Echinacea flower - medicinal properties, cultivation and features. Echinacea purpurea: healing effects and uses

Echinacea belongs to the genus Echinacea of ​​the same name; previously it was classified as a genus Rudbeckia. Both of these genera belong to the numerous and rich in cultivated plants family of Asteraceae (Asteraceae). It is really difficult to understand the difference between echinacea and rudbeckia at first glance. The shape of the flowers is very similar, and the difference in color (echinacea is purple-pink, rudbeckia is characterized by yellow, orange, brownish shades) cannot be considered significant. The first person to introduce confusion was none other than Carl Linnaeus, who described a plant with pink petals and gave the purple coneflower (head photo) a name Rudbeckia purpurea in honor of his teacher - Olaf Rudbeck.

Forty years later, the German botanist Moench corrected the mistake by highlighting generic differences: the difference is not only in color, but also in the structure of the bracts, that is, the small leaves surrounding the inflorescence - in Echinacea they are characteristic, prickly and hard, in Rudbeckia they are completely different - soft. Hence the name - Echinacea (echinos in Greek - prickly).

It is noteworthy that both plants are native to North America. There are names there - Purple Coneflower for echinacea, and Black Eyed Susan for rudbeckia. In general, of course, both genera, Echinacea and Rudbeckia, are very close, but it is worth understanding that this is a difference at the level of the genus, not the species.

In the title photo there is purple coneflower - Echinacea Purpurea

Description of the plant

Echinacea is a perennial rhizomatous plant, the stem is straight, branched, rough, although it is easy to distinguish the main and secondary ones. There are two types of leaves, basal and stem. The height of the plant is about a meter, although now there are low-growing and even miniature varieties. The flowers are baskets, quite large, the reed flowers of Echinacea purpurea are pink with a purple tint, in other species of other shades, the tubular flowers are very characteristic, form a small cone, rich red. Brown. It blooms in the second half of summer, for quite a long time - for two months, from July to September.

Modern varieties of Echinacea are not only purple, but also peach, white, milky, vanilla, yellow, raspberry, wine, and orange.

Echinacea flowers only partially resemble daisies, belonging to the same family makes itself felt, in general the image is completely different - brighter, juicier, original, decorative. Echinacea has many benefits such as ornamental plant: it is unpretentious, it has large expressive flowers that appear within two months, the flowering is very abundant, creating a carpet effect. In addition, it is an excellent neighbor for many crops and has medicinal properties, which we will discuss below.

Types and varieties

The genus Echinacea includes 9 species, and, which is quite rare, all of them can be of interest to gardeners. The most common:

1. Echinacea purpurea— it was she who became the ancestor of many modern varieties. The flowers are large, up to 15 cm, the core is in the shape of a dome or cone, often in a contrasting shade, making the flowers even more expressive.
2. Echinacea strange (Echinacea paradoxa)- also very decorative. In addition, it is the only Echinacea species that has bright yellow flowers.

Echinacea paradoxa

The best varieties of purple coneflower (they are familiar to many gardeners): White Swan(the color of the flowers is like that of daisies, the center is convex, expressive), Cranberry Cupcake(terry, pink-purple), The King(a tall variety, very large flowers with light pinkish petals and a core similar to a convex large button), Indiaca(tall, the centers look like small cones with hedgehogs, the petals are long, thin, of different shades), Magnus(very tall, up to 1 meter tall, the flowers are very bright, pink, the center is also deep pink-red).

A selection of some other spectacular modern varieties that are relatively new:

Colorburst Orange - terry dense flowers very rich shade orange color.

Butterflies Rainbow Marcella is a variety with two-tone flowers: petals the color of sherbet orange with a transition to pink.

Supreme Cantaloupe - flowers the color of ripe mango.

Greenline variety, with lime petals, with a dark green condensation towards the center. The center is yellow.

Tiki Torch - orange flowers with a velvety brown center.

Supreme Flamingo - coral orange pompom flowers, really reminiscent of flamingos.

Puff Vanilla - vanilla terry clouds.

Pink Poodle - pink pompom flowers.

Charming compact border variety - Pink Fascinator

The Aloha variety has hot flowers with sunny petals and a rich, dense yellow-orange center.

Conefections Cherry Fluff - original lime green center, creme brulle petals.

Conefections Marmalade - double, truly marmalade orange flowers.

