket of mullein. The composition is infused for a week. It must be strained before use.

What ails pepper

The most common pepper diseases are white rot and blossom end rot, late blight, macrosporiosis, and septoria. Eat different ways fight them. Every 2 weeks it is useful to treat the plant for preventive purposes with antifungal drugs Trichodermin and Alirin.

Helps against late blight correct pre-sowing seed treatment. Infusion is also effective onion peel, which is sprayed on plants. It is necessary to monitor soil moisture. With insufficient watering, gray rot may develop.

Of the pests, sweet peppers are most annoyed by cutworms, slugs, whiteflies, Colorado potato beetles, aphids, mole crickets, and spider mites. To combat pests, the plant is pollinated with a solution of wood ash. Treating pepper with whey will help against aphids, after which it is sprinkled with wood ash. WITH spider mite Spraying plants with infusions of tansy, garlic, yarrow and wormwood will help cope. Keltan and karbofos are also suitable for fighting it.

Finally

Peppers are harvested by cutting them off as they ripen, so that ripened fruits do not interfere with the development of others. It's usually put in boxes where it ripens.

When choosing varieties for planting, you need to decide why the pepper is grown. If it is intended to be used in fresh, then a good option would be large-fruited varieties with thick pulp. Varieties with small fruits are also suitable for preservation.

As you can see, there is nothing difficult about growing sweet peppers. The main concerns come during the period of caring for seedlings. But the resulting harvest will pay off all the work a hundredfold.

How to properly grow peppers in open ground and provide care? Sweet peppers are a southern crop and require warmth and humidity. IN middle lane, peppers are grown in open soil through seedlings and using greenhouses. To grow the desired crop, you need special care.

Pepper grows well in open ground in the middle zone

Soil preparation

Growing peppers in open ground requires competent preparation land.

Sweet peppers grow better in open ground in places with a mild climate and in areas where there is more sun and less wind. To protect from the wind, make a shield from plants or build a fence.

When growing peppers in open areas, it is important to understand after which crops it is more effective to grow peppers.

It is better to plant peppers in the place where cabbage, pumpkin, cucumbers, legumes, and table root vegetables grew. In places with a previous harvest of tomatoes, eggplants, and potatoes, it is not recommended to plant peppers for three years, since diseases of these vegetables spread through the ground.

The soil allocated for pepper should be characterized by fertility that retains moisture. They begin to prepare the soil in the fall. When harvesting in the fall, you need to carefully collect the remains of the previous crop and dig up the ground. They also fertilize the soil, enriching it with the following substances (per 1 square meter):

• superphosphate in a volume of 30-50 g;
• wood ash - 50-80 g;
• humus - from 5 to 10 kg.

In places where they have been fertilized with fresh manure, sweet peppers cannot be planted, since there is no need for organic fresh fertilizer. Too much nitrogen in the soil causes active growth of the vegetative parts of the pepper, and the ovary is poorly preserved, which affects the yield.

In the fall, the place where they plan to place the pepper is dug deep. In spring, the soil is loosened and fed with fertilizers containing phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen. The ground is slightly dug up and leveled before planting the seedlings.

Pumpkin is an excellent precursor for peppers

How to plant seedlings correctly?

Before planting, it is important to water the seedlings well so that the pepper does not wilt. Wilted pepper does not take root well, its growth is delayed, which leads to the fall of the first buds. So early harvest gets lost.

If the weather is hot, it is better to plant in the evening. In gloomy weather, morning disembarkation is recommended.

Prepare holes for planting and water. It is recommended to pour up to two liters of water into each hole (minimum liter), which should be heated in the sun. The seedlings are planted deeper than they were planted in pots, like seedlings. On the stem covered with soil, adventitious roots are formed that can nourish the plant.

Plant pepper seedlings in holes, ensuring sufficient watering

How to water bell peppers correctly?

Sweet pepper seedlings require special care.

In order for the seedling to take root faster, it is necessary to water the root every 2-3 days. One seedling consumes 1-2 liters of water. If the weather is hot, water every day. After seven days, the seedlings are checked and where the pepper died, a new sprout is planted from the reserve. Reduce the amount of watering. This is called "fine" watering. It is important not to harm the plants by excessive watering. How to determine the water requirement of a vegetable? If the plant darkens, this is a sign that water is needed. The plant should not be allowed to wither for a long time. If leaves wilt in the heat, this is not a reason to water.

When the fruits ripen, watering is done once every 5-6 days. In hot weather, water in the morning or evening.

Watering young peppers should be regular.

When to loosen the soil?

Sweet peppers grow comfortably in loosened soil. It should not be allowed to develop until an earthen crust appears.

What is the benefit of loosening the soil?

• Improves air flow into the root.
• The plant grows faster.
• The functioning of microorganisms is stimulated.

By weeding the ground, there is a fight against weeds.

You should be aware of the slow growth of pepper in the first 10-14 days, because the rhizome is strengthened and there is no need to loosen the soil.

The first loosening of the soil is done after the first “fine” watering. The root system is located in the upper ball of the earth, so loosening will be shallow, at a level of 5-10 cm.

If the soil is heavy, the first time you can loosen the soil deeper, destroying the soil crust. This way the soil is better warmed up and ventilated.

Hilling is carried out during flowering.

Loosening the soil around peppers should be done regularly

Feeding

Caring for pepper will not bring the desired harvest if you do not feed it.

It is good to fertilize the seedlings with nettle fertilizer. To do this, combine nettle with water in a ratio of 1:10 and leave for two days. Last time feed the seedlings 2 days before planting, increasing the dosage of fertilizers with potassium (7 g per 1 liter of liquid).

At least three feedings are done per season. The first time during the first fluffing (after planting two weeks later). Fertilize with slurry made from manure, bird droppings, mixed with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers or wood ash.

Manure is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:4, bird droppings are diluted 1:10. It is good to alternate chicken afterbirth with nitrophoska (1 tablespoon per bucket of liquid).

It is effective to add 40-60 g of superphosphate and potassium chloride up to 20 g or wood ash in a volume of 150-200 g to a solution of organic fertilizer (manure, litter).

Mineral fertilizers are also used. To do this, you need to add the following substances to 10 liters of water:

• ammonium nitrate - 15-20 g;
• superphosphate - 40-60 g;
• potassium chloride - 15-20 g.

This fertilizer is used for 8-10 seedlings.

During fruit formation, the need for pepper nutrition increases. At this stage, the third feeding is carried out. And the second time they feed at the beginning of fruiting with an increase in the dose of ammonium nitrate.

If the fruits of the crop ripen small, feed it a fourth time.

It is important to know that when caring for peppers, use fertilizers without chlorine or with a very small percentage. Pepper does not tolerate chlorine. But there is a good replacement for potassium chloride - wood ash.

Superphosphate is one of the main fertilizers for peppers

How to protect peppers from frost?

Having planted peppers, you need to know how to protect the crop from frost and damage. Caring for crops during frost requires creativity.

Tents are built from scrap materials (pieces of wood, cardboard, fabric, etc.). They are made in the evening and removed in the morning. But when the cold snap lasts for a long time, it is advisable to use film.

Flowers and ovaries often fall off. All due to unfavorable temperatures for the vegetable (low or very high temperatures). Growth stops at +8-10 degrees. But if the heat is 30-35 degrees for several days, the buds also fall off.

The consequence of untimely watering is a lack of moisture. Dry soil also reduces crop growth.

Pepper should not be shaded. With insufficient lighting, especially during cold weather, flowers and ovaries also fall off.

