How to Warm Your Roof and Gutters with an Anti-Ice System. Heating the drainage system in a modern way Heating system for drainpipes

From the article you will learn what cable heating of roofs and gutters using anti-icing systems is, the main components, installation rules, types and structures of cables, laying diagram and principle, how to connect, control and protection equipment, ready-made solutions and much more.

Main tasks of anti-icing systems

Anti-icing systems are a set of devices whose task is to prevent the formation of ice on the eaves, as well as ice plugs in drains for draining water.

Timely and correct installation of roof heating and gutters allows you to protect building structures from dangerous contact with water, snow debris or the formation of icicles.

The main difficulty is the correct arrangement of the system, because the quality of heating and the efficiency of the system as a whole depend on this.

What is a roof and gutter heating system?

Anti-icing system is also called cable system heating gutters and roofs.

Its work is based on laying a group of cables that heat up and help melt snow, and also protect against the formation of ice on the roof and in the building's drainpipe.

The peculiarity of the system is the ability to turn it on during the most dangerous periods, when the likelihood of water freezing on the roof is most likely.

It is known that the main cause of damage to roofs, gutters and gutters is ice, which accumulates on the surface and has a destructive effect.

When installed correctly, the cable system prevents icicles from falling near the house, which makes it possible to classify it as one of the elements of the building’s security system.

In 2004, the Moskomarkhitektura issued a document that provided recommendations for the installation of such systems on the roofs of buildings equipped with internal and external drains. Such recommendations applied to both residential buildings and industrial facilities.

Today, heating of roofs and gutters is in greatest demand in Moscow and St. Petersburg. In these cities, anti-icing systems are installed on several thousand buildings, and this number is only growing.

During the period of installation work, companies that specialize in this work managed to accumulate considerable experience and eliminate serious mistakes that were made previously.

With proper design and compliance with installation rules, the cable heating system eliminates the appearance of ice on the surface and guarantees timely drainage of water through the devices intended for this purpose.

Thanks to this, the service life of the roof increases significantly, and “punching” and deformation of the gutters are eliminated.

In addition, the risk of icicles falling on people passing by buildings is reduced.

Causes of roof icing

Experts identify two reasons for the formation of ice on the roof of structures:

How does ice dam affect the roof and roofing material?

If the angle of the roof is less than 45 degrees, in winter a “cap” of snow mass will form on it.

In some cases, the weight of snow can reach 100 kg per square meter. The load increases even more if the roof has a slope of 30 degrees.

In such cases, the rafters may become deformed under the weight of the snow. To avoid this problem, it is important to periodically clear the roof of snow and remove icicles. Heating the roof and gutters helps solve this issue.

If you save on the anti-icing system, the consequences may be as follows:

Roof deformation. During the period of snow melting, the ice crust that forms on the surface is heated from below, moves and damages roofing material. In the future, corrosion processes begin from these scratches.
Damage to the drain. Weather conditions are unpredictable. There are situations in nature when, after a short thaw, frost comes again. As a result, the water accumulated in the gutters freezes, which leads to deformation or rupture of these systems.
Collapse of icicles, melting of snow mass. If heating of the roof and gutters is not provided, the time of fall of the accumulated mass of snow or icicles cannot be predicted. As a result, there is a high risk of injury to passing people, including injuries that are not life-threatening.

What types of roofs are there?

Taking into account the thermal regime, all roofs can be divided into several types:

A heating system for the roof and gutters will get rid of the problem, but its installation is associated with many difficulties, and its operation requires large amounts of electrical energy.

For this reason, it is better to perform the work in several stages. First, the amount of “extraneous” heat is reduced by insulating the upper floors, and then an anti-icing system is installed.

If there are heating systems under the roof, they must be additionally insulated.

Main components of the anti-icing system

The roof and gutter heating device consists of the following elements:

One or more heating cable branches. The laying scheme is determined taking into account the type of required roofing structure, the level of complexity of the surface, as well as the presence or absence of a structure for draining water.

General installation rules

Before installing the icing system, it is important to draw up the project in advance, and then begin installation work.

The documentation must take into account the following points:

PUE requirements;
Recommendations from the manufacturer of the system and its elements;
Decree on implementation fire protection measures;
Other documents.

The best results when installing an anti-icing system can be obtained by following following rules:

Work on a fine day when no precipitation is expected;
The icing system must be installed only at above-zero temperatures;
The area intended for laying the heating element must be clean and dry.

Remember that most of the sealants and adhesives that are used during the installation process operate at above-zero temperatures.

The same conditions apply to various models power and heating cables.

During the installation process, consider a number of other recommendations:

For maximum efficiency of the anti-icing system, perform work in the warm season.
Installation of roof heating and gutters is best done on roofs where there is provision for organized system gutter
The purpose of such a system is to prevent melt water from freezing and ensure that accumulated moisture is drained into the drainage system.
Before starting work, the roof surface must be cleaned and dried.

The ideal option is when the anti-icing system is designed at the building design stage.

In this case, it is worth considering in advance the route of laying the power cable from the roof structure assembly to the energy distribution point.

If a heating system for the roof and gutters was not provided, horizontal and vertical embedded parts must be installed during the construction process.

When installing an anti-icing circuit, the cable supply should be covered using rigid boxes or corrugated channels.

Types and structures of heating cables

When arranging circuits, two types of heating products are used, the total power of which is equal to or greater than 20 W per square meter.

Laying, as a rule, is done in an open way, so the cables must have a reliable sheath that protects from UV rays and atmospheric moisture.

During operation, heating elements should not touch materials containing bitumen - euroroofing felt, flexible tiles and other coatings. If the installation is carried out on a bitumen roof, the cable sheath must be made using photopolymer.

A big plus is the presence of an armored braid that will protect the product from mechanical damage.

On sale you can find power cables that are made in the form of a spring and prevent rupture during expansion or physical influence.

Resistive cable - types and structure

When installing an anti-icing system, two types of resistive cables can be used - single and two-core.

In general, the product consists of a metal conductor that generates heat, shielded braiding, insulation, and an outer PVC sheath.

Let's take a closer look at the types:

Resistive cables allow you to save on heating the roof and gutters at the stage of purchasing the material. As for installation, it is more expensive, because it requires the use longer length. The number of fasteners also increases.

The disadvantage of resistive cables is that they have a fixed length of sections, while the main elements of the roof, gutters and gutters are made of different lengths.

The problem can be solved in only one way - by selecting products with different resistances. In addition, the operating conditions of different sections of the cable may vary, which is why roof heating is not always effective.