Variety Cone Fections Hot Papaya with juicy red petals and an original flower shape - the reed flowers are very long.

Landing

In nature, Echinacea grows in the woodlands of the southeastern United States. These are fertile, light, moist and open areas. The choice of location is important not only in order to immediately create favorable conditions for Echinacea, but also because it does not require replanting for 5 years. Echinacea is planted only in sunny areas. Sometimes in the photo you can see it in partial shade, but it should be borne in mind that this is most likely a temporary shadow, for example, several hours a day. In partial shade and shade, Echinacea grows poorly and may even die.

Echinacea is not too demanding on soil, with the exception of light sandy soils– such soil should be made more “solid” by adding components that improve its moisture capacity and viscosity (organic matter is added, claying is carried out).

Plant the plants in small holes and add compost to each hole before planting. Depth – about 5 cm, distance between plants – 30 cm.

Adult echinaceas are sometimes found on sale in pots or containers - they can be transplanted into open ground at any time during the warm season. They are replanted using the transshipment method; there is no need to deepen them, that is, the plant should remain at the same level as in the pot. The soil in the hole for planting, of course, should be prepared: it is filled with nutritious light soil so that a potted plant planted in concentrated nutrient soil does not feel too sharp a contrast and takes root better.

Reproduction

Seeds

A plant grown from seeds will bloom in a year and a half. Sowing is carried out on seedlings, or directly in open ground.

Seedling method

Sowing is carried out at the end of February. The seeds are laid out on the surface, lightly sprinkled with sand, and moistened with a spray bottle. The ideal temperature for germination of Echinacea seeds is +13 °C. Germination takes quite a long time - about 1.5 months. In the first few weeks, seedlings need humidity and warmth - an indoor greenhouse (that is, a planting box covered with film) - perfect option. Seedlings are planted in open ground in May. Caring for seedlings: watering as needed, loosening the soil.

Dividing the bush

The bushes are divided in the spring, in April. The cuttings can be treated with a root formation stimulator; they are planted so that the root collars are at soil level.

Care

It is simple, just a few steps:

• To enhance the effect of a bright carpet and get more long flowering, wilted flowers are removed.
• Echinacea loves moisture and is watered abundantly.
• During the growing season, if desired, they are fed with mineral and organic fertilizers: in the spring immediately after planting and in the summer during the formation of buds - Echinacea is quite responsive to feeding.
• In the fall, approximately at the end of October, the stems are cut off, humus is added to the soil around the plant, and the plant itself can be mulched a little with dry leaves - although in a snowy winter, natural cover with snow will suffice.

Difficulties and problems

The plant is not painful, but in cold and rainy summers it can be affected by rot and powdery mildew.

Echinacea is classified as a perennial herbaceous plants. It has quite attractive inflorescences that can decorate the appearance of any flower bed. In addition, Echinacea is characterized by the presence of very beneficial medicinal properties.

It is also necessary to choose a sunny place for planting Echinacea, which will guarantee an excellent level of flower synthesis.

If the area where you plan to plant echinacea is characterized by a high level of acidity, then it can be treated with lime. It is best to plant this plant in the sun, as it loves heat very much. But, do not forget that this plant can easily tolerate cold weather.

But during severe winters, young Echinacea shoots must be covered with fallen leaves to protect them from wind and frost.

Plant care

How to properly care for the plant:

• Echinacea loves moderately moist soil. Therefore, before planting, the soil must be treated with a special solution with the addition of lime.
• This plant should be watered no more than once every two weeks.
• After flowering, Echinacea seedlings must be cut off.
• The shoots are removed, otherwise this may lead to them blooming in a different color.
• This plant must be replanted every 2-3 years.
• When transplanting, the bushes must be divided into several parts. This procedure must be carried out in early spring before the leaves grow. Autumn transplant It is best to avoid it, as echinacea does not tolerate it very well.

Echinacea does not like weeds, so it must be rid of this unwanted neighborhood. In the second year of life from spring this plant can be fed. To do this, use complex flower fertilizer or well-rotted compost with ash. This will lead to more lush flowering plants.

That is why it can be planted in flower beds, which6 are characterized by group plants. Echinacea flowers do not reproduce or change due to pollination, so several species of this plant can be planted in one bed.

Echinacea is characterized by resistance to a variety of diseases and pests, but this process is still sometimes observed.