Bell pepper flowers may fall off due to lack of sunny color

Features of caring for bell peppers

There are some subtleties of caring for peppers for better yield:

1. It is imperative to stepchild the pepper - remove the side and bottom stepsons. But in hot and dry weather, stepsoning is not recommended. Leaves protect the soil from evaporation. To increase the yield, professionals suggest cutting off the central flower that grew from the first branch.
2. During the growing season, long shoots are cut off several times so that there is no shading of other branches.
3. Remove plant shoots below the main branch and internal branches. Pruning is carried out once every 10 days.
4. Pollinating insects are beneficial for sweet peppers. They are attracted by spraying the plant during the flowering period with a sugar solution (100 g of sugar and 2 g of boric acid are diluted in 1 liter of hot water).
5. By mulching peppers with rotted straw (up to a 10 cm layer), the frequency of watering will decrease.
6. When caring, it is important to tie up the crop immediately after hilling and mulching.

Mulching peppers helps reduce the frequency of watering

Pest Control

Pepper is sensitive to diseases, so it requires special care.

But pepper suffers the most from pests (cutworm, whitefly, aphids, Colorado potato beetle, mole cricket, slugs).

To prevent the plant from being damaged, pollination is carried out with wood ash (three times per season). You can fight aphids with a solution of serum and water (0.5 liters of serum per bucket of liquid). And sprinkle wood ash on top of the leaves.

By taking all the tips into account, you can grow an excellent harvest of sweet peppers.

bell pepper

is one of the most common vegetables among domestic gardeners. It is actively planted both in open ground and in greenhouses. Caring for it cannot be called scrupulous, but some basic principles and agrotechnical features still need to be considered in more detail. By being prepared for the process of growing bell peppers at home, you can achieve visible results.

Land preparation

Very often it is the choice of the optimal land plot for planting bell peppers becomes a whole problem. Many farmers believe that a vegetable garden is also suitable for this purpose: the soil is regularly fertilized and is quite loose. However, there is one significant drawback. As a rule, a vegetable garden is an open area, the wind constantly blows there, and there is no way to protect the plants from it. Such conditions are considered not optimal in the case of bell peppers. So try to plant this vegetable crop in a place protected from strong drafts. In addition, it is very important that it is well lit.

Before planting bell peppers in open ground, you should carry out some soil preparation procedures. What exactly does a farmer need to do:

It is recommended to pay attention to one more nuance before you finally plant peppers in your garden. Let's say you want to breed several varieties of pepper at once. In this case, it is better to plant the sprouts further away from each other. The thing is that this agricultural crop can be pollinated during the ripening process. There is a risk that you will not get the result you expected. However, there is a way out of the situation. Divide your home plantation of several varieties of peppers with taller plants (corn, tomatoes or sunflowers). This way you can without special effort Grow several varieties of bell peppers in your garden at once.

Video “Growing and caring for peppers”

From the video you will learn how to properly grow and care for peppers.

Feeding seedlings

It is necessary to feed the pepper, but you need to clearly understand what kind of soil you are dealing with. Your choice of fertilizers should depend on its characteristics. Let's say you decide to plant peppers in a greenhouse and fill it with regular garden soil. In this case, be prepared for the fact that you will need to replenish the soil every 10 days. If you approached this issue more thoroughly, using a specially prepared earthen mixture for planting bell pepper seedlings in it, it will be sufficient to carry out no more than three stages of fertilization in the future.

How do experienced gardeners get out of this situation?

Many people prefer exclusively natural fertilizers. Between the rows of seedlings, shallow trenches are dug into which manure or bird droppings are poured. When can this type of procedure be carried out? It is advisable to do this after 2-3 leaves bloom on the sprouts. When the bell pepper seedlings grow noticeably, they need to be planted, and then the next stage of fertilizing the soil must be carried out. You can use either special complex mixtures, dry ash or compost tea.

Feeding after planting

You can decide for an infinitely long time optimal place for planting bell peppers. But your efforts to grow a bountiful pepper harvest don't have to end there. Particular attention should be paid to regularly feeding the soil with mineral fertilizers. Moreover, this must be done not just once, but during the development of the plant and the ripening of fruits. What kind of fertilizers are suitable for bell peppers, and in what proportions should they be added to the soil?

Among the variety of modern fertilizers, urea and phosphates are the most common for this agricultural crop. But that's not all.

Today, many summer residents use potassium and phosphorus fertilizers for feeding purposes, as well as folk remedies(cow dung or bird droppings). It is best to feed peppers with natural mixtures.

For example, cow manure is recommended to be diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10. As for bird droppings, the proportions here will be 1:12. These types of fertilizers are considered the most universal for bell peppers.

If you prefer to feed a vegetable plant as a disease prevention and in order to strengthen the vegetative part of the crop, you can safely use universal fertilizers. However, if for some reason you did not feed the soil in advance, or did so, but noticed a certain deterioration in the appearance of the bell pepper seedlings, you need to act immediately. First, identify the problem and then promptly fix it. For example, if your plant is not sufficiently saturated with nitrogen, over time the vegetative mass begins to turn yellow. In the case when burns appear on the edges of the leaves of seedlings, the cause in most cases is considered to be a deficiency of potassium in the soil. It happens that bell pepper bushes acquire a purple tint: this means that it is necessary to add phosphorus fertilizers to the substrate.

Stimulation of fruiting

To prevent such problems from occurring, it is worth supporting seedlings at all stages of their development. There are universal ones for this natural fertilizers, among which nettle tea stands out. How to cook it? It is necessary to chop the stems of this plant, and then fill some barrel or container with them (about 2/3). The greenery is filled with water. It is advisable to leave the resulting mixture in a dark place for effective fermentation. At the end of the process, which will take about a week, the solution is used to fertilize the soil, first diluting it with water in a ratio of 1:10. If you wish, you can feed the soil to obtain a more generous harvest of bell peppers using a high concentration of nettle solution. To do this, you need to add dandelion, woodlice, plantain and other herbal plants.

Stimulating fruiting is not a bad thing, but it is not advisable to overdo it. With excessively large volumes of fertilizers and too frequent fertilizing, the branched part of the bell pepper may become woody. In addition, sometimes you can get the opposite result: when the soil is oversaturated with fertilizers, the fruits grow almost empty inside, falling off long before the end of the ripening period.

Features of watering

Varieties of bell peppers for open ground do not require too much care. However, when it comes to hydration, mistakes in this matter are unacceptable, as they can cost you dearly. Interestingly, it is recommended to water pepper seedlings regularly; you should not let the soil dry out. But you shouldn’t create excessive dampness either.

What rules should you follow regarding watering peppers:

• After planting seedlings in open ground, it is not advisable to water them immediately. It is necessary to give it a few days to adapt and only then carry out the first phase of watering. Next, try to maintain the established intervals until the seedlings begin to actively sprout;
• As soon as the sprouts turn green, it is recommended to water them daily;
• be sure to use warm and pre-settled water for watering - failure to follow such recommendations is fraught with the occurrence of diseases in the plant;
• it is important that water does not fall directly on the pepper leaves;
• There must be drainage at the bottom of the seedling container. Thus, excess moisture will evaporate in a timely manner.

Video “Growing peppers in a greenhouse”

From the video you will learn how to effectively grow peppers in a greenhouse.

bell pepper also called sweet, it is rich in nutrients and vitamins, comes in a variety of colors, is juicy and tasty.

Process growing sweet peppers has its own characteristics, since pepper is a heat-loving vegetable. To get a good harvest of peppers, you need to have knowledge and certain skills.

Let's consider growing bell peppers from seeds, from seedlings, care features when growing in open ground, pest and disease control, when to harvest.

Content:

- Video – Peppers, the secret of a rich harvest

- Video - HOW TO FORM A PEPPER CORRECTLY!!! CARE AND FEEDING!!!
Pepper trimming
Pests and diseases of bell pepper
Harvesting bell peppers
- Video – 10 MISTAKES when growing sweet peppers

Pepper is a plant of short daylight hours, and if the daylight hours are less than 12 hours, the pepper begins to bear fruit earlier.

It is not advisable to plant pepper seeds in open ground even in the southern regions, because you need to wait until the soil warms up; the pepper will begin to bear fruit later and not for long. Therefore, sweet peppers are mainly grown in seedlings.