Self-regulating cable - types, structure and typical layout diagrams

Unlike a resistive product, a self-regulating cable adjusts the resistance in each section or along the entire length. If desired, it can be cut into pieces of suitable length.

Structurally, the self-regulating cable is a tape heater electric type, inside which parallel conductors are located.

The latter are separated using a heat-releasing polymer matrix semiconductor type.

In turn, the conductive material of the central part plays the role of a heating element, which allows you to cut the cable in any necessary place.

As a result, the appearance of cold areas is eliminated and heat production is regulated taking into account the characteristics of the environment.

In fact, each section of a self-regulating product quickly adapts to external conditions.

This type of cable can be of two types - with or without copper braiding. Otherwise, the structural elements are identical:

Copper conductors;
Self-regulating matrix;
Polyolefin shell;
The outer shell is polyolefin type.

As noted above, resistive cable costs less, but energy costs are higher.

At the same time, the use of a self-regulating “competitor” allows you to reduce costs, which is explained by proper adjustment to weather conditions.

Due to the design features, such a cable can heat up differently on different areas of the roof - in the shade or on the illuminated side.

Eliminates the possibility of cutting anywhere big number surplus.

Definition of heating zones

When determining working areas and places for laying cables for heating gutters and roofs, the efficiency of drainage of melted water is taken into account.

To achieve the greatest efficiency, the cable is laid in drainpipes, gutters and other places where the risk of ice formation is high.

The total length of the de-icing system is determined by adding up the main roof elements that require heating.

On a steep slope, when there is a risk of snow and ice falling off, it is necessary to install a snow retention system.

In such situations, it is worth laying the cable in the area between the protective device and the edge of the roof. The height of the snake is selected taking into account the width of the cornice.

If there is no risk of collapse, you can only heat the gutters and gutters. Depending on the diameter of the latter, the power and quantity of self-regulating cable are selected.

Scheme and features of laying heating cables

The choice of scheme for laying roof heating elements and gutters is made taking into account the angle of inclination of the roof slopes, as well as its configuration.

The greater the slope and simpler form, the fewer meters of product will be required to arrange the surface.

Principles of laying and fixing a heating cable

Anti-icing systems, as a rule, are concentrated in areas of the greatest accumulation of winter precipitation and ice formation.

These include:

In a pitched roof, you can do without heating the eaves. If the angle of inclination is more than 45 degrees, the snow mass will be removed without additional help. In this case heating cable should only be installed in the elements of the drainage system.

If ice forms around skylights, the heating filament is laid near them towards the drain.

If the building does not provide drainage system, the heating line runs along the drip and along one side of the slope.

Here it is necessary to mount a device for retaining snow above the cable installation site and install a drip line on the eaves.

The fastening of the elements of the anti-icing system deserves special attention. Here you should adhere to the following rules:

Installation of an icing system for flat roofs

On flat roof The heating cable is laid around the perimeter of the water drain line.

In addition, the heating circuit must be inserted into the internal drain funnel by about 40 cm or more (for an internal drain). If the trays are external, a dripping loop is made.

Where the roof touches the parapet, installation is carried out near a receiving tray with a power of 60-80 W per “square” with exit to the tray and placement in a pipe for water drainage.

Connecting the power cable

The anti-icing system is connected using a power cable to a single-phase or three-phase network.

When connected to a 380V network, phase imbalance in the range of 10-15% is possible. To avoid the problem, it is advisable to use anti-icing systems with a total power of up to 6 kW.

If this parameter is higher, the connection is made evenly to the three phases of a 3-phase circuit.

When choosing a cable cross-section, you should focus on the power consumption and the total length of the heating section. In turn, the power depends on the resistance of the branches and the length of the heating line.

During the installation process, it is important to take into account the PUE regulations. The power and heating cables must be combined in a junction box, instead of which a heat-shrink sleeve can be used. The latter guarantees tightness at the joints.

Installation of an internal drainage heating system

The internal drain, which is heated according to a separate scheme, deserves special attention.

The structure includes a funnel roof, waterproofing, thermal insulation and mounting tape.

The system elements also include a temperature sensor, heating section, distribution box, power cable, casing, clamp and rivet.

If the roof has flat design, and drainage funnels are built-in type, the heating cable is laid along the water collection path, as well as in areas near the funnels.

After this, it is discharged into a funnel and into a pipe until it exits into the heated room.

If the product does not go through a warm area, the heating cable is lowered to the foundation of the structure or to the level of the blind area. If there is a drainage system, installation is carried out to the freezing depth.

Anti-icing system control and protection

The purpose of the control system is to create conditions for automatic or semi-automatic operation of heating the roof and gutters, and the protection system - for quick fix emergency situations (short circuits, leaks or overloads) in the circuit.

Let's consider these points in more detail.

Control equipment

The task of the control equipment is to activate the heating cables, as well as turn off the power when the operating temperatures are exceeded.

Today two types of equipment are used:

The first option is more affordable, but in regions with high humidity there may be a greater error and the appearance of ice on the roof surface.

In this regard, the weather station is better sensitive and responds more accurately to changes in humidity. In addition, the greater accuracy of the weather station allows you to save money on electricity.

If low humidity prevails in the region and the installation requires a low-power anti-icing system, a thermostat will suffice.

Interestingly, self-regulating cables are able to operate without automatic control, thanks to the ability to independently regulate their power taking into account the outside temperature and the presence of precipitation.

But it is better to use special thermostats.

Here you can use the following devices:

Of the weather stations, IS-11 performed well, which differs increased efficiency and does not require cleaning during operation.

Protection equipment

The control and protection panel for the heating system of the roof and gutters includes the following elements:

Introductory circuit breaker;
Thermostat (weather station) protection circuit breaker;
Magnetic switch;
RCD (30 mA);
Heating circuit protection circuit breaker;
Alarm.

In more complex systems, a number of additional devices can be installed, namely a time delay relay, a current transformer, controllers, a soft starter and other systems.

The protection equipment must guarantee:

Protection of the supply circuit (single-phase or three-phase) from short circuit in the heating line, power cable or in any of the equipment elements;
Overload current protection;
Shutdown of the system or one of its sections when a leakage current exceeds 30 mA.

In the first two cases, the protection function is taken over by the RCD, and in the last one, the RCD takes over. You can combine two devices in one - .

Material calculation example

To present the level of costs for installing an anti-icing system, we provide an approximate calculation of materials.

Let's imagine that the hanging gutter is 12 cm wide and semicircular in shape. Its length is 20 meters, and along the edges of the gutter there are a pair of drainpipes with a height of 14 meters and a diameter of 10 cm.

In the calculation process, it is taken into account that the installation is carried out in three lines:

As a result, installation of the system requires:

The total power of the anti-icing system (at a supply voltage of 220 V) is 2.9 kW.