Most often, Echinacea succumbs to fungal and viral diseases:

• Fungal diseases appear when high humidity soil.
• They are often caused by spores that belong to the genus Septoria and Cercospora.
• These diseases are characterized by the appearance of spots on the leaves, which lead to the weakening and death of Echinacea.
• If the disease is detected early, the affected leaves must be removed immediately.
• If fungal disease is very developed, then the plant must be treated with fungicides.
• Viral diseases cause deformation of flower stalks and drying out of leaves.
• Sick plants must be removed immediately. This will help preserve the remaining Echinacea bushes in the garden.

Very often, Echinacea is attacked by pests such as bugs, mucus, and slobbering pennies. To protect echinacea from pests, it is necessary not to over-moisten the soil. During rainy summers, Echinacea is often attacked by powdery mildew. To get rid of this disease, it is necessary to remove the affected areas and treat the plant with insecticides.

Failure to comply with agricultural practices can lead to the appearance of pests.

To avoid this, it is necessary to regularly clear the soil of weeds, which are carriers of various viruses and diseases. Pests cannot cause any harm to the plant, but they can spoil its appearance quite easily. In order to get rid of pests, it is necessary to treat the plant with chemicals as quickly as possible.

To avoid various diseases, Echinacea must be provided with proper and timely care.

Uses of Echinacea

Echinacea is a decoration for any garden bed. In addition, it has very good medicinal properties. This plant is used medicinally to treat many diseases.

This plant is often used to treat:

• Epilepsy.
• Gout.
• Women's diseases.
• Gonorrhea.
• Arthrosis.
• Inflammation of the oral cavity.

This plant is also highly effective against snake bites. Echinacea is not capable of causing any side effects and addiction. Echinacea is used as oil (crushed leaves of the plant mixed with honey), decoctions (leaves of the plant are poured with boiling water), tinctures (Echinacea is infused in alcohol), etc.

With the help of echinacea, the lymph system is cleansed, prevents cell destruction, fights the effects of bacteria and viruses, cleanses the kidneys, liver and blood, etc. These beneficial properties of echinacea allow you to maintain human health for a long time.

This plant is also effective in the treatment of dysbiosis, bronchitis, alcoholism, arthritis, obesity, hair loss, cleansing the body, etc.

This plant is not only an attractive flower that can decorate outdoor areas, but also very effective in many human diseases.

More information can be found in the video.

Echinacea is not just medicinal plant, is a highly decorative flower that can delight continuous flowering for 2 months. Growing echinacea in our climate is not at all difficult, because it does not require special care and tolerates harsh winters well.

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Botanical description

The Echinacea plant belongs to the large Asteraceae family. It was originally called Rudbeckia, and was later separated into a separate genus as slight differences were found between cultures. Although many agricultural companies and gardeners still confuse these two plants, therefore sometimes you can find echinacea on sale under the name rudbeckia and vice versa. The medicinal culture is popularly called “American chamomile”, since its homeland is North America. It was from there that the plant migrated to the vast expanses of Europe, where it quickly gained popularity.

Echinacea is a perennial herbaceous crop with straight, branched and rough stems, among which the main and secondary ones are easily distinguished. The height of the shoots is 0.9-1.0 m, although there are varieties with peduncles up to 1.5 m, as well as miniature and dwarf ones, which can even be grown in a pot. Echinacea has two types of leaves:

• basal - oval, wide, with jagged edges, on long petioles;
• Stem ones are sessile, lanceolate in shape, arranged alternately along the stem.

The decorative value of Echinacea lies in its large inflorescences. Spectacular baskets can reach 15 cm in diameter. central part consists of tubular red-brown flowers that look like a cone. Ligulate petal flowers up to 4 cm in length with a pointed end have a purple-pink color, for which the “ancestor” got its name, Echinacea purpurea.

Echinacea purpurea



Varietal diversity

Echinacea is a bright, cheerful flower that deserves the attention of gardeners. Its advantages include long-lasting and abundant flowering, valuable medicinal properties, disease resistance and good compatibility with other garden crops. This medicinal plant can decorate any area or garden. It can be planted:

• in wide borders;
• in compositions with herbs, cereals and daylilies;
• as a separate decorative group or single solitaire bush;
• in mixed mixborders of perennials;
• in containers and flower pots;
• along garden paths.