Growing bell pepper seedlings

When growing seedlings at home, pepper seeds are sown in February, so that the plants have 90-100 days before transplanting into the ground. Pepper does not tolerate picking, so try to immediately sow the seeds in separate peat pots with a diameter of 8-10 cm.

There is no need to use large pots due to the slow development of the root system of peppers.

Soil for seedlings

A light and loose substrate consisting of humus mixed with 1 part earth and 1 part sand is suitable. Add 1 tbsp per 1 kg of substrate. l. wood ash.

Before sowing, treat the pepper seeds - soak the seeds in hot water + 50 degrees for 5 hours. Then place the seeds in a damp cloth for germination for 2-3 days, the room temperature should be + 20 degrees. After such pre-sowing preparation, seedlings appear the very next day after sowing.

Water the seeds sown in cups and cover with plastic wrap or glass. Until seedlings emerge, keep the pots in a warm place with a temperature of + 22 degrees. After the shoots emerge, remove the film and transfer the seedlings to a room with a temperature of 26-28 degrees during the day and 10-15 degrees at night.

When caring for pepper seedlings, do not allow the soil to dry out, but we also do not recommend excessive watering.

Water with warm water +30 degrees; cold water will cause frail seedlings to grow and the plants may get sick. The air in the room should not be too dry, protect the plants from drafts and spray the plants.

In winter in February, seedlings require additional lighting so that daylight hours are from 7 am to 9 pm.

First feeding carried out in the phase of appearance of 2 true leaves with the following solution: dilute 5 g of ammonium nitrate, 10 g of potassium fertilizers, 30 g of superphosphate in 10 liters of water.

Second feeding carried out 14 days after the first with mineral fertilizers in 2 times greater proportions than the first.

Third feeding carried out 2 days before planting seedlings in the ground. Increase the dose of potassium fertilizers in the solution to 70 g per 10 liters of water.

A few weeks before planting pepper seedlings, the plants are hardened off by placing them in fresh air for several hours. Make sure that the air temperature is not lower than +13 degrees, the seedlings may die.

Choosing a place to plant bell peppers

Select a plot in the garden where cucumbers, onions, pumpkins, carrots, cabbage, zucchini, and various green manures previously grew. Peppers do not grow well and bear fruit if planted in an area where potatoes, eggplants, tomatoes, and peppers previously grew.

Pepper grows best in light soils. Prepare the area for planting in advance, in the fall add 50 g of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers per m2, dig deep. In the spring, add 40 g of ammonium nitrate per m2 of plot to the top layer of soil.

Before planting seedlings in open ground, disinfect the soil with the following solution: dilute 1 tablespoon of copper sulfate in 10 liters of water.

At the end of May, pepper seedlings are planted in open ground with a distance of 40x40 cm between plants. Seedlings are planted in a film greenhouse at the end of April.

Seedlings should be planted at the same depth as the plants grew in cups or boxes. Do not expose the roots, but also try not to dig in the root collar.

Peppers do not like cold soil; arrange high beds for peppers, raised to 25 cm, to get a good harvest of peppers.

Attention: peppers are susceptible to cross-pollination, so different varieties Plant peppers as far apart as possible or separate them using tall plantings of tomatoes, corn, and sunflowers.

Video - Peppers, the secret of a rich harvest

Caring for peppers in open ground

It is necessary to water, fertilize, garter and weed pepper plantings in a timely manner.

Feeding peppers in open ground

During the season, it is necessary to carry out 3-4 fertilizing with chicken manure diluted with 1 x 10 water. Alternate such foliar fertilizing, using spraying with nitrophoska (1 tbsp per 10 liters of water).

Potassium deficiency will lead to curling of the leaves and the appearance of a drying border. But pepper does not tolerate an abundance of potassium chloride.

At nitrogen deficiency pepper leaves become smaller and acquire a matte grayish tint. If there is excess nitrogen, flowers and ovaries are dropped.

Phosphorus deficiency– the leaves on the underside become deep purple, press against the plant stem and rise upward.

At magnesium deficiency the leaves become marbled in color.

Video - HOW TO FORM A PEPPER CORRECTLY!!! CARE AND FEEDING!!!

Pepper care

Carry out stepsoning in hot and wet weather, deleting side shoots, especially the lower ones. And vice versa, when the weather is hot and dry, the peppers are not the stepsons, the leaves during this period protect the plants from evaporation of soil moisture.

Pepper trimming

During the growing season, the longest shoots are pruned, especially all shoots below the fork of the main stem are removed, as well as all branches going inside the plant. Perform pruning every 10 days and after harvesting the fruits.

To attract pollinating insects, spray the pepper plantings with a sugar or honey solution: 100 g of sugar, add 2 g of boric acid, dilute everything in a liter of hot water.

Mulching peppers with rotted straw (10 cm layer) will reduce the frequency of watering to once every 10 days.

Carry out gartering of plants in a timely manner; it is better to do this after hilling.

Pests and diseases of pepper

Pests such as slugs, armyworms, aphids, whiteflies, mole crickets and Colorado potato beetles can harm plants. It is necessary to pollinate peppers with wood ash 3 times per season.

Common diseases of sweet peppers– late blight, Septoria, macrosporiosis, blossom end rot, white rot, black leg.

In the fight against mole crickets, before planting in the ground, fill the planting holes with onion water (infuse 500 g of onion peels in 10 liters of water for 3 days).

If aphids are infested, treat the plants with a solution: dilute 1.5 liters of whey in 10 liters of water. After processing, crush with ash.

Harvesting bell peppers

When the peppers acquire the size and color appropriate for ripeness, begin harvesting by cutting off the vegetables with the stalk. Pepper ripening begins in early August and continues until the first frost.

Video - 10 MISTAKES when growing sweet peppers

Wishing you a great harvest of sweet peppers!

To get a good harvest of bell pepper, it is important to create for it the necessary conditions. High humidity and elevated temperature are the indicators that have a positive effect on this vegetable. But such a plant can be grown not only in warm regions. It is often found in vegetable gardens. In order for peppers to bear fruit, it is important to know how to plant peppers in open ground, what to put in the holes, as well as what the distance should be when planting peppers in open ground, and how to properly care for sweet peppers in open ground.

Seed processing technology

Growing bell peppers in open ground begins with proper seed preparation. The technology for preparing bushes for planting involves calculating the timing, because sowing must be carried out so that by the required date the pepper is ready for planting in the ground.

There are several seed treatment techniques for successful conservation and improvement. planting material. With their help, you can increase guarantees for a successful harvest.

Interesting! If the seed is not processed, the seeds will sprout fourteen days after planting. When processed, the result will be visible on the third day.

First of all, it is necessary to determine which seeds are healthy. To do this, they need to be filled with a 3% solution of baking soda and water at room temperature. After five minutes, healthy seeds will remain at the bottom of the vessel, and empty and unsuitable for planting will float on the surface. After checking, the seed is washed from salt and prepared for processing.

The seed is disinfected using various solutions. This could be Albit, Fitosporin, Alirin-B or Trichodermin. You can also use your grandmother’s recipe and treat the swollen pepper seeds with a solution of potassium permanganate. 30 minutes will be enough for the treatment to produce results.

Drugs such as Ecogel, Novosil or Epin increase the plant’s immunity and accelerate its growth. They are used according to the instructions attached to them. To improve the effect, such drugs can be used after the sprouts have emerged.

In order to make the seeds strong and strong, special fertilizers are used that strengthen the seeds. To do this, just soak the seeds in diluted fertilizer for 12 hours.

Growing pepper seedlings

Seedlings are grown in the ground three months after sowing the seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare from February. It is important to complete all the necessary procedures before starting to seed. First of all, it is necessary to process and disinfect the seeds. They are then hardened and soaked. After this they are ready to disembark.

Sowing seeds

In order for the pepper to grow faster, you must first wrap the seeds in a damp cloth and hide them in a warm place for two days. After this, you can plant them in previously prepared soil (in boxes, pots or other containers). The distance between the peppers when planting in the ground should be 1.5 cm, after which the container is covered with glass or plastic film until the seedlings emerge.