Next stage- selection of protective automation. Here you will need a single-phase RCD with 30 mA leakage and 25A rated current, as well as a single-phase circuit breaker with 16 A.

Fastening is carried out in pipes and gutter using special clamps. The calculation is carried out taking into account 3-4 fastenings per meter of gutter or pipe.

The total length of the mentioned elements is multiplied by 4 and obtained total number fasteners.

For our case, this is 14 m + 14 m + 20 m = 48 m. We multiply the final number by 4 and get 192 fastenings.

You will also need a cable to secure the cable in the water drains. Here the formula is as follows - (Hcable+1 m)*2 = (14+1)*2 = 30 m.

As a result, the additional equipment you will need is:

Cable in a plastic sheath - 30 m;
Cable clamp - 2 units;
Number of clamps - (14 m+14 m)*4 = 112 units.

Features of cable fastening depending on the type of roof are listed below.

How much electricity is consumed?

One of the key factors when choosing an anti-icing system is the amount of electricity consumed. Please note that the equipment's power reserve may not be sufficient to lay the equipment.

Operating costs are determined taking into account the cost of electrical energy consumed during the operation of all elements of the system.

The formula is as follows - C year = Pн*h*s.

Its components:

Cyear - the price it costs to operate the system for a year, rubles;
Pn - rated power of the system, kW;
S - price of 1 kW/hour of electrical energy, rubles;
h is the number of hours the system operates during the year.

To calculate the approximate costs of maintaining the heating of the roof and gutters, it is important to determine the number of hours of its operation.

For this, it is taken into account that the system is active somewhere from November 15 to April 15, that is, 151 days or 3624 hours.

On average, 20% of this time the system is turned off automatically due to lack of precipitation or exit from the operating temperature range.

It turns out that the total number of hours of work is lower. We multiply 3624 by a factor of 0.8 and get 2900 hours.

Below we give an example of the annual cost of maintenance provided that resistive cables with a total length of 100 meters and a power of 3000 W are connected.

Cyear = 3 kW*2900 h*1.05 rub./kW*hour=9.135 thousand rub.

In case of use self-regulating cables Electric energy consumption will be lower by an average of 12-15%.

Rules for operating the anti-icing system

To ensure trouble-free operation and long-term operation of the heating system for the roof and gutters, it is important to strictly follow the installation instructions and trust the work to experienced workers. The latter must undergo the necessary training.

If you do the work yourself in the absence necessary knowledge, there is a high risk of not achieving the expected result.

The basic operating rules include:

Installation of the anti-icing system should be carried out while it is still warm, before the onset of cold weather;
The roof and gutters must be cleared of debris, and the system must be inspected twice a month. If a breakdown is detected, you can fix it yourself or involve specialists;
Cleaning must be done with extreme care to avoid damage to the insulation. Please note that if the integrity of the cable is damaged as a result of mechanical impact, the warranty is lost;
The settings are set on site, taking into account climatic factors. When independently determining the boundaries of turning on/off the system, you should rely on the manufacturer’s recommendations.

Ready-made solutions on the market

Below we will consider ready-made solutions for anti-icing systems.

Gutter heating kit with Hemstedt cable, 28 meters.

The anti-icing system has a power of 23 W per linear meter. The advantages are resistance to UV rays and ease of installation.

The kit includes 28 meters of cable, which is enough to heat the drain and gutter, having a total length of 14 meters.

The total power is 700 W. Alternative option The application of the anti-icing system is the heating of platforms, steps and paths, pipes and tanks.

Heating cable 104 meters long from the manufacturer Hemstedt (Germany).

The kit is useful for heating drains and gutters with a total length of 52 meters.

Laying is carried out in two routes (between spacer routes). In addition to 104 meters of cable, the kit contains mounting tape.

The total power is 2.388 W. It is used for heating tanks and pipes, gutters and roofs, platforms and paths.

Heating cable from Germany (manufactured by Hemstedt), 44 m.

The anti-icing system has a total length of 44 meters and a power of 23 W/linear meter.

The product is resistant to UV rays, is laid in two routes and has a total power of 2.2 kW.

Scope of application - heating of platforms, paths and steps, gutters and roofs, tanks and pipes.

FS 10 - water heating cable from Hemstedt, 10 meters long.

This device model is ready for use and turns on automatically when the temperature reaches above zero.

The heating cable consists of the following elements - a temperature sensor, a heating “cold” and “hot” conductor, as well as a plug.

Fastening is done using clamps to the pipe and subsequent connection to the power supply network.

The rated voltage of the product is 230 Volts, the length of the “cold” cable is 2 meters, the power is 10 W/m.

The characteristics also include an outer diameter of 9 mm, a nominal temperature of 65 degrees Celsius, and a minimum bending radius of 5 times the diameter.

The FS10 cable is excellent for small diameter pipes and can be installed in plastic pipes.

Heating cable Thermo.

It is one of the main elements of the roof and gutters heating system.

The kit also includes mounting tape for fastening to a concrete base, an insulating corrugated tube, as well as instructions in Russian. The cable cross-section is 6.7 mm.

The advantages of the product include protection of the cores with a special screen made of aluminum foil, the presence of additional insulation and cable reinforcement using fiberglass.

The upper temperature limit is 90 degrees Celsius. Power - 20 W per linear meter.

The outer shell is made of PVC. The length of the “cold” wire for connection is 3 meters, and the cross-section is 1.5 square meters. meters.

All the lineup products is shown below.

Thermostat ET-02-4550.

This is an excellent solution for controlling your anti-icing system. It can be used to control electric and water heating devices.

The main options include the presence of two control zones, low energy consumption, convenient programming and the presence of an emergency relay.

The device clearly records temperature and humidity parameters. The operating temperature range is from 0 to 5 degrees Celsius. Rated current - 16 A.

Thermostat ETR/F-1447A.

This is a reliable thermostat that is installed in panels using a DIN rail.

The device is used to melt snow and ice on gutters and roofs of small buildings.

It has a remote sensor that monitors the air temperature. Operating temperature range from -15 to +10 degrees Celsius.

Installation can be done manually. The upper load limit is 3.6 kW. Rated current - 16 Amperes.

Thermostat ETV 1991.

A model that is mounted in panels on a special DIN rail. Application is possible for heating the entire room or heating the floor.

One of the areas of application is ensuring the melting of ice and snow on roofs, heating pipelines and protecting external areas.

Features - load up to 3.6 kW, as well as the ability to connect an external temperature sensor.

The operating range is from 0 to +40 degrees Celsius. Rated current - 16 A.