American daisies look harmonious with autumn asters, cosmos, rudbeckias, monardas, pyrethrum and paniculate phlox.

The Echinacea genus consists of 9 species, each of which is interesting in its own way. But in horticultural culture, only 2 types are most widespread:

• Echinacea purpurea, from which most modern varieties were derived;
• Echinacea strange is the only one of all species with bright yellow inflorescences.

Nowadays, thanks to the efforts of breeders, many cultivated varieties have been developed with a variety of colors: white, milky, vanilla, peach, yellow, pink, raspberry, orange and even lime color. Among them, it is especially worth highlighting the relatively new spectacular varieties:

• Colorburst Orange - terry flower baskets are painted in a rich orange color;
• Tiki Torch - orange petals surround a brown center;
• Butterflies Rainbow Marcella - the color of the flowers has a smooth transition from pink to orange;
• Cone Fections Hot Papaya – reed long petals of deep red color;
• Puff Vanilla - flower baskets of delicate vanilla color;
• Green Line – middle flowers yellow color surrounded by petals of a delicate green shade, similar to the color of lime;
• Pink Double Delight - lush inflorescences Pink colour;
• Aloha is a cheerful variety with yellow petals and an orange center;
• Supreme Flamingo - coral-orange pom-pom flowers resemble graceful flamingos;
• Conefections Marmalade - dense double baskets the color of orange marmalade.

Any of the many varieties of echinacea will not only look great in the garden, but will also decorate the interior of an apartment or office, because the flower stalks can stand for a long time when cut, maintaining their bright color and freshness.



Echinacea Green Line



Growing from seeds

Echinacea can be propagated by seeds or by dividing the bush. The first method is suitable for those summer residents who decided to start a medicinal crop on their plot for the first time or grow new variety. To grow from seeds, you need the seeds themselves and sterile soil made up of 2 parts garden soil, 1 part sand and 1 part compost. But experienced gardeners do not recommend using ready-made store-bought soil, because it contains peat, which inhibits the germination of American chamomile.

Echinacea seeds even with favorable conditions take a very long time to germinate compared to others flower crops. The first shoots can be seen only after 5-6 weeks.

So you need to be patient and follow the recommendations for sowing:

• sterilize the soil substrate in a steam bath;
• cool the soil and pour it in an even layer into a low pot or container;
• bury the seeds 0.5 cm into the soil and sprinkle thin layer sand (1-2 mm);
• moisten the soil using a sprayer with a fine nozzle;
• Place the container in a bright place with an air temperature of +13... +15°C - it is under such conditions that Echinacea seeds germinate best.

If you sow the miracle chamomile at the end of February, the sprouts will hatch already at the beginning of April, and in May they can be planted in open ground. Caring for seeds and seedlings involves careful watering as the top layer of soil dries and loosening the soil between the sprouts to better supply the young roots with oxygen.



Planting in open ground

If you decide to have echinacea in your garden, you should choose appropriate place. This should be an open, brightly sunlit area with loose, nutritious soil. Shade and partial shade are not suitable for American chamomile; in addition, it will feel better on slightly alkaline or neutral soils. Sandy and clayey areas, as well as acidic soils. The procedure for planting in open ground will not cause problems for anyone. experienced gardeners, nor among novice summer residents:

• at a distance of 30-40 cm, dig small holes, the size of which is slightly larger than a soil ball with roots;
• Place a layer of compost or humus at the bottom of the holes;
• carefully transfer the seedlings into the holes and fill the voids with soil;
• water generously.

You should not wait for Echinacea to bloom in the first year: during the season it will only form a dense rosette of leaves. But in the second year of life, the perennial will delight you with bright flower baskets and a light, pleasant aroma.

Echinacea can be sown directly into the ground, bypassing the process of growing seedlings. In this case, in the middle or end of April, you need to sow the seeds in furrows no more than 1.5-2 cm deep, water them with water and sprinkle them with a thin layer of soil. But this method is only suitable for the southern regions, since in temperate climate In the middle zone, tender seedlings often die from sudden temperature changes characteristic of our spring.

Now you can freely purchase ready-made Echinacea seedlings with a closed root system (in containers). They are sold in garden centers, nurseries and online stores. Such specimens can be planted throughout the summer. To do this, it is enough to dig a planting hole 40 cm deep, fill it 1/3 with a mixture of sand, compost and garden soil, transfer the plant from the container so that the lump of earth does not collapse and expose sensitive roots. In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the seedling is in the ground at the same level.