Important! To plant bell peppers, you need light soil, which consists of sand, black soil and humus. Water the seedlings with water, which is infused for one day.

It is important to regularly add organic and mineral fertilizers to the soil. The first feeding occurs after the first leaves bloom on the seedlings.

Growing pepper seedlings

You can prepare soil at home using the following ingredients:

• turf land;
• peat;
• humus;
• sawdust.

All components are mixed in a ratio of 2:4:1:1. Then ash and sand are added to the resulting soil, adhering to the following dosages: three tablespoons of ash and 0.5 liters of river sand per bucket. The resulting consistency is poured with potassium permanganate.

There are two methods to grow bell peppers:

With the help of picking

It is important to pick on time so that the plant takes root better. As soon as the seeds germinate, the vegetable grower counts 20 days and makes a pick. Since the root of the pepper does not recover well, it is not touched, but other parts of the plant are used.

Without using picks

This technique is more common. You just need to move the seedlings from a smaller container to a larger one. Then the root system is not affected and the plant takes root faster.

Growing peppers on a windowsill

When growing bell peppers on a windowsill, you need to know several subtleties and nuances. First of all, you need to choose the right time for planting seeds. Since bell peppers at home often do not have enough heat and sufficient humidity, they will take longer to germinate. Therefore, it is recommended to plant seeds in late February - early March.

For normal plant growth, it needs to be provided with 12 hours of lighting. To do this, it is enough to keep the windows constantly clean, since dirty windows take away part of the world.

Don't forget about the humidity in the room. For bell pepper it should be 70%. To do this, install an air humidifier in the room. Of course, you can spray plants with a spray bottle, but a humidifier will be more rational and safe.

For planting seeds, two-hundred-gram cups are used, which are replaced by liter cups after one month has passed after planting.

Bell pepper, cultivation and care in open ground

The technology for growing peppers in open ground is similar to growing tomatoes. It is important to water the plant on time, feed it, shape it, and, if necessary, remove the stepsons. Don’t forget about protection from various pests and diseases.

It is necessary to water sweet peppers as soon as they are planted in open ground, then after five days. After each watering, it is necessary to loosen the soil so that there is no hardened soil. The plant is fed three times per season. For this purpose, nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus are used.

Don't forget about protection from heat. To prevent pollen from losing its abilities, it is necessary to make screens that will darken the plant.

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Bell pepper, grown in a barrel

You can also grow the crop in a barrel. To do this, you need to take a barrel and remove the bottom. In order for oxygen to enter the barrel, holes must be made in its walls, 1 cm in diameter at a distance of 20 cm from each other.

Then the following components are laid out in layers: fading (layer thickness 10 cm), soil mixture (turf and ordinary soil, compost).

At the beginning of May, one pepper bush is planted and covered with film. After three hours, tear off all the lower leaves and fill the plant with 10 cm of soil mixture. After the plant grows, repeat the procedure. Do this until the barrel is completely filled with earth (this will be the beginning of June). Then the barrel can no longer be covered with film.

Features of agricultural technology

Agricultural technology for growing sweet peppers in open ground consists of the following processes:

• Irrigation. Seedlings must be watered with settled water every day. You need to be careful not to overdo it with water.
• Prevention. Periodically spray the plants with a spray bottle to maintain moisture.
• Temperature. It should not exceed 22°C during the day and 15°C at night.
• Feeding. To increase the immunity of pepper, it is necessary to feed it with minerals.

Principles of growing on site

Sweet pepper is a plant that requires care and attention. Therefore, an experienced gardener prepares everything in advance necessary tools to care for him. Outdoor care for sweet peppers consists of the following steps:

• seedling preparation;
• planting a plant in the ground;
• watering;
• feeding

Preparation of bushes

Before planting seedlings in open ground, they must be hardened off. To do this, the plant must be periodically exposed to the sun to adapt. Due to this, the pepper will be resistant to weather conditions and will be strong. Hardening begins two weeks before planting.

The process of planting plants in open soil

To get a good pepper harvest, you need to choose the right place for the beds. This area should not be exposed to direct wind currents, be sunny and protected from drafts. In the fall, it is important to prepare the necessary area for planting by first digging it up and fertilizing it. It is necessary to plant bell peppers in open ground by impregnating the soil with potassium and phosphorus substances.

When planting, it is important to remember that sweet peppers do not like straight sun rays and too hot air. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the seedlings are in the shade.

Depending on which variety is planted, a scheme for planting bell peppers in open ground is developed. The holes should be 35 cm apart from each other, and 45 cm between the rows. If two peppers are planted in the ground, then the distance increases to 60 cm.

There is also a square-cluster method of planting peppers. Its essence is that each hole has identical sides that do not exceed 60 cm.

Peppers are transplanted into the ground at the end of spring or early June, depending on weather conditions. It is recommended to do this on a cloudy day or in the late afternoon, so that there is no direct rays of the sun on the ground.

Planting pepper in open ground begins with the seedlings first being watered and carefully, without damaging the root of the plant, removed from the container along with a lump of soil. At the same time, it is important to know at what depth it is necessary to plant pepper seedlings in the hole. The stem of the plant is placed underground up to its first lower leaves. After planting sweet peppers in open ground has been completed, it is recommended to insert pegs nearby to which they will be tied in the future.

Features of watering

Bell peppers do not require regular watering and moistening of the open ground. Initially, it must be watered during planting, then after 5 days and then once a week. Approximately one liter of water is needed for one pepper bush.

During flowering, water for irrigation should be about 20°C. Don’t forget to loosen the soil around the bush after each watering to prevent a crust from forming. To keep moisture longer, it is recommended to mulch bell peppers. Mulching peppers in open ground is done using rotted straw or grass.

Pepper feeding

It is necessary to fertilize the soil three times throughout the entire season. In order for plants to develop and grow normally, they need nitrogen. Therefore, the first feeding is preparations containing nitrogen. It is done 2 weeks after planting the bushes in the ground.

The next feeding is carried out during the flowering period of pepper. The plant needs potassium to form fruits. It is found in wood ash. And the last feeding occurs when the first fruit has formed. For this, potassium salt and superphosphate are used. Two teaspoons of each component are added to a bucket of water and the plants are watered with the resulting solution.

Possible diseases and pests and their control

The following pests can often be observed on pepper:

• slugs;
• Colorado beetle;
• whitefly;
• bear

These pests are collected by hand, and a solution of wood ash is used for aphids.

Popular diseases are:

• Yellowing of leaves. This means the pepper is lacking nitrogen. For treatment, you need to add 1 teaspoon of urea to 10 liters of water and spray the bushes with the resulting solution.
• Falling of the ovaries. A solution of boric acid will solve the problem (1 spoon per bucket of water).
• Fruits develop poorly. Treated with superphosphate or wood ash.
• Blackleg. Occurs from excess moisture.

Growing greenhouse peppers

Planting a crop in open ground under a film is considered the most convenient, as it brings the crop closer to normal conditions. Seedlings can be planted in the greenhouse in April. To do this, holes are made in the greenhouse, maintaining the correct distance.

Before planting seedlings, it is important to fertilize the hole. A solution based on chicken droppings or manure is perfect for this (half a glass of fertilizer per 10 liters of water). After planting, the bushes are watered at a rate of 1 liter per bush. And to support the plant, you can make a support from pegs, so that you can then tie the pepper to it.

Collection and storage

Bell peppers are harvested as the fruits ripen. Some vegetable growers may collect unripe fruits to remove the weight from the bush. This vegetable is used in many recipes, fried, stewed or baked. The fruits can be peeled and frozen or canned.

In order to receive fresh peppers until December, you can transplant the flowering bush along with the soil into any container and leave it on the windowsill in the house.

Any gardener, growing a particular crop, wants to collect as many tasty, healthy and large fruits from it as possible. Today we will talk about the topic of growing bell peppers and maintenance rules, and we will also look at how the vegetable is planted in greenhouses or open soil.