Heating cable from Germany Hemstedt with a length of 16 m.

The product is intended for heating a drain or gutter up to 8 meters in length.

The power is 25 “square” per linear meter. Features include resistance to UV rays and the possibility of laying in two routes.

The total power of the kit is 380 W. The system is controlled manually. Temperature range - from +5 to +40 degrees Celsius.

DEVIsafe 20T two-core cable.

The product is intended for heating roofs, gutters and gutters. It is resistant to UV radiation and precipitation.

Structurally, it has two cores with a screen made of foil and copper braid.

The upper temperature limit is 65 degrees Celsius. The length of the “cold” cable is 2.3 m. Product type is resistive. The cable has a diameter of 6.9 mm.

Cable FS10 36 meters.

Designed for heating gutters. A heating element consists of a plug, a temperature sensor, an electrical “cold” and “hot” cable, as well as a 2 meter long “cold” wiring.

The cable is easy to install. It is secured using clamps, and the operating temperature range is from -15 to +5 degrees Celsius.

The system is controlled automatically. Power is supplied from a household network of 220-240 Volts.

Profi Therm cable.

Designed for heating drainpipes and roofs with one core and a power from 23 to 140 W.

This is a Ukrainian-made product, which is supplied with two couplings for each section.

The product is used (except for the purpose already mentioned) for heating steps, parking lots, paths and other structures.

The upper and lower ambient temperatures are +75 and -20 degrees, respectively. Control is carried out automatically. Supply voltage - 220 V.

Cable with thermal limiter, 22 meters long.

The product is based on two cores with photopolymer insulation. The bimetallic thermostat ensures operation at temperatures up to +5 degrees Celsius. Shutdown occurs at +15 degrees Celsius.

The main area of application is heating of water supply pipes. Diameter - 8.2 mm. Maximum operating temperature - + 65 degrees Celsius. The length of the “cold” section is 2 meters. The total power of the set is 220 W.

Cable SMCT-FE 30W/m with two cores and a power of 4 kW from Thermopads (UK).

The power is 30 W per square meter. meter. The main area of application is roof insulation, as well as providing outdoor heating.

The total length is 134 m and its thickness is 6 mm. The advantages include minimal losses and optimal use of heat. Average term service (under warranty) is 10 years.

Two-core cable TXLP/2 R.

Designed for heating roofs and drainpipes with a power of 28 W/meter.

The manufacturer of the product is Norway, Nexans. Scope of application - heating of steps, platforms, gutters, roofs, tanks and pipes.

This type of product is reliably protected from moisture, overheating and UV rays. It is equipped with a coupling-free connection, which guarantees trouble-free operation of the cable at the junction of the power and heating parts of the cable.

The work is carried out automatically. The upper temperature limit is 65 degrees Celsius. Warranty - 2 years.

Hemsted heating cable 19 m long.

Anti-icing system designed for 9 m gutter and downspout. Features include resistance to UV rays and a total power of 460 W.

The cable is laid in two routes. Maximum temperature should be 40 degrees Celsius. Control is carried out manually. The power of the product is 25 W/m.

The benefits of roof and gutter heating systems are difficult to overestimate. They help extend the life of the roof, remove ice, protect against the formation of icicles, improve the performance of drains and reduce the risk of leaks.

In the absence of experience in such work, it is better to involve specialists who know the installation schemes, strictly follow the work technology and configure the system taking into account modern requirements.

5 / 5 ( 1 voice )

In winter and in early spring You can often see huge, menacing-looking icicles hanging on the roof eaves of houses, ice-covered or, even worse, gutters disabled by the mass of ice. Properly organized heating of gutters can prevent such phenomena - protect residents of the house from falling ice from the roof, and protect the drainage pipe system from the need for annual repairs.

In our article, we will analyze the factors influencing the appearance of ice on roof overhangs and gutters, and also describe in detail how to choose a suitable heating cable, its installation scheme, and organize heating of the roof and gutters on your own.

Where does ice appear on the roof and gutters?

Icicles on the roof overhang and ice in gutter arise due to two main reasons:

Difference between day and night temperatures. This often manifests itself in the spring, when during the day the snow on the roof melts under the influence of the sun’s heat and flows off the roof into the drainage system, and at night, as the temperature drops, it freezes, sometimes forming huge ice dams. Ice accumulations often lead to the fact that the drainage system simply cannot withstand their weight, since it is not designed for it, and becomes unusable, simply breaking.
Operation of a warm roof. So called mansard roofs, as a rule, are more likely to form ice dams even in winter, since the heated room under the roof provokes, albeit insignificant, heating of the roofing carpet. As a result, the snow melts, and water begins to flow down the roof overhang, and at the colder eaves of the roof and in the drain it freezes again.

Pro tip: You can prevent the roof from heating up in winter by organizing the so-called cold roof(with an unheated ventilated attic), as well as proper arrangement roofing pie– with a properly arranged ventilation gap and sufficient thickness of insulation.

Means for heating gutters and roof overhangs

To prevent the formation of ice dams, they are currently used various systems heating gutters and roofs, but almost all of them are based on the use of a special heating cable and automation equipment.

Let's take a closer look at what types of heating cables and control equipment exist, and which ones would be preferable for selection.

Which heating cable to choose

There are two main types of heating cables for roofs and gutters:

Resistive cable. In practice, it is a regular cable consisting of a metal core and insulation. A resistive cable has constant resistance, constant heating temperature during operation and constant power. Heating of the cable occurs from a closed circuit connected to electricity.

Self-regulating cable for heating gutters and roof overhangs is more technologically advanced. It consists of a heating self-regulating element (matrix) that reacts to the temperature of the environment (drainpipe) and changes its resistance and, accordingly, the degree of heating depending on this, as well as an insulating shell, braid and outer shell.

Each type of heating cable is capable of providing equally effective heating of the roof and gutters. However, each of them has its own unique advantages. So, the main advantage of a resistive cable is that it is much more low price compared to self-regulating. At the same time, the second type is more efficient in terms of energy consumption and is unpretentious to installation conditions.

As the outside temperature rises, the number of current-carrying paths in the cable matrix decreases, due to which the power and amount of electricity consumed decreases. The temperature of the self-regulating cable also decreases. All this avoids the need to use a temperature sensor that automatically regulates the cable.

Pro tip: The most effective in terms of cost and quality ratio is considered to be a combined heating cable system. Typically, inexpensive resistive cables are used in the roofing portion of the system, while heating of gutters and gutters is provided by self-regulating cables.