Reproduction by dividing the bush

Another way to propagate Echinacea is by dividing the bush. This method is preferable when it is necessary to preserve the varietal characteristics of the mother plant. Adult specimens at least 4-5 years old are suitable for this purpose. Optimal time for division and transplantation - the second half of April or the beginning of May, depending on the region and weather conditions:

• carefully dig up the bush, digging it away from the rhizome so as not to injure the roots;
• divide mother plant into several parts so that each of them has at least 3-4 renewal buds;
• prepare a separate hole for each division, the dimensions of which are slightly larger than the volume of the root system of the seedling;
• plant the plants without deepening the root collars, sprinkle with soil and water;
• mulch the soil around the seedlings with rotted compost.

Caring for Echinacea

Caring for echinacea is not difficult, but to grow a spectacular specimen, you will have to make some efforts:

• Watering. The perennial loves moisture, so it needs to be watered abundantly, avoiding prolonged stagnation of water. Excess water in the soil can provoke the development of fungal diseases and the death of bushes. The best time for watering is in the evening, when the sun is approaching sunset.
• Feeding. As a source additional food You can use both organic fertilizers and complex ones mineral compounds, containing all the components necessary for active growth and flowering. During the season, 2 feedings should be carried out - in the spring at the beginning of the growing season and at the time of budding.
• Trimming. Timely pruning will prolong bright flowering. Wilted inflorescences must be cut back to the first green leaf. This will help preserve the plant's strength, which would be aimed at ripening the seeds.
• Shelter for the winter. Echinacea is a winter-hardy crop, but in a cold winter with little snow it can freeze. Therefore, at the end of October or beginning of November, it should be mulched with compost or humus and covered with a layer of dry leaves or spruce branches, but before that, all the stems must be cut off.

If you plan to collect your own seeds, you need to leave the most beautiful flower baskets on the stems and wait until they ripen seed material. The signal to collect seeds is the darkened center of the flower and completely fallen petals. Collected seeds need to be dried and sown next spring, as they quickly lose their viability.

Diseases and pests

American chamomile, with normal care and favorable climatic conditions, is resistant to diseases, so it practically does not cause problems. In cold, rainy summers, the plant may suffer from fungal and viral infections. The cause of disease is usually an abundance of moisture combined with cool air, sudden temperature changes and excess nitrogen fertilizers.

Most often, Echinacea suffers from powdery mildew, which is characterized by the formation of a loose bluish-white coating on the green parts of the plant. Septoria blight and cercospora blight appear as dark spots on the leaves. To rid a perennial of fungus, you should treat it with a solution of colloidal sulfur, Bordeaux mixture or any fungicide that can defeat the disease, for example, Topaz or Fundazol.

If echinacea is without visible reasons turns yellow and dries, and its flower stalks become deformed - this is a sure sign of a viral infection. It is impossible to defeat the disease, but if you find it on early stage, saving healthy bushes is quite possible. To do this, you need to remove and burn diseased plants, and disinfect the soil with a bright pink solution of potassium permanganate. Do not throw virus-infected bushes into compost heap, otherwise in a couple of years the entire area will be contaminated.

Of the insects, Echinacea is bothered by slugs, bugs and slobbering pennies. Mechanical means will help in the fight against gastropods: manual collection, beer traps, mulching the soil with “prickly” material (broken shell rock, wood chips, nut shells), which slugs try to avoid. Almost all commercially available insecticidal preparations are effective against other insects: Aktara, Aktellik, Karbofos and others.

It is not for nothing that the word “echinacea” is consonant with the word “panacea”. This medicinal plant, of course, does not cure all diseases, but in terms of the power of its effect on the immune system, it has few competitors. With proper care, echinacea and honey plants are not bad and bloom spectacularly. This article contains a description of perennial Echinacea varieties, as well as practical advice on planting, propagating and growing this beautiful North American plant in open ground.