Seed processing technology for seedlings

Pepper sowing technology

Agrotechnical techniques for growing seedlings

Principles of growing on site

Pre-planting preparation of bushes - hardening

The process of planting plants in open soil

Watering requirements

Ways to feed peppers

Possible difficulties

Rules for growing peppers in greenhouse conditions

Seed processing technology for seedlings

If we take into account lunar calendar, then planting bell pepper seedlings should be done on those days when the moon is waxing. When growing seedlings, the material is placed in the ground with the arrival of February days. February is considered the most suitable month. This is justified by the fact that by the time of planting in greenhouses or beds in open soil in May, peppers must be at least three months old.

Sequence of seed processing steps step by step:

1. To disinfect planting seeds - place them in a one percent iodine solution and leave for 30 minutes. Wash afterwards plain water.
2. Place the material in a container with warm liquid and leave for about 5 hours.
3. To speed up the process of seed pecking, transfer them to gauze, previously moistened with water, and place them in a warm place. Do not touch for 2 days.
4. Make a soil substrate in advance - take soil and sand in equal parts, combine and pour in humus, so that the resulting ratio is 1:1:2. Finally, add wood ash to the soil mixture - 1 spoon to 1 kilogram.

Pepper sowing technology

So, when all the above steps have been completed, you can begin the landing procedure. This is done carefully in the following sequence:

1. Soil is poured into containers (pots or boxes) and then soaked with water at room temperature.
2. Dig small holes - approximately 2 centimeters deep.
3. The seeds are distributed in such a way that there is a distance of 4 centimeters between them. This trick saves gardeners from the need for further diving.
4. The holes are sprinkled with soil and watered abundantly with the same liquid at a warm temperature.
5. A plastic film is placed on top of the container (can be replaced with glass). Place in a well-heated room without possible drafts.
6. During this period, there is no point in providing light to seedlings that have not yet germinated. But, starting from the moment of emergence, it should be saturated with light energy. If the weather is cloudy, you need to create artificial lighting using lamps. Seedlings need to be grown properly, with lighting for 12 hours a day.

Agrotechnical techniques for growing seedlings

After the young shoots have formed, the film must be removed after a week.

During the development of young seedlings, the planted seedlings are fed twice. The first fertilizer is applied to the soil when two pairs of leaves appear - approximately two weeks from the start of germination.

A urea solution is used as a top dressing; it is prepared in the following proportions: 0.5 tablespoon to 5 liters of liquid. To achieve better efficiency, sprinkle a little ash on the ground in advance.

The following procedure is carried out several days before the final transplantation into open soil. The components of the feeding remain the same (described above). The only difference is the addition of superphosphate, in the amount of 0.5 tablespoon. If desired, the fertilizer can be replaced with a well-proven nettle infusion.

Principles of growing on site

Bell peppers after transplanting to the site require special attention and worries. Therefore, you should immediately stock up on tools that will later be useful for watering, loosening the soil and removing weeds. In addition, it doesn’t hurt to arm yourself with means for feeding plants - this is also a very important point.

When to plant pepper seedlings in the garden? Before growing bell peppers in open ground, you should wait until a warm climate has established and give the soil time to warm up after winter frosts.

In the southern part of Russia and in regions with a temperate continental climate optimal timing planting - the last days of May and the first half of June. For other territories, it is considered more correct to wait until mid-June. Since until this time the northern regions are still subject to frost.

Pre-planting preparation of bushes - hardening

Before planting peppers, they need to be hardened off. This will make the plants stronger, more resilient and help them quickly adapt to new unusual conditions. external environment. Hardening is carried out for two weeks before planting. Let's look at how this is done:

1. The seedlings are placed on the veranda or balcony and the windows are opened. In warm weather conditions, leave for one to two hours.
2. Having protected the vegetation from exposure to sunlight using plywood, such procedures are repeated throughout the week. When the temperature at night does not drop below 14 C, it is left there.
3. Criteria for selecting a place for seedlings and preparation operations

You should immediately decide on the place where the pepper bushes will grow. Basic conditions - the site must be chosen unshaded and protected from strong wind gusts.

Then you need to process it like this:

1. In autumn, it is good to dig up and loosen the soil. Next, saturate it with potassium and phosphorus-containing preparations - 100 grams per 2 square meters.
2. With the arrival of spring, saturate the soil from above using ammonium nitrate - 40 grams to two squares of the plot.
3. Approximately a week before planting, disinfect the soil. Copper sulfate is perfect for this - 2 tablespoons to 20 liters of liquid.

It is important to know! When several varieties of pepper are grown at the same time, they should be spaced far apart. This will eliminate the possibility of accidental cross-pollination. You can divide the beds, planting, for example, corn or tomatoes between them with peppers.

The process of planting plants in open soil

How to grow vegetables? Cold soil is undesirable for bell peppers. In this regard, the height of the holes should be raised by approximately 30 centimeters. Vegetables are pre-irrigated abundantly in order not to injure root system, separating it from the ground. These actions are carried out either before sunrise or in the late afternoon. They are not seated close to each other, maintaining a distance of 40x40 cm.

At the end, the holes are filled with soil, lightly compacted and thoroughly soaked in liquid heated to room temperature. To avoid breaking off the leaves of immature plants, you should make a support near each one - tie it to pegs.

Paying attention to the fact that living vegetation needs to receive oxygen, therefore loosening the top soil layer is necessary measure. Lay polyethylene material in the form of a film over the area. It will need to be removed after about 5 days, when the vegetables get used to the new environment.

Watering requirements

Growing and planting peppers is not particularly difficult if you know all the rules. Vegetables growing outside do not need much moisture. The initial watering is carried out simultaneously during the planting period, and the subsequent watering is carried out 5 days later. Subsequently, the soil is soaked no more than once a week.

The required amount of liquid per plant is a liter (a little more is possible). However, he is growing and gaining weight, which means that later he will need a double portion of water. As soon as the peppers enter the flowering phase, only warm liquid is used for watering - about 20 C.

Watering is completed approximately a couple of weeks before the final harvest. After it has rained or you have watered the beds, they should be loosened. To reduce irrigation and retain moisture for a long time, cover the beds with mulch; rotted straw is suitable.

Ways to feed peppers

The first feeding is carried out two weeks after planting. In order for plants to grow normally, they require nitrogen. Therefore, the most suitable for the first procedure are preparations with a high content of this element. Mostly summer residents use this tool:

Superphosphate - 1 tablespoon mixed with urea in the same quantity.
The drugs are poured into 10 liters of liquid.

Urea can be an equally effective supplement - 1 teaspoon and 10 liters of water. The resulting solution is poured into the soil near all pepper bushes, using 1 liter for each.

Further feeding will be needed during the period when the plants begin to bloom and pollinate. In order for the fruits to form faster, they must be fed with potassium. In this case, it is customary to use wood ash. And then add the same solution with urea as the first time.

The third procedure is performed when the first peppers are formed. The following mixture is in greatest demand:

1. Potassium salt is combined with superphosphate - in a volume of 2 teaspoons each.
2. The resulting compound dissolves in a bucket of water.
3. Growing peppers is not an easy process. You should spend more time on vegetables, evaluate their development and apply them in a timely manner. nutrients. By the way, fertilizing is not always applied to the soil. External saturation of the vegetation mass of plants is often carried out.

Possible difficulties

It happens that we grow peppers according to all the rules, but they suddenly begin to weaken and change color for no apparent reason. If you understand what's wrong in time, you can save them. So, let's look at the most common problems:

1. Yellowing leaves - most likely, the vegetation is experiencing nitrogen deficiency. To cope with this unpleasant phenomenon, it will be enough to spray the peppers with water and urea: 1 spoon to 10 liters of liquid.
2. Falling ovaries - you can bring the culture back to normal using a boric acid solution: dissolve 1 teaspoon in a bucket of water.
3. Poor crop development - superphosphate or wood ash will be your assistant in this matter: pour 1 teaspoon into 5 liters of water.