As for calculating energy consumption and choosing the power of heating cables, the norm for resistive-type products is a cable with a power in the range of 18-22 W per linear meter, for self-regulating ones - 15-30 W per meter. However, it should be noted that if there is a drainage system made of polymer materials The cable power should not exceed 17 W per linear meter, otherwise there is a risk of damage to the drain due to excessively high heating temperatures.

Composition of a heating system for drainage and roofing

In addition to the heating cables themselves, heating systems also consist of the following main components:

Fastening elements.
Control panel, usually consisting of:

input three-phase circuit breaker;
devices protective shutdown Typically 30mA sensitivity;
four-pole contactor;
single-pole circuit breakers for each phase;
thermostat control circuit protection circuit breaker;
signal lamp.

Distribution network components:

power cables, serving to power heating cables;
signal cables connecting thermostat sensors to the control unit;
mounting boxes;
couplings that ensure tightness of connections and ends of all types of cables.

Thermostat. The operation of the cable heating system can be adjusted using two types of devices:

Actually, the thermostat. This device is designed to operate the heating system in a given temperature range. Typically the operating range is set within -8..+3 degrees.
Weather stations. In addition to a certain temperature range, the weather station is capable of monitoring the presence of precipitation and its melting on the roof. The station includes not only a temperature sensor, but also a humidity sensor, and some weather stations are equipped with both a precipitation sensor and a melting (humidity) sensor.

When using a conventional thermostat in a cable system, the user will need to independently turn the system on in the presence of precipitation and turn it off in its absence. The weather station allows you to fully automate the process of system operation and even program time delays for its shutdown. However, in terms of cost, conventional thermostats are significantly more profitable.

Heating system installation technology

Heating cable laying areas

The heating cable should be laid in places where melt water drains and in areas where ice forms:

One or more threads are pulled along the entire length of the gutters. The linear power of the cable, depending on the diameters of the elements of the drainage system, is selected from 200 to 300 W per square meter.

In drainpipes. Heating of funnels and pipe outlets requires additional reinforcement. Typically, two cable lines with a power of 20-30 W per linear meter are laid in pipes, depending on the diameter of the pipes.
In roof valleys the cable is laid up and down. The laying length is chosen to be at least 1 m from the beginning of the overhang, but it is better to be 2/3 of the entire length of the valley. The estimated power is 250-300 W per square meter of valley.
To prevent the formation of ice on the roof eaves, a “snake” cable laying pattern is chosen. This heating scheme involves laying the cable along the edge of the eaves. In this case, the snake pitch on hard roofs is selected as a multiple of the pattern, and on soft ones - depending on the power consumption per square meter (35-40 cm). The height of the “snake” triangle is chosen so that the heated surface does not have cold zones on which ice can form.
Along the drip line on the water separation line. 1-3 strands of cable depending on the drip design.

Step-by-step instructions for installing a cable heating system for gutters and roofs

Installation of heating gutters and roof eaves is carried out according to the following rules:

It is recommended to fasten the cable in gutters using a special mounting tape across the gutter in strips. The greater the thickness of the mounting tape, the longer its service life. The installation pitch of the tape strips is 0.25 m for a resistive cable and 0.5 m for a self-regulating one. It is most often fixed to the gutter with rivets, after which the installation sites are treated with sealant.
In drainpipes, the cable is secured using heat-shrinkable tubing or mounting tape. If the height of the pipes exceeds 6 m, it is better to additionally attach the cable to a metal cable in an insulating sheath to transfer the load-bearing load to it.
In the pipe mark and funnel, the heating cable is secured with mounting tape with rivets.
The cable is secured to the roof using mounting tape and sealant.

The procedure for installing a cable heating system involves inspecting the installation site, which should not have sharp edges or third-party objects that could damage the cable.
Cable sections are checked to ensure their length matches the heating zones.
If necessary, sections are cut to the required size, coupled, laid out and secured.
Install mounting boxes, ring and measure the insulation resistance of the sections.
Thermostat sensors are installed, signal and power cables are laid.
Install the control panel.
Resistance is measured and power and signal cables are rung.
Testing the residual current device.
Adjust the thermostat.
Perform commissioning work.

So, we looked in detail at how you can organize cable heating of a drainage system with your own hands, we figured out the structure of the system and the rules for choosing its components. We hope that our tips and recommendations will be useful to you and you will be able to put them into practice.

Accumulation of snow on the roof of a house, icing of gutters and the formation of icicles - these weather factors not only damage the roof, but also create a danger for people below. Of course, you can throw off the snow cover immediately after it falls and knock down ice blocks with a long pole, but who can guarantee that the roof and gutters will not be damaged in this way, and that a falling icicle will not cause harm to health or property. But there is a very effective way to eliminate all these phenomena in one fell swoop. An anti-icing system, which you can install yourself, will melt the snow in time and prevent ice from forming in the most critical areas.

Roof and gutter heating: how it works

The roof and gutters are safe and can perform their functions normally until the air temperature reaches negative values. After this, the process of water crystallization begins, which is accompanied by negative phenomena:

Ice forms on the surface of gutters and pipes, which reduces their throughput and prevents the removal of sediment and melt water from the roof;
transition of liquid into solid state is accompanied by an increase in volume, which can lead to damage to the roof and drainage main;
deterioration in the efficiency of gutters and, as a result, accumulation of water on the roof, causing leaks during active snow melting;
the formation of plugs in pipes leads to the fact that water begins to flow down the walls and foundation, worsening appearance structure and contributing to its destruction.

In order for the sediment removal system to work successfully even in the most severe frost, electric heaters are installed in the most critical places. They prevent the accumulation of snow and the appearance of an ice crust, helping to reduce the mechanical load on the roof and preventing blockages in the path of melt water.

The main function of a de-icing system is to prevent snow and ice from accumulating on potentially hazardous areas of the roof.

Most often, the following elements of drains are equipped with heating cables:

snow retainers;
collection trays and funnels;
gutters;
vertical pipes.

In addition, wastewater collection areas near storm drains, as well as trays and other elements of the drainage system, are equipped with electric heating.

Neither mechanical nor chemical methods for removing ice and snow can compare with an automatic cable anti-icing system. The first requires the use of human resources and special equipment, and cleaning with shovels and ice axes is unsafe for the roof and gutters. The second requires the application of special expensive emulsions to the roof, which must be periodically updated.

Anti-icing system design

The principle of heating roofs and gutters is in many ways similar to the functioning of heated floors. The main element electrical system anti-icing is a heating circuit that includes one or more sections of the heating cable, as well as fastening and insulating elements for its installation. The functionality of electric heaters is ensured by power and signal cables, as well as a variety of switching and switching devices. To control heating, a thermostat, temperature and humidity sensors, a time relay and protection (safety) equipment are used. The anti-icing system can be turned on in simple or smart mode, which provides synchronization with a weather station.