Description of perennial echinacea: varieties and varieties of culture

In Russia, Echinacea purpurea is most often cultivated in open ground; in the plant’s homeland, the eastern United States, Echinacea Tennessee and Paradoxical are also cultivated. Based on the last two, American breeders developed a group of compact, well-branched varieties with good life expectancy at easy care. The varieties and hybrids shown in the photo look great in group and solitary plantings:

• Cleopatra – the entire inflorescence is sunny yellow, elegant, remaining fresh for a long time;

• Guava Ice – double inflorescences of salmon shades, similar to funny jellyfish; has a gold medal at the international exhibition-fair “Plantarium 2010”;

• Passion Flute is a very low-maintenance variety with a mustard-like cone and twisted golden-edged flowers;

• Little Magnus – lilac inflorescences with a bronze cone;

• Pink Double Delight - a powerful pink double cone combined with long petals looks like a pompom on a winter hat, is easy to propagate and resistant to lodging.

Pink Double Delight

Advice. When cutting off wilted plants in October, leave a few fruiting shoots - tits, buntings, and greenfinches will feed on their seeds.

Planting Echinacea in open ground and seedlings

The only disadvantage of this plant is that the seed embryos take too long to wake up even with regular watering; seedlings can appear six weeks after sowing. Considering this circumstance, it is better to sow in open ground in the fall: after six months spent in the soil, the seed shells will have time to crack and begin to let water inside.

You can plant Echinacea using the seedling method, starting work in February. Special requirements This plant does not have any tolerance to soil, so to grow seedlings, take a little garden soil or buy soil for indoor perennials at a flower shop.

The seeds are pre-soaked for 1-2 hours in water, then in a stimulant solution (Zircon or Epin-Extra - 2 hours, Immunocytophyte - 24 hours). Then they are sown in furrows 5-8 mm deep, sprinkled, and watered with a spray bottle. Glass-covered containers with sowing are sent to a warm place.

Echinacea seeds

The seedlings move to open ground after three pairs of true leaves appear. By this time, you need to already choose a place to plant this large, spectacular plant.

Attention! Regardless of the sowing time, Echinacea will bloom only after a year.

Caring for Echinacea in a flower garden

In open ground, Echinacea feels at ease even with minimal care. However, some agrotechnical measures must be carried out, otherwise even selection varieties will bloom no brighter than field daisies. Growing this plant involves:

• systematic watering with generous portions of water, preferably in the evening;
• applying fertilizers twice per season;
• periodic weeding;
• in autumn, pruning to a stump 1-2 cm high and mulching the remaining shoots with dry leaves.

Attention! Echinacea does not like shade, too acidic soil and significant sand impurities in it.

Fertilizer and fertilizing - nutrition for bright inflorescences

Echinacea is content with little, but for maximum quantity peduncles require feeding. The first is carried out in the spring, as soon as the plant begins to grow. At this time, the soil around the stump, which has turned green with the first fresh leaves, is mulched organic fertilizer: bottom peat, compost, rotted manure.

Echinacea can be fed 2 times per season

Echinacea is fed the second time when it begins to bud. It's time for complex mineral fertilizer, which will probably contain all the microelements necessary for bright flowering.

Echinacea perennial: culture propagation

The beautiful echinacea is bred in two ways. To a greater extent, it is characterized by a seed method of propagation. To harvest seeds in October, cut shoots are brought home, dried, and then carefully shaken onto paper. Store the seeds in a cool, dry place until the end of winter. In February they are sown as seedlings.

A faster, but also more painful method of propagation for the plant is by dividing the bush in April. To ensure better acceptance of the cuttings, before planting they are soaked in Epin-Extra or powdered with Kornevin. At good care(watering, fertilizing) divisions planted in spring will bloom in the same year.

Diseases and pests of Echinacea

Echinacea not only protects the human immune system, but also copes well with its own diseases. If it was found on it powdery mildew, which means the air humidity is too high and the ventilation of the plants is not up to par. To combat this fungal scourge, cut out, take away and certainly burn the affected shoots. In case of relapses of the disease, fungicides based on copper sulfate are used.

Echinacea is resistant to diseases and pests

The most common pest on Echinacea is the slobbering frog. If foam nests of the larvae of this insect are found, the flowerbed is sprayed with an infusion of tobacco dust, garlic or laundry soap. Such measures will stop the proliferation of the pest.

Echinacea: combination with other plants

In order for Echinacea to impress the viewer, it is planted in quantities of at least five copies. As you can see in the photo, in flower beds they give it the second tier: a harmonious combination of most varieties with tall meadowsweet, fennel, burnet, red-leaved