External replenishment is performed only in the morning or evening. Otherwise, sunburn will appear on the leaves. The mixture with yeast has proven itself to be excellent. It is prepared according to a simple recipe:

1. Fresh yeast - 200 grams are placed in 1 liter of liquid. Leave to brew for 24 hours.
2. Then dilute the product with 10 liters of water.
3. This product can only be applied to well-heated soil. The permissible number of applications is 2 times during the entire development of peppers. When finished, be sure to sprinkle the ground with wood ash.

To make pepper resistant to various types of pests, it is necessary to treat its vegetative mass with wood ash 3 times during the season (especially when they are pollinated). It is advisable to carry out these activities in the morning, while the vegetation is covered with dew.

To protect against mole crickets, you should pour onion tincture into the holes before planting - ½ onion skins to 10 liters of liquid. Let it brew for 3 days.

When pollination begins, aphids may appear on the peppers; they are treated using a solution of milk whey - 1.5 liters combined with a bucket of water. At the end of the action, crushed ash is sprinkled on top.

The harvest can be harvested from the moment the vegetables become the proper size and color. Since they are very tender, it is recommended to cut the peppers without separating them from the stalks. It is generally accepted that if the peppers are well pollinated, the initial fruiting occurs in the second half of August. The gifts of nature are harvested for quite a long time, ending with the arrival of the first frosts.

Rules for growing peppers in greenhouse conditions

How to grow peppers in a greenhouse? The culture is very demanding. Its main need is warmth. It is for this reason that before planting in open soil, they are germinated with seedlings. Before sowing seed material, it is subjected to pre-treatment and hardening.

In this regard, most farmers consider it best to plant peppers in greenhouses. After all, this is the only way to create a favorable and comfortable environment for them.

Seedlings are germinated in various greenhouses and greenhouses. Peppers are planted on time with the arrival of April. Sowing seeds is allowed, but they will bring a better harvest if you plant two-month-old seedlings. By this time, they should have grown upward by at least 20 centimeters, and also acquired 3-5 pairs of leaves.

Sequence of planting sweet peppers:

1. Create beds inside the greenhouse, maintaining a half-meter distance between them.
2. Then dig holes the same size as the container used to germinate the seedlings earlier.
3. Distribute a solution with manure or chicken droppings – 10 liters of water + ½ cup of the product – over the holes. The required volume for 1 hole is a liter of fertilizer.
4. Moisten the peppers well. This will help not harm the root system. And then remove from containers.
5. Plant in prepared places, sprinkling the top with soil.
6. For additional support, make a support from pegs. So that the bushes form strong and give quality harvest, after every ten days pinching is carried out.

The main steps for caring for peppers when they are planted in a greenhouse are watering, pinching, fertilizing, weeding and loosening. You should also create the right temperature conditions and carry out ventilation. On days of intense summer heat, you need to create a little shade, protecting the vegetation from the scorching sun.

Irrigate the soil no more than once every two to three days, depending on the condition of the soil. About 1 or 2 liters of liquid are consumed per bush. In addition, it is worth considering that temperature is important for plants.

The most suitable indicators in the daytime are from 20 to 27 C, and at night at least 15 C. From time to time, open all mechanisms that can allow air to pass through, since plants require more oxygen for normal development and fruiting.

As they appear, get rid of weeds and loosen the soil.

So we looked at all the secrets of growing bell peppers. Now you know how to care for and cultivate this culture. With strict adherence to agrotechnical measures, it will bring you a lot of tasty and juicy fruits. Remember all the tips and nuances, do not allow the soil to dry out or stagnate. Pay attention to your pets and surround them with love.

Growing bell peppers in open ground is possible not only in regions with a warm climate. Therefore, in the garden of many vegetable growers you can find beds with this cultivated plant. In order for each bush to have a strong stem and strong roots, and for the fruits to begin to form in a timely manner, it is necessary to plant ready-made seedlings grown at home.

How to plant peppers in open ground, seedlings or seeds is everyone’s choice. But more likely to get good result In the first case. Seeds are germinated independently at home, following several rules.

Growing sweet peppers in open ground begins three months after sowing the seeds. Therefore, grains need to be planted in early February. For the rapid appearance of healthy sprouts, the seeds must be subjected to various manipulations.

Caring for sweet peppers begins from the seeds. The preparatory stage in the technology of growing pepper in open ground is based on seed treatment. To remove fungal and bacterial infections from the seed shell, a disinfection procedure is carried out. A weak solution of potassium permanganate will come in handy.

It is enough to add 1 g of the substance to the water; the solution should have a slight pink tint. The exposure time of the grains in such a solution should be about 25 minutes.

After disinfection, it is recommended to carry out care by hardening the seeds. How to carry out the procedure correctly? For this purpose, the seeds are alternately placed in a cold and warm place for three days. Hardening will allow the bushes to withstand adverse weather conditions in the future.

In order for the seedlings to grow faster and enjoy a high-quality harvest in the future, it is recommended not to skip the soaking procedure. For this purpose, you can buy special preparations or make your own from natural ingredients. You can use a recipe based on wood ash or aloe juice. Aloe juice will additionally increase resistance to various diseases. A cloth bag containing pepper seeds is placed in the juice of two fleshy leaves.

Planting seeds

It is faster to grow peppers if you wrap the seeds in a damp cloth and put them in a warm place. After two days, the seeds can already be sown in a prepared container with soil. The distance between the holes should be at least 1.5 cm. One seed should be placed in each hole. The container is covered with plastic film or glass. As soon as it appears most of shoots, seedlings are opened.

The soil for peppers should be light. You can mix black soil, humus and sand yourself. Useful to add charcoal. The soil with seedlings is watered with water, which has settled for at least a day.

Seedlings should be protected from drafts and provided with sufficient light access. Be sure to add mineral or organic fertilizers. The first time feeding the seedlings is done immediately when the first leaves bloom. The last feeding is carried out two weeks before transplanting into an open area.

Peppers are very difficult to transplant, so many experienced gardeners skip the stage associated with picking (pinching out long roots). But if planting pepper seedlings is accompanied by correct and careful picking, then the root system will be branched and strong. One of the experiments described the positive result of this procedure: “I have been growing peppers for several years now. The picking procedure greatly increases the strength of each bush and allows seedlings to quickly adapt to a new location.”

If you decide to plant pepper seeds in open ground, then sowing begins three weeks earlier than with seedlings. It is recommended to place 4-5 grains in holes about 4 cm deep. The method of heaping seeds makes it possible to facilitate the process of seedling development. More attention should be paid to sowing seeds.

Features of planting under the open sky

There are many secrets on how to grow a good pepper crop in open ground.

How to plant sweet pepper seedlings in open ground? Before planting pepper seedlings in open ground, you need to choose a place and prepare the beds. Bell peppers should be planted in a place where there is no piercing wind. In the fall, a suitable plot of land is dug up and fertilized. Planting peppers and caring for them in open ground cannot be done without feeding them with potassium and phosphorus substances.

Also, sweet peppers in open ground do not tolerate too hot air and direct sunlight. You need to take care of shading the beds in hot weather.

In the spring, you need to loosen the soil again, adding ammonium nitrate. The pepper planting scheme can be varied, but the variety is always taken into account. At what distance from each other is it recommended to plant seedlings in the ground? The holes are dug at a distance of 35 cm. The distance between the rows should be approximately 45 cm. If two pieces are planted in a hole, then the distance should be increased to 60 cm.

The square-cluster planting method is known and often used. The hole should have equal sides, at least 60 cm. You can plant two pepper bushes in each hole. How to plant a plant if there are three in a nest? In this case, the dimensions of the sides should be equal to 70 cm. More details about this method of planting can be seen in the video.

Peppers are planted in the ground at the end of spring. If the weather does not settle, then the planting of pepper is postponed to the beginning of June. It is better to plant peppers in the ground in the evening or on cloudy days.