Automatic operation of the heating system for roofs and gutters is possible thanks to a control unit (thermostat or weather station) and sensors that monitor the state of the environment

Operating principle

The operation of the heating circuit is simple and reliable. The heaters are turned on based on signals from temperature and humidity sensors, which are installed in shaded areas and the highest points of drains. When the air temperature drops below the set value, the temperature sensor will give a command to turn on the heaters. However, voltage will be supplied to the cable only if the humidity sensor is in a certain state. Heating will turn on only at low humidity values, indicating freezing of the liquid. The power supply will stop when the alarm sensor is in the water. Such an algorithm prevents the system from running idle and contributes to its efficiency.

The functionality of anti-ice systems is ensured by a heating cable, which is laid along the edge of the roof, in gutters and other places where snow and ice may accumulate.

The design of flexible cable elements makes it possible to heat roofs of the most complex configuration. The design of the anti-icing system depends on the climatic characteristics of the region, the type of cable and the degree of thermal insulation of the roof.

Types of heating cables, their advantages and disadvantages

To set up a reliable anti-icing system, two types of heating cables are used:

resistive;
self-regulating.

Resistance heater

Heating of this type of cable occurs due to ohmic losses in the core, which has high resistance.

Depending on the design, a resistive cable may have one or two heating cores

The heat generation of modern resistive heaters is up to 30 W/m, and the temperature can reach 250 °C. The section clearly shows internal structure cable - metal conductor, insulation layer, copper braid and protective sheath. In addition, there is a type of two-core cables with an additional conductive element. Thanks to it, the connection can be made from one end. This greatly simplifies installation and reduces the cost of work by reducing the length of power circuits.

The advantages of heaters of this type include:

simplicity of design;
stability of characteristics;
elasticity;
high specific heat release;
relatively low cost.

The disadvantages of cables operating on the principle of resistive heating are:

difficult installation of the system due to the need to use contours of a strictly specified length;
the presence of a “cold” and “hot” end, which causes thermal stresses;
possibility of local overheating with reduced heat removal efficiency. For the same reason, cable overlap is not allowed;
limited maintainability: if the heater burns out, the section cannot be restored.

Since the power of a resistive element does not depend on external conditions, when using a cable of this type, correct calculation is necessary, otherwise it will be difficult to avoid unnecessary energy costs.

A resistive cable can be connected from one or both ends - it all depends on the number of heating cores

Self-regulating heating element

A self-regulating cable consists of current-carrying conductors placed in a medium made of special plastic. The presence of graphite grains in its composition turns the system into a long chain with many parallel variable resistances. The conductivity of the internal filler changes depending on the temperature, which ensures regulation of the heater power - as the temperature drops, the cable will generate more heat.

Self-regulating cable is a high-tech electric heater

Advantages of self-regulating cables:

high efficiency;
simplified installation - the heater can be cut into sections of any length;
impossibility of local overheating even in places where the heater overlaps, as well as in case of mechanical damage;
heat release, which varies along the length of the section depending on external conditions;
increased security.

The disadvantages of self-regulating elements include their higher cost, which, however, is compensated during their operation.

The most effective anti-icing systems are obtained using both types of heaters. Resistive cable, as having a higher power density, is recommended to be installed on flat areas of the roof, and self-regulating cable - in gutters, funnels and drainpipes.

Heating system design

Designing a snow melting system includes selecting heating locations, calculating the required cable power, as well as drawing up drawings, diagrams or sketches. The documentation must contain information about the type and number of heaters for each zone, sensor installation locations and electrical connections.

Selecting heating zones

At the first stage, roof drawings are studied, with the help of which the number and type of heated zones are determined. Experts recommend including the following places in the snow melting system:

Joints of adjacent slopes (valley). The cable is laid in the form of a long loop, which covers from 1/3 to 2/3 of the height of the groove in its lower part. The bending width depends on the power density of the cable and ranges from 10 to 40 cm.
The joints of adjacent roof slopes are equipped with a heating cable laid at 2/3 of their height
Roof eaves with gentle slopes. If the roof has a slope of up to 30 degrees, then the cable is laid in a zigzag at the bottom of the slope, covering the entire cornice and a 30-centimeter section above the projection of the building wall. If the roof angle is less than 12 degrees, then the areas adjacent to the funnels are equipped with heating.
Next to the funnels, the heating cable is laid on an area of 1 square meter. m
Drainpipes. The heater is placed in a riser, constructing a loop that is attached to its walls. When draining into a storm drain, the loop is made longer, taking into account the depth of soil freezing.
To heat trays and drainpipes, the heating cable is laid in two parallel lines
Funnels. On flat areas of the roof, the cable is mounted so that it covers an area up to 0.5 m wide and is inserted into the water distributor below the level of the attic floor. For funnels that are equipped with risers, additional heating is not required, since the heating of the gutter will be sufficient.
To heat junctions and parapets, one section of cable laid along the structure will be sufficient.
Various ways of laying out cable heaters can make protection from snow and ice more effective
Trays and gutters require laying two parallel lines along the bottom of the water distribution elements.
Flat roof water jets. The heater is mounted along the bottom and within a radius of up to 0.5 m from their entrance opening.

In addition, the heating cable is laid around the perimeter of the skylights, in a meter-long zone around the water collectors, as well as along the water outflow path. To ensure the functionality of the storm sewer system, it is necessary to consider heating the main line right up to the sewer.

Not only the roof and gutters are equipped with heating, but also drainage areas, as well as elements of the drainage system

Roof slopes with a slope of more than 45 degrees do not require the installation of heaters, since snow melts off their surface in a natural way. However, to ensure the functionality of the drainage system, all its elements should be equipped with a heating cable in accordance with the rules stated above.

Calculation of required power

The power of the heating cable is calculated based on the area of the individual zones that require installation of a snow melting system. To calculate this value, we are guided by data obtained in practice:

in drainpipes with a diameter of less than 100 mm - 28 W/m. The same applies to equipping trays up to 100 mm wide;
in drainpipes with a diameter of more than 100 mm - 36 W/m. The same value for laying in trays wider than 100 mm;
in valleys - from 250 to 300 W/sq. m (it is recommended to lay up to 2/3 of the height at the bottom of the joint);
along gutters - from 200 to 300 W/sq. m;
on drip edges and along eaves - from 180 to 250 W/sq. m.

On flat surfaces, install the cable in a zigzag pattern, not exceeding the bend radius recommended by the manufacturer. Using the laying diagram, the length of the cable is determined and, based on the data obtained, the total power of the snow melting system is calculated.

Before installation, you need a detailed drawing indicating the heating locations and the method of laying the heating cable

Installation of switching devices

To monitor and control the heating system for roofs and gutters, unified modules are used, the design of which provides for the connection of a power wire, heaters, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. The control unit is mounted in a place convenient for monitoring and control. Signal sensors are installed taking into account the need for their inspection and maintenance.

The anti-ice system is monitored and controlled using a variety of sensors connected to an electronic thermostat or weather station

Installation procedure for the anti-icing system

After completing all the necessary calculations, proceed to preparatory activities, collect necessary tool and purchase materials and equipment. After this, the installation of the anti-ice system begins.

Preparatory stage

Foundation preparation includes removing inoperative elements of the old snow melting system, if one was previously installed. Places where the heating cable is laid are cleared of accumulated debris and dirt. In addition, the roof is inspected to identify objects and sharp edges that pose a risk of cable damage.

Installation work

Assembling the heating system begins with attaching the electronic module. It is best to use a separate control cabinet for its installation. Installation of other structural elements is carried out in the following sequence:

Install signal sensors. The temperature sensor should be mounted in a place out of direct sunlight and away from heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems. The precipitation sensor is mounted on open area roofs. Humidity sensors are mounted in areas that are first exposed to melt water.
Alarm sensors are installed in such a way as to ensure their clear and timely response
Lay power and signal cables. Nylon ties are used to secure them and plastic clips. After installation, the conductors should be ringed, and the insulation resistance in the power lines should be additionally measured.
Heating cables are laid. To fix them, use brackets, metal clamps and overlays provided by the manufacturer. You can also use perforated mounting tape, provided that the heater shells are not damaged. When laying, it is necessary to exclude the possibility of free sagging of heating lines in the air.
To secure the heating cable, you can use a special perforated tape
The ends of the cables are inserted into distribution boxes, the resistance and the absence of insulation breakdown in each section are measured. Minimum value, which the megohmmeter should show, is 10 Mohm/m.
For installation and fastening of the heating cable in drains longer than 3 m, a metal cable is used

A number of operations, such as winding an additional layer of insulation in places where the clamps are installed, sealing the ends electric heaters, signal and power cables, etc., can be performed on the ground or indoors. This will reduce the risk of damage to the roof during installation activities.
Execute electrical connections heating, power and signal cables between each other and with the control unit. The heating sections and control cabinet are grounded.
Heating cables are connected in strict accordance with the switching and protection diagram
At a suitable outside temperature, turn on the anti-icing system for 1 hour, after which the current consumed by each section is measured. In case of deviation from the nominal values, the causes of the problems are identified and eliminated. To check the functionality of water and precipitation sensors when clear sky It is allowed to water them with water.

Video: Animated instructions for installing a heating cable

According to SNiP 3.05.06–85, which regulates the installation and operation of electrical devices, installation of heating cables can be carried out at an outdoor temperature of at least minus 15 °C. The installation of heaters must be completed before the first snow falls and ice forms on the roof. The best time for installation can be considered last weeks autumn. If, for any reason, the work was delayed until snow caps and ice plugs appeared on the roof and in the gutters, then careful cleaning of the cable installation sites from precipitation will be required.

Installing an anti-icing system is associated with risk, so working without insurance is prohibited

Selection of control and protection equipment

The heating cables are turned on and off within the specified temperature limits and in accordance with the state of the humidity and precipitation sensors at the command of the monitoring and control module. Depending on the complexity and functionality, these devices are divided into two types:

Of course, the first option, due to its design simplicity, costs several times less than the second. Despite this, it is not recommended to use it in regions with high humidity, since in this case there is a risk of incorrect interpretation of the temperature sensor data. As a result, instead of timely melting of snow, ice deposits may accumulate on the roof.

Weather station of the anti-ice installation and its connection diagram

The weather station does not have these disadvantages, but has a more complex design and, therefore, is less reliable. Nevertheless, choosing this option will allow you to build a snow melting system that can operate automatically and save energy due to more sensitive control.

To protect system elements in case of excess load current or short circuit in electrical diagram install a circuit breaker. In addition, they use a protective shutdown device that monitors current leakage through the insulation and, if it occurs, can de-energize the entire system or turn off individual sectors of the heaters.

Reliable, durable operation of the anti-icing system is guaranteed not only by correctly performed installation, but also by regular, timely maintenance. Here are a few operating rules that contribute to trouble-free operation of the equipment:

At the beginning of each season, namely after the leaves have fallen from the trees, the roof and gutters are cleaned of debris and dirt. To avoid damaging cables and sensors, clean with soft brushes. In places of heavy pollution, water is used.
The system is turned on in the outside temperature range from -15 to +5 °C.
Once every three months they do an examination and preventive work, which includes a tightening threaded connections and restoration of damaged insulation. In addition, the functionality of the residual current device is checked.
To protect cables from mechanical damage in places where snow and ice may collapse, barrier structures are installed.

In conclusion, I would like to give advice: do not allow anyone to carry out installation and maintenance work on the circuit. random people. Only qualified workers who have undergone specialized training know how to handle such a delicate and sensitive system.

Video: how to make a snow melting system with your own hands

With the appropriate knowledge and minimal skills, installing an anti-icing system is not difficult. At the same time, working at height requires utmost attention and composure. In addition, we recommend brushing up on safety precautions when working with high voltage and strictly follow them during installation and operation of the equipment.

The problem of icing occurs when melt water from the roof, flowing down gutters and pipes, freezes due to a decrease in ambient temperature or a difference in temperature on the roof and in the drain (if the roof is not insufficiently insulated). Ice builds up layer by layer on the drain. The icing process occurs quite quickly, and the melting of the formed ice takes many times longer. Therefore, ice must be removed manually or using a system that prevents icing of gutters.

Icing of gutters causes many problems:

The drainage system stops functioning. Ice clogs pipes, accumulates in gutters, and blocks drainage;
Ice increases the load to the drainage system. Massive accumulations of ice overload the supporting structures of drains, which leads to their collapse;
Leaks. Melt water that accumulates on the roof still finds its way down in the form of leaks;
Damage to drain pipes. Frozen water deforms pipes. If there are gaps at the pipe joints, then in these places the chance of damage increases significantly;
Damage to facades. In addition to the aesthetic problems caused by icicles, as the ice melts, noticeable smudges remain on the facades, spoiling the appearance of the facade. Water penetrates the plaster of the facade and destroys it;
Security problem. The owner of a building is required by law to maintain it in good condition, this includes removing icicles from gutters. If, by an unfortunate coincidence, falling icicles cause any harm, you will have to bear responsibility in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

What does an assembled gutter heating system look like?:

Heating of gutters and downpipes

The heating cable is installed along the entire length of gutters and pipes. The drains are heated using several strands of heating cable. The number of cable threads is calculated based on the following data: the material from which the pipes and gutters are made (plastic or metal), their size and shape. In addition to the specified data, constructive and technical features object, as well as climate zone. All specified data allows the designer to correctly calculate required amount cable and installation interval.