The seedlings are thoroughly watered and one bush at a time is carefully removed from the container along with the earthen lump that is enveloped by the roots. What fertilizers should I apply when planting peppers? When planting, it is useful to add a composition with humus and nitrophoska to the hole. The plant is placed to a depth of the first pair of leaves.

Useful layer

A valuable care step is mulching the pepper. The peculiarities of cultivation lie in covering the soil with an organic or inorganic layer called mulch. Mulching the soil is necessary to reduce weeds, retain moisture, and protect from heat and cold. In the soil that is covered with mulch, beneficial flora spreads and it becomes fertile.

You can mulch the area where the pepper will be planted with the following substances.

• An organic layer of straw can quickly cool the ground, reduce the number of weeds, and allow you to get a good harvest. The depth of the mulch layer is at least 10 cm.
• For growing sweet peppers, humus and compost are useful and nutritious mulches. They contain beneficial microorganisms that fight pathogens. Pepper grows better, the fruits ripen faster and become juicy.
• Mulch the ground with chopped grass. Any herb can be used. Planting sweet peppers in such a place will only bring benefits. The layer retains moisture well and promotes rapid development plants and fruit formation. The thickness of the mulch should be at least 30 cm.
• You can plant seedlings using inorganic mulch. This includes black film. The soil under the black film retains moisture well and protects against weeds. Many experienced vegetable growers plant peppers under the film, since there is no need for constant watering and weeding of the beds.

On the Internet you can find detailed information about each type of mulch, and also watch the video.

In addition to its benefits, mulching can lead to problems. Most often this occurs when a thick layer of mulch is installed. Stagnation of moisture in the soil can lead to rotting of the roots. Periodically you should replace the old layer with a new one.

To avoid mistakes, each type of mulch should be laid in the thickness recommended by agronomists. The layer is laid on well-heated, dry soil. Every spring, the old layer of mulch should be removed.

Caring attitude

The first days after transplantation, pepper growth slows down, the leaves are sluggish and drooping. Within a few days, when the bushes take root, a strong stem will begin to develop. Caring for peppers in open ground is accompanied by regular watering, fertilizing the soil and weed control.

Growing and caring for peppers in open ground should be accompanied by proper, regular watering. The first watering is carried out at the time of planting, and then 5 days later. If the weather does not favor rain, then water until the first fruits appear, it is recommended every week. During rapid fruiting, watering is reduced. As soon as the first harvest is harvested and new flowers appear on the plants, the previous watering regime is resumed.

As soon as the height of the plant reaches 35 cm, pinch off the top. Thanks to this, new side branches will appear. In order for the flowering to be abundant and many ovaries to form, the flower located in the center is removed.

Throughout the entire period of growing bell peppers, you need to pick off excess leaves and twigs. This provides better access to sunlight and air to the stem.

Pepper loves soft, well-loosened soil. Therefore, a hard crust should not be allowed. During loosening, the soil is enriched with oxygen, the plant grows faster, and the activity of beneficial bacteria improves. At the same time, weed control is underway. The first loosening should be carried out no deeper than 6 cm. In the future, it is useful to loosen the soil after each watering or rain.

Since the peppers heat-loving plants, then they can hardly endure unfavorable weather surprises. You can protect peppers from frost as follows. Shelters are constructed from cardboard and warm fabric over the beds. If the cold nights continue long time, it is better to cover with film.

Additional nutritional components

Growing bell pepper is not complete without adding nutrients. The frequency of applied fertilizer should be once every 12-14 days. The plant needs to be fertilized at least three times. Peppers especially urgently need nourishment during flowering and fruit formation.

The first feeding of nutrients occurs 14 days after planting. During this time, the peppers will take root and get used to the new place. The best formulations at this stage are those that contain mullein. Water is added to the manure in a ratio of 1:5, infused and mixed with water 1:2 before watering.

When flowers appear, you can use the following recipe based on herbal infusion and mullein. Nettle, plantain and dandelion leaves are poured with water, mullein is added and infused for a week. Apply the prepared solution at the root of each bush. You can repeat watering every 2 weeks. The nutrients obtained during this feeding contribute to the activation of growth and better education fruits

To attract pollinating insects during the flowering period, you can use a solution with sugar. Sugar and boric acid are dissolved in water. The resulting mixture is sprayed onto the bushes. As a result, ovaries form faster.

During fruit formation, you can care for it using fertilizer based on chicken manure and nitroammophoska. The components are mixed and left to infuse for the whole week. Fertilizer is transferred to the garden bed between the rows.

Bell peppers can be cared for using nettle infusion. An infusion of nettle alone stimulates the growth and development of pepper. Young nettle is best suited for infusion. It contains magnesium, iron, potassium and other essential micronutrients. The stems are crushed and infused in a barrel of water, covered with a lid, for two days. Before feeding, the solution is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10.

Before adding organic or mineral fertilizing, the beds should be watered with plain water. This type of care will allow for even distribution. nutritional components and avoid burning the root system.

Agricultural technology for growing peppers does not allow the use of fresh manure as fertilizer. Manure contains a lot of nitrogen, so the risk of an excess of this element increases. The stem and leaves begin to gain mass and strength, and fruiting stops.

When problems arise

If it has been noticed that the leaves change shape, color, the stems look lethargic, or other signs appear, the cause is often a lack of mineral components:

• with a lack of potassium, the leaves curl, and their tips dry out and turn yellow;
• It’s time to apply nitrogen fertilizers when the leaves have lost their rich green color and turned gray;
• if the leaves are pressed against the stem and have acquired a bluish tint, it means there is not enough phosphorus;
• white spots indicate magnesium deficiency;
• leaves and ovaries fall off when there is an excess of nitrogen.

To grow sweet peppers, you need to create conditions. At improper care he is exposed to the development of various diseases. The most common disease is blackleg, which develops in soil that is too wet. You can notice the problem by the dark part of the stem with a coating that runs near the ground. If measures are not taken, then all the roots will rot and the plant will die.

To reduce the risk of developing blackleg, seeds are planted only in treated soil; only strong, healthy seedlings are transplanted into open ground. The distance between the bushes must be large, this will reduce the rate of spread of the disease. In addition, closely planted bushes will not allow air and light to pass through well.

Late blight is a fungal infection that affects the green part of the plant. You can recognize it by the appearance of brown spots on the stem and leaves. To avoid this disease, care must begin from the seeds. Before planting, they are soaked in potassium permanganate, and seedlings in open ground are foliar sprayed with protective solutions. You should also avoid the proximity of peppers to tomatoes and potatoes.

Capsicum or Paprika, which is a member of the Solanaceae family, is known to us as sweet pepper.

Despite the name, this vegetable is not related to black hot pepper.

Vegetable pepper is a very heat-loving crop, the birthplace of which is America.

This vegetable loves moisture and warmth, but these obstacles do not prevent domestic gardeners from planting more and more seedlings in their greenhouses. different varieties pepper

It is precisely because of its whimsicality that growing pepper seedlings can become a stumbling block, especially for novice gardeners.

You must calculate the time for planting seeds in the ground yourself, since everything depends on the variety.

If the peppers you have chosen are early, then the seedlings should stay in pots for 65 days. In the case of mid-early or mid-ripening varieties, the “seedling” time increases to 65 – 70 days.

If the peppers are late, then the seedlings must reach 75 days of age before planting.

A sure sign that it is time to replant the bushes is the formation of flowers and even ovaries. There is a chance that you dig in the seeds too late. In this case, you will have to wait longer for seedlings.

When the seeds germinate, the seedlings will need to be kept under phytolamps for 3-4 weeks, which should be used for 10-12 hours a day.

In order for the seeds to germinate faster and more accurately, you need provide them comfortable conditions around. For this it is necessary control temperature, that is, at + 28-32°C, the first sprouts will appear within 4 – 7 days after sowing.

If it is impossible to maintain such a hot temperature regime, then 24-26°C will be enough to obtain seedlings after 14-15 days.

As for the amount of sunlight, it is better to provide additional lighting to any seedlings. Only in the case of late sowings is the period additional lighting is 3 - 4 weeks, and for timely planted seeds - 2 - 3 weeks.

Good, high-quality seeds are the key to the strength and health of future seedlings. Therefore, the choice of this material must be taken very seriously.

In order to remove all the bad seeds, you need do saline solution by adding 30-40 g of salt to 1 liter of water. All the seeds will need to be placed in this solution, mixed and left alone for 7-10 minutes.

After this time, it will be necessary to remove those seeds that float to the surface, and those that remain at the bottom must be sown. To disinfect planting material and treat it against fungus, gauze bags from the seed should be dipped in a 1% solution of potassium permanganate for 10-15 minutes.

After disinfection, the seeds directly in the bags should be rinsed well with water. When the processing is completed, all the seeds should be evenly spread between two layers of cloth, which should be pre-wetted.

There is a list the best varieties, which will not disappoint you with their harvests.

Variety “Bogatyr”

Mid-season variety, the fruits will be ready 125-160 days after the seedlings emerge.

Designed for cultivation in greenhouse conditions.

The bushes are very powerful, growing 55-60 cm in height, spreading.

The fruits are very large, weigh on average 150-160 g, are formed in the shape of a cone, with a ribbed surface and with medium-thick walls (5 - 5.5 mm).

Unripe fruits are green, mature ones are red. This variety is resistant to verticillium wilt, blossom end rot and mosaic.

The pulp contains an increased amount of ascorbic acid, so the fruits of this particular pepper are of particular value to humans.

The fruits can easily withstand transportation and also ripen very well in the garden. Suitable for food both fresh and processed.

Variety “Big Daddy”

Early variety.

The plants are very compact and not spreading.

The fruits are very fleshy, with thick pulp, cylindrical in shape, weighing 90 - 100 g, and have a beautiful purple color.

When biological maturity occurs, the peppers are brown-red.

The yields of this variety are stable, despite the fact that it can be grown both in open ground and in a greenhouse.

Variety “Bugai”

Very early variety, is considered the most early ripening among the entire list of varieties of large peppers.

Plants grow up to 60 cm in height.

The fruits are very large, weighing up to 0.5 kg, with thick walls 1 cm, cubic in shape, sunny yellow in color.

These peppers have a neutral taste, but this vegetable is perfect for assembling dishes.

Variety “California Miracle”

A mid-early pepper, the fruits of which can be tasted 73-75 days after transplanting the seedlings into the ground.

The bushes are quite high, up to 70-80 cm.

The fruits are red, weighing up to 250 g, thick-skinned - the fleshy layer forms up to 7 - 8 mm in thickness.

Will take root in any soil.

Variety “Atlant”

A mid-early pepper variety that begins to bear fruit 70–75 days after planting the seedlings.

The fruits of this type of pepper are very large, red in color, 18–20 cm in length, 13–14 cm in diameter, with thick fleshy walls 8–10 mm thick, the taste of which is simply amazing.

The bushes of this pepper are also large, about 70 - 75 cm in height, which will take root both in open and in greenhouse soil.

While you have left the seeds to swell, it is time to prepare the soil. Of course, you can buy it, especially now, when the shelves of agricultural stores are full of various packages with a wide variety of soils.

But if you don’t trust such manufacturers, then you can make your own soil for your pepper. The most important thing is not to overweight the earth, make it so that it is light.

Most classic version- a mixture of peat, humus and turf land, where the proportion of substances is 3:2:1. Instead of turf land, you can take forest land. When you mix these components, then into the bucket with this mixture you need to add another 0.5 kg of sand, 3 - 4 tablespoons of wood ash, 1 teaspoon of urea, 1 tbsp. a spoonful of superphosphate and mix everything very well.

To disinfect such soil, it must be poured with a hot solution of potassium permanganate with an approximate concentration of the substance of 1%.

Can be used as containers for seedlings peat pots, plastic cassettes, as well as ordinary cups or trays. Before sowing, you need to pour prepared or purchased soil into the container and compact the soil.

After compaction, the ground level should be approximately 2 cm below the side of the container. Seeds that have swollen or sprouted should be placed in the container with tweezers at intervals of 1.5 - 2 cm.

If you are working with cassettes, then you need to dig 1 seed into each cell. Next, the seeds need to be covered with a layer of soil up to 1.5 cm and compacted a little.

Before the seeds germinate, it is better to place containers with them in a greenhouse or plastic bag. This way the water will not evaporate too quickly. You need to water the seeds very carefully, as they can wash to the surface.

It is optimal to water weekly with water at room temperature that has settled. It is important that water does not stagnate in the trays of pots or trays, so you need to carefully monitor this.

Before shoots appear, the air temperature should be at least +25°C. When the seeds have sprouted, the temperature will need to be lowered to +15-17°C. Containers with seeds must be rotated on the windowsill so that the light falls evenly on all the seedlings.

Rules for caring for seedlings

• Picking



When the seedlings have already formed and grown 2 true leaves, then it is time for picking, that is, replanting the plants.

In the case of pepper, picking is aimed not only at increasing the space for the root system of seedlings, but also at preventing the occurrence of root rot.

Pepper seedlings are very delicate, so you need to minimize damage to the root system. It is better to replant into small pots, since the roots of peppers grow slowly.

In small containers, the roots will quickly master the earthen lump, so neither the earth nor the water will stagnate. Seedlings should be picked up on their leaves to avoid damaging the stem.

In each larger container you need to make a hole, and such a size that the roots of the seedlings do not bend.

The root collar can be immersed no more than half a centimeter into the ground, so you need to sprinkle each seedling with the appropriate amount of soil, compacting it slightly.

After picking, the seedlings need to be watered, and very carefully. When the water is completely absorbed, it can be moved to the windowsill, and for the first few days it is better to provide the seedlings with shade so that burns do not appear on the leaves.

The main thing is to monitor the soil temperature so that it does not fall below +15°C. When the end of May approaches, many seedlings of other crops will already need to be buried. In this case, there will be more space on the windowsill. Therefore, each pepper seedling can, in the literal sense of the word, be transferred into liter pots. Moreover, it must be transferred together with the earthen lump into the old soil, but with the addition of double superphosphate and wood ash.

• Top dressing



Before transplanting pepper seedlings to a “permanent place of residence,” you will need to feed the seedlings at least 2 times.

The first time you will need to apply fertilizer 2 weeks after picking, and the second such procedure will need to be done 2 weeks after the first fertilizing.

Fertilizers must be applied liquid so that they penetrate into the soil more easily.

Today, there are many fertilizer complexes that were developed specifically for seedlings.

This is exactly what you can feed pepper seedlings with.

• Watering

The watering regime until seeds and adult seedlings sprout will not change, that is, once every 5-6 days, each seedling will need to be watered with water at room temperature, and it will need to be watered at the root so that the entire earthen lump on the roots gets wet.

Cannot be used for irrigation cold water, since it simply injures the root system of young peppers.

• Hardening



It is simply necessary to harden seedlings before planting in the ground, otherwise the plants will not withstand sudden changes in environmental conditions.

Approximately 2 weeks before transplantation you should start accustom seedlings to the sun, gusts of wind, temperature fluctuations.

To do this, you can take the boxes with seedlings to the balcony or simply open the window.

It is important in this situation not to freeze the seedlings.

This will happen if the temperature drops below +15°C.

Also, drafts must not be allowed to form, which can also harm young bushes.

Planting seedlings in the ground

When the first buds begin to form on the seedlings, and the average temperature per day is within +15...+17°C, then it will be possible to transplant the seedlings into the ground.

For peppers, the composition of the soil is important, that is, the soil should under no circumstances be heavy. The soil needs to be dug well and leveled.

Between adjacent holes you need to make an interval of at least 50 cm, and between adjacent beds - at least 60 cm.

In each hole, which needs to be dug so that the root collar of the seedling remains at ground level, you need to add 1 tablespoon of complex fertilizer and mix. Then you need to carefully remove each seedling from the container, while not disturbing the integrity of the earthen clod.

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