If the system is designed wrong, then one of the following problems is likely to arise: 1) the system does not compensate for heat loss and does not cope with the heating task, gutters freeze, pipes become clogged; 2) the system has excess power, the gutters are heated, but the energy consumption is too high, the system is expensive to operate. In addition to excessive consumption, there is a possibility of plastic gutters and pipes overheating and deforming.

Installation

Devices for installing the heating cable in the gutter:

mounting tape;
plastic fasteners.

Devices for installing a heating cable in a drainpipe:

double mounting tape;
plastic fasteners.

Heating cable for heating gutters

Above were the data necessary to calculate the number of threads of the heating cable. In addition, the power of the heating cable is selected. The table provides current information on the power required to heat gutters and drainage pipes in relation to the climatic conditions of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region.

To heat gutters, we use heating cables from Elektra - a proven European manufacturer that gives 10 year warranty for resistive heating cable:

For some objects, at the request of the customer, calculations can be performed using a self-regulating heating cable from Elektra:

Our advantages

We are the official representative of the Elektra plant in Russia. By contacting us, you are guaranteed to receive genuine products and a favorable price offer for heating cables, thermostats and accessories. We specialize in cable heating systems; our design department will prepare a competent solution for heating a drainage system of any complexity. If necessary, heating can include the roof, canopies and eaves of the building. Installation work are being carried out qualified specialists with extensive experience roofing works concerning anti-icing systems.

Diagnostics and maintenance of the drain heating system

Once the system is put into operation, in most cases there is no need to carry out additional maintenance activities. It is recommended to carry out system diagnostics before the start of the season (which is included in system diagnostics).

Diagnostics finished system . Our company’s specialists can diagnose the system and identify the cause of the problem. Problems are identified during the inspection of system elements using specialized equipment.

In early spring and late autumn, all homeowners face the problem of freezing roof slopes and freezing of melt water inside drains. If it is not resolved in a timely manner, the safety of people, as well as the safety of their property, will be threatened by large icicles and frozen lumps of snow falling from the roof.

A good solution is to heat the gutters, which will prevent the formation of ice. In this material we will talk about why you need to equip your drainage system with heating. We will also talk about what materials are required for this and describe in detail the essence of the process.

During the winter months, frost and heavy rainfall prevail in most regions of our country. As a result, large amounts of snow accumulate on the roof. An increase in temperature provokes first their thawing, and later active thawing.

During the day, melted water runs down the edges of the roof and into the gutters. At night it freezes, which leads to the gradual destruction of roofing elements and gutters.

This picture is typical for the off-season. If you don't take action, ice and snow will fall to the ground. In this case, the facade, gutters, and cars parked below may be damaged.

Icicles and a conglomerate of frozen snow and ice accumulate at the edges of the roof. From time to time they fall down, threatening the safety of people below and their property, the integrity of the drainage system and the decorative elements of the facade.

All these troubles can be prevented only by ensuring the unhindered drainage of melted water. This is only possible if the edges of the roof are heated and.

It happens that in order to reduce the cost of a heating system, it is laid only on the roof surface. The owner is fully confident that this will be quite enough.

However, it is not. The water will flow into gutters and pipes where it will freeze at the end of the day because there is no heating. The gutters will be clogged with ice, so they won’t be able to accept melt water. In addition, there is a danger of mechanical damage.

So to get good result, heating of the roof and surrounding drains should be arranged. In most cases, the heating cable is mounted on roof eaves, inside gutters and funnels, at the joints of roof fragments, along valley lines.

In addition, heating must be present along the entire length of drainpipes, in catch basins and drainage trays.

Image gallery

Heating system calculation

Experts advise choosing cables with a power of at least 25-30 W per meter for heating the roof and gutters. You need to know that both types of heating cables are used for other purposes. For arranging heated floors, for example, but their power is much lower.

Before you begin calculating power, you need to decide how all elements of the system will be heated. The figure shows examples of possible organization of heating gutters and drains

Power consumption is estimated in active mode. This is the period when the system operates at maximum load. It lasts in total from 11 to 33% of the entire cold period, which conventionally lasts from mid-November to mid-March. These are average values, they are different for each area. The power of the system needs to be calculated.

To determine it, you need to know the parameters of the drainage system.

Let us give an example of calculations for a standard design with a cross-section of a vertical drain of 80-100 mm, a gutter pipe diameter of 120-150 mm.

It is necessary to accurately measure the lengths of all gutters for water drainage and add up the resulting values.
The result must be multiplied by two. This is the length of the cable that will be laid along the horizontal section of the heating system.
The length of all vertical drains is measured. The resulting values are added together.
The length of the vertical section of the system is equal to the total length of the gutters, since in this case one cable line will be sufficient.
The calculated lengths of both sections of the heating system are added up.
The result obtained is multiplied by 25. The result is the electric heating power in active mode.

Such calculations are considered approximate. Everything can be calculated more accurately if you use a special calculator on one of the Internet sites. If independent calculations complicated, it is worth inviting a specialist.

Choosing a place to lay the cable

Actually, the heating system for gutters is not that complicated, but in order for it to work as efficiently as possible, the cable should be laid in all areas where ice forms and in places where melted snow melts.

In roof valleys, the cable is installed down and up, extending over two-thirds of the valley. Minimum - 1 m from the beginning of the overhang. For every square meter of valley there should be 250-300 W of power.

On flat areas of the roof, heating is installed for the roof fragment located directly in front of the catchment area. This way, melt water will freely flow into the pipe.

Along the edge of the cornice, the wire is laid in the form of a snake. The snake pitch for soft roofs is 35-40 cm; on hard roofs it is made a multiple of the pattern. The length of the loops is chosen in such a way that there are no cold zones on the heated surface, otherwise ice will form here. The cable is laid on the water separation line along the drip line. This can be 1-3 threads, the choice is made based on the design of the system.

The heating cable is installed inside the gutters. Usually two threads are laid here, the power is selected depending on the diameter of the gutter. One heating core is laid inside the gutters. Special attention attention should be paid to pipe outlets and funnels. This usually requires additional heating.

Heating system technology

We suggest you study detailed instructions for installing a heating system for roofs and gutters with your own hands. The process of installing a heating system for gutters includes a number of standard steps: